新西兰
历史纪事
地球上的神话之岛
极限荒野
在太平洋深处 In the far reaches of the Pacific Ocean...
有个与世隔绝的岛屿 lies a land cut-off from the rest of the world...
自恐龙时代起 since the time of the dinosaurs.
经过8000万年的分离 After 80 million years of isolation,
大自然选择了一条自己的路 nature has gone its own way.
在这个迷失的世界 生活有不同的规则 In this lost world, life plays by different rules.
森林里可以看到企鹅 Penguins in the forests...
雪地里可以看到鹦鹉 parrots in the snow...
还有史前时代的食肉动物 and predators from prehistory.
他们的生命被地球上最强大的力量主宰 Their lives are dominated by the most powerful forces on earth.
当人类终于到达这里 他们发现 When humans finally arrived, they discovered
没有任何地方比新西兰更陌生 神秘 nowhere is more strange and mysterious than New Zealand.
在新西兰的最南端 At the extreme southern tip of New Zealand,
南极的影响出奇的清晰明了 the influence of the South Pole is surprisingly clear.
南极光 南部之光 The Aurora Astralis, the Southern Lights.
在南纬47度 下一站就是南极洲 At 47 degrees south, the next stop is Antarctica.
夏天这些纬度地区 黑夜时间不长 At these latitudes in summer, the nights don't last long.
因此只有很短暂的机会 So there is only a brief window of opportunity
留给那些在夜间觅食的生物 for the creatures who hunt by night.
就像这神秘的流浪者 Like this mysterious beachcomber.
他只在新西兰出没 He's only found in New Zealand
并且十分罕见 and very rarely seen.
他有短而粗硬的翅膀 但太重 难以展翅而飞 He has stubby wings, but he's too heavy to fly.
一种野生的南部棕色几维鸟 A wild southern brown kiwi.
夕阳西下 这只几维鸟就开始啄击着沙滩寻找沙虫 Just after sunset, the kiwi hits the beach in search of sand-hoppers.
他依靠嗅觉和喙顶端的鼻孔 He relies on his sense of smell and sniffs out the bugs through
寻找虫子 nostrils at the end of his bill.
几维鸟晚上出动避免在白天碰到食肉动物 Kiwis come out at night to avoid daytime predators.
因此很难捕捉到机会仔细瞧瞧他们 So it's rare to get such a good look at them.
寒冷的夜晚和贫瘠的食物预示着 Cold nights and meagre pickings mean that as the first rays of
第一缕阳光到来之前 几维鸟不会逃避与藏身 the sun appear, this kiwi doesn't run and hide.
他持续觅食到黎明 He keeps hunting into dawn.
这里的环境迫使南部棕色几维鸟白天呆在外面 The conditions here force the southern brown kiwi to stay out in daylight.
生活在极南部 它必须完全改变它平常的作息 To live this far south, it has had to completely alter its normal routine.
生活在这与世隔绝的荒野生物 Every creature who lives in this wild and remote part of the world
必须想出根本的解决办法应对这里的生存挑战 must come up with radical solutions to the challenges of living here.
新西兰靠近极点的位置 使它更容易受到风暴的袭击 New Zealand's closeness to the pole makes it vulnerable to storms,
特别是在南部 如人们所言 你可以感受到 particularly in the south, where they say you can feel the icy breath
南极洲冰冷的呼吸 of Antarctica.
新西兰的南部沙滩 难以置信 这是亚南极之地开拓者的 New Zealand's southern beaches are a refuge for one incredible
避难所 subantarctic pioneer.
新西兰的海狮 A New Zealand sea lion.
也许是世界上最稀有的海狮 Possibly the rarest sea lion in the world.
150年前几乎被猎杀灭绝 Almost hunted to extinction 150 years ago.
但在1993年 一头母海狮归来并产下海狮宝宝 But then, in 1993, one female returned and gave birth.
20多年过去 他们的后代还生活在这里 Over 20 years on, their descendants are still here.
一头成年雄性海狮的重量相当于四个成年男性的重量 An adult male can weigh about as much as four grown men.
大概需要8年的时间才会长大成年 It can take eight years to reach maturity.
成年雄性海狮犹如新西兰南岛的橄榄球前锋 Adult male sea lions are the rugby front row of the South Island.
在繁殖季节 海滩成为他们的战场 During the breeding season, the beaches become their battleground.
只有最强大的海狮才能赢得生育资格 Only the biggest and toughest will win the right to breed.
一头雌性海狮刚从为期3天的捕食之旅中返程 A female returning from a three-day fishing trip doesn't want to attract
她不想吸引雄海狮们的注意 the males' attention.
她有别的心事 She has something else on her mind.
她也许能超过世上其他海狮 潜入更深的海里 She might be able to dive deeper than any other sea lion on earth,
但是拖动160公斤的身躯穿过沙丘更多的是一种折磨 but hauling 160kg up over a sand dune is more of a struggle.
