本片中有些画面可能会令人不安 This programme contains scenes\nwhich some viewers may find\ndisturbing.
欢迎来到地球上人口最密集的地方之一 Welcome to one of the most densely\npopulated places on earth.
当英国在1842年占领香港的时候 When Britain took Hong Kong in 1842,
这里还只是一个小渔村 it was just a cluster\nof fishing villages.
在短短几十年的时间里，这里就发展成为世界上 In a few decades they had made it\none of the busiest,
最繁忙、最富裕的贸易站点之一 richest trading posts in the world.
大英帝国不仅仅只是征服、管理一个地方 The British Empire wasn't just about\nconquests and government
也不只是一群穿着短衬裤，只会指使外国人的家伙 and chaps in shorts\ntelling foreigners what to do -
帝国也要获取金钱和利益 it was also about money and profit.
开始的时候，帝国只有一群不择手段的冒险家 It began with a few\nunscrupulous adventurers
随后，它成长为一个横跨全球的庞大网络 and it grew into a vast network\nthat spanned the globe,
从英国到澳大利亚 from Britain to Australia,
从加尔各答到牙买加，从澳大利亚到香港 from Calcutta to Jamaica,\nfrom Australia to Hong Kong.
在中国沿海，英国商人用船运输成瘾药物 Off the coast of China,\nBritish traders made fortunes
以牟取暴利... from ships freighted\nwith addictive drugs...
..他们还窃取古代印度的财宝来致富 ..and they helped themselves to\nthe riches of Ancient India.
大笔财富从加勒比海盗流向英国... Money flowed to Britain\nfrom piracy in the Caribbean...
..从非洲种植园里辛苦劳作的奴隶流向英国 ..and from estates worked by slaves\ntaken from Africa.
帝国通过贸易和窃取的方式 Empire trade and Empire theft
成为了世界金融之都，今天它仍然享有这一殊荣 helped make Britain a world capital\nof money it still is today.
在1668年9月的一个炎热的下午 On a hot afternoon\nin September 1668,
一支由九艘船组成的船队正返航驶向加勒比地区的港口 a fleet of nine ships sailed home\nto harbour in the Caribbean.
船上正在为这些“海岸的弟兄们”- 他们是这么自称的 There was wild celebrating on board\nfor these brethren of the coast,
举行狂欢 as they called themselves,
之前他们突然袭击了 were returning\nfrom a smash-and-grab raid
在中美洲波托贝洛的西班牙城镇 on the Spanish town of Portobello\nin Central America.
他们偷取了惊人的25,000枚“本洋” They had stolen a staggering\n25,000 pieces of eight.
那是西班牙货币，用纯银铸造 That's the Spanish dollar,\nminted in pure silver.
价值约为今天的一千万美元 It was worth about ￡10 million\nat today's prices.
领导这群所谓的“兄弟”的人是亨利·摩根 Leading the so called "brethren"\nwas Henry Morgan,
一个来自蒙茅斯郡的威尔士人，他凶残、酗酒 a ferocious, hard drinking Welshman\nfrom Monmouthshire
以偷盗为生，嗜好暴力 who made his living\nby theft and violence.
像摩根这样的人是大英帝国的开国元勋 Men like Morgan were the founding\nfathers of the British Empire,
最初，他们并没有试图去统治其他国家 for it began, not in trying\nto rule other countries,
而是抢劫 but in robbing them.
这是一种扭曲的海盗行为 But this was piracy with a twist.
这种行径甚至有一个体面的名字 - 私掠 It even had a different, more\nrespectable name - privateering.
它的操作方式是这样的 It worked like this.
政府授权商船 The Government licensed\nmerchant ships
攻击和抢劫敌对国家的人员物资 to attack and rob\nthe country's enemies
作为交换，政府将占有一份被盗抢的货物 and in exchange, the Government\ngot a share of the stolen goods.
这是建设帝国的廉价方式 This was Empire building\non the cheap.
自由职业者要冒风险，而政府却只管收钱 The freelancers took the risk,\nthe Government took the money.
西班牙船只成了海盗的牺牲品 The pirates' victims\nwere Spanish ships.
船上满载着从他们的美洲殖民地搜刮来的黄金 These were laden with gold\nfrom their colonies in the Americas.
