Well, we are now into the second topic of the first day of the IHIS event, Swine Day.
We had heard and we have kick-started with the ASF insight.
And now it's time that we move onto a nutritional perspective of the insight
tagging with what we should do and how can we do better.
and what are the Chinese or China which has banned AGP
since 1st July 2020 last year
doing and how they are coping with post-AGP era.
I'm very honored to have Dr. Wan.
who is calling in live and joining us
as a second speaker today from Shandong China.
Let me say hi to Dr. Wan.
Hello, Dr. Wan.
Hello.
And Jeremy, who is going to help us to moderate from Shanghai is calling in live.
Well here in Singapore
I would like to do a short introduction about who is Dr. Wan Jianmei in English.
And Jeremy will actually follow in Chinese later for the Chinese delegates.
Dr. Wan Jianmei works at Linyi Science and Technology College
and is the director of Shandong Jiujiuhemu Group.
He is engaged with feed formula design
livestock and poultry breeding technology, feed additive, animal nutrition
and health product research and development.
He did his professional studies in pig farming in Holland
and completed the construction of the integrator breeding procedure of formula
feeding and management, improving the litter size of sows
the formula and supporting the feeding technology of weaned piglets
without resistance or in the low zinc feed.
Dr. Wan has participated in two provincial and ministerial scientific research projects
and published more than 60 academic papers.
We're very glad to have Dr. Wan Jianmei, a technical director of Jiujiuhemu Group
as well as a professor of Linyi Science and Technology College
and being our esteem customer in Kemin China
to deliver to us the second topic of the day in the Swine Day of IHIS
in title "Nutritional strategies for weaned pigs after AGP ban".
Before Dr. Wan starts his presentation, let me pass the floor to Jeremy
to introduce him in Chinese for the Chinese delegates.
Jeremy, passing to you.
OK.
Let me introduce to you Dr. Wan Jianmei.
Dr. Wan Jianmei graduated from Sichuan Agricultural University
as a Doctor of Animal Nutrition.
He has been working for Shandong Jiujiuhemu Group,
and holds the position of Technical Director.
In addition, he also works at Linyi Vocational University of Science and Technology
as a tutor of Animal Nutrition.
He has a very unique understanding of Chinese pig feed formula,
and has guided a lot of companies.
In China, some formula adjustments after the AGP ban on July 1, 2020
are well known to all.
Next, Dr. Wan will share with us some
nutritional programs after the AGP ban in pig feed.
Welcome Dr. Wan.
Okay, thank you all.
Let's go straight to the point.
Hello, everyone who attends the Kemin Intestinal Health Industry Summit (IHIS).
It is a great honor to communicate with friends abroad in this special way.
The theme I'll share with you here is
the "Nutrition Strategy after the AGP Ban in Pig Feed".
The whole content is generally divided into five parts.
This include the main points of AGP-free feed.
Then we'll introduce the several changes after the ban,
Generally speaking, there are four changes,
respectively derived from the feed consumption procedures, feed types,
nutritional levels, raw material selection and the application of feed additives.
That��s all.
So let's take a look at some key points of AGP-free technology in feed.
As seen from Europe and our own experience,
after the AGP-ban in feed, we may face several major problems.
There are mainly three problems.
The first is the feed ratio, that is, the feed ratio of pigs may increase.
This was mainly embodied in the first year after the ban, which was quite prominent.
The other biggest problem is
the increased complaints of diarrhea.
This is a main concern for feed.
The other one is
the deterioration of anti-stress ability of pigs after APG-ban.
This was mainly embodied in the decrease of their digestive capacity.
The final problem is that the body's metabolic status may change significantly.
This is what we need to pay attention to after the ban.
So in response to the above problems,
what are the key points of nutritional decision-making?
We did it from two aspects.
The first one was in terms of economic benefits.
That is to say, since the feed ratio is decreased,
and the growth rate is reduced,
we have to change from the nutritional level.
The other one is the aspect of diarrhea and deterioration of anti-stress ability.
We need to change it by changing the
nutritional level and screening combinations of some functional additives.
So starting from these two aspects,
we need to take many things into consideration.
They can be summarized into three aspects,
including feeding mode, feeding conditions,
and the selection of raw material resources.
So now we have to consider,
for example, where farms and farmers use creep feed,
as well as the differences in post-creep feeding and post-weaning management issues,
which should be considered thoroughly.