这么努力是有原因的 There is a reason for all this effort.
她在寻找她珍贵宝贝 She's searching for something precious.
她世界的中心 The centre of her world.
她的幼崽 Her pup.
刚出生几周 Only a couple of weeks old.
把孩子藏在丛林 By hiding her baby in the woods,
避开海滩上那些暴力的男孩子 she avoids the bullyboys on the beach.
在安全的丛林 他可以安静的吃奶 In the safety of the forest, he can suckle in peace.
沿着南部的海岸线 All along the southern coast,
海洋生物来岸上寻找庇护 sea creatures come ashore to find shelter.
但是当你本该生活在海里却打算生活在陆地时 But living on land when you're meant to be
这本身就会带来麻烦 at sea can bring problems of its own.
在新西兰的斯奈尔斯群岛 On the Snares Islands,
企鹅们把它们的窝筑在丛林 penguins build their nests amongst the trees
因为这是繁殖的安全处所 because it's a safe place to breed.
但是在丛林 防护要付出高昂代价 But protection in these forests comes at a price.
上千只小脚丫把这些筑巢的地方变成了泥淖之地 Thousands of tiny feet turn the nesting ground into a quagmire.
它们身上都是黏黏的泥土 They get covered in sticky mud,
不仅仅在脚上 它们珍贵的羽毛上面也有 not just their feet, but their precious feathers, too.
这些泥巴不仅使它们变得难看也威胁着它们的生命 The mud not only ruins their looks, it could threaten their lives.
它们密集的羽毛就是它们的救生衣 Their densely-packed plumage is their survival suit.
如果企鹅们的羽毛变脏了 If their feathers are dirty,
它们不能有效的保温 they won't insulate as effectively
就会丧失生命所需的能量 and the penguins will lose vital energy.
在海岸边 不能冒这样的险 These are coastlines where risks cannot be taken.
因此 在他一头跳入大海之前 So before he dives headfirst into the sea,
这只企鹅得先进行企鹅温泉浴 this penguin checks into the penguin spa.
岩池使他有尽可能安全地清洗身体 The rock pool gives him a chance to wash and scrub up in safety.
他梳洗着他的羽毛 He combs through his feathers...
然后通过在尾部油脂分泌的蜡质物 then waterproofs them with a wax from an oil gland
进行防水 at the base of his tail.
这种蜡质物不仅可以保暖 Not only does this wax help him stay warm,
也帮助它们在水里更自如地滑翔 it will also help glide through the water more efficiently.
再一次保暖和防水之后 他现在的妆容已为晚餐做好准备 Insulated and waterproof once more, he's now dressed for dinner.
准备与这狂暴的海洋大战一场 Ready to tackle the wild ocean beyond.
环绕新西兰南岛的海浪 The waters surrounding the South Island
是世界上最凶残的 are some of the most brutal on earth.
这里是海洋风暴雨带 These are the Roaring Forties.
常年有咆哮大风 Gale force winds rage year-round,
搅乱海洋 冲刷海岸 churning up seas that batter the shores.
恶劣的天气说来就来 Fierce weather systems can arrive without warning.
广阔的海洋涌动着 风暴从南极洲“加足马力” Open ocean swells and storms charge up
掀起八米高的巨浪 from Antarctica and create massive waves up to eight metres high.
一直都是个挑战 It's always a challenge.
在这片海域工作的挑战 The challenge of being able work the area.
你时刻要做好准备 You just have to be prepared all the time.
这暴风雨是彼得·杨的日常 Tackling the tempest is a regular occurrence for Peter Young.
他往返旅程的挑战 It's his commute to work.
但是他工作室窗外的风景弥补了这一切 But the view from his workplace makes up for it.
新西兰最壮丽的景点之一 One of the most spectacular sights in New Zealand -
峡湾地区 Fiordland.
这迷宫般陡峭的峡湾和入口 This labyrinth of steep-sided fjords and inlets offers shelter
给大量海洋生物提供了避难所 to a whole host of marine life.
对宽吻海豚来说 这是生养繁殖的地方 For bottlenosed dolphins, it's a place to rest and feed.
也是海豹幼崽们成长的育儿所 And a nursery, where baby fur seals can build up their strength.
彼得是环保部门的护员 Peter is a ranger for the Department of Conservation.
他监察和保护这里的海洋生物 He monitors and protects the wildlife here.
我喜爱峡湾地区这里的多样性 The diversity of Fiordland is something I love.
这是世界上只有极少数人 It's something that not a lot of people
能做的工作 in the world will ever get to do.
你看 有一条40吨重的鲸鱼在巡游 You sort of get a 40-tonne whale just come cruising up.
就在船边上 翻转 Right beside the boat, rolling over,
把它们的腹部展示给你看似乎想要挠痒痒 exposing their bellies to you as if they want a bit of a scratch.
峡湾地区是南岛的珍宝 Fiordland is the jewel of the South Island.
