1 00:00:04,460 --> 00:00:06,680 welcome everyone to history today so 2 00:00:06,680 --> 00:00:06,690 welcome everyone to history today so 3 00:00:06,690 --> 00:00:08,419 welcome everyone to history today so this is a podcast our discussion of the 4 00:00:08,419 --> 00:00:08,429 this is a podcast our discussion of the 5 00:00:08,429 --> 00:00:10,100 this is a podcast our discussion of the way history makes its way into our daily 6 00:00:10,100 --> 00:00:10,110 way history makes its way into our daily 7 00:00:10,110 --> 00:00:12,440 way history makes its way into our daily lives today we'll be talking about how 8 00:00:12,440 --> 00:00:12,450 lives today we'll be talking about how 9 00:00:12,450 --> 00:00:14,060 lives today we'll be talking about how Vikings survived their winter 10 00:00:14,060 --> 00:00:14,070 Vikings survived their winter 11 00:00:14,070 --> 00:00:15,890 Vikings survived their winter experiences and how those experiences in 12 00:00:15,890 --> 00:00:15,900 experiences and how those experiences in 13 00:00:15,900 --> 00:00:19,130 experiences and how those experiences in turn shaped them as a culture so I am 14 00:00:19,130 --> 00:00:19,140 turn shaped them as a culture so I am 15 00:00:19,140 --> 00:00:21,170 turn shaped them as a culture so I am gonna be joined by James McMullen once 16 00:00:21,170 --> 00:00:21,180 gonna be joined by James McMullen once 17 00:00:21,180 --> 00:00:22,759 gonna be joined by James McMullen once again we had him on last time and we 18 00:00:22,759 --> 00:00:22,769 again we had him on last time and we 19 00:00:22,769 --> 00:00:24,080 again we had him on last time and we were discussing why the Vikings went 20 00:00:24,080 --> 00:00:24,090 were discussing why the Vikings went 21 00:00:24,090 --> 00:00:25,790 were discussing why the Vikings went west so now he's coming back and joining 22 00:00:25,790 --> 00:00:25,800 west so now he's coming back and joining 23 00:00:25,800 --> 00:00:27,500 west so now he's coming back and joining us but again I'll let him give you just 24 00:00:27,500 --> 00:00:27,510 us but again I'll let him give you just 25 00:00:27,510 --> 00:00:29,060 us but again I'll let him give you just a brief rundown of what he's all about 26 00:00:29,060 --> 00:00:29,070 a brief rundown of what he's all about 27 00:00:29,070 --> 00:00:32,569 a brief rundown of what he's all about hi Julian it's good to be back so just 28 00:00:32,569 --> 00:00:32,579 hi Julian it's good to be back so just 29 00:00:32,579 --> 00:00:33,979 hi Julian it's good to be back so just so everybody has an idea of what my 30 00:00:33,979 --> 00:00:33,989 so everybody has an idea of what my 31 00:00:33,989 --> 00:00:36,740 so everybody has an idea of what my background is I'm a museum with a 32 00:00:36,740 --> 00:00:36,750 background is I'm a museum with a 33 00:00:36,750 --> 00:00:38,840 background is I'm a museum with a master's degree in medieval Atlantic 34 00:00:38,840 --> 00:00:38,850 master's degree in medieval Atlantic 35 00:00:38,850 --> 00:00:40,940 master's degree in medieval Atlantic Studies as well so I kind of walk that 36 00:00:40,940 --> 00:00:40,950 Studies as well so I kind of walk that 37 00:00:40,950 --> 00:00:43,400 Studies as well so I kind of walk that fine line between medievalist and Musial 38 00:00:43,400 --> 00:00:43,410 fine line between medievalist and Musial 39 00:00:43,410 --> 00:00:46,940 fine line between medievalist and Musial adji and I currently live waging an 40 00:00:46,940 --> 00:00:46,950 adji and I currently live waging an 41 00:00:46,950 --> 00:00:48,619 adji and I currently live waging an eternal war on viking misinformation 42 00:00:48,619 --> 00:00:48,629 eternal war on viking misinformation 43 00:00:48,629 --> 00:00:51,200 eternal war on viking misinformation online if you want to watch me scream 44 00:00:51,200 --> 00:00:51,210 online if you want to watch me scream 45 00:00:51,210 --> 00:00:52,970 online if you want to watch me scream into the void about vikings museums 46 00:00:52,970 --> 00:00:52,980 into the void about vikings museums 47 00:00:52,980 --> 00:00:55,100 into the void about vikings museums politics things like that you can catch 48 00:00:55,100 --> 00:00:55,110 politics things like that you can catch 49 00:00:55,110 --> 00:00:58,520 politics things like that you can catch me on twitter at the viking jim perfect 50 00:00:58,520 --> 00:00:58,530 me on twitter at the viking jim perfect 51 00:00:58,530 --> 00:01:00,830 me on twitter at the viking jim perfect yeah so today we'll be talking about 52 00:01:00,830 --> 00:01:00,840 yeah so today we'll be talking about 53 00:01:00,840 --> 00:01:02,330 yeah so today we'll be talking about like I said the winter conditions of the 54 00:01:02,330 --> 00:01:02,340 like I said the winter conditions of the 55 00:01:02,340 --> 00:01:04,100 like I said the winter conditions of the Vikings so just as a general overview of 56 00:01:04,100 --> 00:01:04,110 Vikings so just as a general overview of 57 00:01:04,110 --> 00:01:05,630 Vikings so just as a general overview of what we discussing as hey what were the 58 00:01:05,630 --> 00:01:05,640 what we discussing as hey what were the 59 00:01:05,640 --> 00:01:07,789 what we discussing as hey what were the winter conditions like how did they 60 00:01:07,789 --> 00:01:07,799 winter conditions like how did they 61 00:01:07,799 --> 00:01:09,500 winter conditions like how did they survive them kind of in the short term 62 00:01:09,500 --> 00:01:09,510 survive them kind of in the short term 63 00:01:09,510 --> 00:01:11,060 survive them kind of in the short term and then how did the things that they 64 00:01:11,060 --> 00:01:11,070 and then how did the things that they 65 00:01:11,070 --> 00:01:13,460 and then how did the things that they did you know to survive winter impact 66 00:01:13,460 --> 00:01:13,470 did you know to survive winter impact 67 00:01:13,470 --> 00:01:15,920 did you know to survive winter impact them in a more macro sense in terms of 68 00:01:15,920 --> 00:01:15,930 them in a more macro sense in terms of 69 00:01:15,930 --> 00:01:17,719 them in a more macro sense in terms of their culture and religion so we'll 70 00:01:17,719 --> 00:01:17,729 their culture and religion so we'll 71 00:01:17,729 --> 00:01:19,039 their culture and religion so we'll start off with the weather conditions 72 00:01:19,039 --> 00:01:19,049 start off with the weather conditions 73 00:01:19,049 --> 00:01:21,710 start off with the weather conditions first so the first question I had were 74 00:01:21,710 --> 00:01:21,720 first so the first question I had were 75 00:01:21,720 --> 00:01:23,300 first so the first question I had were you know how long were these winners how 76 00:01:23,300 --> 00:01:23,310 you know how long were these winners how 77 00:01:23,310 --> 00:01:24,770 you know how long were these winners how was their severity and I know you have 78 00:01:24,770 --> 00:01:24,780 was their severity and I know you have 79 00:01:24,780 --> 00:01:26,749 was their severity and I know you have some experience because you've been in 80 00:01:26,749 --> 00:01:26,759 some experience because you've been in 81 00:01:26,759 --> 00:01:28,640 some experience because you've been in some of the countries that the Vikings 82 00:01:28,640 --> 00:01:28,650 some of the countries that the Vikings 83 00:01:28,650 --> 00:01:31,700 some of the countries that the Vikings occupied as well yeah I mean I lived in 84 00:01:31,700 --> 00:01:31,710 occupied as well yeah I mean I lived in 85 00:01:31,710 --> 00:01:34,340 occupied as well yeah I mean I lived in Iceland for a while and winter there 86 00:01:34,340 --> 00:01:34,350 Iceland for a while and winter there 87 00:01:34,350 --> 00:01:37,310 Iceland for a while and winter there lasts about as long as you would expect 88 00:01:37,310 --> 00:01:37,320 lasts about as long as you would expect 89 00:01:37,320 --> 00:01:39,649 lasts about as long as you would expect it would three three and a half four 90 00:01:39,649 --> 00:01:39,659 it would three three and a half four 91 00:01:39,659 --> 00:01:42,440 it would three three and a half four months around there the thing is that 92 00:01:42,440 --> 00:01:42,450 months around there the thing is that 93 00:01:42,450 --> 00:01:44,749 months around there the thing is that what we've got as far as information for 94 00:01:44,749 --> 00:01:44,759 what we've got as far as information for 95 00:01:44,759 --> 00:01:47,270 what we've got as far as information for the duration of seasons during the 96 00:01:47,270 --> 00:01:47,280 the duration of seasons during the 97 00:01:47,280 --> 00:01:49,310 the duration of seasons during the Viking Age and early medieval period in 98 00:01:49,310 --> 00:01:49,320 Viking Age and early medieval period in 99 00:01:49,320 --> 00:01:52,280 Viking Age and early medieval period in Scandinavia they're basically showing us 100 00:01:52,280 --> 00:01:52,290 Scandinavia they're basically showing us 101 00:01:52,290 --> 00:01:54,469 Scandinavia they're basically showing us that they're roughly the same length as 102 00:01:54,469 --> 00:01:54,479 that they're roughly the same length as 103 00:01:54,479 --> 00:01:56,179 that they're roughly the same length as they are today generally from mid 104 00:01:56,179 --> 00:01:56,189 they are today generally from mid 105 00:01:56,189 --> 00:01:59,359 they are today generally from mid October or early November through until 106 00:01:59,359 --> 00:01:59,369 October or early November through until 107 00:01:59,369 --> 00:02:02,389 October or early November through until late January or mid March of course 108 00:02:02,389 --> 00:02:02,399 late January or mid March of course 109 00:02:02,399 --> 00:02:04,969 late January or mid March of course there are anomalies from year to year 110 00:02:04,969 --> 00:02:04,979 there are anomalies from year to year 111 00:02:04,979 --> 00:02:07,639 there are anomalies from year to year longer shorter winters can and 112 00:02:07,639 --> 00:02:07,649 longer shorter winters can and 113 00:02:07,649 --> 00:02:10,249 longer shorter winters can and definitely do happen and you know we 114 00:02:10,249 --> 00:02:10,259 definitely do happen and you know we 115 00:02:10,259 --> 00:02:13,520 definitely do happen and you know we have sources we have 116 00:02:13,520 --> 00:02:13,530 have sources we have 117 00:02:13,530 --> 00:02:16,040 have sources we have that will give it for later periods once 118 00:02:16,040 --> 00:02:16,050 that will give it for later periods once 119 00:02:16,050 --> 00:02:17,960 that will give it for later periods once we start getting more of the written 120 00:02:17,960 --> 00:02:17,970 we start getting more of the written 121 00:02:17,970 --> 00:02:20,840 we start getting more of the written records and more annals coming in for 122 00:02:20,840 --> 00:02:20,850 records and more annals coming in for 123 00:02:20,850 --> 00:02:23,030 records and more annals coming in for Scandinavia but for that particular 124 00:02:23,030 --> 00:02:23,040 Scandinavia but for that particular 125 00:02:23,040 --> 00:02:24,050 Scandinavia but for that particular period we're looking at we're actually 126 00:02:24,050 --> 00:02:24,060 period we're looking at we're actually 127 00:02:24,060 --> 00:02:25,610 period we're looking at we're actually kind of relying on our keel 128 00:02:25,610 --> 00:02:25,620 kind of relying on our keel 129 00:02:25,620 --> 00:02:28,880 kind of relying on our keel climatological data so we don't have 130 00:02:28,880 --> 00:02:28,890 climatological data so we don't have 131 00:02:28,890 --> 00:02:30,320 climatological data so we don't have anything really written to say that this 132 00:02:30,320 --> 00:02:30,330 anything really written to say that this 133 00:02:30,330 --> 00:02:32,330 anything really written to say that this was a particularly long or particularly 134 00:02:32,330 --> 00:02:32,340 was a particularly long or particularly 135 00:02:32,340 --> 00:02:36,200 was a particularly long or particularly hard winter that was contemporary but 136 00:02:36,200 --> 00:02:36,210 hard winter that was contemporary but 137 00:02:36,210 --> 00:02:38,330 hard winter that was contemporary but again you know we can't expect anything 138 00:02:38,330 --> 00:02:38,340 again you know we can't expect anything 139 00:02:38,340 --> 00:02:41,780 again you know we can't expect anything to go too far out of the normal but they 140 00:02:41,780 --> 00:02:41,790 to go too far out of the normal but they 141 00:02:41,790 --> 00:02:43,400 to go too far out of the normal but they do happen as anybody who is in the 142 00:02:43,400 --> 00:02:43,410 do happen as anybody who is in the 143 00:02:43,410 --> 00:02:45,110 do happen as anybody who is in the northeast part of the US or in Ontario 144 00:02:45,110 --> 00:02:45,120 northeast part of the US or in Ontario 145 00:02:45,120 --> 00:02:48,080 northeast part of the US or in Ontario is aware you know it's late April and 146 00:02:48,080 --> 00:02:48,090 is aware you know it's late April and 147 00:02:48,090 --> 00:02:49,880 is aware you know it's late April and we're just coming out of the deep freeze 148 00:02:49,880 --> 00:02:49,890 we're just coming out of the deep freeze 149 00:02:49,890 --> 00:02:53,090 we're just coming out of the deep freeze the sudden deep freeze now so they have 150 00:02:53,090 --> 00:02:53,100 the sudden deep freeze now so they have 151 00:02:53,100 --> 00:02:54,860 the sudden deep freeze now so they have so that's the main thing for people who 152 00:02:54,860 --> 00:02:54,870 so that's the main thing for people who 153 00:02:54,870 --> 00:02:56,180 so that's the main thing for people who aren't maybe accustomed to the far 154 00:02:56,180 --> 00:02:56,190 aren't maybe accustomed to the far 155 00:02:56,190 --> 00:02:58,699 aren't maybe accustomed to the far northern hemisphere it's just you know 156 00:02:58,699 --> 00:02:58,709 northern hemisphere it's just you know 157 00:02:58,709 --> 00:03:02,000 northern hemisphere it's just you know the summers and winters are yes long but 158 00:03:02,000 --> 00:03:02,010 the summers and winters are yes long but 159 00:03:02,010 --> 00:03:03,530 the summers and winters are yes long but also they're a bit more severe and 160 00:03:03,530 --> 00:03:03,540 also they're a bit more severe and 161 00:03:03,540 --> 00:03:05,240 also they're a bit more severe and drastic so in the summer the sun's out 162 00:03:05,240 --> 00:03:05,250 drastic so in the summer the sun's out 163 00:03:05,250 --> 00:03:06,650 drastic so in the summer the sun's out longer but the winner the sun's down 164 00:03:06,650 --> 00:03:06,660 longer but the winner the sun's down 165 00:03:06,660 --> 00:03:08,270 longer but the winner the sun's down longer as well so it's not just how long 166 00:03:08,270 --> 00:03:08,280 longer as well so it's not just how long 167 00:03:08,280 --> 00:03:09,410 longer as well so it's not just how long does it last but what are the conditions 168 00:03:09,410 --> 00:03:09,420 does it last but what are the conditions 169 00:03:09,420 --> 00:03:12,770 does it last but what are the conditions like exactly it can get real dark real 170 00:03:12,770 --> 00:03:12,780 like exactly it can get real dark real 171 00:03:12,780 --> 00:03:16,100 like exactly it can get real dark real quick and last for a good long time and 172 00:03:16,100 --> 00:03:16,110 quick and last for a good long time and 173 00:03:16,110 --> 00:03:18,020 quick and last for a good long time and then you had actually in our discussion 174 00:03:18,020 --> 00:03:18,030 then you had actually in our discussion 175 00:03:18,030 --> 00:03:20,000 then you had actually in our discussion prior to this talked about I think it 176 00:03:20,000 --> 00:03:20,010 prior to this talked about I think it 177 00:03:20,010 --> 00:03:22,250 prior to this talked about I think it was Sebastian at Goulet who had started 178 00:03:22,250 --> 00:03:22,260 was Sebastian at Goulet who had started 179 00:03:22,260 --> 00:03:24,140 was Sebastian at Goulet who had started to put back like a reconstruction of the 180 00:03:24,140 --> 00:03:24,150 to put back like a reconstruction of the 181 00:03:24,150 --> 00:03:25,130 to put back like a reconstruction of the weather I thought that was kind of 182 00:03:25,130 --> 00:03:25,140 weather I thought that was kind of 183 00:03:25,140 --> 00:03:27,250 weather I thought that was kind of interesting yeah there's actually 184 00:03:27,250 --> 00:03:27,260 interesting yeah there's actually 185 00:03:27,260 --> 00:03:30,620 interesting yeah there's actually Sebastian Gillett and he has a whole 186 00:03:30,620 --> 00:03:30,630 Sebastian Gillett and he has a whole 187 00:03:30,630 --> 00:03:33,530 Sebastian Gillett and he has a whole team working with him and we'll there's 188 00:03:33,530 --> 00:03:33,540 team working with him and we'll there's 189 00:03:33,540 --> 00:03:36,430 team working with him and we'll there's a link that I've got to a study from the 190 00:03:36,430 --> 00:03:36,440 a link that I've got to a study from the 191 00:03:36,440 --> 00:03:38,140 a link that I've got to a study from the NCDC 192 00:03:38,140 --> 00:03:38,150 NCDC 193 00:03:38,150 --> 00:03:42,080 NCDC it's part of the the National 194 00:03:42,080 --> 00:03:42,090 it's part of the the National 195 00:03:42,090 --> 00:03:45,440 it's part of the the National Oceanographic Association in the States 196 00:03:45,440 --> 00:03:45,450 Oceanographic Association in the States 197 00:03:45,450 --> 00:03:48,050 Oceanographic Association in the States they did a 1500 year reconstruction of 198 00:03:48,050 --> 00:03:48,060 they did a 1500 year reconstruction of 199 00:03:48,060 --> 00:03:52,550 they did a 1500 year reconstruction of weather for Scandinavia and you know we 200 00:03:52,550 --> 00:03:52,560 weather for Scandinavia and you know we 201 00:03:52,560 --> 00:03:54,500 weather for Scandinavia and you know we can see for the period we're talking 202 00:03:54,500 --> 00:03:54,510 can see for the period we're talking 203 00:03:54,510 --> 00:03:58,699 can see for the period we're talking about we're looking at some fluctuations 204 00:03:58,699 --> 00:03:58,709 about we're looking at some fluctuations 205 00:03:58,709 --> 00:04:01,009 about we're looking at some fluctuations in temperature of course but they don't 206 00:04:01,009 --> 00:04:01,019 in temperature of course but they don't 207 00:04:01,019 --> 00:04:05,660 in temperature of course but they don't get too bad nothing really much more 208 00:04:05,660 --> 00:04:05,670 get too bad nothing really much more 209 00:04:05,670 --> 00:04:07,550 get too bad nothing really much more than about one point eight degrees below 210 00:04:07,550 --> 00:04:07,560 than about one point eight degrees below 211 00:04:07,560 --> 00:04:10,660 than about one point eight degrees below average and that's in degrees Celsius 212 00:04:10,660 --> 00:04:10,670 average and that's in degrees Celsius 213 00:04:10,670 --> 00:04:13,810 average and that's in degrees Celsius about 1.8 degrees below average for 214 00:04:13,810 --> 00:04:13,820 about 1.8 degrees below average for 215 00:04:13,820 --> 00:04:17,210 about 1.8 degrees below average for temperatures in 800c was about the 216 00:04:17,210 --> 00:04:17,220 temperatures in 800c was about the 217 00:04:17,220 --> 00:04:20,300 temperatures in 800c was about the coldest the biggest swing downward for 218 00:04:20,300 --> 00:04:20,310 coldest the biggest swing downward for 219 00:04:20,310 --> 00:04:23,630 coldest the biggest swing downward for temperature to about 1.4 degrees Celsius 220 00:04:23,630 --> 00:04:23,640 temperature to about 1.4 degrees Celsius 221 00:04:23,640 --> 00:04:26,850 temperature to about 1.4 degrees Celsius above average in 990 and 222 00:04:26,850 --> 00:04:26,860 above average in 990 and 223 00:04:26,860 --> 00:04:29,040 above average in 990 and 10:09 see so you know there's a swing 224 00:04:29,040 --> 00:04:29,050 10:09 see so you know there's a swing 225 00:04:29,050 --> 00:04:31,320 10:09 see so you know there's a swing there but not a huge swing so they don't 226 00:04:31,320 --> 00:04:31,330 there but not a huge swing so they don't 227 00:04:31,330 --> 00:04:35,909 there but not a huge swing so they don't get terrifically severe or terrifically 228 00:04:35,909 --> 00:04:35,919 get terrifically severe or terrifically 229 00:04:35,919 --> 00:04:38,520 get terrifically severe or terrifically drastic changes in weather during this 230 00:04:38,520 --> 00:04:38,530 drastic changes in weather during this 231 00:04:38,530 --> 00:04:41,010 drastic changes in weather during this during the Viking Age so you know from 232 00:04:41,010 --> 00:04:41,020 during the Viking Age so you know from 233 00:04:41,020 --> 00:04:44,999 during the Viking Age so you know from about 700 to about 1100 if we're gonna 234 00:04:44,999 --> 00:04:45,009 about 700 to about 1100 if we're gonna 235 00:04:45,009 --> 00:04:47,399 about 700 to about 1100 if we're gonna look in that range there's it's a pretty 236 00:04:47,399 --> 00:04:47,409 look in that range there's it's a pretty 237 00:04:47,409 --> 00:04:51,600 look in that range there's it's a pretty calm weather or climate climatological 238 00:04:51,600 --> 00:04:51,610 calm weather or climate climatological 239 00:04:51,610 --> 00:04:55,980 calm weather or climate climatological period at that point however that said 240 00:04:55,980 --> 00:04:55,990 period at that point however that said 241 00:04:55,990 --> 00:04:58,230 period at that point however that said having lived in Iceland for a while and 242 00:04:58,230 --> 00:04:58,240 having lived in Iceland for a while and 243 00:04:58,240 --> 00:05:00,540 having lived in Iceland for a while and having just gotten out of the eternal 244 00:05:00,540 --> 00:05:00,550 having just gotten out of the eternal 245 00:05:00,550 --> 00:05:03,269 having just gotten out of the eternal winter here in Canada you know being 246 00:05:03,269 --> 00:05:03,279 winter here in Canada