In this introduction to organic chemistry you will learn: 在有机化学简介中，您将学到：
- The definition of a hydrocarbon and - How functional groups give molecules similar -烃的定义-官能团如何使分子相似
properties Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds. 性质有机化学是对碳化合物的研究。
There are many millions of organic compounds that you can make using hydrogen and carbon 您可以使用氢和碳制造数百万种有机化合物
and arranging them in different ways. Hydrocarbons are defined as compounds made of hydrogen 并以不同的方式安排它们。碳氢化合物定义为由氢制成的化合物
and carbon only. The simplest hydrocarbon is methane it consists of one carbon with 和碳。最简单的碳氢化合物是甲烷，它由一个碳和
four covalent bonds to hydrogen atoms. The next in the series has two carbon atoms and 与氢原子的四个共价键。系列中的下一个具有两个碳原子
this is called ethane and is followed by propane and butane these being the names of the first 这叫做乙烷，然后是丙烷和丁烷，这是第一个的名字
four in the series called the alkanes. Pause this video now and try to draw the structure 系列中的四个称为烷烃。现在暂停此视频并尝试绘制结构
of hexane. Hexane has 6 carbon atoms. (PAUSE) 己烷。己烷具有6个碳原子。 （暂停）
The next series is called the ALKENES. These are hydrocarbons that contain a double covalent 下一个系列称为ALKENES。这些是含有双重共价键的烃
bond between two carbon atoms in the molecule. Our first alkene molecule contains two carbons 分子中两个碳原子之间的键。我们的第一个烯烃分子包含两个碳
atoms. Just like the alkanes, each carbon atom still needs 4 bonds, but has two bonds 原子。就像烷烃一样，每个碳原子仍需要4个键，但有2个键
already due to the double covalent bond with the other Carbon atoms. The ethane molecule 已经由于与其他碳原子的双共价键。乙烷分子
is completed by two more bonds with two Hydrogen atoms, for each of the Carbon atoms. These 对于每个碳原子，通过与两个氢原子的另外两个键完成。这些
also follow a pattern and the next molecule in the series is propene and butene. 也遵循模式，该系列中的下一个分子是丙烯和丁烯。
Pause this video now and try to draw the structure of hexene. As before, hexane still has 6 carbon 现在暂停此视频，并尝试绘制己烯的结构。和以前一样，己烷中仍然有6个碳
atoms. (PAUSE) 原子。 （暂停）
The video tutorial on the alkanes and alkenes will give you more in-depth knowledge on the 有关烷烃和烯烃的视频教程将为您提供有关
bonding and structure of these series of molecules. As we have already discussed, hydrocarbons 这些系列分子的键和结构。正如我们已经讨论过的，碳氢化合物
are molecules containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms, however, the study of organic chemistry 是仅包含碳和氢原子的分子，但是，有机化学的研究
includes any molecule with a carbon backbone. Functional groups are groups of atoms which 包括具有碳主链的任何分子。官能团是原子的基团
give molecules similar properties. There are many different functional groups. You may 赋予分子相似的性质。有许多不同的功能组。你可以
have heard of the alcohol group. This is a hydroxyl group and is a hydrogen bonded to 听说过酒类。这是一个羟基，是一个氢键
an oxygen which is then covalently bonded to the rest of the molecule. This group can 然后与分子的其余部分共价键合的氧。这个小组可以
be attached to any of the alkanes above to form alcohols their names all end in -ol. 与上面的任何烷烃连接形成醇，其名称均以-ol结尾。
For example: - Methanol 例如：-甲醇
- Ethanol - Propanol -乙醇-丙醇
Pause this video now and try and work out the name of this molecule? 立即暂停播放此视频，并尝试确定该分子的名称？
(PAUSE) The alcohol functional group means that all （暂停）酒精官能团是指所有
these compounds will react in a similar way and will have similar properties. 这些化合物将以相似的方式反应并具有相似的性质。
Carboxylic acids are another example of a functional group. This is the functional group 羧酸是官能团的另一个实例。这是功能组
for a carboxyl acid and gives an organic molecule the name -oic acid. For example: 表示羧酸，有机分子的名称为-oic acid。例如：
- Methanoic acid - Ethanoic acid, -乙酸-乙酸
- Propanoic acid - Butanoic acid -丙酸-丁酸
There are lots more functional groups, esters which give molecules a sweat smell and makes 还有更多的官能团，酯使分子有汗味，
them useful for perfumes and flavourings. Ketones, which make molecules useful as solvents. 它们可用于香水和调味料。使分子可用作溶剂的酮。
Amines which can be useful as dyes and useful in making medicines. Some molecules even have 可用作染料和用于制造药物的胺。有些分子甚至有
more than one functional group and give molecules different properties. 多个官能团赋予分子不同的性质
Now, by the end of this video, you should know that organic chemistry is the study of 现在，在这段视频的结尾，您应该知道有机化学是对
carbon based molecules and that hydrocarbons are molecules containing hydrogen and carbon 碳基分子，而碳氢化合物是包含氢和碳的分子
only. You should know that functional groups are groups of atoms which give molecules similar 只要。您应该知道，官能团是原子团，它们使分子相似
properties. 属性。