摩根的基地在一个 Morgan's base was a place
最近刚从西班牙手中夺取的地方 that had recently been seized\nfrom the Spanish.
牙买加岛 The island of Jamaica.
英国在岛屿南部的罗亚尔港 The British set up\na new capital here,
建造了一个新的城市 Port Royal in the south\nof the island.
凭借其林立的酒馆，妓院和喧嚣的吵闹声 With its vast number of taverns,\nbrothels and rowdiness,
它很快赢得了一个名声“新世界的所多玛（罪恶之城）” it quickly earned the name,\n"The Sodom of the New World".
所有的一切突然间就结束了 Then all that came to a sudden end.
英国和西班牙缔结了和平条约 Peace was declared\nbetween Britain and Spain,
但牙买加留在了英国人手里 but Jamaica stayed in British hands.
亨利·摩根察觉到了事情的变化，决定自己也改变一下 Henry Morgan saw the way things were\ngoing and decided to diversify.
他藏起了自己的弯刀，买下了4000英亩的土地 He hung up his cutlass and bought\n4,000 acres of land
借此，他开始第二次走运 on which he built a second fortune.
帝国在抢劫中得到孕育 The Empire had been\nconceived in robbery,
但是它的壮大却依赖于种植蔗糖 but it grew fat\non the cultivation of sugar.
偷盗是过去的勾当，贸易是未来的方向 Theft was the past,\ntrade was the future.
英国本土已经对糖极为嗜好 The British at home had developed\na lust for sugar
使得人们对来自热带地区的新奇东西都加上糖 to sweeten the novelties\narriving from the tropics.
咖啡、巧克力和茶叶 Coffee, chocolate and tea.
英国已成为一个嗜糖成瘾的国家 The British were already becoming\na nation of sugar addicts.
来自牙买加种植园的糖能满足他们的要求 Sugar from Jamaican plantations\ncould satisfy their sweet tooth.
但是岛上的人口太少了 But the island's population was tiny
而种植业需要大批的劳动力 and the plantations\nneeded vast amounts of labour.
解决的方案 The answer to the problem
就是贩卖来自非洲的人口 lay in the trafficking\nof human beings from Africa.
奴隶贸易 The slave trade.
英国人并没有把奴隶制引入加勒比 The British didn't introduce slavery\nto the Caribbean,
但是他们在执行奴隶制的时候却热情高涨 but they took to it with enthusiasm.
人贩子在非洲购买了奴隶 Traders bought slaves in Africa
然后用船运送到数千英里远的地方 and then shipped them\nthousands of miles across the world.
许多人死在拥挤不堪的、肮脏又密不透风的甲板货舱里 Many died in the packed,\nfilthy, airless cargo decks.
蔗糖的种植是一个艰辛的过程 Sugar was a back-breaking crop\nto harvest.
首先要把甘蔗砍下来，然后剥掉枝叶 The cane had to be cut down\nand then stripped of its foliage,
再运到磨坊，这一切常常都是在酷热的高温下进行的 and then transported to the mill,\noften in intense, blazing heat.
种植园在吞噬着奴隶 The plantations devoured slaves.
在他们到达这里的三年内，会有三分之一的人死去 Within three years of their arriving\nhere, a third of them would be dead.
到1775年，有多达150万的男子，妇女和儿童 By 1775, 1.5 million men,\nwomen and children
被强行从非洲运到英属西印度群岛 had been forcibly transported from\nAfrica to the British West Indies.
他们的后裔就是现在这些岛屿上的人 Their descendants now people\nthese islands.
把人当做牲口一样去驱使 Treating human beings\nas beasts of burden
使得蔗糖种植园的主人们富裕了 made the owners\nof sugar plantations rich.
这是好希望村种植园主的房子，建于1755年 This is the planter's house on the\nGood Hope Estate, built in 1755.
当户主买下这所房子的时候，他只有23岁 Its owner was 23\nwhen he bought it.
他成为了牙买加的首富 He became the wealthiest\nman in Jamaica,
拥有超过10000亩的土地和3000名奴隶 owning over 10,000 acres\nof land and 3,000 slaves.
种植园主们又被称为庄园主的政府，享有巨大的权力 The sugar planters, known as the\nplantocracy, enjoyed enormous power.