面积将近5000平方英里 是新西兰最大的国家公园 At almost 5,000 square miles, it's New Zealand's biggest national park.
这壮观的景象是冰川凿出来的 This dramatic landscape was gouged out by glaciers
在冰川时代末期 during the last ice age.
形成了不可思议的深海盐水湾 Creating incredibly deep saltwater inlets.
这里 两个分离的世界碰面了 Here, two distinct worlds meet.
陆地上的淡水 Fresh water from the land
海洋里的盐水 开始交融 mixes with saltwater from the ocean...
形成一个独特的生态系统 to create a unique ecosystem.
淡水从丛林中流到这里 Fresh water arrives here from the forests,
携带着丰富的来自腐化植被的单宁酸 rich in tannins from rotting vegetation,
变成一汪黑茶 turning it into a dark tea.
淡水从悬崖峭壁流与下面的盐水交汇 It pours off these cliffs to mix with the saltwater below.
比盐水要淡 Less dense than saltwater,
污浊的淡水漂浮在上面 挡住了光线 the stained fresh water floats above and blocks out the light...
创造了一个黑暗冰冷的水底世界 creating a dark and cold underwater world.
在这里 通常生活在海洋漆黑深处的生物 Here, creatures that normally live in the inky depths of the ocean
会把家安在更贴近海面的地方 make their home much nearer to the surface.
黑珊瑚通常生长在100米以下 但是在这里 Black corals normally grow below 100 metres, but here,
这片水下黑珊瑚森林却在浅滩繁荣生长 underwater forests of them thrive in the shallows.
并以黑珊瑚著称 It may be known as black coral,
但当它被成千上万的小珊瑚覆盖 but it appears white as it's covered in
看起来是白色的 millions of tiny coral polyps,
当下正在吸收养分 all feeding in the current.
黑珊瑚是世界上生长最慢的珊瑚 Black corals are the slowest-growing corals in the world.
但是在这里它们以每年2厘米的惊人速度生长 But here they grow a remarkable two centimetres a year.
形成一个珊瑚丛大概需要数百年的时间 To create a forest of them can take hundreds of years.
史前甲壳类及足目动物 Prehistoric shellfish, brach iopods,
是恐龙时期的遗物 are relics from the time of the dinosaurs.
他们也慢慢爬上了峭壁来到浅滩 They, too, have crept up the cliff walls and into the shallows.
独特混杂的海洋生物已经习惯生活在这里 A unique mix of marine life has adapted to live here thanks
多亏了淡水和盐水以非凡的融合 to the extraordinary way fresh and saltwater meet.
新西兰的南部 The south of New Zealand
是地球上最潮湿的地区之一 is one of the wettest places on earth.
来自南极严寒的风 Freezing winds from Antarctica collide with
与来自北方的潮湿相遇 warm wet weather from the north.
大量的潮湿空气被迫 Huge volumes of moist air are forced to
上升到南岛的山区 rise over the South Island's mountains,
在这里冷却形成巨大的云层 where they cool and form vast banks of cloud.
南岛的西海岸和森林 The South Island's west coast and forests
一年中超过200天被雨水浸透 are drenched with rain for more than 200 days a year.
大片的温带雨林得以维持生长 The water sustains vast swathes of temperate rainforest.
森林里万物复苏 Forests brought to life
多亏新西兰奇异迷人的鸟儿们 by New Zealand's bizarre and beautiful birds.
蜜雀嘈杂的回声穿破苍穹 Where tuis' complex calls echo through the canopy.
铃鸟以为蓝花授粉换得花蜜 Bellbirds trade nectar for a dusting of blue pollen.
不会飞的黑秧鸡躲藏在灌木丛里 And flightless weka skulk in the undergrowth.
这是绝佳的环境 It is the perfect environment for
对喜爱潮湿的苔藓和蕨类来说 moisture-loving mosses and ferns.
在他们下面 Underneath them,
覆满粘液和烂泥的潮湿森林地表隐藏着致命的秘密 a humid forest floor of mucus and slime with a deadly secret.
黄昏 当捕猎者出现的时候 它苏醒过来 It comes to life at twilight when the hunters come out.
他们的巢穴在阴暗潮湿的森林悬岩之处 Their lairs are in dark and damp forest overhangs
这里极度的潮湿充分施展了它的用处 where the extreme moisture is put to good use.
这些丝线是一种幼小昆虫的佳品 These silken threads are the work of a tiny larva of a gnat.
尽管他们看起来很漂亮 Beautiful though they may appear,
丝线隐藏着邪恶的阴谋 the threads have a sinister purpose.
幼虫用他们来捕食 The larvae use them to trap their prey.
黏黏的液滴就像蜘蛛网 Droplets of sticky mucus work like spider webs,
等着捕捉飞行类昆虫 waiting to catch hold of flying insects.
他们最喜欢的是蜉蝣 Mayflies are a particular favourite.