you know being 247 00:05:03,279 --> 00:05:06,510 winter here in Canada you know being outside in even a slightly unsettled 248 00:05:06,510 --> 00:05:06,520 outside in even a slightly unsettled 249 00:05:06,520 --> 00:05:07,679 outside in even a slightly unsettled weather you know even a couple degrees 250 00:05:07,679 --> 00:05:07,689 weather you know even a couple degrees 251 00:05:07,689 --> 00:05:11,070 weather you know even a couple degrees colder than average it's really 252 00:05:11,070 --> 00:05:11,080 colder than average it's really 253 00:05:11,080 --> 00:05:12,510 colder than average it's really unpleasant especially if you're just 254 00:05:12,510 --> 00:05:12,520 unpleasant especially if you're just 255 00:05:12,520 --> 00:05:13,950 unpleasant especially if you're just going out there with not much more than 256 00:05:13,950 --> 00:05:13,960 going out there with not much more than 257 00:05:13,960 --> 00:05:16,290 going out there with not much more than you know leather fur and wool to keep 258 00:05:16,290 --> 00:05:16,300 you know leather fur and wool to keep 259 00:05:16,300 --> 00:05:19,260 you know leather fur and wool to keep you warm wind especially makes things 260 00:05:19,260 --> 00:05:19,270 you warm wind especially makes things 261 00:05:19,270 --> 00:05:21,600 you warm wind especially makes things uncomfortable really uncomfortably cold 262 00:05:21,600 --> 00:05:21,610 uncomfortable really uncomfortably cold 263 00:05:21,610 --> 00:05:23,580 uncomfortable really uncomfortably cold and moist air coming off audiences 264 00:05:23,580 --> 00:05:23,590 and moist air coming off audiences 265 00:05:23,590 --> 00:05:25,860 and moist air coming off audiences unfrozen water like the ocean makes 266 00:05:25,860 --> 00:05:25,870 unfrozen water like the ocean makes 267 00:05:25,870 --> 00:05:28,439 unfrozen water like the ocean makes extremely heavy snowfalls under the 268 00:05:28,439 --> 00:05:28,449 extremely heavy snowfalls under the 269 00:05:28,449 --> 00:05:30,930 extremely heavy snowfalls under the right circumstances and otherwise it's 270 00:05:30,930 --> 00:05:30,940 right circumstances and otherwise it's 271 00:05:30,940 --> 00:05:33,119 right circumstances and otherwise it's just kind of generally miserable so I'm 272 00:05:33,119 --> 00:05:33,129 just kind of generally miserable so I'm 273 00:05:33,129 --> 00:05:34,980 just kind of generally miserable so I'm not saying it's a winter wonderland but 274 00:05:34,980 --> 00:05:34,990 not saying it's a winter wonderland but 275 00:05:34,990 --> 00:05:38,790 not saying it's a winter wonderland but it is not necessarily too far removed 276 00:05:38,790 --> 00:05:38,800 it is not necessarily too far removed 277 00:05:38,800 --> 00:05:41,129 it is not necessarily too far removed from what people who are who are living 278 00:05:41,129 --> 00:05:41,139 from what people who are who are living 279 00:05:41,139 --> 00:05:45,149 from what people who are who are living there now experience that's it yeah 280 00:05:45,149 --> 00:05:45,159 there now experience that's it yeah 281 00:05:45,159 --> 00:05:46,050 there now experience that's it yeah sorry go ahead 282 00:05:46,050 --> 00:05:46,060 sorry go ahead 283 00:05:46,060 --> 00:05:47,519 sorry go ahead no they're saying no that's a good way a 284 00:05:47,519 --> 00:05:47,529 no they're saying no that's a good way a 285 00:05:47,529 --> 00:05:49,050 no they're saying no that's a good way a good way to put it so if you want if 286 00:05:49,050 --> 00:05:49,060 good way to put it so if you want if 287 00:05:49,060 --> 00:05:50,579 good way to put it so if you want if you're looking to relive that type of 288 00:05:50,579 --> 00:05:50,589 you're looking to relive that type of 289 00:05:50,589 --> 00:05:52,619 you're looking to relive that type of experience go strap on some furs and go 290 00:05:52,619 --> 00:05:52,629 experience go strap on some furs and go 291 00:05:52,629 --> 00:05:53,850 experience go strap on some furs and go stand out there and you can kind of get 292 00:05:53,850 --> 00:05:53,860 stand out there and you can kind of get 293 00:05:53,860 --> 00:05:55,950 stand out there and you can kind of get the same winter blast that they got yeah 294 00:05:55,950 --> 00:05:55,960 the same winter blast that they got yeah 295 00:05:55,960 --> 00:05:59,879 the same winter blast that they got yeah you do and that said though before the 296 00:05:59,879 --> 00:05:59,889 you do and that said though before the 297 00:05:59,889 --> 00:06:01,740 you do and that said though before the lake engage during what's referred to as 298 00:06:01,740 --> 00:06:01,750 lake engage during what's referred to as 299 00:06:01,750 --> 00:06:04,019 lake engage during what's referred to as the Dark Ages cool period there were 300 00:06:04,019 --> 00:06:04,029 the Dark Ages cool period there were 301 00:06:04,029 --> 00:06:06,510 the Dark Ages cool period there were absolutely much lower temperatures than 302 00:06:06,510 --> 00:06:06,520 absolutely much lower temperatures than 303 00:06:06,520 --> 00:06:07,170 absolutely much lower temperatures than normal 304 00:06:07,170 --> 00:06:07,180 normal 305 00:06:07,180 --> 00:06:09,329 normal get much more than two degrees below 306 00:06:09,329 --> 00:06:09,339 get much more than two degrees below 307 00:06:09,339 --> 00:06:12,420 get much more than two degrees below Celsius or two degrees Celsius below the 308 00:06:12,420 --> 00:06:12,430 Celsius or two degrees Celsius below the 309 00:06:12,430 --> 00:06:14,339 Celsius or two degrees Celsius below the average temperature and that's in the 310 00:06:14,339 --> 00:06:14,349 average temperature and that's in the 311 00:06:14,349 --> 00:06:16,589 average temperature and that's in the summers so in the winter it's gonna be a 312 00:06:16,589 --> 00:06:16,599 summers so in the winter it's gonna be a 313 00:06:16,599 --> 00:06:19,350 summers so in the winter it's gonna be a lot colder there's actually theories 314 00:06:19,350 --> 00:06:19,360 lot colder there's actually theories 315 00:06:19,360 --> 00:06:21,360 lot colder there's actually theories coming around from people like focus 316 00:06:21,360 --> 00:06:21,370 coming around from people like focus 317 00:06:21,370 --> 00:06:25,439 coming around from people like focus from and Neil Price who have who have 318 00:06:25,439 --> 00:06:25,449 from and Neil Price who have who have 319 00:06:25,449 --> 00:06:27,329 from and Neil Price who have who have kind of posited that these sudden 320 00:06:27,329 --> 00:06:27,339 kind of posited that these sudden 321 00:06:27,339 --> 00:06:30,679 kind of posited that these sudden drastic drops in temperature are 322 00:06:30,679 --> 00:06:30,689 drastic drops in temperature are 323 00:06:30,689 --> 00:06:35,670 drastic drops in temperature are possibly the genesis for the the stories 324 00:06:35,670 --> 00:06:35,680 possibly the genesis for the the stories 325 00:06:35,680 --> 00:06:38,129 possibly the genesis for the the stories of Jim brevet the the eternal winter 326 00:06:38,129 --> 00:06:38,139 of Jim brevet the the eternal winter 327 00:06:38,139 --> 00:06:40,199 of Jim brevet the the eternal winter that procedures Ragnarok at the end of 328 00:06:40,199 --> 00:06:40,209 that procedures Ragnarok at the end of 329 00:06:40,209 --> 00:06:40,320 that procedures Ragnarok at the end of the 330 00:06:40,320 --> 00:06:40,330 the 331 00:06:40,330 --> 00:06:43,649 the gods it's a really interesting theory if 332 00:06:43,649 --> 00:06:43,659 gods it's a really interesting theory if 333 00:06:43,659 --> 00:06:46,830 gods it's a really interesting theory if you're interested in finding out more 334 00:06:46,830 --> 00:06:46,840 you're interested in finding out more 335 00:06:46,840 --> 00:06:49,920 you're interested in finding out more about that focused Rome had did a did 336 00:06:49,920 --> 00:06:49,930 about that focused Rome had did a did 337 00:06:49,930 --> 00:06:54,089 about that focused Rome had did a did his book in the believe the 60s and Neil 338 00:06:54,089 --> 00:06:54,099 his book in the believe the 60s and Neil 339 00:06:54,099 --> 00:06:57,390 his book in the believe the 60s and Neil price has has put out some stuff on that 340 00:06:57,390 --> 00:06:57,400 price has has put out some stuff on that 341 00:06:57,400 --> 00:06:59,879 price has has put out some stuff on that more recently talking about the 342 00:06:59,879 --> 00:06:59,889 more recently talking about the 343 00:06:59,889 --> 00:07:02,309 more recently talking about the relationship there so yeah that I was 344 00:07:02,309 --> 00:07:02,319 relationship there so yeah that I was 345 00:07:02,319 --> 00:07:03,029 relationship there so yeah that I was reading at a National Geographic 346 00:07:03,029 --> 00:07:03,039 reading at a National Geographic 347 00:07:03,039 --> 00:07:05,279 reading at a National Geographic Geographic article had mentioned you 348 00:07:05,279 --> 00:07:05,289 Geographic article had mentioned you 349 00:07:05,289 --> 00:07:06,990 Geographic article had mentioned you know starting around eighty five thirty 350 00:07:06,990 --> 00:07:07,000 know starting around eighty five thirty 351 00:07:07,000 --> 00:07:09,839 know starting around eighty five thirty six you get this general cooling in the 352 00:07:09,839 --> 00:07:09,849 six you get this general cooling in the 353 00:07:09,849 --> 00:07:11,520 six you get this general cooling in the northern hemisphere and they were 354 00:07:11,520 --> 00:07:11,530 northern hemisphere and they were 355 00:07:11,530 --> 00:07:13,589 northern hemisphere and they were attributing this to some volcanic 356 00:07:13,589 --> 00:07:13,599 attributing this to some volcanic 357 00:07:13,599 --> 00:07:16,320 attributing this to some volcanic activity perhaps even you know dust 358 00:07:16,320 --> 00:07:16,330 activity perhaps even you know dust 359 00:07:16,330 --> 00:07:18,480 activity perhaps even you know dust coming in from comets entering the 360 00:07:18,480 --> 00:07:18,490 coming in from comets entering the 361 00:07:18,490 --> 00:07:20,309 coming in from comets entering the atmosphere or whatever but essentially 362 00:07:20,309 --> 00:07:20,319 atmosphere or whatever but essentially 363 00:07:20,319 --> 00:07:21,930 atmosphere or whatever but essentially what the article was stating is that 364 00:07:21,930 --> 00:07:21,940 what the article was stating is that 365 00:07:21,940 --> 00:07:24,390 what the article was stating is that they had this extended cold period in 366 00:07:24,390 --> 00:07:24,400 they had this extended cold period in 367 00:07:24,400 --> 00:07:25,290 they had this extended cold period in the northern hemisphere and in 368 00:07:25,290 --> 00:07:25,300 the northern hemisphere and in 369 00:07:25,300 --> 00:07:29,219 the northern hemisphere and in Scandinavia in particular part of the 370 00:07:29,219 --> 00:07:29,229 Scandinavia in particular part of the 371 00:07:29,229 --> 00:07:31,439 Scandinavia in particular part of the article was quoting you know nearly 75% 372 00:07:31,439 --> 00:07:31,449 article was quoting you know nearly 75% 373 00:07:31,449 --> 00:07:33,119 article was quoting you know nearly 75% of villages were abandoned this wasn't a 374 00:07:33,119 --> 00:07:33,129 of villages were abandoned this wasn't a 375 00:07:33,129 --> 00:07:34,439 of villages were abandoned this wasn't a particular region in Sweden where they 376 00:07:34,439 --> 00:07:34,449 particular region in Sweden where they 377 00:07:34,449 --> 00:07:36,749 particular region in Sweden where they were looking at but still it does kind 378 00:07:36,749 --> 00:07:36,759 were looking at but still it does kind 379 00:07:36,759 --> 00:07:38,459 were looking at but still it does kind of show the drastic changes that this 380 00:07:38,459 --> 00:07:38,469 of show the drastic changes that this 381 00:07:38,469 --> 00:07:39,600 of show the drastic changes that this could have even if it was over a 382 00:07:39,600 --> 00:07:39,610 could have even if it was over a 383 00:07:39,610 --> 00:07:41,369 could have even if it was over a relatively small period still pretty 384 00:07:41,369 --> 00:07:41,379 relatively small period still pretty 385 00:07:41,379 --> 00:07:42,890 relatively small period still pretty devastating and that kind of cultural 386 00:07:42,890 --> 00:07:42,900 devastating and that kind of cultural 387 00:07:42,900 --> 00:07:44,820 devastating and that kind of cultural shock is something that can resonate 388 00:07:44,820 --> 00:07:44,830 shock is something that can resonate 389 00:07:44,830 --> 00:07:47,640 shock is something that can resonate down the lines absolutely and I mean you 390 00:07:47,640 --> 00:07:47,650 down the lines absolutely and I mean you 391 00:07:47,650 --> 00:07:50,550 down the lines absolutely and I mean you got to keep in mind a two degree drop in 392 00:07:50,550 --> 00:07:50,560 got to keep in mind a two degree drop in 393 00:07:50,560 --> 00:07:55,019 got to keep in mind a two degree drop in temperature on average is huge if it 394 00:07:55,019 --> 00:07:55,029 temperature on average is huge if it 395 00:07:55,029 --> 00:07:56,969 temperature on average is huge if it happens in one year okay that's just a 396 00:07:56,969 --> 00:07:56,979 happens in one year okay that's just a 397 00:07:56,979 --> 00:07:59,010 happens in one year okay that's just a really cold year but I mean this is 398 00:07:59,010 --> 00:07:59,020 really cold year but I mean this is 399 00:07:59,020 --> 00:08:01,140 really cold year but I mean this is happening over the course of 14 years 400 00:08:01,140 --> 00:08:01,150 happening over the course of 14 years 401 00:08:01,150 --> 00:08:03,540 happening over the course of 14 years that these temperatures are lowered by 402 00:08:03,540 --> 00:08:03,550 that these temperatures are lowered by 403 00:08:03,550 --> 00:08:06,540 that these temperatures are lowered by this huge amount so yeah just massive 404 00:08:06,540 --> 00:08:06,550 this huge amount so yeah just massive 405 00:08:06,550 --> 00:08:09,240 this huge amount so yeah just massive massive damage to the the climate or 406 00:08:09,240 --> 00:08:09,250 massive damage to the the climate or 407 00:08:09,250 --> 00:08:10,709 massive damage to the the climate or change in the climate are they're 408 00:08:10,709 --> 00:08:10,719 change in the climate are they're 409 00:08:10,719 --> 00:08:12,329 change in the climate are they're dealing massive damage to the sort of 410 00:08:12,329 --> 00:08:12,339 dealing massive damage to the sort of 411 00:08:12,339 --> 00:08:14,339 dealing massive damage to the sort of Agriculture and environment that people 412 00:08:14,339 --> 00:08:14,349 Agriculture and environment that people 413 00:08:14,349 --> 00:08:17,519 Agriculture and environment that people are used to relying on yeah you run into 414 00:08:17,519 --> 00:08:17,529 are used to relying on yeah you run into 415 00:08:17,529 --> 00:08:20,219 are used to relying on yeah you run into food shortages you run into sorta jhin's 416 00:08:20,219 --> 00:08:20,229 food shortages you run into sorta jhin's 417 00:08:20,229 --> 00:08:22,409 food shortages you run into sorta jhin's of game which in turn runs into 418 00:08:22,409 --> 00:08:22,419 of game which in turn runs into 419 00:08:22,419 --> 00:08:24,119 of game which in turn runs into shortages of raw materials to keep 420 00:08:24,119 --> 00:08:24,129 shortages of raw materials to keep 421 00:08:24,129 --> 00:08:27,180 shortages of raw materials to keep yourself warm trees don't grow as fast 422 00:08:27,180 --> 00:08:27,190 yourself warm trees don't grow as fast 423 00:08:27,190 --> 00:08:31,140 yourself warm trees don't grow as fast or as tall or as strong which means what 424 00:08:31,140 --> 00:08:31,150 or as tall or as strong which means what 425 00:08:31,150 --> 00:08:34,529 or as tall or as strong which means what you're looking for for you know creating 426 00:08:34,529 --> 00:08:34,539 you're looking for for you know creating 427 00:08:34,539 --> 00:08:36,750 you're looking for for you know creating charcoal to burn to keep yourself warm 428 00:08:36,750 --> 00:08:36,760 charcoal to burn to keep yourself warm 429 00:08:36,760 --> 00:08:38,880 charcoal to burn to keep yourself warm that's not there quite as much you're 430 00:08:38,880 --> 00:08:38,890 that's not there quite as much you're 431 00:08:38,890 --> 00:08:40,829 that's not there quite as much you're you're you're experiencing this sort of 432 00:08:40,829 --> 00:08:40,839 you're you're experiencing this sort of 433 00:08:40,839 --> 00:08:44,250 you're you're experiencing this sort of environmental catastrophe with a drop so 434 00:08:44,250 --> 00:08:44,260 environmental catastrophe with a drop so 435 00:08:44,260 --> 00:08:47,069 environmental catastrophe with a drop so drastically and so quickly that lasts 436 00:08:47,069 --> 00:08:47,079 drastically and so quickly that lasts 437 00:08:47,079 --> 00:08:51,030 drastically and so quickly that lasts for so long kind of be the the mirror 438 00:08:51,030 --> 00:08:51,040 for so long kind of be the the mirror 439 00:08:51,040 --> 00:08:53,309 for so long kind of be the the mirror image of what's happening contemporarily 440 00:08:53,309 --> 00:08:53,319 image of what's happening contemporarily 441 00:08:53,319 --> 00:08:54,120 image of what's happening contemporarily with 442 00:08:54,120 --> 00:08:54,130 with 443 00:08:54,130 --> 00:08:55,530 with an increase in temperature you know a 444 00:08:55,530 --> 00:08:55,540 an increase in temperature you know a 445 00:08:55,540 --> 00:08:56,970 an increase in temperature you know a two degree increase in the average 446 00:08:56,970 --> 00:08:56,980 two degree increase in the average 447 00:08:56,980 --> 00:08:59,360 two degree increase in the average temperature is gonna play havoc with 448 00:08:59,360 --> 00:08:59,370 temperature is gonna play havoc with 449 00:08:59,370 --> 00:09:01,590 temperature is gonna play havoc with everything with the oceans with the sea 450 00:09:01,590 --> 00:09:01,600 everything with the oceans with the sea 451 00:09:01,600 --> 00:09:03,960 everything with the oceans with the sea levels you name it and it did the same 452 00:09:03,960 --> 00:09:03,970 levels you name it and it did the same 453 00:09:03,970 --> 00:09:06,600 levels you name it and it did the same thing in 536 sea 454 00:09:06,600 --> 00:09:06,610 thing in 536 sea 455 00:09:06,610 --> 00:09:09,120 thing in 536 sea you know it just in Reverse you know 456 00:09:09,120 --> 00:09:09,130 you know it just in Reverse you know 457 00:09:09,130 --> 00:09:10,530 you know it just in Reverse you know people are freezing to that at that 458 00:09:10,530 --> 00:09:10,540 people are freezing to that at that 459 00:09:10,540 --> 00:09:12,890 people are freezing to that at that point and people abandon outline 460 00:09:12,890 --> 00:09:12,900 point and people abandon outline 461 00:09:12,900 --> 00:09:15,570 point and people abandon outline settlements or small villages just 462 00:09:15,570 --> 00:09:15,580 settlements or small villages just 463 00:09:15,580 --> 00:09:18,390 settlements or small villages just because there's simply not enough stuff 464 00:09:18,390 --> 00:09:18,400 because there's simply not enough stuff 465 00:09:18,400 --> 00:09:21,330 because there's simply not enough stuff to keep them alive out there and I can 466 00:09:21,330 --> 00:09:21,340 to keep them alive out there and I can 467 00:09:21,340 --> 00:09:22,620 to keep them alive out there and I can just imagine kind of what that period 468 00:09:22,620 --> 00:09:22,630 just imagine kind of what that period 469 00:09:22,630 --> 00:09:25,620 just imagine kind of what that period would have been like just for some 470 00:09:25,620 --> 00:09:25,630 would have been like just for some 471 00:09:25,630 --> 00:09:26,550 would have been like just for some reason I'm thinking like Game of Thrones 472 00:09:26,550 --> 00:09:26,560 reason I'm thinking like Game of Thrones 473 00:09:26,560 --> 00:09:28,290 reason I'm thinking like Game of Thrones where you talk about them like winter is 474 00:09:28,290 --> 00:09:28,300 where you talk about them like winter is 475 00:09:28,300 --> 00:09:29,760 where you talk about them like winter is coming and in the early season if 476 00:09:29,760 --> 00:09:29,770 coming and in the early season if 477 00:09:29,770 --> 00:09:30,780 coming and in the early season if they're talking about oh you weren't 478 00:09:30,780 --> 00:09:30,790 they're talking about oh you weren't 479 00:09:30,790 --> 00:09:32,310 they're talking about oh you weren't around in the last winter you know we 480 00:09:32,310 --> 00:09:32,320 around in the last winter you know we 481 00:09:32,320 --> 00:09:34,020 around in the last winter you know we never saw daylight so you can kind of 482 00:09:34,020 --> 00:09:34,030 never saw daylight so you can kind of 483 00:09:34,030 --> 00:09:35,640 never saw daylight so you can kind of imagine a similar scenario taking place 484 00:09:35,640 --> 00:09:35,650 imagine a similar scenario taking place 485 00:09:35,650 --> 00:09:37,350 imagine a similar scenario taking place with these old Scandinavians talking 486 00:09:37,350 --> 00:09:37,360 with these old Scandinavians talking 487 00:09:37,360 --> 00:09:39,120 with these old Scandinavians talking about this time period - they're their 488 00:09:39,120 --> 00:09:39,130 about this time period - they're their 489 00:09:39,130 --> 00:09:41,420 about this time period - they're their children their descendants and so yeah 490 00:09:41,420 --> 00:09:41,430 children their descendants and so yeah 491 00:09:41,430 --> 00:09:44,510 children their descendants and so yeah yeah that's that's exactly know it's 492 00:09:44,510 --> 00:09:44,520 yeah that's that's exactly know it's 493 00:09:44,520 --> 00:09:48,840 yeah that's that's exactly know it's there are coming from Canada and having 494 00:09:48,840 --> 00:09:48,850 there are coming from Canada and having 495 00:09:48,850 --> 00:09:51,300 