每一片种植地产都有它自己暴政的一面 Each estate was its own\nlittle tyranny.
由于奴隶不享有任何权利 And since slaves enjoyed no rights,
种植园主们完全表现为一个独裁者 the planters were free\nto behave as dictators.
其中之一是托马斯·瑟斯伍德 One was Thomas Thistlewood.
他曾是英格兰的一名农场工人 He had been a farm worker\nin England.
奴隶制度使他成为了一个有钱人 Slavery turned him\ninto a man of means.
他认为自己是一个文人，有写日记的习惯 He fancied himself a man of letters,\ntoo, and kept a diary.
尽管我们都认为 自己很了解奴隶贸易的 Even though we all think we're\nfamiliar with the routine of horrors
恐怖状况 of the slave trade,
但是当你读到这些奴隶主们的所作所为时 when you read what some of\nthese slave trade owners did,
它真的会让你感到恶心 it really does make your stomach\nheave.
这里是1756年3个月内 瑟斯伍德对奴隶 Here are three accounts\nof punishments meted out
进行惩罚的三个描述 by Thistlewood\nin three months in 1756.
“达比偷吃甘蔗被抓住 "Darby catched eating canes.
他被狠狠地鞭打一顿，再在伤口撒上盐 Had him well flogged and pickled.
然后赫克托又在他的嘴里拉屎” Then made Hector\nshit in his mouth."
“在哈塞克身上涂上蜂蜜 "Rubbed Hassack with molasses
然后整日整夜把他赤裸地暴露于苍蝇 and exposed him naked\nto the flies all day
和蚊子的叮咬下 and to the mosquitoes all night.
鞭打、拳击他 Flogged, punched well
然后在他身上擦盐腌辣椒和小胡椒汁 and then washed and rubbed in salt\npickle lime juice and bird pepper.
再让黑人乔在他的眼睛和嘴里小便” Made negro Joe piss in his eyes\nand mouth."
瑟斯伍德还记下了一个被称为 “nutmegging”- 强奸女奴隶 Thistlewood kept a tally\nof what was known as "nutmegging" -
的帐目 the rape of female slaves,
根据他自己的推算，他做过3852次 something he did, by his own\nreckoning, on 3,852 occasions.
他还会让客人也这么干 He would allow his guests\nto do the same.
当这些奴隶主在星期日去教堂祷告的时候 When these slave owners\nwent to church on a Sunday,
他们无疑是相信自己是好人，是基督徒 they doubtless did so believing\nthey were good, Christian folk.
他们的所作所为完全是因为他们从来都没把奴隶 They behaved as they did because\nthey didn't regard their slaves
当做人看待，而是当做能取悦自己的私有财产 as fellow human beings, but as their\nproperty to do with as they pleased.
两个多世纪后，奴隶制的记忆依然没有褪去 More than two centuries later,\nthe memory of slavery hasn't faded.
你的家人是多久以前来到这个国家的？ How long ago did your family\noriginally come to this country?
1760年 Er, in 1760.
据我的祖母所说 Erm, according to my grandmother.
他们怎么来这的？ And how did they come here?
他们记得是在1760年，当他们颠沛流离来到这的时候 The first one in that line\nthat they remembered in 1760,
最先到达的人 when they came over,
实际上是从非洲的黄金海岸被带到这的 was that actually he was taken\nfrom the Gold Coast in Africa.
-是当做奴隶被带来的吗？ -是的，后来死在了牙买加 -As a slave?\n-As a slave, yes, and he ended up in Jamaica.
我认为是在好希望种植园 I think on the Good Hope plantation\nand, um,
那时候我祖母会说到这些，她还哭了 at the times my grandmother\nwould talk, she would cry, em,
因为他们会像我们一样站在这，还有一个这样的轧机 because even like we were\nstanding here, a mill like this,
他们就用一只手把甘蔗放进去，然后一匹马会... they would put the cane in one hand\nand a horse would be...
-一匹马？ -是的，马会牵着它转动 -A horse?\n-Yes, would, would be turning it.
像踩磨一样，当它们转动轧机， Like treading the mill,\nand when they turn it now,
这部分会把甘蔗绞进去，再挤压 this part would take in the cane\nand squeeze it,
-压出汁水 -甘蔗汁从这个漏斗口流出来？ -squeeze the juice out of it.\n-And the juice comes out of the funnel?