当黑夜来临 As darkness settles,
天才的致命陷阱展现出来 the genius of their deadly traps is revealed
在它光彩照人的外衣下 in all its beautiful glory.
幼虫小昆虫 以萤火虫知名 Gnat larvae are also known as glow-worms.
生物体发光 The bioluminescence is generated
是由它们尾部的化学反应引起的 by a chemical reaction within their tail.
创造一种无法抵挡的诱惑 Creating an irresistible lure.
他们越饿 他们的光就越亮 The hungrier they are, the brighter they glow,
吸引受害昆虫 就像飞蛾扑火那样 drawing in victims like moths to a flame.
而且这种萤火虫并不孤独 And this glow-worm isn't alone.
数百只生活在一起 Hundreds live side-by-side.
仿佛他们一起创建了属于自己的星际 It's almost as if together they create their own starscape,
迷惑飞行的昆虫并把它们引向死亡 confusing navigating insects and luring them to their doom.
当空气变得饱和 When the air itself becomes saturated
温度也恰到好处 and the temperature is just right,
罕见的巨物出现了 rare giants emerge.
一只鲍维尔利芳塔食肉蜗牛 A powelliphanta snail.
它可以长到一个成年男性的拳头那么大 It can grow to the size of a man's fist.
它们实在是太稀有了 因此只能将它们包围 So rare, they can only be filmed in captivity
才能拍摄它们与众不同的习性 where their extraordinary behaviour is revealed.
它们如何追捕猎物 It's still a mystery as to exactly
到现在还是个谜 how they track down their food.
但是有一点可以肯定的是 But one thing is for sure,
这种蜗牛的口味很独特 this snail has unusual tastes.
而且它们很厌恶餐桌礼仪 And revolting table manners.
它的嘴能包裹蚯蚓并使其窒息 Its mouth envelops and suffocates the earthworm.
蚯蚓就像意大利面一样被蜗牛吸食进去 It's sucked down like spaghetti.
不论猎物多大 它都有6000颗牙齿 For anything bigger, it's got 6,000 teeth
时刻准备着撕碎下一顿大餐 ready to shred the next meal.
在这个超饱和的环境中 In this supersaturated environment,
这种特别的蜗牛是终极食肉动物 this specialised snail is the ultimate predator.
水支配着这片大陆 Water dominates the land.
它从山上倾泻而下 It thunders off the mountains,
形成汹涌的白色激流 creating raging white-water rapids.
从南岛山上倾泻而下的河水 Some of the South Island's mountain rivers flow
能够达到每秒6万加仑 at over 60,000 gallons a second.
这里已经没有地方可以养活一个家庭了 This is no place to bring up a family.
但是这些父母别无选择 But these parents have no choice.
幸运的是 这些蓝鸭宝宝安全降生了 Fortunately, blue duck chicks are born ready.
它们需要横渡湍急的河水 They have to navigate the churning currents
去寻找最佳捕食之地 to reach the best feeding grounds.
它们需要像父母一样尝试着养活自己 And like their parents, they must dabble to feed.
最美味的食物长在石头上 The tastiest food is on the rocks.
蓝鸭的喙十分适合 Blue duck bills are specially-shaped to scrape
从河床中捕捉幼小昆虫 insect larvae from the riverbed.
蓝鸭宝宝们有一层保护膜可以防止它们的喙 The ducklings have a protective membrane to stop their bills
因为摩擦而受伤 being rubbed raw.
这看起来很有意思 It almost looks like fun.
但是突然而来的暴风雨和融化的雪水会引起山洪暴发 But sudden storms or snowmelt can cause flash floods...
冲走河边的卵石 更别提 这一小撮小蓝鸭宝宝 which can dislodge boulders, let alone a tiny ball of feathers.
但是这些蓝鸭宝宝能够 But these blue duck chicks can motor
游过这片急流 through this powerful flow.
他们巨大的蹼脚在陆地上显得太大了 Their giant webbed feet are far too big on land,
但却很适合在激流中游走 but they are perfect in the torrent.
这凶猛的河流变成了它们的游乐场 Allowing this violent river to become their playground.
克服这种极端环境的方法不止一种 There is more than one way to conquer these extremes.
鹦鹉是很聪明的鸟 Parrots are very intelligent birds.
食肉鹦鹉可能是最聪明的鹦鹉 But the kea is perhaps the smartest of them all.
当它们选择地点定居时 他们会选择一个温暖 When it comes to setting up home, they choose a warm,
干燥的洞穴 使它们的家人与外界安全隔离 dry burrow to keep their family safe from the elements.
当这些小鹦鹉的父母外出时 The chicks huddle together for warmth and comfort
它们就挤作一团寻求温暖和舒适 while their parents are away.
当它们九个星期大的时候 But nine weeks after they've hatched,
它们渴望去探索更多的未知世界 they hanker for something more.
食肉鹦鹉以它们旺盛的求知欲著称 Kea are famous for their insatiable curiosity.