there are coming from Canada and having lived in Scandinavia for a while talking 496 00:09:51,300 --> 00:09:51,310 lived in Scandinavia for a while talking 497 00:09:51,310 --> 00:09:53,340 lived in Scandinavia for a while talking with friends of mine who are from warmer 498 00:09:53,340 --> 00:09:53,350 with friends of mine who are from warmer 499 00:09:53,350 --> 00:09:55,890 with friends of mine who are from warmer climates and say all this is how do you 500 00:09:55,890 --> 00:09:55,900 climates and say all this is how do you 501 00:09:55,900 --> 00:09:58,200 climates and say all this is how do you live up there it's like all 15 degrees 502 00:09:58,200 --> 00:09:58,210 live up there it's like all 15 degrees 503 00:09:58,210 --> 00:09:59,820 live up there it's like all 15 degrees below zero Celsius that's nothing that's 504 00:09:59,820 --> 00:09:59,830 below zero Celsius that's nothing that's 505 00:09:59,830 --> 00:10:02,280 below zero Celsius that's nothing that's it's sad I might need a you know a pair 506 00:10:02,280 --> 00:10:02,290 it's sad I might need a you know a pair 507 00:10:02,290 --> 00:10:04,170 it's sad I might need a you know a pair of gloves and a toque to go out but it's 508 00:10:04,170 --> 00:10:04,180 of gloves and a toque to go out but it's 509 00:10:04,180 --> 00:10:06,540 of gloves and a toque to go out but it's not so bad but once you get you know you 510 00:10:06,540 --> 00:10:06,550 not so bad but once you get you know you 511 00:10:06,550 --> 00:10:08,010 not so bad but once you get you know you don't know real cold you don't 512 00:10:08,010 --> 00:10:08,020 don't know real cold you don't 513 00:10:08,020 --> 00:10:10,110 don't know real cold you don't experience it it don't quite understand 514 00:10:10,110 --> 00:10:10,120 experience it it don't quite understand 515 00:10:10,120 --> 00:10:11,910 experience it it don't quite understand and it's the same with heat it's the 516 00:10:11,910 --> 00:10:11,920 and it's the same with heat it's the 517 00:10:11,920 --> 00:10:13,650 and it's the same with heat it's the same in in the converse you know you 518 00:10:13,650 --> 00:10:13,660 same in in the converse you know you 519 00:10:13,660 --> 00:10:17,820 same in in the converse you know you don't extreme for me anything above 25 520 00:10:17,820 --> 00:10:17,830 don't extreme for me anything above 25 521 00:10:17,830 --> 00:10:20,310 don't extreme for me anything above 25 degrees Celsius is too is too warm it's 522 00:10:20,310 --> 00:10:20,320 degrees Celsius is too is too warm it's 523 00:10:20,320 --> 00:10:22,080 degrees Celsius is too is too warm it's too warm to go outside at that point and 524 00:10:22,080 --> 00:10:22,090 too warm to go outside at that point and 525 00:10:22,090 --> 00:10:24,330 too warm to go outside at that point and friends of mine who say well you know 30 526 00:10:24,330 --> 00:10:24,340 friends of mine who say well you know 30 527 00:10:24,340 --> 00:10:25,920 friends of mine who say well you know 30 degrees is great they're out of their 528 00:10:25,920 --> 00:10:25,930 degrees is great they're out of their 529 00:10:25,930 --> 00:10:28,440 degrees is great they're out of their minds but it's again what what you're 530 00:10:28,440 --> 00:10:28,450 minds but it's again what what you're 531 00:10:28,450 --> 00:10:30,360 minds but it's again what what you're what you're used to and dropping those 532 00:10:30,360 --> 00:10:30,370 what you're used to and dropping those 533 00:10:30,370 --> 00:10:33,000 what you're used to and dropping those temperatures even a little bit will ruin 534 00:10:33,000 --> 00:10:33,010 temperatures even a little bit will ruin 535 00:10:33,010 --> 00:10:36,990 temperatures even a little bit will ruin your day severely great so we've 536 00:10:36,990 --> 00:10:37,000 your day severely great so we've 537 00:10:37,000 --> 00:10:38,760 your day severely great so we've established at this point kind of what 538 00:10:38,760 --> 00:10:38,770 established at this point kind of what 539 00:10:38,770 --> 00:10:40,350 established at this point kind of what were the conditions like and then some 540 00:10:40,350 --> 00:10:40,360 were the conditions like and then some 541 00:10:40,360 --> 00:10:42,420 were the conditions like and then some of the shocks and that conditions are 542 00:10:42,420 --> 00:10:42,430 of the shocks and that conditions are 543 00:10:42,430 --> 00:10:44,640 of the shocks and that conditions are changes in those conditions so now we'll 544 00:10:44,640 --> 00:10:44,650 changes in those conditions so now we'll 545 00:10:44,650 --> 00:10:45,840 changes in those conditions so now we'll move to the next one which is gonna be 546 00:10:45,840 --> 00:10:45,850 move to the next one which is gonna be 547 00:10:45,850 --> 00:10:48,180 move to the next one which is gonna be okay the people who were there trying to 548 00:10:48,180 --> 00:10:48,190 okay the people who were there trying to 549 00:10:48,190 --> 00:10:50,880 okay the people who were there trying to survive how did they do so so to preempt 550 00:10:50,880 --> 00:10:50,890 survive how did they do so so to preempt 551 00:10:50,890 --> 00:10:52,860 survive how did they do so so to preempt this I know you had commented that you 552 00:10:52,860 --> 00:10:52,870 this I know you had commented that you 553 00:10:52,870 --> 00:10:53,910 this I know you had commented that you know if we're looking for direct 554 00:10:53,910 --> 00:10:53,920 know if we're looking for direct 555 00:10:53,920 --> 00:10:56,340 know if we're looking for direct evidence in the sagas it's hard to come 556 00:10:56,340 --> 00:10:56,350 evidence in the sagas it's hard to come 557 00:10:56,350 --> 00:10:57,510 evidence in the sagas it's hard to come by because a lot of the time when 558 00:10:57,510 --> 00:10:57,520 by because a lot of the time when 559 00:10:57,520 --> 00:10:58,830 by because a lot of the time when they're talking about them surviving 560 00:10:58,830 --> 00:10:58,840 they're talking about them surviving 561 00:10:58,840 --> 00:11:00,450 they're talking about them surviving winter it's something they assume the 562 00:11:00,450 --> 00:11:00,460 winter it's something they assume the 563 00:11:00,460 --> 00:11:01,890 winter it's something they assume the audience already knows and so we don't 564 00:11:01,890 --> 00:11:01,900 audience already knows and so we don't 565 00:11:01,900 --> 00:11:04,890 audience already knows and so we don't really get that much of like direct talk 566 00:11:04,890 --> 00:11:04,900 really get that much of like direct talk 567 00:11:04,900 --> 00:11:07,230 really get that much of like direct talk about there's no survivors guide that 568 00:11:07,230 --> 00:11:07,240 about there's no survivors guide that 569 00:11:07,240 --> 00:11:07,960 about there's no survivors guide that they publish or 570 00:11:07,960 --> 00:11:07,970 they publish or 571 00:11:07,970 --> 00:11:11,290 they publish or thing that deduce some things yeah 572 00:11:11,290 --> 00:11:11,300 thing that deduce some things yeah 573 00:11:11,300 --> 00:11:13,210 thing that deduce some things yeah that's exactly it I mean the the 574 00:11:13,210 --> 00:11:13,220 that's exactly it I mean the the 575 00:11:13,220 --> 00:11:16,240 that's exactly it I mean the the audience who is going to be reading 576 00:11:16,240 --> 00:11:16,250 audience who is going to be reading 577 00:11:16,250 --> 00:11:17,829 audience who is going to be reading these or who this is intended to be read 578 00:11:17,829 --> 00:11:17,839 these or who this is intended to be read 579 00:11:17,839 --> 00:11:20,259 these or who this is intended to be read by initially they're familiar with what 580 00:11:20,259 --> 00:11:20,269 by initially they're familiar with what 581 00:11:20,269 --> 00:11:22,809 by initially they're familiar with what goes into not freezing to death during 582 00:11:22,809 --> 00:11:22,819 goes into not freezing to death during 583 00:11:22,819 --> 00:11:26,650 goes into not freezing to death during winter that said well we don't 584 00:11:26,650 --> 00:11:26,660 winter that said well we don't 585 00:11:26,660 --> 00:11:28,319 winter that said well we don't necessarily have a lot of contemporary 586 00:11:28,319 --> 00:11:28,329 necessarily have a lot of contemporary 587 00:11:28,329 --> 00:11:30,340 necessarily have a lot of contemporary written evidence we do have 588 00:11:30,340 --> 00:11:30,350 written evidence we do have 589 00:11:30,350 --> 00:11:33,610 written evidence we do have archaeological evidence you know showing 590 00:11:33,610 --> 00:11:33,620 archaeological evidence you know showing 591 00:11:33,620 --> 00:11:36,309 archaeological evidence you know showing all sorts of really sort of innovative 592 00:11:36,309 --> 00:11:36,319 all sorts of really sort of innovative 593 00:11:36,319 --> 00:11:38,679 all sorts of really sort of innovative ways to keep yourself to keep yourself 594 00:11:38,679 --> 00:11:38,689 ways to keep yourself to keep yourself 595 00:11:38,689 --> 00:11:41,189 ways to keep yourself to keep yourself warm and comfortable during the winter 596 00:11:41,189 --> 00:11:41,199 warm and comfortable during the winter 597 00:11:41,199 --> 00:11:44,710 warm and comfortable during the winter you know generally there are two ways of 598 00:11:44,710 --> 00:11:44,720 you know generally there are two ways of 599 00:11:44,720 --> 00:11:46,990 you know generally there are two ways of keeping yourself warm insulation and 600 00:11:46,990 --> 00:11:47,000 keeping yourself warm insulation and 601 00:11:47,000 --> 00:11:48,970 keeping yourself warm insulation and radiation which is you know keeping the 602 00:11:48,970 --> 00:11:48,980 radiation which is you know keeping the 603 00:11:48,980 --> 00:11:52,150 radiation which is you know keeping the heat trapped next to you or keeping 604 00:11:52,150 --> 00:11:52,160 heat trapped next to you or keeping 605 00:11:52,160 --> 00:11:54,639 heat trapped next to you or keeping something warm nearby and it's you know 606 00:11:54,639 --> 00:11:54,649 something warm nearby and it's you know 607 00:11:54,649 --> 00:11:56,530 something warm nearby and it's you know it's a combination of both what does 608 00:11:56,530 --> 00:11:56,540 it's a combination of both what does 609 00:11:56,540 --> 00:12:00,639 it's a combination of both what does these which is the most effective in the 610 00:12:00,639 --> 00:12:00,649 these which is the most effective in the 611 00:12:00,649 --> 00:12:02,319 these which is the most effective in the early medieval period Scandinavians 612 00:12:02,319 --> 00:12:02,329 early medieval period Scandinavians 613 00:12:02,329 --> 00:12:03,759 early medieval period Scandinavians practices in a lot of different ways 614 00:12:03,759 --> 00:12:03,769 practices in a lot of different ways 615 00:12:03,769 --> 00:12:06,189 practices in a lot of different ways from bumping up in layers of wool and 616 00:12:06,189 --> 00:12:06,199 from bumping up in layers of wool and 617 00:12:06,199 --> 00:12:08,470 from bumping up in layers of wool and fur when they needed to go outside to 618 00:12:08,470 --> 00:12:08,480 fur when they needed to go outside to 619 00:12:08,480 --> 00:12:11,499 fur when they needed to go outside to having thick walled houses with areas 620 00:12:11,499 --> 00:12:11,509 having thick walled houses with areas 621 00:12:11,509 --> 00:12:14,110 having thick walled houses with areas inside for keeping their livestock we 622 00:12:14,110 --> 00:12:14,120 inside for keeping their livestock we 623 00:12:14,120 --> 00:12:16,150 inside for keeping their livestock we can see in the archaeological record 624 00:12:16,150 --> 00:12:16,160 can see in the archaeological record 625 00:12:16,160 --> 00:12:18,460 can see in the archaeological record four longhouses of the time that they 626 00:12:18,460 --> 00:12:18,470 four longhouses of the time that they 627 00:12:18,470 --> 00:12:20,679 four longhouses of the time that they had integral bones for lack of a better 628 00:12:20,679 --> 00:12:20,689 had integral bones for lack of a better 629 00:12:20,689 --> 00:12:23,740 had integral bones for lack of a better term where they would keep livestock not 630 00:12:23,740 --> 00:12:23,750 term where they would keep livestock not 631 00:12:23,750 --> 00:12:25,569 term where they would keep livestock not only keeps the animal shelter and that's 632 00:12:25,569 --> 00:12:25,579 only keeps the animal shelter and that's 633 00:12:25,579 --> 00:12:26,980 only keeps the animal shelter and that's an important thing because these are 634 00:12:26,980 --> 00:12:26,990 an important thing because these are 635 00:12:26,990 --> 00:12:29,230 an important thing because these are these are your food sources these are 636 00:12:29,230 --> 00:12:29,240 these are your food sources these are 637 00:12:29,240 --> 00:12:34,179 these are your food sources these are sources for raw materials as well but it 638 00:12:34,179 --> 00:12:34,189 sources for raw materials as well but it 639 00:12:34,189 --> 00:12:36,610 sources for raw materials as well but it also provides a source of heat for 640 00:12:36,610 --> 00:12:36,620 also provides a source of heat for 641 00:12:36,620 --> 00:12:38,920 also provides a source of heat for people inside the longhouse but it's an 642 00:12:38,920 --> 00:12:38,930 people inside the longhouse but it's an 643 00:12:38,930 --> 00:12:41,699 people inside the longhouse but it's an additional body to help keep you warm 644 00:12:41,699 --> 00:12:41,709 additional body to help keep you warm 645 00:12:41,709 --> 00:12:43,900 additional body to help keep you warm obviously there were drawbacks you know 646 00:12:43,900 --> 00:12:43,910 obviously there were drawbacks you know 647 00:12:43,910 --> 00:12:46,119 obviously there were drawbacks you know living cheek-by-jowl with cattle pigs 648 00:12:46,119 --> 00:12:46,129 living cheek-by-jowl with cattle pigs 649 00:12:46,129 --> 00:12:50,590 living cheek-by-jowl with cattle pigs and fowl is loud it's stinky it's it's 650 00:12:50,590 --> 00:12:50,600 and fowl is loud it's stinky it's it's 651 00:12:50,600 --> 00:12:53,379 and fowl is loud it's stinky it's it's crowded but on balance these sorts of 652 00:12:53,379 --> 00:12:53,389 crowded but on balance these sorts of 653 00:12:53,389 --> 00:12:56,350 crowded but on balance these sorts of you know inconveniences are outweighed 654 00:12:56,350 --> 00:12:56,360 you know inconveniences are outweighed 655 00:12:56,360 --> 00:12:58,119 you know inconveniences are outweighed by the fact that no one's likely to 656 00:12:58,119 --> 00:12:58,129 by the fact that no one's likely to 657 00:12:58,129 --> 00:12:59,740 by the fact that no one's likely to freeze to death when you're snuggled up 658 00:12:59,740 --> 00:12:59,750 freeze to death when you're snuggled up 659 00:12:59,750 --> 00:13:03,369 freeze to death when you're snuggled up next to a cow next to you know a herd of 660 00:13:03,369 --> 00:13:03,379 next to a cow next to you know a herd of 661 00:13:03,379 --> 00:13:05,590 next to a cow next to you know a herd of pigs so long as you've got a decent fire 662 00:13:05,590 --> 00:13:05,600 pigs so long as you've got a decent fire 663 00:13:05,600 --> 00:13:08,499 pigs so long as you've got a decent fire willing to keep yourself keep everybody 664 00:13:08,499 --> 00:13:08,509 willing to keep yourself keep everybody 665 00:13:08,509 --> 00:13:11,559 willing to keep yourself keep everybody else won't attempt fireplaces and hards 666 00:13:11,559 --> 00:13:11,569 else won't attempt fireplaces and hards 667 00:13:11,569 --> 00:13:13,150 else won't attempt fireplaces and hards as well we're massively important 668 00:13:13,150 --> 00:13:13,160 as well we're massively important 669 00:13:13,160 --> 00:13:14,619 as well we're massively important elements in the construction of a 670 00:13:14,619 --> 00:13:14,629 elements in the construction of a 671 00:13:14,629 --> 00:13:17,169 elements in the construction of a longhouse they're they don't take 672 00:13:17,169 --> 00:13:17,179 longhouse they're they don't take 673 00:13:17,179 --> 00:13:18,970 longhouse they're they don't take perform when we think of a fireplace now 674 00:13:18,970 --> 00:13:18,980 perform when we think of a fireplace now 675 00:13:18,980 --> 00:13:21,750 perform when we think of a fireplace now we've got a fairly shallow 676 00:13:21,750 --> 00:13:21,760 we've got a fairly shallow 677 00:13:21,760 --> 00:13:26,130 we've got a fairly shallow a fairly narrow fire pit with a with a 678 00:13:26,130 --> 00:13:26,140 a fairly narrow fire pit with a with a 679 00:13:26,140 --> 00:13:28,380 a fairly narrow fire pit with a with a chimney going up that wasn't the way 680 00:13:28,380 --> 00:13:28,390 chimney going up that wasn't the way 681 00:13:28,390 --> 00:13:31,980 chimney going up that wasn't the way that that went that they built fire pits 682 00:13:31,980 --> 00:13:31,990 that that went that they built fire pits 683 00:13:31,990 --> 00:13:34,440 that that went that they built fire pits and in hearts in long houses what they 684 00:13:34,440 --> 00:13:34,450 and in hearts in long houses what they 685 00:13:34,450 --> 00:13:37,650 and in hearts in long houses what they did is it would make long narrow fire 686 00:13:37,650 --> 00:13:37,660 did is it would make long narrow fire 687 00:13:37,660 --> 00:13:39,680 did is it would make long narrow fire pits that they would line with stones 688 00:13:39,680 --> 00:13:39,690 pits that they would line with stones 689 00:13:39,690 --> 00:13:41,550 pits that they would line with stones that would allow the heat to be 690 00:13:41,550 --> 00:13:41,560 that would allow the heat to be 691 00:13:41,560 --> 00:13:43,830 that would allow the heat to be distributed across the the entirety of 692 00:13:43,830 --> 00:13:43,840 distributed across the the entirety of 693 00:13:43,840 --> 00:13:45,930 distributed across the the entirety of the longhouse and those stones would you 694 00:13:45,930 --> 00:13:45,940 the longhouse and those stones would you 695 00:13:45,940 --> 00:13:47,880 the longhouse and those stones would you know absorb the heat and help radiate 696 00:13:47,880 --> 00:13:47,890 know absorb the heat and help radiate 697 00:13:47,890 --> 00:13:49,530 know absorb the heat and help radiate and heat that way 698 00:13:49,530 --> 00:13:49,540 and heat that way 699 00:13:49,540 --> 00:13:53,100 and heat that way ventilation gaps in rubes would be there 700 00:13:53,100 --> 00:13:53,110 ventilation gaps in rubes would be there 701 00:13:53,110 --> 00:13:54,960 ventilation gaps in rubes would be there to help let out some of the smoke there 702 00:13:54,960 --> 00:13:54,970 to help let out some of the smoke there 703 00:13:54,970 --> 00:13:56,790 to help let out some of the smoke there was no central chimney or anything like 704 00:13:56,790 --> 00:13:56,800 was no central chimney or anything like 705 00:13:56,800 --> 00:14:01,050 was no central chimney or anything like that to pull the hot air and smoke into 706 00:14:01,050 --> 00:14:01,060 that to pull the hot air and smoke into 707 00:14:01,060 --> 00:14:03,000 that to pull the hot air and smoke into a central point out the top of the roof 708 00:14:03,000 --> 00:14:03,010 a central point out the top of the roof 709 00:14:03,010 --> 00:14:05,910 a central point out the top of the roof so they had holes basically put into the 710 00:14:05,910 --> 00:14:05,920 so they had holes basically put into the 711 00:14:05,920 --> 00:14:07,860 so they had holes basically put into the rooms to let some of the smoke out but 712 00:14:07,860 --> 00:14:07,870 rooms to let some of the smoke out but 713 00:14:07,870 --> 00:14:10,670 rooms to let some of the smoke out but they weren't 100% effective 714 00:14:10,670 --> 00:14:10,680 they weren't 100% effective 715 00:14:10,680 --> 00:14:13,980 they weren't 100% effective we know from descriptions of long houses 716 00:14:13,980 --> 00:14:13,990 we know from descriptions of long houses 717 00:14:13,990 --> 00:14:16,740 we know from descriptions of long houses in song as that sort would accumulate 718 00:14:16,740 --> 00:14:16,750 in song as that sort would accumulate 719 00:14:16,750 --> 00:14:18,510 in song as that sort would accumulate pretty quickly and there were actors 720 00:14:18,510 --> 00:14:18,520 pretty quickly and there were actors 721 00:14:18,520 --> 00:14:22,680 pretty quickly and there were actors during the winter and you know it would 722 00:14:22,680 --> 00:14:22,690 during the winter and you know it would 723 00:14:22,690 --> 00:14:27,300 during the winter and you know it would not be the most pleasant of places for 724 00:14:27,300 --> 00:14:27,310 not be the most pleasant of places for 725 00:14:27,310 --> 00:14:30,810 not be the most pleasant of places for us to imagine staying in during the 726 00:14:30,810 --> 00:14:30,820 us to imagine staying in during the 727 00:14:30,820 --> 00:14:32,310 us to imagine staying in during the winter but you know it beats the 728 00:14:32,310 --> 00:14:32,320 winter but you know it beats the 729 00:14:32,320 --> 00:14:38,310 winter but you know it beats the alternative by a long shot okay so that 730 00:14:38,310 --> 00:14:38,320 alternative by a long shot okay so that 731 00:14:38,320 --> 00:14:39,720 alternative by a long shot okay so that that cover is yeah and I'm glad we 732 00:14:39,720 --> 00:14:39,730 that cover is yeah and I'm glad we 733 00:14:39,730 --> 00:14:41,070 that cover is yeah and I'm glad we covered the long house and this is like 734 00:14:41,070 --> 00:14:41,080 covered the long house and this is like 735 00:14:41,080 --> 00:14:42,060 covered the long house and this is like a feature that you see in a lot of 736 00:14:42,060 --> 00:14:42,070 a feature that you see in a lot of 737 00:14:42,070 --> 00:14:43,500 a feature that you see in a lot of different places along how it seems to 738 00:14:43,500 --> 00:14:43,510 different places along how it seems to 739 00:14:43,510 --> 00:14:46,710 different