Based on the above analysis,
we have set some key indicators
to analyze the occurrence and development of these issues.
We believe that the causes of all such problems,
including deterioration of growth performance, diarrhea and weakened resistance,
come from changes in the environment and diets.
The most direct consequence is the decrease in feed intake,
which in turn causes a series of consequences,
including nutritional deficiencies, inflammation, diarrhea,
deterioration of growth performance and so on.
For this reason, we found that to achieve AGP-free feed,
there are three key points.
One is that the core goal is to maintain intestinal health.
There are two core indicators:
one is the feed intake of piglets;
the other is the anti-diarrhea ability of the feed.
To achieve these goals,
and achieve high feed intake and high resistance to diarrhea of piglets,
the most important thing is to improve the digestibility of feed.
We all know that there are many factors that affect the feed intake of piglets,
which are briefly summarized here,
and I won't go into details.
If you are interested,
We can learn more about it
by reading the PPT of our clients.
Let me emphasize on one point here,
feed intake is particularly important in this stage
which is the first 3 days after weaning.
The feed intake in the first 3 days after weaning
directly determines the health of piglets�� intestines
and the subsequent growth performance.
We can find a very critical point,
that is, on the first day after weaning,
if the feed intake of a weaned piglet is less than 50 grams,
this piglet will definitely face weight loss after weaning,
or the problem called ��losing fat��.
The other one is that
the level of feed intake in the first 3 days after weaning directly determines the functional development of the intestinal tract.
The other is drinking water,
which may have a greater relationship with management.
We will brief about it later.
The supply of drinking water after weaning is very important.
Because of the changes in the environment after weaning,
the lack of drinking water in piglets directly inhibits feeding.
We can see that,
water consumption and feed intake have a very obvious positive correlation
with the growth rate of piglets.
Next, let��s talk about
the changes in feed consumption procedures and feed types after the ban.
Generally speaking, the customers we face are diverse.
We divide them into two categories:
the first category is customers who are used to using creep feed;
the other category is customers who are used to not using creep feed.
For customers who are used to not using creep feed,
we divide their post-weaning management into three stages.
They are: the first 3 days after weaning,
3 to 7 days after weaning and 1 week after weaning, respectively,
which we call ��Three-stage conservation��.
For the first 3 days after weaning,
we have developed a very targeted milk powder feed for the 3 days after weaning.
Secondly,
for 3 to 7 days after weaning,
we have changed from the original granular feed to a kind of powder plus granular creep feed.
All these changes are for piglets to achieve high feed intake as soon as possible,
maintain their intestinal health, immunity,
and growth rate.
For customers who are used to using creep feed,
we merely added creep feeding during breastfeeding
on the basis of three-stage conservation.
Our creep feeding program,
can be one-stage creep feeding,
two-stage creep feeding,
or three-stage creep feeding.
But no matter which creep feeding method is adopted,
the feed used is milk powder feed which is slightly better than
those targeted feeds for the first 3 days after weaning,
which we call ��Milk Replacer��.
To sum it up in one simple sentence:
three-stage creep feeding/conservation is equivalent to
the further refined feed types and growth stages.
One of our customers used to use creep feeds.
We recommended to him a three-stage program for creep feeding during breastfeeding,
which you can use as a simple reference.
I won��t go into details here.
But it can be simply concluded as
a mode of milk plus liquid feed plus powder feed.
This is the second one,
that is, a liquid feed plus porridge feed mixed with milk or milk porridge.
Porridge feed is also the feeding mode of what we call a mixture of liquid feed.
The two programs are largely similar.
Then we come to something quite critical,
that is the nutrition and feeding management one week after weaning.
There are two scenarios.
The first is that the customer changes the sty at the time of weaning.
That is, after weaning,
the piglets are moved to another place for conservation.
We must stress that,
piglets must be given extra water.
In addition, dry feeds and liquid feeds should be given at the same time,
in this way, it can ensure a smooth transition for the piglets.
We have done many experiments,
to find out which is better, the dry material or liquid material,
and found that there is not much difference between the two,
but the prerequisite is that adequate drinking water must be ensured.
Either method is good on the precondition of ensuring adequate drinking water.
The other is that after weaning,
The piglets are conserved for one week and then switch to another sty so as to achieve weaning,
for which we give liquid feeds and dry feeds simultaneously.