只需要父母的一丁点鼓励 With a little parental encouragement,
就没有人能够阻挡这些年轻鸟儿 there's no holding these youngsters back.
拥有了宽阔的翅膀之后 它们就能从森林 On broad wings, they are led out from the forest...
飞向另外一个崭新的世界 into a whole new realm.
食肉鹦鹉拥有不同寻常的机敏大脑 Kea have unusually agile minds.
停车场和滑雪斜坡是自助找食的场所 Car parks and ski slopes are a smorgasbord of opportunity.
它们不仅有灵活的大脑 It's not just their minds that are flexible.
它们锋利的鸟喙用途广泛 Their hooked beaks are a multi-tool.
是挖掘 扭曲 Perfect for digging, twisting,
甚至是各种各样恶作剧的武器 and getting into all kinds of mischief.
正是锋利的喙和机敏的大脑的结合 It's this combination of beak and brain
使得食肉鹦鹉 that enables kea to tackle
在山脉中最危险陡峭的地方生存 even the most hostile face of the mountains.
它们的喙甚至能用作破冰斧 Its bill even serves as an ice axe.
食肉鹦鹉是世界上唯一 The kea is the only parrot in the world
在山雪之地 能繁衍发展的鹦鹉 to thrive above the snow line.
在新西兰所有的荒野中 Of all the wild places in New Zealand,
南阿尔卑斯山脉是当前 the Southern Alps present the most
环境最恶劣的地方 extreme challenges of all.
这里的气候控制着所有生物的生死 They dictate the weather that rules all life here.
海拔高至大约4000米 They tower almost 4,000 metres above sea level
而且高度还在增加 and they're still rising.
当中有些是世界上 These are some of the fastest-growing mountains
海拔增速最快的山脉 in the world.
如果它们没有倒塌或者被侵蚀的话 They might stand 20,000 metres high
海拔可能会达到2万米 if they weren't battered down and eroded by the elements.
这是一处位于高海拔之上的破裂冰冻王国 It's a fractured, high altitude, frozen kingdom.
全新西兰最不适合居住的地方 The most inhospitable of all New Zealand.
在这里 冰的阻碍是无法逾越的 Up here, the grip of ice is impossible to escape.
大雪层层覆盖 Heavy snow falls on heavy snow.
厚重的雪积压在巨大的冰块上 连中间的空气都被挤出来 It squeezes out the air, compacting into giant blocks of ice
形成巨大的冰川 to create immense glaciers.
上百万吨淡水汇聚 并凝结成冰 Millions of tonnes of fresh water stored, frozen solid.
这些强力的巨冰开凿了山谷 These powerful giants carve out valleys
还有幽深的冰川湖 and deep glacial lakes.
它们占据了整片风景 They dominate the entire landscape
维护这里的生态平衡 and hold all life here in balance.
但是南岛上的冰川正在消逝 But the strength of the South Island's glaciers is slipping,
有人倾其一生 致力寻找这其中的缘由 and one man has devoted his life's work to find out why.
布莱恩·安德森是冰川科学家 Brian Anderson is a glacial scientist
他发明了一种机器可以预测冰川的发展变化 who builds machines that help him look into the future.
我喜欢外出去山上探索 I like to get out to the mountains.
我喜欢测量冰川 I like to measure glaciers and try
研究它们的原理 and understand how they work,
它们现在所历经的变化 what's happening at the moment,
然后尽可能描绘出 and then try and build a picture
这里冰川未来的模样 of what glaciers might do in the future.
布莱恩的工作室 Brian's workplace has to be one of
是全国最偏远的一个 the most remote in the country.
他的任务是前往与外界无法联系的荒野 His mission forces him into parts of the wilderness so cut-off,
他必须带上他需要的所有工具 he must take everything he needs with him.
布莱恩往下打桩八米深 Brian has to drive a stake eight metres down
到冰川的核心去发现最深远的秘密 into the icy heart of the glacier to reveal its deepest secrets.
他的工具就是这个手提蒸汽钻 And he does it with this portable steam drill.
为了使用蒸汽钻 我们要用到这个背包式的蒸汽钻 For the steam drilling we use this backpack-mounted boiler.
要钻深一点 You have to drill quite deep.
夏天有时候冰会融化6到8米 It might melt six or eight metres over the summer,
所以我们的桩要足够长 and so we need our stakes to be long enough
这样才能全部打入冰内 that they'll actually stay in.
通过一整年对积雪深度的测量 By measuring the depth of snow through the year,
布莱恩可以计算出冰川大小的变化 Brian can record how the glacier changes size,
描绘出冰川接下来的变化趋势 building a picture of its long-term behaviour.
冰川移动速度十分缓慢 Glaciers move incredibly slowly,
所以观测它们的唯一办法是加快时间变化 so the only way to watch them is to speed up time itself.
布莱恩手工制作的定时装置 And his handbuilt time-lapse units
有这个功能 will let Brian do exactly that.