places along how it seems to be something that kind of how do you put 740 00:14:46,710 --> 00:14:46,720 be something that kind of how do you put 741 00:14:46,720 --> 00:14:48,540 be something that kind of how do you put it convergent evolution I guess in the 742 00:14:48,540 --> 00:14:48,550 it convergent evolution I guess in the 743 00:14:48,550 --> 00:14:49,920 it convergent evolution I guess in the design principles you see the longhouse 744 00:14:49,920 --> 00:14:49,930 design principles you see the longhouse 745 00:14:49,930 --> 00:14:53,100 design principles you see the longhouse also used in in North America by the 746 00:14:53,100 --> 00:14:53,110 also used in in North America by the 747 00:14:53,110 --> 00:14:55,440 also used in in North America by the digitus peoples the longhouse pops up at 748 00:14:55,440 --> 00:14:55,450 digitus peoples the longhouse pops up at 749 00:14:55,450 --> 00:14:57,000 digitus peoples the longhouse pops up at a bunch of different cultures in various 750 00:14:57,000 --> 00:14:57,010 a bunch of different cultures in various 751 00:14:57,010 --> 00:14:59,010 a bunch of different cultures in various forms but yeah it's something that you 752 00:14:59,010 --> 00:14:59,020 forms but yeah it's something that you 753 00:14:59,020 --> 00:15:00,030 forms but yeah it's something that you see they've kind of sprinkled through 754 00:15:00,030 --> 00:15:00,040 see they've kind of sprinkled through 755 00:15:00,040 --> 00:15:02,220 see they've kind of sprinkled through our history yeah it's a it's a really 756 00:15:02,220 --> 00:15:02,230 our history yeah it's a it's a really 757 00:15:02,230 --> 00:15:05,190 our history yeah it's a it's a really it's a ubiquitous sort of design and I 758 00:15:05,190 --> 00:15:05,200 it's a ubiquitous sort of design and I 759 00:15:05,200 --> 00:15:06,660 it's a ubiquitous sort of design and I mean it's there we do that for a reason 760 00:15:06,660 --> 00:15:06,670 mean it's there we do that for a reason 761 00:15:06,670 --> 00:15:09,840 mean it's there we do that for a reason as a species humans we kind of come to 762 00:15:09,840 --> 00:15:09,850 as a species humans we kind of come to 763 00:15:09,850 --> 00:15:11,340 as a species humans we kind of come to the same conclusion no matter where we 764 00:15:11,340 --> 00:15:11,350 the same conclusion no matter where we 765 00:15:11,350 --> 00:15:13,290 the same conclusion no matter where we are geographically it's like this is a 766 00:15:13,290 --> 00:15:13,300 are geographically it's like this is a 767 00:15:13,300 --> 00:15:16,590 are geographically it's like this is a good design we should like yeah okay 768 00:15:16,590 --> 00:15:16,600 good design we should like yeah okay 769 00:15:16,600 --> 00:15:19,530 good design we should like yeah okay cool so we've we've covered the I guess 770 00:15:19,530 --> 00:15:19,540 cool so we've we've covered the I guess 771 00:15:19,540 --> 00:15:22,260 cool so we've we've covered the I guess yeah staying unfrozen and now how do we 772 00:15:22,260 --> 00:15:22,270 yeah staying unfrozen and now how do we 773 00:15:22,270 --> 00:15:23,730 yeah staying unfrozen and now how do we cover you know how do you keep yourself 774 00:15:23,730 --> 00:15:23,740 cover you know how do you keep yourself 775 00:15:23,740 --> 00:15:26,090 cover you know how do you keep yourself fed so maybe we can talk a bit about 776 00:15:26,090 --> 00:15:26,100 fed so maybe we can talk a bit about 777 00:15:26,100 --> 00:15:28,320 fed so maybe we can talk a bit about food yeah maybe you can bring in a 778 00:15:28,320 --> 00:15:28,330 food yeah maybe you can bring in a 779 00:15:28,330 --> 00:15:29,610 food yeah maybe you can bring in a sandwich for once but you gotta last 780 00:15:29,610 --> 00:15:29,620 sandwich for once but you gotta last 781 00:15:29,620 --> 00:15:31,230 sandwich for once but you gotta last quite a couple months so how do they 782 00:15:31,230 --> 00:15:31,240 quite a couple months so how do they 783 00:15:31,240 --> 00:15:33,420 quite a couple months so how do they store the food and then you're an intern 784 00:15:33,420 --> 00:15:33,430 store the food and then you're an intern 785 00:15:33,430 --> 00:15:34,629 store the food and then you're an intern eat that food 786 00:15:34,629 --> 00:15:34,639 eat that food 787 00:15:34,639 --> 00:15:38,769 eat that food and I mean food preservation during the 788 00:15:38,769 --> 00:15:38,779 and I mean food preservation during the 789 00:15:38,779 --> 00:15:40,840 and I mean food preservation during the early medieval period in Scandinavia was 790 00:15:40,840 --> 00:15:40,850 early medieval period in Scandinavia was 791 00:15:40,850 --> 00:15:43,780 early medieval period in Scandinavia was very similar to food preservation in 792 00:15:43,780 --> 00:15:43,790 very similar to food preservation in 793 00:15:43,790 --> 00:15:46,569 very similar to food preservation in other countries at other times you know 794 00:15:46,569 --> 00:15:46,579 other countries at other times you know 795 00:15:46,579 --> 00:15:48,999 other countries at other times you know it's pickling and brining smoking drying 796 00:15:48,999 --> 00:15:49,009 it's pickling and brining smoking drying 797 00:15:49,009 --> 00:15:54,100 it's pickling and brining smoking drying things like that to keep the to keep the 798 00:15:54,100 --> 00:15:54,110 things like that to keep the to keep the 799 00:15:54,110 --> 00:15:56,289 things like that to keep the to keep the the meat and produce as fresh as 800 00:15:56,289 --> 00:15:56,299 the meat and produce as fresh as 801 00:15:56,299 --> 00:15:59,199 the meat and produce as fresh as possible for as long as as possible in 802 00:15:59,199 --> 00:15:59,209 possible for as long as as possible in 803 00:15:59,209 --> 00:16:01,329 possible for as long as as possible in Iceland for example meat would sometimes 804 00:16:01,329 --> 00:16:01,339 Iceland for example meat would sometimes 805 00:16:01,339 --> 00:16:04,809 Iceland for example meat would sometimes be stored in casks of whey which helped 806 00:16:04,809 --> 00:16:04,819 be stored in casks of whey which helped 807 00:16:04,819 --> 00:16:06,179 be stored in casks of whey which helped act as kind of like a lacto-fermented 808 00:16:06,179 --> 00:16:06,189 act as kind of like a lacto-fermented 809 00:16:06,189 --> 00:16:09,910 act as kind of like a lacto-fermented pickling solution for that to preserve 810 00:16:09,910 --> 00:16:09,920 pickling solution for that to preserve 811 00:16:09,920 --> 00:16:12,429 pickling solution for that to preserve the you know they vowed preserved beef 812 00:16:12,429 --> 00:16:12,439 the you know they vowed preserved beef 813 00:16:12,439 --> 00:16:13,869 the you know they vowed preserved beef they would preserve lamb they would 814 00:16:13,869 --> 00:16:13,879 they would preserve lamb they would 815 00:16:13,879 --> 00:16:17,710 they would preserve lamb they would preserve fish of all sorts other meats 816 00:16:17,710 --> 00:16:17,720 preserve fish of all sorts other meats 817 00:16:17,720 --> 00:16:20,079 preserve fish of all sorts other meats like the sort of whitefish that you just 818 00:16:20,079 --> 00:16:20,089 like the sort of whitefish that you just 819 00:16:20,089 --> 00:16:21,910 like the sort of whitefish that you just find everywhere along the coast of 820 00:16:21,910 --> 00:16:21,920 find everywhere along the coast of 821 00:16:21,920 --> 00:16:25,030 find everywhere along the coast of Scandinavia can be air dried or smoked 822 00:16:25,030 --> 00:16:25,040 Scandinavia can be air dried or smoked 823 00:16:25,040 --> 00:16:26,889 Scandinavia can be air dried or smoked or even salted in places that have 824 00:16:26,889 --> 00:16:26,899 or even salted in places that have 825 00:16:26,899 --> 00:16:29,350 or even salted in places that have access to a large amount of salt for 826 00:16:29,350 --> 00:16:29,360 access to a large amount of salt for 827 00:16:29,360 --> 00:16:33,249 access to a large amount of salt for that sort of high scale production of 828 00:16:33,249 --> 00:16:33,259 that sort of high scale production of 829 00:16:33,259 --> 00:16:38,350 that sort of high scale production of salted fish you know there's all sorts 830 00:16:38,350 --> 00:16:38,360 salted fish you know there's all sorts 831 00:16:38,360 --> 00:16:41,259 salted fish you know there's all sorts of ways to extend shelf life just kind 832 00:16:41,259 --> 00:16:41,269 of ways to extend shelf life just kind 833 00:16:41,269 --> 00:16:42,900 of ways to extend shelf life just kind of with what you've got 834 00:16:42,900 --> 00:16:42,910 of with what you've got 835 00:16:42,910 --> 00:16:47,379 of with what you've got grains and pulses can be you know dried 836 00:16:47,379 --> 00:16:47,389 grains and pulses can be you know dried 837 00:16:47,389 --> 00:16:51,460 grains and pulses can be you know dried out or use later on in porridges or to 838 00:16:51,460 --> 00:16:51,470 out or use later on in porridges or to 839 00:16:51,470 --> 00:16:54,039 out or use later on in porridges or to make soups or stews or ground up for 840 00:16:54,039 --> 00:16:54,049 make soups or stews or ground up for 841 00:16:54,049 --> 00:16:57,699 make soups or stews or ground up for grain or into coarser meal for other 842 00:16:57,699 --> 00:16:57,709 grain or into coarser meal for other 843 00:16:57,709 --> 00:17:00,369 grain or into coarser meal for other uses like making bread or biscuits or 844 00:17:00,369 --> 00:17:00,379 uses like making bread or biscuits or 845 00:17:00,379 --> 00:17:02,710 uses like making bread or biscuits or things like that other vegetables would 846 00:17:02,710 --> 00:17:02,720 things like that other vegetables would 847 00:17:02,720 --> 00:17:05,429 things like that other vegetables would be during the winter relatively rare 848 00:17:05,429 --> 00:17:05,439 be during the winter relatively rare 849 00:17:05,439 --> 00:17:07,829 be during the winter relatively rare unless you know you would pickle them or 850 00:17:07,829 --> 00:17:07,839 unless you know you would pickle them or 851 00:17:07,839 --> 00:17:10,809 unless you know you would pickle them or smoked them or or preserve them 852 00:17:10,809 --> 00:17:10,819 smoked them or or preserve them 853 00:17:10,819 --> 00:17:12,759 smoked them or or preserve them you know like air dry them or something 854 00:17:12,759 --> 00:17:12,769 you know like air dry them or something 855 00:17:12,769 --> 00:17:15,159 you know like air dry them or something like that Dairy was an essential element 856 00:17:15,159 --> 00:17:15,169 like that Dairy was an essential element 857 00:17:15,169 --> 00:17:18,579 like that Dairy was an essential element however of a Scandinavian diet for a lot 858 00:17:18,579 --> 00:17:18,589 however of a Scandinavian diet for a lot 859 00:17:18,589 --> 00:17:21,309 however of a Scandinavian diet for a lot of reasons we know now that dairy is 860 00:17:21,309 --> 00:17:21,319 of reasons we know now that dairy is 861 00:17:21,319 --> 00:17:25,689 of reasons we know now that dairy is really high in vitamin D and one of the 862 00:17:25,689 --> 00:17:25,699 really high in vitamin D and one of the 863 00:17:25,699 --> 00:17:27,850 really high in vitamin D and one of the best ways to get vitamin D outside of 864 00:17:27,850 --> 00:17:27,860 best ways to get vitamin D outside of 865 00:17:27,860 --> 00:17:30,180 best ways to get vitamin D outside of dairy is by being outside in the Sun and 866 00:17:30,180 --> 00:17:30,190 dairy is by being outside in the Sun and 867 00:17:30,190 --> 00:17:33,070 dairy is by being outside in the Sun and when the Sun doesn't come up for three 868 00:17:33,070 --> 00:17:33,080 when the Sun doesn't come up for three 869 00:17:33,080 --> 00:17:34,870 when the Sun doesn't come up for three months of the year that gets a little 870 00:17:34,870 --> 00:17:34,880 months of the year that gets a little 871 00:17:34,880 --> 00:17:36,789 months of the year that gets a little tough but dairy is a really good sub 872 00:17:36,789 --> 00:17:36,799 tough but dairy is a really good sub 873 00:17:36,799 --> 00:17:39,399 tough but dairy is a really good sub supplement for that and so we have 874 00:17:39,399 --> 00:17:39,409 supplement for that and so we have 875 00:17:39,409 --> 00:17:42,570 supplement for that and so we have records in the sagas where butter and 876 00:17:42,570 --> 00:17:42,580 records in the sagas where butter and 877 00:17:42,580 --> 00:17:43,720 records in the sagas where butter and milk 878 00:17:43,720 --> 00:17:43,730 milk 879 00:17:43,730 --> 00:17:46,140 milk and way and 880 00:17:46,140 --> 00:17:46,150 and way and 881 00:17:46,150 --> 00:17:48,390 and way and cheese and skier of which is kind of 882 00:17:48,390 --> 00:17:48,400 cheese and skier of which is kind of 883 00:17:48,400 --> 00:17:51,450 cheese and skier of which is kind of like a a soft cheese it's like that sort 884 00:17:51,450 --> 00:17:51,460 like a a soft cheese it's like that sort 885 00:17:51,460 --> 00:17:54,480 like a a soft cheese it's like that sort of weird middle ground between a thick 886 00:17:54,480 --> 00:17:54,490 of weird middle ground between a thick 887 00:17:54,490 --> 00:17:57,210 of weird middle ground between a thick yogurt and a soft cheese that was used 888 00:17:57,210 --> 00:17:57,220 yogurt and a soft cheese that was used 889 00:17:57,220 --> 00:18:00,780 yogurt and a soft cheese that was used in Iceland especially are just being 890 00:18:00,780 --> 00:18:00,790 in Iceland especially are just being 891 00:18:00,790 --> 00:18:02,910 in Iceland especially are just being consumed in mass quantities during the 892 00:18:02,910 --> 00:18:02,920 consumed in mass quantities during the 893 00:18:02,920 --> 00:18:04,950 consumed in mass quantities during the winter because it's easy to get from a 894 00:18:04,950 --> 00:18:04,960 winter because it's easy to get from a 895 00:18:04,960 --> 00:18:06,870 winter because it's easy to get from a cow you know if you've got a cow inside 896 00:18:06,870 --> 00:18:06,880 cow you know if you've got a cow inside 897 00:18:06,880 --> 00:18:09,570 cow you know if you've got a cow inside your longhouse you can milk it and you 898 00:18:09,570 --> 00:18:09,580 your longhouse you can milk it and you 899 00:18:09,580 --> 00:18:13,500 your longhouse you can milk it and you can preserve the milk by making these 900 00:18:13,500 --> 00:18:13,510 can preserve the milk by making these 901 00:18:13,510 --> 00:18:16,320 can preserve the milk by making these long-lasting cheeses or scared or butter 902 00:18:16,320 --> 00:18:16,330 long-lasting cheeses or scared or butter 903 00:18:16,330 --> 00:18:19,860 long-lasting cheeses or scared or butter and also you know it's a pretty tasty 904 00:18:19,860 --> 00:18:19,870 and also you know it's a pretty tasty 905 00:18:19,870 --> 00:18:22,620 and also you know it's a pretty tasty product at the end of it and it comes 906 00:18:22,620 --> 00:18:22,630 product at the end of it and it comes 907 00:18:22,630 --> 00:18:24,330 product at the end of it and it comes with all sorts of great byproducts as 908 00:18:24,330 --> 00:18:24,340 with all sorts of great byproducts as 909 00:18:24,340 --> 00:18:26,820 with all sorts of great byproducts as well you know if the way is if you're 910 00:18:26,820 --> 00:18:26,830 well you know if the way is if you're 911 00:18:26,830 --> 00:18:29,370 well you know if the way is if you're making way or making cheese rather or 912 00:18:29,370 --> 00:18:29,380 making way or making cheese rather or 913 00:18:29,380 --> 00:18:31,080 making way or making cheese rather or butter you've got the way in buttermilk 914 00:18:31,080 --> 00:18:31,090 butter you've got the way in buttermilk 915 00:18:31,090 --> 00:18:32,940 butter you've got the way in buttermilk which you then use to pickled and 916 00:18:32,940 --> 00:18:32,950 which you then use to pickled and 917 00:18:32,950 --> 00:18:34,620 which you then use to pickled and preserve other foods right so it's a 918 00:18:34,620 --> 00:18:34,630 preserve other foods right so it's a 919 00:18:34,630 --> 00:18:38,420 preserve other foods right so it's a sort of all-purpose really really useful 920 00:18:38,420 --> 00:18:38,430 sort of all-purpose really really useful 921 00:18:38,430 --> 00:18:41,750 sort of all-purpose really really useful food source for Scandinavians at Apple 922 00:18:41,750 --> 00:18:41,760 food source for Scandinavians at Apple 923 00:18:41,760 --> 00:18:44,760 food source for Scandinavians at Apple and so oK we've covered the vast amounts 924 00:18:44,760 --> 00:18:44,770 and so oK we've covered the vast amounts 925 00:18:44,770 --> 00:18:47,160 and so oK we've covered the vast amounts of food but the logical question is then 926 00:18:47,160 --> 00:18:47,170 of food but the logical question is then 927 00:18:47,170 --> 00:18:48,270 of food but the logical question is then at that point that's a lot of food that 928 00:18:48,270 --> 00:18:48,280 at that point that's a lot of food that 929 00:18:48,280 --> 00:18:49,650 at that point that's a lot of food that you're storing they didn't really have 930 00:18:49,650 --> 00:18:49,660 you're storing they didn't really have 931 00:18:49,660 --> 00:18:51,870 you're storing they didn't really have fridges so the question is you know how 932 00:18:51,870 --> 00:18:51,880 fridges so the question is you know how 933 00:18:51,880 --> 00:18:54,240 fridges so the question is you know how do you where do you store that food and 934 00:18:54,240 --> 00:18:54,250 do you where do you store that food and 935 00:18:54,250 --> 00:18:55,830 do you where do you store that food and I would assume you know that's a lot of 936 00:18:55,830 --> 00:18:55,840 I would assume you know that's a lot of 937 00:18:55,840 --> 00:18:57,360 I would assume you know that's a lot of food over the summer a lot of your 938 00:18:57,360 --> 00:18:57,370 food over the summer a lot of your 939 00:18:57,370 --> 00:18:59,040 food over the summer a lot of your activities are gonna be you know 940 00:18:59,040 --> 00:18:59,050 activities are gonna be you know 941 00:18:59,050 --> 00:19:00,690 activities are gonna be you know planning it out how much do I need to 942 00:19:00,690 --> 00:19:00,700 planning it out how much do I need to 943 00:19:00,700 --> 00:19:02,370 planning it out how much do I need to collect last over the number of months 944 00:19:02,370 --> 00:19:02,380 collect last over the number of months 945 00:19:02,380 --> 00:19:04,320 collect last over the number of months over winter what excess am I gonna use 946 00:19:04,320 --> 00:19:04,330 over winter what excess am I gonna use 947 00:19:04,330 --> 00:19:08,010 over winter what excess am I gonna use for you know selling or trading etc so 948 00:19:08,010 --> 00:19:08,020 for you know selling or trading etc so 949 00:19:08,020 --> 00:19:09,300 for you know selling or trading etc so there's activities before but let's say 950 00:19:09,300 --> 00:19:09,310 there's activities before but let's say 951 00:19:09,310 --> 00:19:10,560 there's activities before but let's say they've gathered gathered all the 952 00:19:10,560 --> 00:19:10,570 they've gathered gathered all the 953 00:19:10,570 --> 00:19:12,780 they've gathered gathered all the necessities do they have a specific like 954 00:19:12,780 --> 00:19:12,790 necessities do they have a specific like 955 00:19:12,790 --> 00:19:14,520 necessities do they have a specific like food silo or do they just keep it all on 956 00:19:14,520 --> 00:19:14,530 food silo or do they just keep it all on 957 00:19:14,530 --> 00:19:17,760 food silo or do they just keep it all on their homes and a storage area well 958 00:19:17,760 --> 00:19:17,770 their homes and a storage area well 959 00:19:17,770 --> 00:19:19,320 their homes and a storage area well that's it like there'd be storage areas 960 00:19:19,320 --> 00:19:19,330 that's it like there'd be storage areas 961 00:19:19,330 --> 00:19:22,050 that's it like there'd be storage areas there would be if it's a larger farm or 962 00:19:22,050 --> 00:19:22,060 there would be if it's a larger farm or 963 00:19:22,060 --> 00:19:23,820 there would be if it's a larger farm or a larger complex there are outbuildings 964 00:19:23,820 --> 00:19:23,830 a larger complex there are outbuildings 965 00:19:23,830 --> 00:19:25,260 a larger complex there are outbuildings which could be used as storage areas we 966 00:19:25,260 --> 00:19:25,270 which could be used as storage areas we 967 00:19:25,270 --> 00:19:28,200 which could be used as storage areas we don't have a whole lot of information as 968 00:19:28,200 --> 00:19:28,210 don't have a whole lot of information as 969 00:19:28,210 --> 00:19:32,190 don't have a whole lot of information as to specific food storage locations but 970 00:19:32,190 --> 00:19:32,200 to specific food storage locations but 971 00:19:32,200 --> 00:19:36,810 to specific food storage locations but we do know that you know casks and and 972 00:19:36,810 --> 00:19:36,820 we do know that you know casks and and 973 00:19:36,820 --> 00:19:41,490 we do know that you know casks and and kegs were used to carry way and and you 974 00:19:41,490 --> 00:19:41,500 kegs were used to carry way and and you 975 00:19:41,500 --> 00:19:45,510 kegs were used to carry way and and you know if you've got you know 25 30 litres 976 00:19:45,510 --> 00:19:45,520 know if you've got you know 25 30 litres 977 00:19:45,520 --> 00:19:50,340 know if you've got you know 25 30 litres of way in a in a task who's - who's to 978 00:19:50,340 --> 00:19:50,350 of way in a in a task who's - who's to 979 00:19:50,350 --> 00:19:52,410 of way in a in a task who's - who's to keep you from putting a side of beef in 980 00:19:52,410 --> 00:19:52,420 keep you from putting a side of beef in 981 00:19:52,420 --> 00:19:53,910 keep you from putting a side of beef in there to help to preserve that 982 00:19:53,910 --> 00:19:53,920 there to help to preserve that 983 00:19:53,920 --> 00:19:56,730 there to help