Extra drinking water is not required at this time.
Because the piglets are more familiar with the environment, they can look for drinking water.
Okay, after finishing this, let's take a look at
the changes in the nutritional levels of feeds after the AGP-ban,
and how we can adjust them through adjusting the feed formula.
When determining the nutritional levels of feeds,
we must pay great attention to one point,
i.e., feed intake.
Feed intake is a foundation that directly determines the setting of nutritional levels of feeds.
We see four figures here,
let��s take a look at the figure in the upper left corner.
So, is this figure correct?
Let��s put it here first.
It means the supply of nutrients will be more accurate
when the feeding stages are divided more finely,
it will be able to better meet the needs of the piglets.
So is it true?
Let��s skip to the later part.
Let's first look at the supply curve of pig feed intake in the upper right corner.
Let��s take a look at
the daily intake of lysine in the lower left corner.
I divided the lysine intake into four stages.
In the lower right corner is the curve of daily energy intake.
I divided energy into seven stages.
But as we can see,
no matter whether it��s divided into four stages or seven stages,
the overall nutrient intake is very consistent with the feed intake curve.
In other words,
the nutrient supply curve and the actual demand curve of piglets
are not determined by the stages division of breeding,
but by the feed intake.
Therefore, the design and estimation of the feeding curve is very critical.
So what does the figure in the upper left corner look like?
Let��s take a look, taking digestible lysine as an example,
obviously it is not a regular change,
so we must pay attention to this,
which is different from what we have known conventionally.
Now let's have a look at another point,
the influence of creep feeding on feed intake after weaning.
We can find out that,
creep feeding helps to increase the feed intake after weaning.
So during the breastfeeding period, creep feeding is a very critical factor.
In addition, the amount of creep feed consumed after weaning
also determines the feed intake and subsequent growth performance of piglets.
So after weaning, and after the AGP-ban,
we recommend our customers to use more creep feeds and nursery materials,
and to use nursery feeds longer,
so as to reduce
the impacts of diarrhea caused by the ban on the piglets.
The other point is what we just said,
the relationship between feed intake and nutritional levels.
When the feed intake is good enough,
the nutritional levels of creep feeds,
including protein levels and lysine levels,
can be decreased to very low.
Formerly, for example, under normal circumstances,
we could reach the lysine level of 1.35 or even higher,
while if the feed intake is good,
in other words, the feed thing is well done,
the lysine level can reach 1.2~1.25.
In this way, a lot of costs can be reduced,
and the formula space saved
can allow us to choose more good raw materials.
I summarized all key technical points on nutritions of AGP-free feeds or creep feeds
into a figure.
Like this.
It can be divided into three aspects:
one is the breastfeeding stage;
the other is the distribution of the feed types
before and after weaning and after weaning.
After analysis, we determined that
milk replacer, creep feeds and nursery feeds need to be further subdivided.
That is, the three-stage conservation and three-stage creep feeding just mentioned.
Let��s take a look at this.
This is the nutrition program recommended by Denmark.
Feel free to learn more of it.
Let's focus on the change in the selection of raw materials
in the formula after the AGP-ban.
Because as mentioned above,
there are two most critical points in non-AGP feeds as a whole:
one is the feed intake, i.e., how to increase the feed intake;
the other is how to prevent diarrhea.
Regarding the anti-diarrhea ability,
we put it into four aspects:
one is the improvement of the digestibility of raw materials;
the other one is the control of the acidity of the feed system;
the third one is how to improve the effect of zinc oxide;
and finally the choice of the source of zinc oxide,
which is worthy of consideration for all of us.
In terms of improving the feed intake,
the key is still the source of raw materials.
Let��s look at them one by one below.
First, the grain raw materials.
For grain raw materials,
Here we have a lot of common grain raw materials.
We usually have two options here:
One is that a raw material is well recognized by everyone,
so I can use a lot of it;
the other is that several kinds of raw materials are well recognized by everyone,
so I can use each kind of them,
but control the amount of each raw material at a certain appropriate level.
So my point of view is to choose multiple sources,
and control each raw material at a certain level,
but maintain multiple sources.
The other is the source of protein and the level of protein added,
There are also three points I want to emphasize.
The first one is that the higher the level of raw material added from a single protein source,
the more it affects the palatability of the material.