或者它们可以使得布莱恩能够将它们 Or they will, providing he can get them
放置在最佳拍摄位置 into the best positions.
最开始我使用1台相机 It all started with one camera
后来我觉得我应该用7台相机 and then I think I got seven cameras
观测南阿尔卑斯山脉周围的冰川 looking at glaciers around the Southern Alps.
使用相机的绝妙之处在于它能每隔一小时拍摄一张照片 So the beauty of using a camera is that it's taking a photo every hour.
这种方法可以获取到 It gives us the kind of data
实地测量得不到的数据 that you can't get from measuring on the ground.
而且实地测量也并不能让你获得什么实质信息 And you can't really get from measuring from space, either,
因为冰川周围的环境总是雾蒙蒙的 because these glacier environments are often really cloudy.
定时相机可以将一年 Time-lapse cameras can condense
缩短为几秒 a year into a few seconds.
但它们必须能在冰冷的环境中正常使用 But only if they survive the months of freezing conditions.
结果证明这些努力都是值得的 The results are worth it.
当你观看这些照片时 When you actually look at the photos,
就像我们在看着冰川每年 每月 每周 每小时的变化一样 like every hour over weeks or months or years,
你能观察出冰川发生的每一个细小变化 you can actually see every little change in the glacier.
常常会有出乎意料的发现 I always find things that I wouldn't have expected.
冰川就是冰河形成的 Glaciers are rivers of ice
只有通过延时摄影我们才能真正看出它们的动态 and it's only in time-lapse that we really see them flow.
南岛上的一些冰川 Some of the South Island's glaciers
挪动速度能达到一天7米 shift as much as seven meters a day.
融化的冰水推动它们前进 The melt water helps them move.
水流不断开路 突破到冰川底部 It carves its way through to the base of the glacier
使巨大冰块易于移动 Where it lubricates the mass of ice,
也使冰水能持续下流 allowing it to flow.
水流推动下的巨大冰块 The huge weight carried by the water
一路上融化最后形成山谷间壮丽的瀑布 grinds its way down the valleys in colossal cascades.
布莱恩发现 Brian is discovering that parts of
新西兰的部分冰川王国正在逐渐消逝 New Zealand's frozen kingdom are melting away.
甚至南岛上16英里长 600米深的最大冰川 Even the South Island's mightiest, the Tasman Glacier,
塔斯曼冰川也在逐渐后移并融化 16 miles long and 600 metres deep, is retreating.
冰川融化越多 流动速度就越快 And the more they melt, the faster they flow.
科学家们估计南阿尔卑斯山脉 Scientists estimate that the Southern Alps
在过去的40年内 have lost a third of their permanent snow and ice
已经流失了1/3的永久积雪和冰川 over the last 40 years.
冰川消失之后 露出支离破碎的陆地 As the ice retreats, it reveals a broken landscape.
这里很难找到一个稳固的立足点 A challenging place to get a foothold.
不过新西兰有很多伟大的登山运动员 But New Zealand has some remarkable mountaineers.
这是阿尔卑斯山地区的金凤花 It's alpine buttercup.
它们存在被落石摧毁的永久风险 At permanent risk of being destroyed by falling rocks.
它们生存的秘诀就在这些碎石下方 The secret to its survival lies beneath the scree -
水平分布生长的蛇一般的茎 a snakelike stem which grows horizontally.
它们在底下的茎储存养分 This is its underground larder.
如果茎被折断 新长出茎会继续生长 If a stem is snapped, a whole new plant can still grow.
像是这灰蒙蒙山间的一簇阳光 Creating a shower of sunshine across the grey mountainside
它们只是这里具有顽强生命力的植物之一 And they aren't the only hardy plants up here.
雪绒花有一层毛茸茸的覆盖层 Edelweiss has its own fleecy blanket
能够隔绝外界的严寒 as insulation against the cold.
这里还有一种植物 And there is one plant
能够将自己的叶子紧紧包裹在一起 which packs its leaves so tightly together
变成一块浓密的活毛毯 they become a dense living carpet.
拉沃尔菊尽可能紧贴着地面 Raoulia grows as low to the ground as possible,
生长在岩石上 just off the rocks,
那里的温度会比山上恶劣的气候 where it can be a few degrees warmer,
稍微暖和 tucked away from the harsh mountain weather.
南极风暴使得温度骤降 Antarctic storms bring a sudden drop in temperature.
严寒的气候和强风 Freezing conditions and gale-force winds
所到之处都死气沉沉 bring death in their wake.
要想在这里存活 必须先做好死亡的准备 To survive here, you have to be prepared to die here.
但是暴风雨一过 太阳就会出来 But the sun can return as quickly as the storm arrived.
即使在地下 温度稍微回升 And a rise of just a few degrees is enough to spark a thaw,
也足够令冰雪消融 even underground.
冰冻的土地上 一只生活在山石中的沙螽 Frozen solid, a mountain stone weta.