to preserve that throughout the winter and air dried 984 00:19:56,730 --> 00:19:56,740 throughout the winter and air dried 985 00:19:56,740 --> 00:19:59,190 throughout the winter and air dried things like like whitefish 986 00:19:59,190 --> 00:19:59,200 things like like whitefish 987 00:19:59,200 --> 00:20:01,409 things like like whitefish you know it's hard to view scooter in in 988 00:20:01,409 --> 00:20:01,419 you know it's hard to view scooter in in 989 00:20:01,419 --> 00:20:05,700 you know it's hard to view scooter in in Iceland it's it's dried once it's dried 990 00:20:05,700 --> 00:20:05,710 Iceland it's it's dried once it's dried 991 00:20:05,710 --> 00:20:08,759 Iceland it's it's dried once it's dried it will last for ever so long as it 992 00:20:08,759 --> 00:20:08,769 it will last for ever so long as it 993 00:20:08,769 --> 00:20:11,610 it will last for ever so long as it doesn't get wet so you know you can just 994 00:20:11,610 --> 00:20:11,620 doesn't get wet so you know you can just 995 00:20:11,620 --> 00:20:14,940 doesn't get wet so you know you can just stack it up on shelves or in in the 996 00:20:14,940 --> 00:20:14,950 stack it up on shelves or in in the 997 00:20:14,950 --> 00:20:17,970 stack it up on shelves or in in the pantry or in the kitchen wherever you're 998 00:20:17,970 --> 00:20:17,980 pantry or in the kitchen wherever you're 999 00:20:17,980 --> 00:20:21,840 pantry or in the kitchen wherever you're going to to need or have that storage 1000 00:20:21,840 --> 00:20:21,850 going to to need or have that storage 1001 00:20:21,850 --> 00:20:23,519 going to to need or have that storage space rather you can just stack it there 1002 00:20:23,519 --> 00:20:23,529 space rather you can just stack it there 1003 00:20:23,529 --> 00:20:25,830 space rather you can just stack it there put it there or just put it into two 1004 00:20:25,830 --> 00:20:25,840 put it there or just put it into two 1005 00:20:25,840 --> 00:20:29,610 put it there or just put it into two jars clay or ceramic containers for 1006 00:20:29,610 --> 00:20:29,620 jars clay or ceramic containers for 1007 00:20:29,620 --> 00:20:33,149 jars clay or ceramic containers for stuff that might be grain and things 1008 00:20:33,149 --> 00:20:33,159 stuff that might be grain and things 1009 00:20:33,159 --> 00:20:34,350 stuff that might be grain and things like that things that are a little bit 1010 00:20:34,350 --> 00:20:34,360 like that things that are a little bit 1011 00:20:34,360 --> 00:20:36,000 like that things that are a little bit finer that you don't want to just kind 1012 00:20:36,000 --> 00:20:36,010 finer that you don't want to just kind 1013 00:20:36,010 --> 00:20:39,779 finer that you don't want to just kind of have rolling around so all sorts of 1014 00:20:39,779 --> 00:20:39,789 of have rolling around so all sorts of 1015 00:20:39,789 --> 00:20:44,850 of have rolling around so all sorts of different places to store that food you 1016 00:20:44,850 --> 00:20:44,860 different places to store that food you 1017 00:20:44,860 --> 00:20:47,460 different places to store that food you know kind of a widely well they didn't 1018 00:20:47,460 --> 00:20:47,470 know kind of a widely well they didn't 1019 00:20:47,470 --> 00:20:49,200 know kind of a widely well they didn't have fridges all right you know it's not 1020 00:20:49,200 --> 00:20:49,210 have fridges all right you know it's not 1021 00:20:49,210 --> 00:20:52,620 have fridges all right you know it's not like they just kind of hoped that for 1022 00:20:52,620 --> 00:20:52,630 like they just kind of hoped that for 1023 00:20:52,630 --> 00:20:54,000 like they just kind of hoped that for the best and just left everything on the 1024 00:20:54,000 --> 00:20:54,010 the best and just left everything on the 1025 00:20:54,010 --> 00:20:55,919 the best and just left everything on the ground you know shelving and and 1026 00:20:55,919 --> 00:20:55,929 ground you know shelving and and 1027 00:20:55,929 --> 00:20:58,680 ground you know shelving and and designated food storage areas were 1028 00:20:58,680 --> 00:20:58,690 designated food storage areas were 1029 00:20:58,690 --> 00:21:01,049 designated food storage areas were definitely things that they would have 1030 00:21:01,049 --> 00:21:01,059 definitely things that they would have 1031 00:21:01,059 --> 00:21:04,080 definitely things that they would have had in a long house make sense oh and 1032 00:21:04,080 --> 00:21:04,090 had in a long house make sense oh and 1033 00:21:04,090 --> 00:21:06,659 had in a long house make sense oh and actually lastly I'm thinking for water I 1034 00:21:06,659 --> 00:21:06,669 actually lastly I'm thinking for water I 1035 00:21:06,669 --> 00:21:08,399 actually lastly I'm thinking for water I mean easy enough to melt the snow I 1036 00:21:08,399 --> 00:21:08,409 mean easy enough to melt the snow I 1037 00:21:08,409 --> 00:21:11,100 mean easy enough to melt the snow I think yeah I mean snow melt is is 1038 00:21:11,100 --> 00:21:11,110 think yeah I mean snow melt is is 1039 00:21:11,110 --> 00:21:13,200 think yeah I mean snow melt is is definitely think I mean when you're when 1040 00:21:13,200 --> 00:21:13,210 definitely think I mean when you're when 1041 00:21:13,210 --> 00:21:15,629 definitely think I mean when you're when you're situating your farm you want to 1042 00:21:15,629 --> 00:21:15,639 you're situating your farm you want to 1043 00:21:15,639 --> 00:21:17,909 you're situating your farm you want to be near a source of running water you 1044 00:21:17,909 --> 00:21:17,919 be near a source of running water you 1045 00:21:17,919 --> 00:21:20,190 be near a source of running water you want to be near a river someplace where 1046 00:21:20,190 --> 00:21:20,200 want to be near a river someplace where 1047 00:21:20,200 --> 00:21:24,330 want to be near a river someplace where you can go and get you know draw water 1048 00:21:24,330 --> 00:21:24,340 you can go and get you know draw water 1049 00:21:24,340 --> 00:21:27,720 you can go and get you know draw water whether it's from the river or if you've 1050 00:21:27,720 --> 00:21:27,730 whether it's from the river or if you've 1051 00:21:27,730 --> 00:21:29,820 whether it's from the river or if you've dug a well right or if you're you know 1052 00:21:29,820 --> 00:21:29,830 dug a well right or if you're you know 1053 00:21:29,830 --> 00:21:32,190 dug a well right or if you're you know you've got something that you can draw 1054 00:21:32,190 --> 00:21:32,200 you've got something that you can draw 1055 00:21:32,200 --> 00:21:35,820 you've got something that you can draw water from that's probably where you're 1056 00:21:35,820 --> 00:21:35,830 water from that's probably where you're 1057 00:21:35,830 --> 00:21:37,019 water from that's probably where you're going to be getting it from even during 1058 00:21:37,019 --> 00:21:37,029 going to be getting it from even during 1059 00:21:37,029 --> 00:21:40,680 going to be getting it from even during the winter unless it's really really 1060 00:21:40,680 --> 00:21:40,690 the winter unless it's really really 1061 00:21:40,690 --> 00:21:44,070 the winter unless it's really really badly snowing if you're if you're snow 1062 00:21:44,070 --> 00:21:44,080 badly snowing if you're if you're snow 1063 00:21:44,080 --> 00:21:45,360 badly snowing if you're if you're snow bound or something like that then you'd 1064 00:21:45,360 --> 00:21:45,370 bound or something like that then you'd 1065 00:21:45,370 --> 00:21:47,430 bound or something like that then you'd be bringing in snow from outside and 1066 00:21:47,430 --> 00:21:47,440 be bringing in snow from outside and 1067 00:21:47,440 --> 00:21:53,490 be bringing in snow from outside and kind of melting it that way as as sort 1068 00:21:53,490 --> 00:21:53,500 kind of melting it that way as as sort 1069 00:21:53,500 --> 00:21:58,019 kind of melting it that way as as sort of as a note um relying on meltwater as 1070 00:21:58,019 --> 00:21:58,029 of as a note um relying on meltwater as 1071 00:21:58,029 --> 00:22:00,480 of as a note um relying on meltwater as your sole source of drinking water 1072 00:22:00,480 --> 00:22:00,490 your sole source of drinking water 1073 00:22:00,490 --> 00:22:04,710 your sole source of drinking water I mean it's doable but it's not as it's 1074 00:22:04,710 --> 00:22:04,720 I mean it's doable but it's not as it's 1075 00:22:04,720 --> 00:22:08,039 I mean it's doable but it's not as it's not as reliable a way of getting enough 1076 00:22:08,039 --> 00:22:08,049 not as reliable a way of getting enough 1077 00:22:08,049 --> 00:22:10,169 not as reliable a way of getting enough water for a household as you would 1078 00:22:10,169 --> 00:22:10,179 water for a household as you would 1079 00:22:10,179 --> 00:22:12,990 water for a household as you would imagine far easier to just go 1080 00:22:12,990 --> 00:22:13,000 imagine far easier to just go 1081 00:22:13,000 --> 00:22:16,289 imagine far easier to just go bring casks of water up and lay water 1082 00:22:16,289 --> 00:22:16,299 bring casks of water up and lay water 1083 00:22:16,299 --> 00:22:18,539 bring casks of water up and lay water away but you've also got wait that's a 1084 00:22:18,539 --> 00:22:18,549 away but you've also got wait that's a 1085 00:22:18,549 --> 00:22:20,880 away but you've also got wait that's a that's a thing that people sometimes 1086 00:22:20,880 --> 00:22:20,890 that's a thing that people sometimes 1087 00:22:20,890 --> 00:22:24,810 that's a thing that people sometimes overlook is that especially in Iceland 1088 00:22:24,810 --> 00:22:24,820 overlook is that especially in Iceland 1089 00:22:24,820 --> 00:22:26,490 overlook is that especially in Iceland people would just drink the way or the 1090 00:22:26,490 --> 00:22:26,500 people would just drink the way or the 1091 00:22:26,500 --> 00:22:28,289 people would just drink the way or the buttermilk because these things though 1092 00:22:28,289 --> 00:22:28,299 buttermilk because these things though 1093 00:22:28,299 --> 00:22:31,830 buttermilk because these things though they are relatively long lasting and 1094 00:22:31,830 --> 00:22:31,840 they are relatively long lasting and 1095 00:22:31,840 --> 00:22:34,230 they are relatively long lasting and they don't go bad as quickly as just 1096 00:22:34,230 --> 00:22:34,240 they don't go bad as quickly as just 1097 00:22:34,240 --> 00:22:37,350 they don't go bad as quickly as just regular milk would spoil they will drink 1098 00:22:37,350 --> 00:22:37,360 regular milk would spoil they will drink 1099 00:22:37,360 --> 00:22:38,789 regular milk would spoil they will drink that that's a good way of keeping 1100 00:22:38,789 --> 00:22:38,799 that that's a good way of keeping 1101 00:22:38,799 --> 00:22:40,440 that that's a good way of keeping yourself hydrated and getting what 1102 00:22:40,440 --> 00:22:40,450 yourself hydrated and getting what 1103 00:22:40,450 --> 00:22:42,990 yourself hydrated and getting what getting some nutrients as well at the 1104 00:22:42,990 --> 00:22:43,000 getting some nutrients as well at the 1105 00:22:43,000 --> 00:22:46,200 getting some nutrients as well at the same time yeah yeah because I was 1106 00:22:46,200 --> 00:22:46,210 same time yeah yeah because I was 1107 00:22:46,210 --> 00:22:47,549 same time yeah yeah because I was thinking most of the time when you're 1108 00:22:47,549 --> 00:22:47,559 thinking most of the time when you're 1109 00:22:47,559 --> 00:22:50,190 thinking most of the time when you're preserving food the whole idea is to get 1110 00:22:50,190 --> 00:22:50,200 preserving food the whole idea is to get 1111 00:22:50,200 --> 00:22:52,260 preserving food the whole idea is to get all the water out so because usually 1112 00:22:52,260 --> 00:22:52,270 all the water out so because usually 1113 00:22:52,270 --> 00:22:53,850 all the water out so because usually like humans diet is like you get a fair 1114 00:22:53,850 --> 00:22:53,860 like humans diet is like you get a fair 1115 00:22:53,860 --> 00:22:55,560 like humans diet is like you get a fair amount of water from your food but in 1116 00:22:55,560 --> 00:22:55,570 amount of water from your food but in 1117 00:22:55,570 --> 00:22:56,880 amount of water from your food but in this case they're actually purposely 1118 00:22:56,880 --> 00:22:56,890 this case they're actually purposely 1119 00:22:56,890 --> 00:22:58,830 this case they're actually purposely removing all the water from the food to 1120 00:22:58,830 --> 00:22:58,840 removing all the water from the food to 1121 00:22:58,840 --> 00:23:00,480 removing all the water from the food to store right so I'd assume water intake 1122 00:23:00,480 --> 00:23:00,490 store right so I'd assume water intake 1123 00:23:00,490 --> 00:23:02,760 store right so I'd assume water intake was maybe a little higher than usual so 1124 00:23:02,760 --> 00:23:02,770 was maybe a little higher than usual so 1125 00:23:02,770 --> 00:23:06,000 was maybe a little higher than usual so it's kind of interesting okay well with 1126 00:23:06,000 --> 00:23:06,010 it's kind of interesting okay well with 1127 00:23:06,010 --> 00:23:07,080 it's kind of interesting okay well with that being said let's move on to the 1128 00:23:07,080 --> 00:23:07,090 that being said let's move on to the 1129 00:23:07,090 --> 00:23:08,279 that being said let's move on to the kind of the next big portion which is 1130 00:23:08,279 --> 00:23:08,289 kind of the next big portion which is 1131 00:23:08,289 --> 00:23:11,190 kind of the next big portion which is gonna be okay you're warm you're fed but 1132 00:23:11,190 --> 00:23:11,200 gonna be okay you're warm you're fed but 1133 00:23:11,200 --> 00:23:13,770 gonna be okay you're warm you're fed but now you're bored so what would they 1134 00:23:13,770 --> 00:23:13,780 now you're bored so what would they 1135 00:23:13,780 --> 00:23:15,180 now you're bored so what would they essentially do over the winter is to 1136 00:23:15,180 --> 00:23:15,190 essentially do over the winter is to 1137 00:23:15,190 --> 00:23:17,039 essentially do over the winter is to keep themselves you know not only to 1138 00:23:17,039 --> 00:23:17,049 keep themselves you know not only to 1139 00:23:17,049 --> 00:23:19,680 keep themselves you know not only to maintain you know probably collecting 1140 00:23:19,680 --> 00:23:19,690 maintain you know probably collecting 1141 00:23:19,690 --> 00:23:21,419 maintain you know probably collecting firewood and water and stuff we've said 1142 00:23:21,419 --> 00:23:21,429 firewood and water and stuff we've said 1143 00:23:21,429 --> 00:23:22,740 firewood and water and stuff we've said but what would they do you know to keep 1144 00:23:22,740 --> 00:23:22,750 but what would they do you know to keep 1145 00:23:22,750 --> 00:23:25,260 but what would they do you know to keep themselves saying yeah I mean other than 1146 00:23:25,260 --> 00:23:25,270 themselves saying yeah I mean other than 1147 00:23:25,270 --> 00:23:26,820 themselves saying yeah I mean other than as you said like the sort of day-to-day 1148 00:23:26,820 --> 00:23:26,830 as you said like the sort of day-to-day 1149 00:23:26,830 --> 00:23:28,799 as you said like the sort of day-to-day stuff that you can't avoid doing 1150 00:23:28,799 --> 00:23:28,809 stuff that you can't avoid doing 1151 00:23:28,809 --> 00:23:31,049 stuff that you can't avoid doing collecting firewood doing any sort of 1152 00:23:31,049 --> 00:23:31,059 collecting firewood doing any sort of 1153 00:23:31,059 --> 00:23:32,850 collecting firewood doing any sort of maintenance or upkeep or things like 1154 00:23:32,850 --> 00:23:32,860 maintenance or upkeep or things like 1155 00:23:32,860 --> 00:23:37,740 maintenance or upkeep or things like that you know you're gonna be doing kind 1156 00:23:37,740 --> 00:23:37,750 that you know you're gonna be doing kind 1157 00:23:37,750 --> 00:23:39,600 that you know you're gonna be doing kind of the same thing you would do at night 1158 00:23:39,600 --> 00:23:39,610 of the same thing you would do at night 1159 00:23:39,610 --> 00:23:43,230 of the same thing you would do at night you know it's talking with people doing 1160 00:23:43,230 --> 00:23:43,240 you know it's talking with people doing 1161 00:23:43,240 --> 00:23:45,510 you know it's talking with people doing any sort of day-to-day crafts sewing 1162 00:23:45,510 --> 00:23:45,520 any sort of day-to-day crafts sewing 1163 00:23:45,520 --> 00:23:49,500 any sort of day-to-day crafts sewing things spinning spinning homespun wool 1164 00:23:49,500 --> 00:23:49,510 things spinning spinning homespun wool 1165 00:23:49,510 --> 00:23:52,950 things spinning spinning homespun wool telling stories reciting poetry playing 1166 00:23:52,950 --> 00:23:52,960 telling stories reciting poetry playing 1167 00:23:52,960 --> 00:23:56,370 telling stories reciting poetry playing games all sorts of games that were that 1168 00:23:56,370 --> 00:23:56,380 games all sorts of games that were that 1169 00:23:56,380 --> 00:23:59,279 games all sorts of games that were that were played during the during the winter 1170 00:23:59,279 --> 00:23:59,289 were played during the during the winter 1171 00:23:59,289 --> 00:24:00,570 were played during the during the winter would be played during the summer as 1172 00:24:00,570 --> 00:24:00,580 would be played during the summer as 1173 00:24:00,580 --> 00:24:02,909 would be played during the summer as well you know things like Natasha which 1174 00:24:02,909 --> 00:24:02,919 well you know things like Natasha which 1175 00:24:02,919 --> 00:24:04,950 well you know things like Natasha which is a sort of a board game that kind of 1176 00:24:04,950 --> 00:24:04,960 is a sort of a board game that kind of 1177 00:24:04,960 --> 00:24:07,940 is a sort of a board game that kind of combines checkers and chess you know 1178 00:24:07,940 --> 00:24:07,950 combines checkers and chess you know 1179 00:24:07,950 --> 00:24:12,029 combines checkers and chess you know dicing like we have found dice from 1180 00:24:12,029 --> 00:24:12,039 dicing like we have found dice from 1181 00:24:12,039 --> 00:24:14,100 dicing like we have found dice from roughly this period all across the world 1182 00:24:14,100 --> 00:24:14,110 roughly this period all across the world 1183 00:24:14,110 --> 00:24:15,840 roughly this period all across the world so you know people are playing dice 1184 00:24:15,840 --> 00:24:15,850 so you know people are playing dice 1185 00:24:15,850 --> 00:24:19,200 so you know people are playing dice people are are just kind of hanging out 1186 00:24:19,200 --> 00:24:19,210 people are are just kind of hanging out 1187 00:24:19,210 --> 00:24:23,399 people are are just kind of hanging out with their extended family and doing the 1188 00:24:23,399 --> 00:24:23,409 with their extended family and doing the 1189 00:24:23,409 --> 00:24:25,260 with their extended family and doing the the same sort of things that they would 1190 00:24:25,260 --> 00:24:25,270 the same sort of things that they would 1191 00:24:25,270 --> 00:24:26,370 the same sort of things that they would do 1192 00:24:26,370 --> 00:24:26,380 do 1193 00:24:26,380 --> 00:24:29,880 do at any other point of the year you know 1194 00:24:29,880 --> 00:24:29,890 at any other point of the year you know 1195 00:24:29,890 --> 00:24:31,620 at any other point of the year you know they had ways to get around as well 1196 00:24:31,620 --> 00:24:31,630 they had ways to get around as well 1197 00:24:31,630 --> 00:24:33,779 they had ways to get around as well snowshoes I don't know if they had skis 1198 00:24:33,779 --> 00:24:33,789 snowshoes I don't know if they had skis 1199 00:24:33,789 --> 00:24:35,220 snowshoes I don't know if they had skis at this point but yeah it's still ooh 1200 00:24:35,220 --> 00:24:35,230 at this point but yeah it's still ooh 1201 00:24:35,230 --> 00:24:36,990 at this point but yeah it's still ooh travel pretty well yes skiing is 1202 00:24:36,990 --> 00:24:37,000 travel pretty well yes skiing is 1203 00:24:37,000 --> 00:24:39,600 travel pretty well yes skiing is actually that's one of the oldest 1204 00:24:39,600 --> 00:24:39,610 actually that's one of the oldest 1205 00:24:39,610 --> 00:24:41,190 actually that's one of the oldest methods of transport that we know of 1206 00:24:41,190 --> 00:24:41,200 methods of transport that we know of 1207 00:24:41,200 --> 00:24:44,570 methods of transport that we know of from Scandinavia skiing goes back 1208 00:24:44,570 --> 00:24:44,580 from Scandinavia skiing goes back 1209 00:24:44,580 --> 00:24:46,919 from Scandinavia skiing goes back thousands of years up in that part of 1210 00:24:46,919 --> 00:24:46,929 thousands of years up in that part of 1211 00:24:46,929 --> 00:24:49,169 thousands of years up in that part of the world so they had plenty of ways to 1212 00:24:49,169 --> 00:24:49,179 the world so they had plenty of ways to 1213 00:24:49,179 --> 00:24:51,960 the world so they had plenty of ways to get around not necessarily snowshoes but 1214 00:24:51,960 --> 00:24:51,970 get around not necessarily snowshoes but 1215 00:24:51,970 --> 00:24:57,659 get around not necessarily snowshoes but it's for sure and also I mean while when 1216 00:24:57,659 --> 00:24:57,669 it's for sure and also I mean while when 1217 00:24:57,669 --> 00:25:01,950 it's for sure and also I mean while when you read in in the sagas my personal 1218 00:25:01,950 --> 00:25:01,960 you read in in the sagas my personal 1219 00:25:01,960 --> 00:25:03,960 you read in in the sagas my personal favorite is is an episode from gisla 1220 00:25:03,960 --> 00:25:03,970 favorite is is an episode from gisla 1221 00:25:03,970 --> 00:25:05,970 favorite is is an episode from gisla saga where he describes going where it's 1222 00:25:05,970 --> 00:25:05,980 saga where he describes going where it's 1223 00:25:05,980 --> 00:25:08,460 saga where he describes going where it's described you know going from one farm 1224 00:25:08,460 --> 00:25:08,470 described you know going from one farm 