So I don't recommend using too much of each protein source,
but you can increase the sources of protein.
Use a little less of each protein source.
The other point is that due to various reasons such as African swine fever (ASF),
plasma protein powder has been rarely used.
We think the better raw material to replace it is high-quality fish powder.
The other point worth noting is the freshness of the protein raw material.
As the storage time of protein materials is prolonged,
its palatability will get worse and worse.
This is a very important point to note.
The other is some key indicators in our formula.
For example, in creep feeds and nursery feeds, there are some indicators that we need to focus on and control,
for example, crude fiber.
Undoubtedly, the higher the crude fiber content, the less palatable the material will be.
The other is that the higher the digestible energy,
the better the palatability of the creep and nursery feeds will be for the piglets.
The other is the glycemic index,
which is the speed of carbohydrate utilization that is indirectly reflected by the glycemic index.
The higher the glycemic index, the better the digestibility,
and higher the feed intake.
The other is some nutrients,
both the intake and digestibility of which in the foregut and hindgut
will affect the animals�� feed intake.
We won��t go into details here.
You can watch the courseware,
and I will give you a brief summary later.
The other is the content of non-starch polysaccharides,
which is very noteworthy.
In creep and nursery feeds, especially AGP-free creep and nursery feeds,
the content of non-starch polysaccharides shall be especially controlled
to as little as possible.
Because it is positively related to enterotoxigenic E. coli and diarrhea.
In terms of raw material selection, I will give you a summary.
In terms of the source, addition level, and technical process of grain,
generally speaking, we think that in Southeast Asia,
naked oats and polished rice are better in quality,
while rice and oats slightly lag behind.
In term of addition level,
if it is a single raw material,
the higher the addition level is, the worse the palatability will be.
When combined, this is not a big issue.
We can add each raw material at 15% to 30%,
which can get very good results.
The other is about the influence of raw materials on palatability after processing.
Puffing can improve the palatability of corn and oat obviously,
but for raw materials such as barley, rice and wheat,
simple puffing does not improve their palatability.
For certain grains,
especially when granulating,
the effect of granular feeds is better than powder feeds.
However, for some complex granulated feeds,
because there are many types of raw materials for grains, there are interactions between them,
this conclusion does not hold.
The other is the sources of protein, fat and fiber.
In general, fish powder has the best palatability and potato protein has the worst.
However, we also use some potato protein,
but not too much, no more than 2 points, i.e., within 2%.
It is mainly for functional purpose.
The other is the intestinal membrane protein,
the content of which is also controlled within 5% in general,
so as to guarantee its palatability,
and not to have a significant impact on the feed intake.
The other is to control the freshness of protein feed.
For grease,
I recommend palm kernel oil.
Next is coconut oil,
because it has more medium and short-chain fatty acids.
Flaxseed oil and soybean oil have a relatively high content of unsaturated fatty acids,
and contribute relatively poorly to palatability in general.
So no matter the choice,
what I want to emphasize here is the combination of raw materials.
Their interaction is very critical and should be fully considered.
The other point is the relationship between palatability and feed characteristics.
Generally speaking,
Because they are all powder feeds, hardness is hardly an issue.
But for granular feed,
when the hardness, brittleness and chewiness of the material are too high,
the impact would certainly be negative.
Within the normal range, the impact on palatability will not be particularly large.
In addition, if the granulate particle size is within normal range,
the impact on feed intake is not particularly obvious.
But we found that some indicators in digestion rate and utilization rate,
especially dry matter digestion rate, energy digestion rate,
starch digestion rate and glycemic index,
significantly affect feed intake.
In addition, the higher the crude fiber content is,
the higher the indigestible dry matter content will be,
and the higher the content of indigestible non-starch polysaccharides is,
the lower the feed intake of piglets will often be.
In addition, we feel that
this may have a certain relationship with the flow rate of the ileal chyme.
So in AGP-free material,
we attach great importance to the digestion rate or digestibility of this raw material.
And the final point.
Let's look at the changes in the application of additives after the AGP-ban.
There are mainly several aspects.
The first one is intestinal nutrients,
The second one is the energy supply materials.
We all know substances like glutamine, asparagine,
amino acids and glucose.
Glucose is a very good energy source for the intestines,
which we can consider using a little bit more in AGP-free creep and nursery feeds.
