Single sign on or SSL refers to the ability of a user to log in or access multiple systems by providing
credentials only once.
As it so increases security because the user only needs to remember one credential and is less likely
to type them.
Also, it's much more convenient for users to access network resources if they only need to sign in
once.
As an example, consider a user who needs to access multiple servers within a network to do normal work.
Without Esso, the user needs to know a set of credentials to log in locally and additional credentials
for each of the servers.
Many users would take these credentials to remember them.
Alternatively, in a network with so capabilities, the user only needs to log on to the network once.
The Solar System typically creates a type of SSL, a secure token that is used throughout the entire
login session.
Every time a user accesses a network resource, the Solar System uses this secure token for authentication.
Kerberos and LDAP include SSL features, SSL needs strong authentication to be effective.
If users create weak passwords, attackers can get them and gain access to multiple systems.
Some people argue that SSL increases the risks because of an attacker can obtain the user's credentials.
It gives the attacker access to multiple systems.
Transitive trust creates an indirect relationship of trust.
For example, imagine a transitive trust relationship between Jack, Sam and Julie.
Jack Trust, Sam Sam trusts Julie because of the transitive trust relationship, Jack Trust.
Julie as well.
Of course, that's not always true of humans.
And have Sam shares Jack's secrets with Julie?
Well, they might be a little angry with Jack and Sam.
However, it reduces network management in a domain.
Within an own debt based network, domains used transitive trusts for SSL.
It's parent domain is example dot com, and the configuration includes two subdomains.
Try and test.
And now that transitive trust used for SSL in this example, there is a two way trust between the main
domain example Gqom and its child domain Trident example dot com.
The parent trusts the child and the child trust the parent.
Similarly, there is a two way trust between the parent domain and the blogs subdomain.
There is no direct trust between the two sub domains.
However, the transitive relationship creates a two way trust between them.
All these domains include objects such as users, computers and groups.
Jack's user account is in the tri domain, and the server named test is in the test domain.
With transitive trust, it is possible to grant Jack access to the test server directly without creating
another trust relationship between the try and test domains.
Without the trust relationship, you would have to create another account for Jack in the test area
before granting him access.
Additionally, Jack will need to manage the password for this second account separately.
However, with transitive trust relationships, the network supports SSL, so Jack only needs a single
account security assertion markup language, or CMO, is an extensible markup language XML based data
format used for SSL in web browsers.
Imagine two Web sites hosted by two different organizations.
Normally, a user needs to provide different credentials to access both web sites.
However, if organizations trust each other, they can use SAML as a unified identity management system.
Users authenticate with one website and do not need to re authenticate when accessing the second website.
Most Web based portals use SAML for SSL user logs into the portal once and then the portal transmits
evidence of the user's authentication to the back end systems.
As long as an organization authenticate users, they do not need to re authenticate to access other
sites on the portal.
SAML defines three roles manager.
This is usually a user user logs on ones if necessary.
The principal requests an ID from the identity provider.
Identity provider.
An identity provider creates, maintains and manages credentials for principals service provider.
A service provider is an organization that provides services to managers.
For example, a service provider can host one or more websites accessible through a web based portal.
When a principal tries to access a resource, the service provider first redirects the principal to
obtain an identity.
This process and several XML based messages between systems.
However, it is generally transparent to the user.
It is important to be aware that the primary purpose of Esso is to identify and authenticate users users,
request an identity and prove this identity with their credentials as an ISO does not provide authorization.
For example, if the power plant and the school system form a federation using SAML, this does not
automatically give everyone in the school system full access to the nuclear power plants resources.
Authorisation is completely separate.
However, many federation solar systems, including SAML, have the ability to transfer authorization
data between their systems.
So in other words, it is possible to use smell for single sign on authentication and authorization.
Some SSL systems can connect authentication mechanisms from different environments, such as different
operating systems or different networks.
A common method is a federated identity management system, often integrated as a federated database.
This federated database provides centralized authentication in a in homogeneous environment.
As an example.
Imagine the Texas nuclear power plant establishing a relationship with the Texas school system and allowing
power plant employees to access school resources.
Combining these two networks in a single network is not possible or desirable.
However, you can create a federation of two networks.
Once installed, plant staff will log in using their power plant accounts and then access shared school
resources without logging back in.
The federation requires a federated identity management system that all members of the federation use.
In the previous example, the members of the federation are power plant and the school system.
Members of the federation agree on a standard for federated identities and then exchange information
based on the standard.
A federated identity binds a user's credentials from different networks or operating systems.
But the federation treats this as a single identity.
Shibboleth is one of the federated identity solutions specifically mentioned in the Committee to Security,
plus exam objectives.
It is open source and available for free, making it a more cost effective solution than some commercially
available federated identity solutions.
It also includes open Senate libraries written in C++ and Java, making it easy for developers to increase
their usefulness.
Oh, it is an open authorization standard that many companies use to secure access to protected resources.
Instead of creating a different account for each website you access, you can usually use the same account
you created with Google, Facebook, PayPal, Microsoft or Twitter.
As an example, imagine a come test department store decides to sell some of its products online, and
management allows customers to shop via PayPal.
Developers configure their Web sites to exchange application programming interface API called with PayPal
servers.
Now, when the customers make a purchase, they sign in with her PayPal account and make their purchases
via PayPal.
Both transfers data between PayPal and the com test site.
So the store gets the money and knows what to send to the customer.
One benefit for customers is they don't need to create another account for comp test.
OpenID Connect works with OAuth 2.0 and allows clients to authenticate end users without managing their
credentials.
So in this context, the client is typically a website or application that needs to authenticate users.
OpenID Connect provides identification services without requiring the application to process credentials.
It also facilitates the user experience for users.
For example, Skyscanner is an application for finding flights, hotels and car rentals.
It allows users to log in using their Facebook credentials.
Once you've done that, Skyscanner offers users a more personalised experience.