1225 00:25:08,470 --> 00:25:11,340 described you know going from one farm to the next in winter and it's this epic 1226 00:25:11,340 --> 00:25:11,350 to the next in winter and it's this epic 1227 00:25:11,350 --> 00:25:14,100 to the next in winter and it's this epic journey that you know it seems to drag 1228 00:25:14,100 --> 00:25:14,110 journey that you know it seems to drag 1229 00:25:14,110 --> 00:25:16,649 journey that you know it seems to drag on for days and days because the Sun 1230 00:25:16,649 --> 00:25:16,659 on for days and days because the Sun 1231 00:25:16,659 --> 00:25:19,020 on for days and days because the Sun doesn't come up the actual distance is 1232 00:25:19,020 --> 00:25:19,030 doesn't come up the actual distance is 1233 00:25:19,030 --> 00:25:20,610 doesn't come up the actual distance is maybe a kilometer and a half and it 1234 00:25:20,610 --> 00:25:20,620 maybe a kilometer and a half and it 1235 00:25:20,620 --> 00:25:22,110 maybe a kilometer and a half and it probably in the length takes about two 1236 00:25:22,110 --> 00:25:22,120 probably in the length takes about two 1237 00:25:22,120 --> 00:25:25,080 probably in the length takes about two hours to walk there maybe three if it's 1238 00:25:25,080 --> 00:25:25,090 hours to walk there maybe three if it's 1239 00:25:25,090 --> 00:25:28,230 hours to walk there maybe three if it's if it's really badly snowed in but you 1240 00:25:28,230 --> 00:25:28,240 if it's really badly snowed in but you 1241 00:25:28,240 --> 00:25:31,649 if it's really badly snowed in but you know you're you're not always going to 1242 00:25:31,649 --> 00:25:31,659 know you're you're not always going to 1243 00:25:31,659 --> 00:25:36,390 know you're you're not always going to be bound to the to the house or to the 1244 00:25:36,390 --> 00:25:36,400 be bound to the to the house or to the 1245 00:25:36,400 --> 00:25:39,060 be bound to the to the house or to the farm area itself you can travel it's 1246 00:25:39,060 --> 00:25:39,070 farm area itself you can travel it's 1247 00:25:39,070 --> 00:25:40,649 farm area itself you can travel it's just one of those things that if you 1248 00:25:40,649 --> 00:25:40,659 just one of those things that if you 1249 00:25:40,659 --> 00:25:42,180 just one of those things that if you have to travel if you don't have to 1250 00:25:42,180 --> 00:25:42,190 have to travel if you don't have to 1251 00:25:42,190 --> 00:25:45,260 have to travel if you don't have to travel you don't just because it is 1252 00:25:45,260 --> 00:25:45,270 travel you don't just because it is 1253 00:25:45,270 --> 00:25:48,299 travel you don't just because it is exceptionally unpleasant to travel long 1254 00:25:48,299 --> 00:25:48,309 exceptionally unpleasant to travel long 1255 00:25:48,309 --> 00:25:50,930 exceptionally unpleasant to travel long distances without a whole lot of 1256 00:25:50,930 --> 00:25:50,940 distances without a whole lot of 1257 00:25:50,940 --> 00:25:53,310 distances without a whole lot of especially compared to modern day 1258 00:25:53,310 --> 00:25:53,320 especially compared to modern day 1259 00:25:53,320 --> 00:25:56,909 especially compared to modern day without a whole lot of warming stuff to 1260 00:25:56,909 --> 00:25:56,919 without a whole lot of warming stuff to 1261 00:25:56,919 --> 00:26:00,299 without a whole lot of warming stuff to keep you warm right and another thing to 1262 00:26:00,299 --> 00:26:00,309 keep you warm right and another thing to 1263 00:26:00,309 --> 00:26:02,909 keep you warm right and another thing to draw parallels to modern day when I was 1264 00:26:02,909 --> 00:26:02,919 draw parallels to modern day when I was 1265 00:26:02,919 --> 00:26:05,279 draw parallels to modern day when I was doing research for kind of the Viking 1266 00:26:05,279 --> 00:26:05,289 doing research for kind of the Viking 1267 00:26:05,289 --> 00:26:07,380 doing research for kind of the Viking military and their training part of the 1268 00:26:07,380 --> 00:26:07,390 military and their training part of the 1269 00:26:07,390 --> 00:26:09,330 military and their training part of the thing that I found is that in in their 1270 00:26:09,330 --> 00:26:09,340 thing that I found is that in in their 1271 00:26:09,340 --> 00:26:11,940 thing that I found is that in in their youth they would use snowball fights 1272 00:26:11,940 --> 00:26:11,950 youth they would use snowball fights 1273 00:26:11,950 --> 00:26:14,970 youth they would use snowball fights I think it's training for their military 1274 00:26:14,970 --> 00:26:14,980 I think it's training for their military 1275 00:26:14,980 --> 00:26:16,409 I think it's training for their military so they would build like little little 1276 00:26:16,409 --> 00:26:16,419 so they would build like little little 1277 00:26:16,419 --> 00:26:17,940 so they would build like little little fortresses and then different teams 1278 00:26:17,940 --> 00:26:17,950 fortresses and then different teams 1279 00:26:17,950 --> 00:26:19,320 fortresses and then different teams would spend time attacking each other 1280 00:26:19,320 --> 00:26:19,330 would spend time attacking each other 1281 00:26:19,330 --> 00:26:20,669 would spend time attacking each other maybe they might have a shield to like 1282 00:26:20,669 --> 00:26:20,679 maybe they might have a shield to like 1283 00:26:20,679 --> 00:26:22,799 maybe they might have a shield to like protect themselves from incoming fire so 1284 00:26:22,799 --> 00:26:22,809 protect themselves from incoming fire so 1285 00:26:22,809 --> 00:26:24,149 protect themselves from incoming fire so snowball fight is very much a thing in 1286 00:26:24,149 --> 00:26:24,159 snowball fight is very much a thing in 1287 00:26:24,159 --> 00:26:25,980 snowball fight is very much a thing in the past and it's always funny to think 1288 00:26:25,980 --> 00:26:25,990 the past and it's always funny to think 1289 00:26:25,990 --> 00:26:27,750 the past and it's always funny to think of like modern you know children playing 1290 00:26:27,750 --> 00:26:27,760 of like modern you know children playing 1291 00:26:27,760 --> 00:26:29,130 of like modern you know children playing snowball fights but you have Viking kids 1292 00:26:29,130 --> 00:26:29,140 snowball fights but you have Viking kids 1293 00:26:29,140 --> 00:26:30,659 snowball fights but you have Viking kids also having snowball fights as well oh 1294 00:26:30,659 --> 00:26:30,669 also having snowball fights as well oh 1295 00:26:30,669 --> 00:26:32,700 also having snowball fights as well oh yeah absolutely I mean you know sports 1296 00:26:32,700 --> 00:26:32,710 yeah absolutely I mean you know sports 1297 00:26:32,710 --> 00:26:34,680 yeah absolutely I mean you know sports and things like that you can you can 1298 00:26:34,680 --> 00:26:34,690 and things like that you can you can 1299 00:26:34,690 --> 00:26:36,720 and things like that you can you can play anything in the snow all right 1300 00:26:36,720 --> 00:26:36,730 play anything in the snow all right 1301 00:26:36,730 --> 00:26:38,870 play anything in the snow all right there's there's there's no real 1302 00:26:38,870 --> 00:26:38,880 there's there's there's no real 1303 00:26:38,880 --> 00:26:40,280 there's there's there's no real restriction 1304 00:26:40,280 --> 00:26:40,290 restriction 1305 00:26:40,290 --> 00:26:44,000 restriction on a lot of you know ballgames and 1306 00:26:44,000 --> 00:26:44,010 on a lot of you know ballgames and 1307 00:26:44,010 --> 00:26:46,060 on a lot of you know ballgames and wrestling and things like that and 1308 00:26:46,060 --> 00:26:46,070 wrestling and things like that and 1309 00:26:46,070 --> 00:26:48,890 wrestling and things like that and snowball fights absolutely would be a 1310 00:26:48,890 --> 00:26:48,900 snowball fights absolutely would be a 1311 00:26:48,900 --> 00:26:51,500 snowball fights absolutely would be a thing I can't think of even even people 1312 00:26:51,500 --> 00:26:51,510 thing I can't think of even even people 1313 00:26:51,510 --> 00:26:53,060 thing I can't think of even even people who have never seen snow in their life 1314 00:26:53,060 --> 00:26:53,070 who have never seen snow in their life 1315 00:26:53,070 --> 00:26:56,960 who have never seen snow in their life all right you know you put them out in 1316 00:26:56,960 --> 00:26:56,970 all right you know you put them out in 1317 00:26:56,970 --> 00:27:00,410 all right you know you put them out in out in southern Ontario in in February 1318 00:27:00,410 --> 00:27:00,420 out in southern Ontario in in February 1319 00:27:00,420 --> 00:27:02,720 out in southern Ontario in in February and there's a big pile of snow the very 1320 00:27:02,720 --> 00:27:02,730 and there's a big pile of snow the very 1321 00:27:02,730 --> 00:27:04,220 and there's a big pile of snow the very first thing the kids will do pick it up 1322 00:27:04,220 --> 00:27:04,230 first thing the kids will do pick it up 1323 00:27:04,230 --> 00:27:06,320 first thing the kids will do pick it up and throw it at each other right so I 1324 00:27:06,320 --> 00:27:06,330 and throw it at each other right so I 1325 00:27:06,330 --> 00:27:07,700 and throw it at each other right so I mean we've been we've been doing that 1326 00:27:07,700 --> 00:27:07,710 mean we've been we've been doing that 1327 00:27:07,710 --> 00:27:09,590 mean we've been we've been doing that forever so yeah snowball fights you know 1328 00:27:09,590 --> 00:27:09,600 forever so yeah snowball fights you know 1329 00:27:09,600 --> 00:27:11,300 forever so yeah snowball fights you know building little snow forts things like 1330 00:27:11,300 --> 00:27:11,310 building little snow forts things like 1331 00:27:11,310 --> 00:27:15,280 building little snow forts things like that I I can't see that not happening 1332 00:27:15,280 --> 00:27:15,290 that I I can't see that not happening 1333 00:27:15,290 --> 00:27:18,260 that I I can't see that not happening yeah and then another important thing as 1334 00:27:18,260 --> 00:27:18,270 yeah and then another important thing as 1335 00:27:18,270 --> 00:27:19,850 yeah and then another important thing as well because in the previous episode we 1336 00:27:19,850 --> 00:27:19,860 well because in the previous episode we 1337 00:27:19,860 --> 00:27:22,160 well because in the previous episode we talked about the Vikings kind of more 1338 00:27:22,160 --> 00:27:22,170 talked about the Vikings kind of more 1339 00:27:22,170 --> 00:27:23,450 talked about the Vikings kind of more doing the thing they're known for which 1340 00:27:23,450 --> 00:27:23,460 doing the thing they're known for which 1341 00:27:23,460 --> 00:27:26,000 doing the thing they're known for which is raiding and trading and the winter 1342 00:27:26,000 --> 00:27:26,010 is raiding and trading and the winter 1343 00:27:26,010 --> 00:27:26,480 is raiding and trading and the winter months 1344 00:27:26,480 --> 00:27:26,490 months 1345 00:27:26,490 --> 00:27:28,760 months I think we're somewhat integrated in 1346 00:27:28,760 --> 00:27:28,770 I think we're somewhat integrated in 1347 00:27:28,770 --> 00:27:29,990 I think we're somewhat integrated in this where if they were planning a 1348 00:27:29,990 --> 00:27:30,000 this where if they were planning a 1349 00:27:30,000 --> 00:27:31,550 this where if they were planning a campaign they would spend the winter 1350 00:27:31,550 --> 00:27:31,560 campaign they would spend the winter 1351 00:27:31,560 --> 00:27:33,650 campaign they would spend the winter months in some ways preparing the tools 1352 00:27:33,650 --> 00:27:33,660 months in some ways preparing the tools 1353 00:27:33,660 --> 00:27:35,150 months in some ways preparing the tools and equipment and especially the the 1354 00:27:35,150 --> 00:27:35,160 and equipment and especially the the 1355 00:27:35,160 --> 00:27:38,390 and equipment and especially the the long ship sails as well yeah yeah and I 1356 00:27:38,390 --> 00:27:38,400 long ship sails as well yeah yeah and I 1357 00:27:38,400 --> 00:27:40,490 long ship sails as well yeah yeah and I mean that's that's it you know at that 1358 00:27:40,490 --> 00:27:40,500 mean that's that's it you know at that 1359 00:27:40,500 --> 00:27:43,300 mean that's that's it you know at that point where all of the farming is done 1360 00:27:43,300 --> 00:27:43,310 point where all of the farming is done 1361 00:27:43,310 --> 00:27:47,060 point where all of the farming is done where all of the the really hard work of 1362 00:27:47,060 --> 00:27:47,070 where all of the the really hard work of 1363 00:27:47,070 --> 00:27:50,960 where all of the the really hard work of the the late spring summer and early 1364 00:27:50,960 --> 00:27:50,970 the the late spring summer and early 1365 00:27:50,970 --> 00:27:53,660 the the late spring summer and early autumn is finished that's when you can 1366 00:27:53,660 --> 00:27:53,670 autumn is finished that's when you can 1367 00:27:53,670 --> 00:27:55,220 autumn is finished that's when you can start working on other things you can 1368 00:27:55,220 --> 00:27:55,230 start working on other things you can 1369 00:27:55,230 --> 00:27:58,150 start working on other things you can start working on on if you're not a 1370 00:27:58,150 --> 00:27:58,160 start working on on if you're not a 1371 00:27:58,160 --> 00:28:00,890 start working on on if you're not a dedicated sail maker you can start work 1372 00:28:00,890 --> 00:28:00,900 dedicated sail maker you can start work 1373 00:28:00,900 --> 00:28:04,120 dedicated sail maker you can start work work on your sails you can start work on 1374 00:28:04,120 --> 00:28:04,130 work on your sails you can start work on 1375 00:28:04,130 --> 00:28:06,830 work on your sails you can start work on other projects that you might not have 1376 00:28:06,830 --> 00:28:06,840 other projects that you might not have 1377 00:28:06,840 --> 00:28:09,410 other projects that you might not have had the time to devote all of your 1378 00:28:09,410 --> 00:28:09,420 had the time to devote all of your 1379 00:28:09,420 --> 00:28:13,150 had the time to devote all of your energies to during farming season yeah 1380 00:28:13,150 --> 00:28:13,160 energies to during farming season yeah 1381 00:28:13,160 --> 00:28:15,500 energies to during farming season yeah and this is also kind of a bit of an 1382 00:28:15,500 --> 00:28:15,510 and this is also kind of a bit of an 1383 00:28:15,510 --> 00:28:16,790 and this is also kind of a bit of an aside but I've been playing the game 1384 00:28:16,790 --> 00:28:16,800 aside but I've been playing the game 1385 00:28:16,800 --> 00:28:19,310 aside but I've been playing the game North Guard as well know where you do 1386 00:28:19,310 --> 00:28:19,320 North Guard as well know where you do 1387 00:28:19,320 --> 00:28:21,260 North Guard as well know where you do actually ended up kind of using this 1388 00:28:21,260 --> 00:28:21,270 actually ended up kind of using this 1389 00:28:21,270 --> 00:28:22,940 actually ended up kind of using this where during the summer time you're 1390 00:28:22,940 --> 00:28:22,950 where during the summer time you're 1391 00:28:22,950 --> 00:28:24,140 where during the summer time you're spending a lot of your time farming 1392 00:28:24,140 --> 00:28:24,150 spending a lot of your time farming 1393 00:28:24,150 --> 00:28:25,790 spending a lot of your time farming being very productive building up your 1394 00:28:25,790 --> 00:28:25,800 being very productive building up your 1395 00:28:25,800 --> 00:28:27,620 being very productive building up your food storage and in the winter months 1396 00:28:27,620 --> 00:28:27,630 food storage and in the winter months 1397 00:28:27,630 --> 00:28:29,480 food storage and in the winter months that's where you transition your economy 1398 00:28:29,480 --> 00:28:29,490 that's where you transition your economy 1399 00:28:29,490 --> 00:28:31,070 that's where you transition your economy over into production mode because you 1400 00:28:31,070 --> 00:28:31,080 over into production mode because you 1401 00:28:31,080 --> 00:28:32,840 over into production mode because you have all the food even if you try and 1402 00:28:32,840 --> 00:28:32,850 have all the food even if you try and 1403 00:28:32,850 --> 00:28:33,920 have all the food even if you try and produce food you're not going to be very 1404 00:28:33,920 --> 00:28:33,930 produce food you're not going to be very 1405 00:28:33,930 --> 00:28:35,360 produce food you're not going to be very efficient at it so now you kind of 1406 00:28:35,360 --> 00:28:35,370 efficient at it so now you kind of 1407 00:28:35,370 --> 00:28:38,000 efficient at it so now you kind of switch over to more production focus so 1408 00:28:38,000 --> 00:28:38,010 switch over to more production focus so 1409 00:28:38,010 --> 00:28:39,260 switch over to more production focus so it was great to see kind of those 1410 00:28:39,260 --> 00:28:39,270 it was great to see kind of those 1411 00:28:39,270 --> 00:28:41,990 it was great to see kind of those parallels yeah for sure and and that's 1412 00:28:41,990 --> 00:28:42,000 parallels yeah for sure and and that's 1413 00:28:42,000 --> 00:28:44,660 parallels yeah for sure and and that's that's kind of the way that we as a 1414 00:28:44,660 --> 00:28:44,670 that's kind of the way that we as a 1415 00:28:44,670 --> 00:28:46,490 that's kind of the way that we as a species have always worked is that once 1416 00:28:46,490 --> 00:28:46,500 species have always worked is that once 1417 00:28:46,500 --> 00:28:48,230 species have always worked is that once we've gotten all of our food laid away 1418 00:28:48,230 --> 00:28:48,240 we've gotten all of our food laid away 1419 00:28:48,240 --> 00:28:50,360 we've gotten all of our food laid away then we can do stuff with it all right 1420 00:28:50,360 --> 00:28:50,370 then we can do stuff with it all right 1421 00:28:50,370 --> 00:28:51,410 then we can do stuff with it all right once we've got all these resources 1422 00:28:51,410 --> 00:28:51,420 once we've got all these resources 1423 00:28:51,420 --> 00:28:53,040 once we've got all these resources collected then we can do stuff 1424 00:28:53,040 --> 00:28:53,050 collected then we can do stuff 1425 00:28:53,050 --> 00:28:55,590 collected then we can do stuff and winter is a good time for that sweet 1426 00:28:55,590 --> 00:28:55,600 and winter is a good time for that sweet 1427 00:28:55,600 --> 00:28:57,450 and winter is a good time for that sweet well let's move into the the next big 1428 00:28:57,450 --> 00:28:57,460 well let's move into the the next big 1429 00:28:57,460 --> 00:28:59,310 well let's move into the the next big one so we've stated what the winner was 1430 00:28:59,310 --> 00:28:59,320 one so we've stated what the winner was 1431 00:28:59,320 --> 00:29:01,020 one so we've stated what the winner was alike how they survived them what they 1432 00:29:01,020 --> 00:29:01,030 alike how they survived them what they 1433 00:29:01,030 --> 00:29:02,430 alike how they survived them what they did and then now it's gonna be kind of 1434 00:29:02,430 --> 00:29:02,440 did and then now it's gonna be kind of 1435 00:29:02,440 --> 00:29:04,470 did and then now it's gonna be kind of in the long sense how did doing this 1436 00:29:04,470 --> 00:29:04,480 in the long sense how did doing this 1437 00:29:04,480 --> 00:29:07,620 in the long sense how did doing this every season impact them as a whole as a 1438 00:29:07,620 --> 00:29:07,630 every season impact them as a whole as a 1439 00:29:07,630 --> 00:29:10,080 every season impact them as a whole as a culture and just again to draw parallels 1440 00:29:10,080 --> 00:29:10,090 culture and just again to draw parallels 1441 00:29:10,090 --> 00:29:11,310 culture and just again to draw parallels this is you know something that you'll 1442 00:29:11,310 --> 00:29:11,320 this is you know something that you'll 1443 00:29:11,320 --> 00:29:13,830 this is you know something that you'll find all across the world I mean Jared 1444 00:29:13,830 --> 00:29:13,840 find all across the world I mean Jared 1445 00:29:13,840 --> 00:29:15,270 find all across the world I mean Jared Diamond for instance is kind of famous 1446 00:29:15,270 --> 00:29:15,280 Diamond for instance is kind of famous 1447 00:29:15,280 --> 00:29:17,790 Diamond for instance is kind of famous famous for his gun germs and steel where 1448 00:29:17,790 --> 00:29:17,800 famous for his gun germs and steel where 1449 00:29:17,800 --> 00:29:19,080 famous for his gun germs and steel where he tries to talk about how different 1450 00:29:19,080 --> 00:29:19,090 he tries to talk about how different 1451 00:29:19,090 --> 00:29:20,790 he tries to talk about how different cultures and a lot of human history is 1452 00:29:20,790 --> 00:29:20,800 cultures and a lot of human history is 1453 00:29:20,800 --> 00:29:21,750 cultures and a lot of human history is derived from where they were 1454 00:29:21,750 --> 00:29:21,760 derived from where they were 1455 00:29:21,760 --> 00:29:23,850 derived from where they were geographically now I know there's a lot 1456 00:29:23,850 --> 00:29:23,860 geographically now I know there's a lot 1457 00:29:23,860 --> 00:29:25,530 geographically now I know there's a lot of criticism for how deterministic it is 1458 00:29:25,530 --> 00:29:25,540 of criticism for how deterministic it is 1459 00:29:25,540 --> 00:29:28,470 of criticism for how deterministic it is but still there's an undeniable link so 1460 00:29:28,470 --> 00:29:28,480 but still there's an undeniable link so 1461 00:29:28,480 --> 00:29:29,760 but still there's an undeniable link so for instance one of the things is like 1462 00:29:29,760 --> 00:29:29,770 for instance one of the things is like 1463 00:29:29,770 --> 00:29:32,430 for instance one of the things is like in Mesopotamia early on the humans there 1464 00:29:32,430 --> 00:29:32,440 in Mesopotamia early on the humans there 1465 00:29:32,440 --> 00:29:34,610 in Mesopotamia early on the humans there had a lot of problems with flash floods 1466 00:29:34,610 --> 