For example, we might use 5% for normal cases,
but in more high-end creep feeds,
we may achieve 8% to 10% for glucose and sucrose.
This is a very important change.
The other is short-chain fatty acids,
we consider more about short-chain fatty acids such as butyric acid.
Some other functional substances are those to maintain the intestinal morphology,
immune function and intestinal growth.
I recommend that you can focus on nucleotides,
that is, yeast extract,
which is a very good intestinal functional substance.
The other is acid-binding capacity,
This is a very core point for AGP-free creep feeds.
So how do we achieve low acid-binding capacity?
The first point is low calcium.
The second point is to replace all the stone powder with calcium formate,
or alternatives such as calcium lactate.
The other is to use a large amount of acidifiers.
Regarding calcium level, we have done experiments,
which concluded that when the non-phytate phosphorus level is 0.4%,
the calcium level is around 0.55.
In fact, it doesn't affect the growth performance of pigs.
So we tend to lower the calcium level.
The other is the synergistic aspect of zinc oxide.
The roles of zinc oxide can be summarized into four points:
Growth promotion, bacteriostasis, immune improvement,
and intestinal morphology improvement.
In every aspect, for growth promotion,
we can make up for it by a combination of protease and non-starch polysaccharides.
For bacteriostasis,
we can use catalase.
There are many other substances that can play this role in this aspect.
For example, acidifier is a very effective choice.
Acidifiers are very important and can enhance the relief effect.
The other is the immune function improvement.
The options include immunopolysaccharide we are talking about and yeast extract.
In terms of intestinal morphology improvement,
the butyrate/sodium butyrate we just mentioned is a very good choice.
In addition, the roles of tannic acid in intestinal convergence, anti-oxidation, and elimination of inflammation
are very consistent with the role of zinc oxide.
Then is to choose a good zinc source.
Because in China,
there is an upper limit on the amount of zinc oxide allowed.
Therefore, it is very important to choose a good zinc source,
which is a foundation for the optimal combination of additives.
In China, there are ordinary zinc oxide,
porous zinc oxide, light zinc oxide, nano zinc oxide,
and coated zinc oxide.
Now porous zinc oxide and light zinc oxide are more commonly used.
In addition, in terms of coated zinc oxide,
it��s worth evaluating the difference in coating process between different manufacturers.
This effect is quite obvious.
So in general,
for example, in terms of additives,
there are mainly three major sections for the core of anti-diarrhea after the AGP-ban:
zinc oxide, tannic acid and acidifiers.
It is a very important core.
We can add other functional additives to this core.
Take creep feed formula for an example.
The first is the nutritional level, the difference between with AGP and without AGP.
This is the raw material for the entire formula.
The difference in the amount of raw materials with AGP and without AGP.
As you can see, the gap may not be very large.
Because the material with AGP can be considered a transitional material,
so there are some differences, but they are not obvious.
As you can see in general,
the diversity of carbohydrate sources and protein sources
is a very important point.
These are some differences in the combination of additives.
As you can see,
acidifier, zinc oxide, tannic acid and NSP complex enzyme
are a very core part for AGP alternatives.
This is the end of my presentation.
Thank you all.
You can contact me via WeChat or mobile phone.
For in-depth discussion,
we can do it via WeChat or email.
Thank you all.
This is the end of my presentation.
OK, thank Dr. Wan for the wonderful report.
Dr. Wan's report addresses how we should deal with AGP-ban
from five aspects.
Four of them touch on our strategy.
The first is the change in the feed consumption procedures;
The second is the adjustment of nutritional levels;
The third is the careful selection of raw materials;
The fourth is the choice and application of additives.
Very valuable experience.
If you are interested,
You can contact Dr. Wan through his contact information.
Thanks again to Dr. Wan for his speech.
Okay, let's hand over to JJ.
Thank you Jeremy.
Thank you, Dr. Wan Jianmei, who have presented to us the second topic
on the important and great insight
on what are the holistic approaches that China do
especially they have started the ban of AGP
since the 1st July 2020 last year.
We will enter into the third speaker later.
From China, we will move to Thailand
where we are privileged enough today
to have one of our important integrators in swine production
who will talk to us about the sustainability
as well as how is an eco-friendly feed in swine farming
built into a much greener production of agriculture.
I will see you later in the third speaker from Thailand.
Thank you.