它拥有最出色的生存技巧 It has the most extraordinary survival technique of all.
还有能够起死回生的能力 The ability to come back from the dead.
只有在一个特殊的拍摄室中 Only in a specialised filming chamber
我们才能捕捉到它们的这种非凡才能 can we capture its extraordinary talent.
沙螽已经进化出了一种 The weta has developed special proteins which prevent
能够阻止冰晶进入细胞内的特殊蛋白质 ice crystals from forming inside its cells.
这是生活在温暖潮湿的史前森林中的祖先 A remarkable trick for a creature whose ancestors
遗传下来的非凡技能 once lived in prehistoric warm, wet forests.
但是 500万年前 But when New Zealand's mountains grew up beneath them,
新西兰的山脉在它们周围拔地而起时 around five million years ago,
它们为了能在这种致命温度下存活下来 they were forced to come up with this incredible ability
被迫进化出这种不可思议的能力 to survive near lethal temperatures.
解冻需要很多能量 Defrosting uses up a lot of energy.
山上的雪莓是很好的选择 So mountain snow berries are a welcome sight.
沙螽需要尽可能地储足粮食 The weta needs to stock up while it can.
下一场南极风暴可能预示着冬天的回归 The next Antarctic storm could be the return of winter.
它可以忍受自己身体的百分之八十被冻僵 It can tolerate over 80% of its body freezing solid,
并且可以在数周内连续保持这个状态 and can do so day-in and day-out for weeks at a time.
新西兰其他地方 Nowhere else in New Zealand
生存环境都没有这么严酷 does life go to such extremes to survive.
这里的所有生物都必须迎难而上 Every living thing here must rise
应对这片地区的极端挑战 to the challenges of this land's extremes.
当面临困境 In the face of adversity,
生灵找到了出人意料而又匠心独运的解决方式 life has found unexpected and ingenious solutions.
但是最令人印象深刻的是他们的韧性 But perhaps most striking of all is their resilience.
这是新西兰真正非凡的开拓精神 This is the true spirit of New Zealand's remarkable pioneers.
来到新西兰南阿尔卑斯山脉的游客们 Visitors to New Zealand's Southern Alps
可能会遭遇一个嘈杂的欢迎宴 are likely to be confronted by a noisy welcoming party.
食肉鹦鹉是这座山脉中最大胆的角色 Kea are the boldest characters in the mountains.
他们爱把喙部插入任何东西里试探 因此臭名昭著 Infamous for sticking their beaks into everything.
这些淘气的捣蛋鬼知道如何吸引别人 These mischievous vandals know how to charm.
但是这些欢快的相遇掩盖了一个令人担忧的现状 But these entertaining encounters mask a worrying situation.
食肉鹦鹉正在逐渐消失 Kea are slowly disappearing.
有人负责寻找它们消失的原因 One man is on a mission to find out why.
我认为人们忽略了一件事情 I think something that people are unaware of
那就是食肉鹦鹉事实上已经处于濒危状态 is that kea are actually quite endangered,
它们已经所剩不多了 and there's not many.
科里·莫森是食肉鹦鹉脑残粉 Corey Mosen is a kea fanatic.
我喜欢它们好奇的天性 I think I like their inquisitive nature
以及它们的厚脸皮 and how they're really cheeky.
他们可以轻易用计谋打败你 You know, they can outsmart you quite easily,
跟它们在一起工作每天都很有趣 and working with them is interesting every day.
过去近十年 科里都在试图 For nearly a decade, Cory has been trying
了解食肉鹦鹉种群退减的原因 to understand the kea's decline,
他并非独自一人 and he doesn't do it alone.
他有一个小助理 He has an assistant.
过来过来 Come here. Come here.
它名叫阿贾克斯 His name's Ajax.
它年幼时我就开始训练它 I've been training the dog since he was a puppy.
教它寻找食肉鹦鹉的巢穴 I've trained him to find kea nests.
它会跟随气味将我带到 So he will follow a scent and lead me to where
食肉鹦鹉进出巢穴的路线 a kea is going in and out of a hole.
阿贾克斯是这个世界上唯一一只食肉鹦鹉搜寻犬 Ajax is the only kea search dog in the world.
在灌木林中它是很好的伙伴 He's pretty good company in the bush
它能跟上我的脚步 and he can keep up with me.
食肉鹦鹉在新西兰某些最偏僻的地方繁殖 Kea breed in some of the most remote parts of New Zealand.
今天 科里和阿贾克斯将进行年度鹦鹉巢穴巡查 Today, Corey and Ajax are on their annual kea nest checkup
旅程为期两天 and have a two-day journey ahead of them.
有时候你必须翻山越岭 Sometimes you have to walk over a couple of mountains
深入山谷 and down into valleys,
然后穿越河流 绕过绝壁 and then up through some rivers and around some bluffs,
最终你会找到它们 but eventually you'll find where they are.