00:29:34,620 had a lot of problems with flash floods 1467 00:29:34,620 --> 00:29:37,410 had a lot of problems with flash floods storms that would come sweeping in with 1468 00:29:37,410 --> 00:29:37,420 storms that would come sweeping in with 1469 00:29:37,420 --> 00:29:39,240 storms that would come sweeping in with little notice and then therefore their 1470 00:29:39,240 --> 00:29:39,250 little notice and then therefore their 1471 00:29:39,250 --> 00:29:40,770 little notice and then therefore their view of the Gods was these kids these 1472 00:29:40,770 --> 00:29:40,780 view of the Gods was these kids these 1473 00:29:40,780 --> 00:29:42,180 view of the Gods was these kids these guys don't care about them their view of 1474 00:29:42,180 --> 00:29:42,190 guys don't care about them their view of 1475 00:29:42,190 --> 00:29:45,150 guys don't care about them their view of the afterlife was pretty bleak and then 1476 00:29:45,150 --> 00:29:45,160 the afterlife was pretty bleak and then 1477 00:29:45,160 --> 00:29:46,650 the afterlife was pretty bleak and then you turn to the Egyptians and they have 1478 00:29:46,650 --> 00:29:46,660 you turn to the Egyptians and they have 1479 00:29:46,660 --> 00:29:49,320 you turn to the Egyptians and they have you know more mild climates with cycles 1480 00:29:49,320 --> 00:29:49,330 you know more mild climates with cycles 1481 00:29:49,330 --> 00:29:52,290 you know more mild climates with cycles of fertility with flooding of the Nile 1482 00:29:52,290 --> 00:29:52,300 of fertility with flooding of the Nile 1483 00:29:52,300 --> 00:29:53,910 of fertility with flooding of the Nile that would bring life and rebirth and 1484 00:29:53,910 --> 00:29:53,920 that would bring life and rebirth and 1485 00:29:53,920 --> 00:29:55,710 that would bring life and rebirth and regrowth and that kind of drives our 1486 00:29:55,710 --> 00:29:55,720 regrowth and that kind of drives our 1487 00:29:55,720 --> 00:29:57,180 regrowth and that kind of drives our mythology so in all of these you kind of 1488 00:29:57,180 --> 00:29:57,190 mythology so in all of these you kind of 1489 00:29:57,190 --> 00:29:59,010 mythology so in all of these you kind of have the weather and the terrain and all 1490 00:29:59,010 --> 00:29:59,020 have the weather and the terrain and all 1491 00:29:59,020 --> 00:30:01,230 have the weather and the terrain and all that impacting the development of their 1492 00:30:01,230 --> 00:30:01,240 that impacting the development of their 1493 00:30:01,240 --> 00:30:02,580 that impacting the development of their culture so with that being said we can 1494 00:30:02,580 --> 00:30:02,590 culture so with that being said we can 1495 00:30:02,590 --> 00:30:04,620 culture so with that being said we can turn to you know maybe the Viking aspect 1496 00:30:04,620 --> 00:30:04,630 turn to you know maybe the Viking aspect 1497 00:30:04,630 --> 00:30:07,650 turn to you know maybe the Viking aspect of that well yeah I mean there's there's 1498 00:30:07,650 --> 00:30:07,660 of that well yeah I mean there's there's 1499 00:30:07,660 --> 00:30:11,850 of that well yeah I mean there's there's definitely something to be said for the 1500 00:30:11,850 --> 00:30:11,860 definitely something to be said for the 1501 00:30:11,860 --> 00:30:14,220 definitely something to be said for the fact that winters were not pleasant to 1502 00:30:14,220 --> 00:30:14,230 fact that winters were not pleasant to 1503 00:30:14,230 --> 00:30:18,390 fact that winters were not pleasant to be out in influencing the culture when 1504 00:30:18,390 --> 00:30:18,400 be out in influencing the culture when 1505 00:30:18,400 --> 00:30:21,420 be out in influencing the culture when we look at how them all which is part of 1506 00:30:21,420 --> 00:30:21,430 we look at how them all which is part of 1507 00:30:21,430 --> 00:30:23,250 we look at how them all which is part of the pro of the poetic Edda rather excuse 1508 00:30:23,250 --> 00:30:23,260 the pro of the poetic Edda rather excuse 1509 00:30:23,260 --> 00:30:24,900 the pro of the poetic Edda rather excuse me it acts kind of like a how-to guide 1510 00:30:24,900 --> 00:30:24,910 me it acts kind of like a how-to guide 1511 00:30:24,910 --> 00:30:27,900 me it acts kind of like a how-to guide for living a proper life it begins the 1512 00:30:27,900 --> 00:30:27,910 for living a proper life it begins the 1513 00:30:27,910 --> 00:30:31,340 for living a proper life it begins the the first real sort of advice it gives 1514 00:30:31,340 --> 00:30:31,350 the first real sort of advice it gives 1515 00:30:31,350 --> 00:30:33,900 the first real sort of advice it gives in the first four stanzas of the poem 1516 00:30:33,900 --> 00:30:33,910 in the first four stanzas of the poem 1517 00:30:33,910 --> 00:30:36,630 in the first four stanzas of the poem are basically saying make sure you've 1518 00:30:36,630 --> 00:30:36,640 are basically saying make sure you've 1519 00:30:36,640 --> 00:30:39,030 are basically saying make sure you've got space for random people to show up 1520 00:30:39,030 --> 00:30:39,040 got space for random people to show up 1521 00:30:39,040 --> 00:30:42,240 got space for random people to show up and stay at your your house make sure 1522 00:30:42,240 --> 00:30:42,250 and stay at your your house make sure 1523 00:30:42,250 --> 00:30:44,490 and stay at your your house make sure you've got food drink towels and dry 1524 00:30:44,490 --> 00:30:44,500 you've got food drink towels and dry 1525 00:30:44,500 --> 00:30:47,690 you've got food drink towels and dry clothes hanging around just in case and 1526 00:30:47,690 --> 00:30:47,700 clothes hanging around just in case and 1527 00:30:47,700 --> 00:30:50,160 clothes hanging around just in case and you know make sure that you're going to 1528 00:30:50,160 --> 00:30:50,170 you know make sure that you're going to 1529 00:30:50,170 --> 00:30:53,430 you know make sure that you're going to be a generous host to people who show up 1530 00:30:53,430 --> 00:30:53,440 be a generous host to people who show up 1531 00:30:53,440 --> 00:30:56,070 be a generous host to people who show up in the winter because being outside and 1532 00:30:56,070 --> 00:30:56,080 in the winter because being outside and 1533 00:30:56,080 --> 00:30:58,680 in the winter because being outside and winter sucks it's awfully cold and it's 1534 00:30:58,680 --> 00:30:58,690 winter sucks it's awfully cold and it's 1535 00:30:58,690 --> 00:31:01,320 winter sucks it's awfully cold and it's awfully wet and people will need warmth 1536 00:31:01,320 --> 00:31:01,330 awfully wet and people will need warmth 1537 00:31:01,330 --> 00:31:04,800 awfully wet and people will need warmth and comfort if they are looking for if 1538 00:31:04,800 --> 00:31:04,810 and comfort if they are looking for if 1539 00:31:04,810 --> 00:31:06,780 and comfort if they are looking for if they're there on their way from 1540 00:31:06,780 --> 00:31:06,790 they're there on their way from 1541 00:31:06,790 --> 00:31:10,140 they're there on their way from place to the other you know it's it's a 1542 00:31:10,140 --> 00:31:10,150 place to the other you know it's it's a 1543 00:31:10,150 --> 00:31:14,870 place to the other you know it's it's a sort of there's a definite sense that 1544 00:31:14,870 --> 00:31:14,880 sort of there's a definite sense that 1545 00:31:14,880 --> 00:31:19,230 sort of there's a definite sense that being a traveler at any time of the year 1546 00:31:19,230 --> 00:31:19,240 being a traveler at any time of the year 1547 00:31:19,240 --> 00:31:20,880 being a traveler at any time of the year you should expect hospitality but 1548 00:31:20,880 --> 00:31:20,890 you should expect hospitality but 1549 00:31:20,890 --> 00:31:23,970 you should expect hospitality but especially during the winter you should 1550 00:31:23,970 --> 00:31:23,980 especially during the winter you should 1551 00:31:23,980 --> 00:31:27,720 especially during the winter you should be you should be as a traveler expecting 1552 00:31:27,720 --> 00:31:27,730 be you should be as a traveler expecting 1553 00:31:27,730 --> 00:31:31,800 be you should be as a traveler expecting hospitality but also as a host you know 1554 00:31:31,800 --> 00:31:31,810 hospitality but also as a host you know 1555 00:31:31,810 --> 00:31:35,340 hospitality but also as a host you know be prepared to provide that hospitality 1556 00:31:35,340 --> 00:31:35,350 be prepared to provide that hospitality 1557 00:31:35,350 --> 00:31:39,900 be prepared to provide that hospitality for people who will come by there's 1558 00:31:39,900 --> 00:31:39,910 for people who will come by there's 1559 00:31:39,910 --> 00:31:44,100 for people who will come by there's actually what does it uh stands up three 1560 00:31:44,100 --> 00:31:44,110 actually what does it uh stands up three 1561 00:31:44,110 --> 00:31:48,180 actually what does it uh stands up three is is my favorite sort of description of 1562 00:31:48,180 --> 00:31:48,190 is is my favorite sort of description of 1563 00:31:48,190 --> 00:31:51,180 is is my favorite sort of description of that you know it's jeans fire who the 1564 00:31:51,180 --> 00:31:51,190 that you know it's jeans fire who the 1565 00:31:51,190 --> 00:31:52,920 that you know it's jeans fire who the one who has come in from the frozen 1566 00:31:52,920 --> 00:31:52,930 one who has come in from the frozen 1567 00:31:52,930 --> 00:31:56,460 one who has come in from the frozen fells with icy knees right like you know 1568 00:31:56,460 --> 00:31:56,470 fells with icy knees right like you know 1569 00:31:56,470 --> 00:31:58,080 fells with icy knees right like you know the guy has just come in from the cold 1570 00:31:58,080 --> 00:31:58,090 the guy has just come in from the cold 1571 00:31:58,090 --> 00:32:00,420 the guy has just come in from the cold and he is so cold that his knees have 1572 00:32:00,420 --> 00:32:00,430 and he is so cold that his knees have 1573 00:32:00,430 --> 00:32:03,390 and he is so cold that his knees have have started to freeze over so get him 1574 00:32:03,390 --> 00:32:03,400 have started to freeze over so get him 1575 00:32:03,400 --> 00:32:06,180 have started to freeze over so get him food get him fire get him warm you need 1576 00:32:06,180 --> 00:32:06,190 food get him fire get him warm you need 1577 00:32:06,190 --> 00:32:07,620 food get him fire get him warm you need to take care of these people so it's 1578 00:32:07,620 --> 00:32:07,630 to take care of these people so it's 1579 00:32:07,630 --> 00:32:10,290 to take care of these people so it's definitely an aspect that of the culture 1580 00:32:10,290 --> 00:32:10,300 definitely an aspect that of the culture 1581 00:32:10,300 --> 00:32:11,970 definitely an aspect that of the culture that has been you can see is being 1582 00:32:11,970 --> 00:32:11,980 that has been you can see is being 1583 00:32:11,980 --> 00:32:13,620 that has been you can see is being directly influenced by the harshness of 1584 00:32:13,620 --> 00:32:13,630 directly influenced by the harshness of 1585 00:32:13,630 --> 00:32:15,930 directly influenced by the harshness of winters and you can imagine the idea 1586 00:32:15,930 --> 00:32:15,940 winters and you can imagine the idea 1587 00:32:15,940 --> 00:32:17,940 winters and you can imagine the idea this culture of hospitality not just you 1588 00:32:17,940 --> 00:32:17,950 this culture of hospitality not just you 1589 00:32:17,950 --> 00:32:19,620 this culture of hospitality not just you know practically applying in the winter 1590 00:32:19,620 --> 00:32:19,630 know practically applying in the winter 1591 00:32:19,630 --> 00:32:22,790 know practically applying in the winter but also how that might extend to 1592 00:32:22,790 --> 00:32:22,800 but also how that might extend to 1593 00:32:22,800 --> 00:32:25,620 but also how that might extend to relationships with your neighbor or the 1594 00:32:25,620 --> 00:32:25,630 relationships with your neighbor or the 1595 00:32:25,630 --> 00:32:28,050 relationships with your neighbor or the ways you can tuck diplomacy the idea of 1596 00:32:28,050 --> 00:32:28,060 ways you can tuck diplomacy the idea of 1597 00:32:28,060 --> 00:32:30,420 ways you can tuck diplomacy the idea of you know even if you're you know dealing 1598 00:32:30,420 --> 00:32:30,430 you know even if you're you know dealing 1599 00:32:30,430 --> 00:32:31,530 you know even if you're you know dealing with your enemy you do want to be a 1600 00:32:31,530 --> 00:32:31,540 with your enemy you do want to be a 1601 00:32:31,540 --> 00:32:35,010 with your enemy you do want to be a generous host the way maybe the the top 1602 00:32:35,010 --> 00:32:35,020 generous host the way maybe the the top 1603 00:32:35,020 --> 00:32:38,460 generous host the way maybe the the top king interacts with the lower lords etc 1604 00:32:38,460 --> 00:32:38,470 king interacts with the lower lords etc 1605 00:32:38,470 --> 00:32:40,140 king interacts with the lower lords etc maybe you a king might go to a certain 1606 00:32:40,140 --> 00:32:40,150 maybe you a king might go to a certain 1607 00:32:40,150 --> 00:32:41,190 maybe you a king might go to a certain longhouse and there's the expectation 1608 00:32:41,190 --> 00:32:41,200 longhouse and there's the expectation 1609 00:32:41,200 --> 00:32:44,070 longhouse and there's the expectation that he would wine and dine with them as 1610 00:32:44,070 --> 00:32:44,080 that he would wine and dine with them as 1611 00:32:44,080 --> 00:32:45,450 that he would wine and dine with them as his guests and there's it kind of 1612 00:32:45,450 --> 00:32:45,460 his guests and there's it kind of 1613 00:32:45,460 --> 00:32:46,890 his guests and there's it kind of infiltrates the whole culture I think 1614 00:32:46,890 --> 00:32:46,900 infiltrates the whole culture I think 1615 00:32:46,900 --> 00:32:49,050 infiltrates the whole culture I think that's exactly yeah I mean you you do 1616 00:32:49,050 --> 00:32:49,060 that's exactly yeah I mean you you do 1617 00:32:49,060 --> 00:32:54,480 that's exactly yeah I mean you you do see depictions of the the higher state 1618 00:32:54,480 --> 00:32:54,490 see depictions of the the higher state 1619 00:32:54,490 --> 00:32:57,030 see depictions of the the higher state is higher status nobility going to lower 1620 00:32:57,030 --> 00:32:57,040 is higher status nobility going to lower 1621 00:32:57,040 --> 00:32:59,190 is higher status nobility going to lower status nobility and everyone is 1622 00:32:59,190 --> 00:32:59,200 status nobility and everyone is 1623 00:32:59,200 --> 00:33:00,810 status nobility and everyone is welcoming them there's the expectation 1624 00:33:00,810 --> 00:33:00,820 welcoming them there's the expectation 1625 00:33:00,820 --> 00:33:04,280 welcoming them there's the expectation that as as a vassal you would go to to a 1626 00:33:04,280 --> 00:33:04,290 that as as a vassal you would go to to a 1627 00:33:04,290 --> 00:33:06,840 that as as a vassal you would go to to a superior to to your noble Lord or 1628 00:33:06,840 --> 00:33:06,850 superior to to your noble Lord or 1629 00:33:06,850 --> 00:33:08,970 superior to to your noble Lord or something like that and get hospitality 1630 00:33:08,970 --> 00:33:08,980 something like that and get hospitality 1631 00:33:08,980 --> 00:33:10,580 something like that and get hospitality and generosity from them after all 1632 00:33:10,580 --> 00:33:10,590 and generosity from them after all 1633 00:33:10,590 --> 00:33:14,130 and generosity from them after all they're the guys who control where all 1634 00:33:14,130 --> 00:33:14,140 they're the guys who control where all 1635 00:33:14,140 --> 00:33:15,810 they're the guys who control where all of the wealth is coming from so you know 1636 00:33:15,810 --> 00:33:15,820 of the wealth is coming from so you know 1637 00:33:15,820 --> 00:33:17,610 of the wealth is coming from so you know this is why you have epithets like a 1638 00:33:17,610 --> 00:33:17,620 this is why you have epithets like a 1639 00:33:17,620 --> 00:33:20,310 this is why you have epithets like a ring giver is 1640 00:33:20,310 --> 00:33:20,320 ring giver is 1641 00:33:20,320 --> 00:33:22,049 ring giver is something to be to be known as because 1642 00:33:22,049 --> 00:33:22,059 something to be to be known as because 1643 00:33:22,059 --> 00:33:24,210 something to be to be known as because you're giving away you know silver arm 1644 00:33:24,210 --> 00:33:24,220 you're giving away you know silver arm 1645 00:33:24,220 --> 00:33:27,539 you're giving away you know silver arm rings or or just wealth material wealth 1646 00:33:27,539 --> 00:33:27,549 rings or or just wealth material wealth 1647 00:33:27,549 --> 00:33:29,820 rings or or just wealth material wealth to your followers your generous that way 1648 00:33:29,820 --> 00:33:29,830 to your followers your generous that way 1649 00:33:29,830 --> 00:33:31,769 to your followers your generous that way so you can see how that does sort of 1650 00:33:31,769 --> 00:33:31,779 so you can see how that does sort of 1651 00:33:31,779 --> 00:33:34,919 so you can see how that does sort of link the the generosity of the host to 1652 00:33:34,919 --> 00:33:34,929 link the the generosity of the host to 1653 00:33:34,929 --> 00:33:37,799 link the the generosity of the host to the generosity of the economically or 1654 00:33:37,799 --> 00:33:37,809 the generosity of the economically or 1655 00:33:37,809 --> 00:33:40,999 the generosity of the economically or politically superior individual to the 1656 00:33:40,999 --> 00:33:41,009 politically superior individual to the 1657 00:33:41,009 --> 00:33:44,399 politically superior individual to the lower ranked individual but also in 1658 00:33:44,399 --> 00:33:44,409 lower ranked individual but also in 1659 00:33:44,409 --> 00:33:46,590 lower ranked individual but also in Reverse because if they come to your 1660 00:33:46,590 --> 00:33:46,600 Reverse because if they come to your 1661 00:33:46,600 --> 00:33:48,120 Reverse because if they come to your place you want to put on a good spread 1662 00:33:48,120 --> 00:33:48,130 place you want to put on a good spread 1663 00:33:48,130 --> 00:33:50,460 place you want to put on a good spread for the boss right you want to make sure 1664 00:33:50,460 --> 00:33:50,470 for the boss right you want to make sure 1665 00:33:50,470 --> 00:33:52,440 for the boss right you want to make sure that they are they understand that you 1666 00:33:52,440 --> 00:33:52,450 that they are they understand that you 1667 00:33:52,450 --> 00:33:55,710 that they are they understand that you understand the the pecking order and and 1668 00:33:55,710 --> 00:33:55,720 understand the the pecking order and and 1669 00:33:55,720 --> 00:33:58,080 understand the the pecking order and and the sort of responsibilities that are 1670 00:33:58,080 --> 00:33:58,090 the sort of responsibilities that are 1671 00:33:58,090 --> 00:34:00,570 the sort of responsibilities that are entailed in that and I'm sure we could 1672 00:34:00,570 --> 00:34:00,580 entailed in that and I'm sure we could 1673 00:34:00,580 --> 00:34:02,999 entailed in that and I'm sure we could do a whole other episode on the concept 1674 00:34:02,999 --> 00:34:03,009 do a whole other episode on the concept 1675 00:34:03,009 --> 00:34:06,060 do a whole other episode on the concept or the culture of the long haul feasting 1676 00:34:06,060 --> 00:34:06,070 or the culture of the long haul feasting 1677 00:34:06,070 --> 00:34:08,700 or the culture of the long haul feasting traditions festivals and all that oh 1678 00:34:08,700 --> 00:34:08,710 traditions festivals and all that oh 1679 00:34:08,710 --> 00:34:11,700 traditions festivals and all that oh yeah they all will save that for another 1680 00:34:11,700 --> 00:34:11,710 yeah they all will save that for another 1681 00:34:11,710 --> 00:34:13,889 yeah they all will save that for another episode the last little bit that I did 1682 00:34:13,889 --> 00:34:13,899 episode the last little bit that I did 1683 00:34:13,899 --> 00:34:15,839 episode the last little bit that I did want to touch on is and rather large 1684 00:34:15,839 --> 00:34:15,849 want to touch on is and rather large 1685 00:34:15,849 --> 00:34:17,309 want to touch on is and rather large would be how did the the winter 1686 00:34:17,309 --> 00:34:17,319 would be how did the the winter 1687 00:34:17,319 --> 00:34:19,579 would be how did the the winter influence their religion in particular 1688 00:34:19,579 --> 00:34:19,589 influence their religion in particular 1689 00:34:19,589 --> 00:34:24,359 influence their religion in particular yeah well this is the thing when it 1690 00:34:24,359 --> 00:34:24,369 yeah well this is the thing when it 1691 00:34:24,369 --> 00:34:26,940 yeah well this is the thing when it comes to Norse religion a lot of our 1692 00:34:26,940 --> 00:34:26,950 comes to Norse religion a lot of our 1693 00:34:26,950 --> 00:34:29,579 comes to Norse religion a lot of our stuff almost all of our of our written 1694 00:34:29,579 --> 00:34:29,589 stuff almost all of our of our written 1695 00:34:29,589 --> 00:34:33,169 stuff almost all of our of our written sources come from a post conversion 1696 00:34:33,169 --> 00:34:33,179 sources come from a post conversion 1697 00:34:33,179 --> 00:34:35,430 sources come from a post conversion milieu right like there's a lot of 1698 00:34:35,430 --> 00:34:35,440 milieu right like there's a lot of 1699 00:34:35,440 --> 00:34:36,990 milieu right like there's a lot of what's called you hammer ization 1700 00:34:36,990 --> 00:34:37,000 what's called you hammer ization 1701 00:34:37,000 --> 00:34:40,950 what's called you hammer ization basically making making the myths into 1702 00:34:40,950 --> 00:34:40,960 basically making making the myths into 1703 00:34:40,960 --> 00:34:45,230 basically making making the myths into sort of plausible human humanistic 1704 00:34:45,230 --> 00:34:45,240 sort of plausible human humanistic 1705 00:34:45,240 --> 00:34:48,419 sort of plausible