但是科里的任务正在变得一年比一年困难 But Corey's task is getting harder every year.
他开始巡查一些近处的巢穴 He starts by checking some closer nesting sites.
这些地方几年前还筑满了食肉鹦鹉的巢穴 Which, a few years ago, would have been full of kea families.
现在却空空如也 Now they're empty.
科里和阿贾克斯不得不更加深入荒野 Corey and Ajax are going to have to go further afield.
夜幕降临 他们扎起营地 With the light fading, they make camp for the night.
我最喜欢的事情就是待在野外 My favourite thing is just being outside.
我一年四季都在野外 不论雨雪交加 还是风和日丽 I am outside all the time, in the snow, in the rain, in the wind,
这使你感受到自己还活着 and it all just makes you feel alive.
第二天 他们很早就出发了 Next day, they set off early.
阿贾克斯通知我们 And Ajax announces
它已经找到了他们正在寻找的东西 he's found exactly what they're looking for.
这个地洞是为食肉鹦鹉挖掘的 而非为了它的追踪者 But this burrow is built for a kea, not for a kea tracker.
这里并不舒服 This is not comfortable.
为了研究它们 科里首先必须捕捉到它们 To study them, Corey first needs to catch them.
颈圈为了避免科里的手指受伤 A collar keeps Corey's fingers safe.
他小心翼翼地系上脚环 He carefully attaches a leg ring
记录细节 and records the details.
迅速抽取一点血液 A quick draw of blood adds to the
加入物种的基因库 genetic database for the species.
最后检查一下 把鹦鹉放回巢穴 A final check, and he releases the bird back to the nest,
鹦鹉毫发未损 none the worse for wear.
科里还有一项工作要做 But Corey has one more job to do.
食肉鹦鹉在地下筑巢的三个月期间 During the three months kea nest underground,
是极其脆弱的 they're extremely vulnerable.
我们在巢穴外放置了跟踪相机 We put a trail camera outside the kea nest
以监控来访的掠食者 to monitor for predator visits.
所以每当有什么东西接近巢穴的时候 So every time something moves outside the nest,
它就会拍下三张照片 it'll take three photos,
我们可以使用那些相片辨别 and we can use those photos to determine,
来访者是谁 you know, what's visiting the nests.
是食肉鹦鹉自己呢 还是鼬鼠 Whether it's just the keas or whether stoats
负鼠及老鼠时常骚扰它们 and possums and rats are annoying them, as well.
科里的追踪相机提供了独特的视角 Corey's trail-cams provide a unique insight
窥探食肉鹦鹉隐秘的生活 into the private life of kea.
但是它们也揭露了事实的真相 But they also reveal what is really going on.
从世界各地引进的食肉动物 Predatory mammals introduced from around the world
正在大批杀害新西兰的本土鸟类 are decimating New Zealand's native birds.
食肉鹦鹉是鼬鼠的盘中餐 Kea are easy prey for a stoat.
我担心它们可能会濒临灭绝 I fear that they might be approaching extinction
或者它们在野外销声匿迹 and that they will no longer be in the wild.
我们必须找到控制鼬鼠的方法 We need to find a way to control stoats.
鼬鼠是所有新西兰本土鸟类的 Stoats are the big number-one pest that affect
头号天敌 all New Zealand's native birds
如果没有鼬鼠的话 它们会好得多 and if they weren't here, they'd do a lot better.
在实施鼬鼠管控的地方 In areas where there are pest control,
食肉鹦鹉有机会生产幼崽 the kea actually have a chance of producing
使种群延续 young that make it out.
看到它们成年很棒 It's great to see them become adults,
在我们标记的幼雏活动之地 flying around the same area
飞来飞去 where we tagged them as chicks.
我希望在所有地方都能看到食肉鹦鹉 Oh, I'd like to see kea everywhere.
每次你去山里徒步的时候 Every time you go for a hike into the mountains
如果能路遇一只食肉鹦鹉 与它互动 it would be nice to have an interaction with a kea
是很美妙的事情 somewhere along the way
听它们在山林里鸣叫 and to hear them screaming in the hills
也是很棒的经历 and in the forest would be great.
感谢科里的辛勤工作 Thanks to Corey's hard work
我们意识到 虽然食肉鹦鹉天性聪明 we are realising that despite their clever nature,
但它们需要我们的帮助 kea need our help.
只有在我们的帮助下 新西兰的阿尔卑斯山谷 And only with our help will New Zealand's Alpine valleys
才能继续成为这种厚脸皮山王的领地 remain the realm of this cheeky mountain king.
下一集 Next time...
改变新西兰的新机遇 New opportunities transform New Zealand.
农夫的天堂 A farmer's paradise...
渔夫的梦想 a fisherman's dream...
新移民的乐土 and a playground for new arrivals.
举世闻名的保护区的家园 The home of world-renowned conservation...
在这里 不会飞的鹦鹉成为明星 where a flightless parrot discovers fame.