human humanistic iterations but we still have in poetry 1706 00:34:48,419 --> 00:34:48,429 iterations but we still have in poetry 1707 00:34:48,429 --> 00:34:52,589 iterations but we still have in poetry we still have in reference guides for 1708 00:34:52,589 --> 00:34:52,599 we still have in reference guides for 1709 00:34:52,599 --> 00:34:54,990 we still have in reference guides for poets you know associations of 1710 00:34:54,990 --> 00:34:55,000 poets you know associations of 1711 00:34:55,000 --> 00:34:57,450 poets you know associations of particular gods with winter or with snow 1712 00:34:57,450 --> 00:34:57,460 particular gods with winter or with snow 1713 00:34:57,460 --> 00:34:59,970 particular gods with winter or with snow or things like that we also have as I 1714 00:34:59,970 --> 00:34:59,980 or things like that we also have as I 1715 00:34:59,980 --> 00:35:01,650 or things like that we also have as I mentioned before the film Bavetta that 1716 00:35:01,650 --> 00:35:01,660 mentioned before the film Bavetta that 1717 00:35:01,660 --> 00:35:03,390 mentioned before the film Bavetta that the great winter before the ending of 1718 00:35:03,390 --> 00:35:03,400 the great winter before the ending of 1719 00:35:03,400 --> 00:35:08,599 the great winter before the ending of the world you know we have concepts of 1720 00:35:08,599 --> 00:35:08,609 the world you know we have concepts of 1721 00:35:08,609 --> 00:35:11,160 the world you know we have concepts of Hell the the place rather than the 1722 00:35:11,160 --> 00:35:11,170 Hell the the place rather than the 1723 00:35:11,170 --> 00:35:14,819 Hell the the place rather than the goddess being cold and damp and dark 1724 00:35:14,819 --> 00:35:14,829 goddess being cold and damp and dark 1725 00:35:14,829 --> 00:35:17,490 goddess being cold and damp and dark which again if you've been to 1726 00:35:17,490 --> 00:35:17,500 which again if you've been to 1727 00:35:17,500 --> 00:35:20,099 which again if you've been to Scandinavia during the winter is a good 1728 00:35:20,099 --> 00:35:20,109 Scandinavia during the winter is a good 1729 00:35:20,109 --> 00:35:24,200 Scandinavia during the winter is a good description of of it at times you know 1730 00:35:24,200 --> 00:35:24,210 description of of it at times you know 1731 00:35:24,210 --> 00:35:28,349 description of of it at times you know we also have references to rim thirst or 1732 00:35:28,349 --> 00:35:28,359 we also have references to rim thirst or 1733 00:35:28,359 --> 00:35:33,910 we also have references to rim thirst or frost giants in Old Norse they show up 1734 00:35:33,910 --> 00:35:33,920 frost giants in Old Norse they show up 1735 00:35:33,920 --> 00:35:35,980 frost giants in Old Norse they show up occasionally not not as frequently as 1736 00:35:35,980 --> 00:35:35,990 occasionally not not as frequently as 1737 00:35:35,990 --> 00:35:38,410 occasionally not not as frequently as just referring to them as yacht nod or 1738 00:35:38,410 --> 00:35:38,420 just referring to them as yacht nod or 1739 00:35:38,420 --> 00:35:42,069 just referring to them as yacht nod or thirst as a Giants or or well Giants um 1740 00:35:42,069 --> 00:35:42,079 thirst as a Giants or or well Giants um 1741 00:35:42,079 --> 00:35:45,819 thirst as a Giants or or well Giants um but the most famous one is emitter BB 1742 00:35:45,819 --> 00:35:45,829 but the most famous one is emitter BB 1743 00:35:45,829 --> 00:35:48,400 but the most famous one is emitter BB giant from whom all the world is made 1744 00:35:48,400 --> 00:35:48,410 giant from whom all the world is made 1745 00:35:48,410 --> 00:35:50,829 giant from whom all the world is made you know he's this frost giant and and 1746 00:35:50,829 --> 00:35:50,839 you know he's this frost giant and and 1747 00:35:50,839 --> 00:35:53,829 you know he's this frost giant and and there's this this idea that he is just 1748 00:35:53,829 --> 00:35:53,839 there's this this idea that he is just 1749 00:35:53,839 --> 00:35:57,640 there's this this idea that he is just this massive being of ice and rime and 1750 00:35:57,640 --> 00:35:57,650 this massive being of ice and rime and 1751 00:35:57,650 --> 00:36:02,500 this massive being of ice and rime and frost but when he's killed by ultimately 1752 00:36:02,500 --> 00:36:02,510 frost but when he's killed by ultimately 1753 00:36:02,510 --> 00:36:04,990 frost but when he's killed by ultimately by Walden and his brothers you know they 1754 00:36:04,990 --> 00:36:05,000 by Walden and his brothers you know they 1755 00:36:05,000 --> 00:36:07,240 by Walden and his brothers you know they they use his flesh to form the earth his 1756 00:36:07,240 --> 00:36:07,250 they use his flesh to form the earth his 1757 00:36:07,250 --> 00:36:09,099 they use his flesh to form the earth his bones form the mountains his skull is 1758 00:36:09,099 --> 00:36:09,109 bones form the mountains his skull is 1759 00:36:09,109 --> 00:36:09,910 bones form the mountains his skull is the sky 1760 00:36:09,910 --> 00:36:09,920 the sky 1761 00:36:09,920 --> 00:36:12,250 the sky you know his blood makes up the ocean so 1762 00:36:12,250 --> 00:36:12,260 you know his blood makes up the ocean so 1763 00:36:12,260 --> 00:36:15,339 you know his blood makes up the ocean so there's a sense of rebirth from this 1764 00:36:15,339 --> 00:36:15,349 there's a sense of rebirth from this 1765 00:36:15,349 --> 00:36:20,520 there's a sense of rebirth from this this definite stasis of cold 1766 00:36:20,520 --> 00:36:20,530 this definite stasis of cold 1767 00:36:20,530 --> 00:36:25,020 this definite stasis of cold there's also references to winter in in 1768 00:36:25,020 --> 00:36:25,030 there's also references to winter in in 1769 00:36:25,030 --> 00:36:27,819 there's also references to winter in in Norse mythology and as I said in 1770 00:36:27,819 --> 00:36:27,829 Norse mythology and as I said in 1771 00:36:27,829 --> 00:36:30,539 Norse mythology and as I said in references and associations with gods 1772 00:36:30,539 --> 00:36:30,549 references and associations with gods 1773 00:36:30,549 --> 00:36:35,650 references and associations with gods Scottie and woodland are really 1774 00:36:35,650 --> 00:36:35,660 Scottie and woodland are really 1775 00:36:35,660 --> 00:36:39,039 Scottie and woodland are really associated closely with winter sky V is 1776 00:36:39,039 --> 00:36:39,049 associated closely with winter sky V is 1777 00:36:39,049 --> 00:36:41,410 associated closely with winter sky V is the the daughter of Fiat C has a yotan 1778 00:36:41,410 --> 00:36:41,420 the the daughter of Fiat C has a yotan 1779 00:36:41,420 --> 00:36:44,049 the the daughter of Fiat C has a yotan there's a big story about him but she's 1780 00:36:44,049 --> 00:36:44,059 there's a big story about him but she's 1781 00:36:44,059 --> 00:36:46,150 there's a big story about him but she's associated specifically with winter but 1782 00:36:46,150 --> 00:36:46,160 associated specifically with winter but 1783 00:36:46,160 --> 00:36:48,609 associated specifically with winter but also with hunting and skiing or lauder 1784 00:36:48,609 --> 00:36:48,619 also with hunting and skiing or lauder 1785 00:36:48,619 --> 00:36:51,370 also with hunting and skiing or lauder as well is associated with hunting and 1786 00:36:51,370 --> 00:36:51,380 as well is associated with hunting and 1787 00:36:51,380 --> 00:36:54,099 as well is associated with hunting and skiing and through that we can kind of 1788 00:36:54,099 --> 00:36:54,109 skiing and through that we can kind of 1789 00:36:54,109 --> 00:36:56,079 skiing and through that we can kind of assume an association with winter as 1790 00:36:56,079 --> 00:36:56,089 assume an association with winter as 1791 00:36:56,089 --> 00:37:00,130 assume an association with winter as well so we have those those associations 1792 00:37:00,130 --> 00:37:00,140 well so we have those those associations 1793 00:37:00,140 --> 00:37:04,000 well so we have those those associations of winter with with specific gods of 1794 00:37:04,000 --> 00:37:04,010 of winter with with specific gods of 1795 00:37:04,010 --> 00:37:06,760 of winter with with specific gods of specific activities with people 1796 00:37:06,760 --> 00:37:06,770 specific activities with people 1797 00:37:06,770 --> 00:37:08,950 specific activities with people associated with winter skiing obviously 1798 00:37:08,950 --> 00:37:08,960 associated with winter skiing obviously 1799 00:37:08,960 --> 00:37:10,359 associated with winter skiing obviously is going to be associated with winter 1800 00:37:10,359 --> 00:37:10,369 is going to be associated with winter 1801 00:37:10,369 --> 00:37:12,640 is going to be associated with winter hunting associated with winter because 1802 00:37:12,640 --> 00:37:12,650 hunting associated with winter because 1803 00:37:12,650 --> 00:37:14,260 hunting associated with winter because well that's the best place to get your 1804 00:37:14,260 --> 00:37:14,270 well that's the best place to get your 1805 00:37:14,270 --> 00:37:17,349 well that's the best place to get your food when you can't grow any it's so so 1806 00:37:17,349 --> 00:37:17,359 food when you can't grow any it's so so 1807 00:37:17,359 --> 00:37:18,609 food when you can't grow any it's so so we definitely do have those of those 1808 00:37:18,609 --> 00:37:18,619 we definitely do have those of those 1809 00:37:18,619 --> 00:37:20,500 we definitely do have those of those sorts of associations going through the 1810 00:37:20,500 --> 00:37:20,510 sorts of associations going through the 1811 00:37:20,510 --> 00:37:23,380 sorts of associations going through the culture right and they'll be like we 1812 00:37:23,380 --> 00:37:23,390 culture right and they'll be like we 1813 00:37:23,390 --> 00:37:24,819 culture right and they'll be like we keep saying and all these podcast 1814 00:37:24,819 --> 00:37:24,829 keep saying and all these podcast 1815 00:37:24,829 --> 00:37:26,200 keep saying and all these podcast there's always room for discussing more 1816 00:37:26,200 --> 00:37:26,210 there's always room for discussing more 1817 00:37:26,210 --> 00:37:27,309 there's always room for discussing more and more of this so we'll probably do a 1818 00:37:27,309 --> 00:37:27,319 and more of this so we'll probably do a 1819 00:37:27,319 --> 00:37:30,130 and more of this so we'll probably do a future episode on mythology and 1820 00:37:30,130 --> 00:37:30,140 future episode on mythology and 1821 00:37:30,140 --> 00:37:32,410 future episode on mythology and different cultural aspects but to cut on 1822 00:37:32,410 --> 00:37:32,420 different cultural aspects but to cut on 1823 00:37:32,420 --> 00:37:34,329 different cultural aspects but to cut on some things up we've talked about the 1824 00:37:34,329 --> 00:37:34,339 some things up we've talked about the 1825 00:37:34,339 --> 00:37:35,770 some things up we've talked about the winners how they could be comparable to 1826 00:37:35,770 --> 00:37:35,780 winners how they could be comparable to 1827 00:37:35,780 --> 00:37:38,500 winners how they could be comparable to today's winners in the similar areas we 1828 00:37:38,500 --> 00:37:38,510 today's winners in the similar areas we 1829 00:37:38,510 --> 00:37:40,809 today's winners in the similar areas we talked about the impact on food storage 1830 00:37:40,809 --> 00:37:40,819 talked about the impact on food storage 1831 00:37:40,819 --> 00:37:42,069 talked about the impact on food storage and all that how they're influenced 1832 00:37:42,069 --> 00:37:42,079 and all that how they're influenced 1833 00:37:42,079 --> 00:37:44,910 and all that how they're influenced different cultural attributes like 1834 00:37:44,910 --> 00:37:44,920 different cultural attributes like 1835 00:37:44,920 --> 00:37:48,130 different cultural attributes like hospitality the religiosity 1836 00:37:48,130 --> 00:37:48,140 hospitality the religiosity 1837 00:37:48,140 --> 00:37:49,600 hospitality the religiosity or religious aspects but what we've 1838 00:37:49,600 --> 00:37:49,610 or religious aspects but what we've 1839 00:37:49,610 --> 00:37:51,190 or religious aspects but what we've covered kind of a main thing and I kind 1840 00:37:51,190 --> 00:37:51,200 covered kind of a main thing and I kind 1841 00:37:51,200 --> 00:37:53,110 covered kind of a main thing and I kind of want to end on a note here stating 1842 00:37:53,110 --> 00:37:53,120 of want to end on a note here stating 1843 00:37:53,120 --> 00:37:55,060 of want to end on a note here stating that I'm talking about the Vikings 1844 00:37:55,060 --> 00:37:55,070 that I'm talking about the Vikings 1845 00:37:55,070 --> 00:37:56,680 that I'm talking about the Vikings it's kind of a label we put on these 1846 00:37:56,680 --> 00:37:56,690 it's kind of a label we put on these 1847 00:37:56,690 --> 00:37:57,580 it's kind of a label we put on these people that they wouldn't have 1848 00:37:57,580 --> 00:37:57,590 people that they wouldn't have 1849 00:37:57,590 --> 00:37:59,620 people that they wouldn't have necessarily applied themselves and a lot 1850 00:37:59,620 --> 00:37:59,630 necessarily applied themselves and a lot 1851 00:37:59,630 --> 00:38:01,480 necessarily applied themselves and a lot of times in the olden world you have 1852 00:38:01,480 --> 00:38:01,490 of times in the olden world you have 1853 00:38:01,490 --> 00:38:02,980 of times in the olden world you have these various groups that are operating 1854 00:38:02,980 --> 00:38:02,990 these various groups that are operating 1855 00:38:02,990 --> 00:38:05,550 these various groups that are operating under labels that we only apply today 1856 00:38:05,550 --> 00:38:05,560 under labels that we only apply today 1857 00:38:05,560 --> 00:38:08,020 under labels that we only apply today whereas back in the time they would have 1858 00:38:08,020 --> 00:38:08,030 whereas back in the time they would have 1859 00:38:08,030 --> 00:38:10,930 whereas back in the time they would have really understood more so things through 1860 00:38:10,930 --> 00:38:10,940 really understood more so things through 1861 00:38:10,940 --> 00:38:12,460 really understood more so things through you know what language did you speak 1862 00:38:12,460 --> 00:38:12,470 you know what language did you speak 1863 00:38:12,470 --> 00:38:15,400 you know what language did you speak what culture do you share and so this 1864 00:38:15,400 --> 00:38:15,410 what culture do you share and so this 1865 00:38:15,410 --> 00:38:17,950 what culture do you share and so this culture this shared thread of the the 1866 00:38:17,950 --> 00:38:17,960 culture this shared thread of the the 1867 00:38:17,960 --> 00:38:19,270 culture this shared thread of the the shared winter experience the shared 1868 00:38:19,270 --> 00:38:19,280 shared winter experience the shared 1869 00:38:19,280 --> 00:38:20,950 shared winter experience the shared culture coming from that winter is 1870 00:38:20,950 --> 00:38:20,960 culture coming from that winter is 1871 00:38:20,960 --> 00:38:22,240 culture coming from that winter is really one of the things that did define 1872 00:38:22,240 --> 00:38:22,250 really one of the things that did define 1873 00:38:22,250 --> 00:38:24,220 really one of the things that did define kind of these Scandinavian cultures so 1874 00:38:24,220 --> 00:38:24,230 kind of these Scandinavian cultures so 1875 00:38:24,230 --> 00:38:25,030 kind of these Scandinavian cultures so it's really important to kind of 1876 00:38:25,030 --> 00:38:25,040 it's really important to kind of 1877 00:38:25,040 --> 00:38:26,200 it's really important to kind of understand this and understand how it 1878 00:38:26,200 --> 00:38:26,210 understand this and understand how it 1879 00:38:26,210 --> 00:38:27,790 understand this and understand how it really impacted not only their daily 1880 00:38:27,790 --> 00:38:27,800 really impacted not only their daily 1881 00:38:27,800 --> 00:38:30,040 really impacted not only their daily lives but associations with others yeah 1882 00:38:30,040 --> 00:38:30,050 lives but associations with others yeah 1883 00:38:30,050 --> 00:38:30,670 lives but associations with others yeah absolutely 1884 00:38:30,670 --> 00:38:30,680 absolutely 1885 00:38:30,680 --> 00:38:33,100 absolutely you're absolutely right on that one of 1886 00:38:33,100 --> 00:38:33,110 you're absolutely right on that one of 1887 00:38:33,110 --> 00:38:35,620 you're absolutely right on that one of the things I always like to to remind 1888 00:38:35,620 --> 00:38:35,630 the things I always like to to remind 1889 00:38:35,630 --> 00:38:38,320 the things I always like to to remind people is that when we refer to early 1890 00:38:38,320 --> 00:38:38,330 people is that when we refer to early 1891 00:38:38,330 --> 00:38:40,690 people is that when we refer to early medieval Scandinavians as a whole as 1892 00:38:40,690 --> 00:38:40,700 medieval Scandinavians as a whole as 1893 00:38:40,700 --> 00:38:43,290 medieval Scandinavians as a whole as Vikings it would be like referring to 1894 00:38:43,290 --> 00:38:43,300 Vikings it would be like referring to 1895 00:38:43,300 --> 00:38:47,160 Vikings it would be like referring to Americans as a whole as Marines or 1896 00:38:47,160 --> 00:38:47,170 Americans as a whole as Marines or 1897 00:38:47,170 --> 00:38:49,990 Americans as a whole as Marines or Canadians as a whole as Mounties you 1898 00:38:49,990 --> 00:38:50,000 Canadians as a whole as Mounties you 1899 00:38:50,000 --> 00:38:51,700 Canadians as a whole as Mounties you know they're iconic they're they're 1900 00:38:51,700 --> 00:38:51,710 know they're iconic they're they're 1901 00:38:51,710 --> 00:38:54,640 know they're iconic they're they're emblematic they're yeah that's what 1902 00:38:54,640 --> 00:38:54,650 emblematic they're yeah that's what 1903 00:38:54,650 --> 00:38:56,260 emblematic they're yeah that's what that's you know what a lot of people 1904 00:38:56,260 --> 00:38:56,270 that's you know what a lot of people 1905 00:38:56,270 --> 00:38:57,670 that's you know what a lot of people know them as but there are so much more 1906 00:38:57,670 --> 00:38:57,680 know them as but there are so much more 1907 00:38:57,680 --> 00:39:01,350 know them as but there are so much more to the culture than just that and so 1908 00:39:01,350 --> 00:39:01,360 to the culture than just that and so 1909 00:39:01,360 --> 00:39:03,430 to the culture than just that and so great yeah I'm glad we've been able to 1910 00:39:03,430 --> 00:39:03,440 great yeah I'm glad we've been able to 1911 00:39:03,440 --> 00:39:05,440 great yeah I'm glad we've been able to talk about this so again people in the 1912 00:39:05,440 --> 00:39:05,450 talk about this so again people in the 1913 00:39:05,450 --> 00:39:07,390 talk about this so again people in the in the comments below I'm sure we can we 1914 00:39:07,390 --> 00:39:07,400 in the comments below I'm sure we can we 1915 00:39:07,400 --> 00:39:08,740 in the comments below I'm sure we can we can go ahead and try and answer some of 1916 00:39:08,740 --> 00:39:08,750 can go ahead and try and answer some of 1917 00:39:08,750 --> 00:39:10,510 can go ahead and try and answer some of the questions that you have in the 1918 00:39:10,510 --> 00:39:10,520 the questions that you have in the 1919 00:39:10,520 --> 00:39:12,070 the questions that you have in the comment section and then also be sure to 1920 00:39:12,070 --> 00:39:12,080 comment section and then also be sure to 1921 00:39:12,080 --> 00:39:15,600 comment section and then also be sure to direct them over to Twitter as I'm sure 1922 00:39:15,600 --> 00:39:15,610 direct them over to Twitter as I'm sure 1923 00:39:15,610 --> 00:39:17,650 direct them over to Twitter as I'm sure the Viking gym will be able to answer 1924 00:39:17,650 --> 00:39:17,660 the Viking gym will be able to answer 1925 00:39:17,660 --> 00:39:19,570 the Viking gym will be able to answer some of them there and then also if you 1926 00:39:19,570 --> 00:39:19,580 some of them there and then also if you 1927 00:39:19,580 --> 00:39:21,400 some of them there and then also if you have any questions that we can you know 1928 00:39:21,400 --> 00:39:21,410 have any questions that we can you know 1929 00:39:21,410 --> 00:39:23,200 have any questions that we can you know maybe spin into specific episodes 1930 00:39:23,200 --> 00:39:23,210 maybe spin into specific episodes 1931 00:39:23,210 --> 00:39:24,970 maybe spin into specific episodes following up we're all ears for that 1932 00:39:24,970 --> 00:39:24,980 following up we're all ears for that 1933 00:39:24,980 --> 00:39:27,910 following up we're all ears for that yeah absolutely and I look forward to 1934 00:39:27,910 --> 00:39:27,920 yeah absolutely and I look forward to 1935 00:39:27,920 --> 00:39:29,190 yeah absolutely and I look forward to answering any questions you guys have 1936 00:39:29,190 --> 00:39:29,200 answering any questions you guys have 1937 00:39:29,200 --> 00:39:32,500 answering any questions you guys have for for me Twitter is probably the best 1938 00:39:32,500 --> 00:39:32,510 for for me Twitter is probably the best 1939 00:39:32,510 --> 00:39:34,060 for for me Twitter is probably the best place to get me but I'll definitely be 1940 00:39:34,060 --> 00:39:34,070 place to get me but I'll definitely be 1941 00:39:34,070 --> 00:39:35,710 place to get me but I'll definitely be checking the comments once this is up 1942 00:39:35,710 --> 00:39:35,720 checking the comments once this is up 1943 00:39:35,720 --> 00:39:38,170 checking the comments once this is up okay well great thanks again for joining 1944 00:39:38,170 --> 00:39:38,180 okay well great thanks again for joining 1945 00:39:38,180 --> 00:39:39,850 okay well great thanks again for joining us and we will see you in the next one 1946 00:39:39,850 --> 00:39:39,860 us and we will see you in the next one 1947 00:39:39,860 --> 00:39:43,460 us and we will see you in the next one okay 1948 00:39:43,460 --> 00:39:43,470 1949 00:39:43,470 --> 00:39:45,530 you