汁水就会从这前面流出来 The juice now would come out\nfrom out the front of it, here.
当他们被当做奴隶干活的时候 And, so, when they were working\nas slaves
他们一直要干12个小时，这过程中 and they were working for 12 hours
他们会犯困、睡觉，他就不得不放一把斧子在这 and they would fall asleep,\nhe would have to have an axe here,
要是在睡觉的时候 手放在这，他就犯了个大错 that if his hand, if he fall asleep\non it and he made a mistake,
手会绞进去，他就必须砍掉手 and his hand go in here,\nhe would have to chop it off.
你知道，在我的大家族里，可能就有人 Yeah. You know,\nsomeone in my extended family,
参与了将你的祖先带到这里做奴隶 probably was involved in bringing\nyour ancestors over here as slaves.
这让你感到愤怒吗？ Yeah...\nDoesn't it make you feel furious?
不，我认为现在不会了，我们这代人已经不记恨这些了 No, I don't think for now, we have\npassed that in this generation.
那么，让我们面对现实，实际上，如果你是奴隶 Well, let's be realistic.\nYou were, as slaves,
就会被当做牛马一样驱使 being used as beasts of burden,\nessentially.
是的，没错，很难理解为什么有人会如此对待 Yes, yes.It's hard to understand why some\npeople would want to do that
其他人 to other people,
他们的想法是：你应该一辈子都为我工作 or want to say, erm, you should work\nfor me for all of your time,
几代人都为我工作，而且我绝不会付给你们报酬 for generations\nand I'm never going to pay you.
我希望在英国，有一天他们能看一眼牙买加的我们 I hope that in Britain, one day,\nthey will look at us here in Jamaica
然后说“牙买加人让我们变得富裕” and say, "Jamaica made us rich."
“牙买加是世界的糖业之都” "Jamaica was the sugar capital\nof the world."
最终，当加勒比地区的奴隶贸易 Eventually, the people in Britain\nbecame so outraged
在1807年被废止的时候 by what was happening\nin the Caribbean
英国人对此十分愤怒 that the slave trade\nwas abolished in 1807.
但羽翼未丰的帝国 But the wealth\nof the fledgling Empire
其财富并非只来自于奴隶 didn't come from slavery alone.
在世界的另一边 There were riches\nof a different kind
蕴藏着许多种不同于奴隶的财富 to be found on the other side\nof the world.
在18世纪，这里是印度统治王朝的所在地 In the 18th century, this was\nthe home of India's ruling dynasty.
第一批到来的英国游客对他们的所见充满了敬畏 The first British visitors\nwere awe-struck by what they found.
猛然见到这样的地方，一定会让人十分惊讶 Places like this must have been\nabsolutely amazing to encounter.
从寒冷而暗淡的北半球某处来到这里 You'd arrive from somewhere cold\nand bleak in the northern hemisphere
你能想象得出来这对一些野心勃勃的 and one can only imagine\nwhat effect it must have had
年轻小伙的影响 upon some young lad on the make.
在这里的某处有一个御座 There was a throne\nsomewhere in here.
皇帝的宝座，孔雀宝座 The Emperor's throne,\nthe peacock throne,
上面镶有珠宝，其中有“光之山”钻石 which was encrusted with jewels,\nincluding the Koh-i-Noor diamond
墙上还有铭文，哈，在那上边 and an inscription on the wall,\nah, that's it up there,
在阿拉伯语中的意思是“如果世上有天堂，就是这里” in Arabic, which says, "If there\nbe paradise on earth, this is it".
影响一定是很惊人的 The effect must have been\nastonishing.
最早在印度的英国人是商人 The earliest Britons in India\nwere traders,
他们去那里寻求香料，棉花，印花布和靛蓝 men who'd gone there for spices,\ncotton, calicos, and indigo.
东印度公司很快就在贸易中占据了主导地位 The East India Company,\nwhich soon dominated trade,
建立了自己的军队的地方武装 raised its own army of local troops.
1744年，一名年轻人来到印度 In 1744,\na young man arrived in India
他是公司的文职人员 to work as a clerk\nfor the company.
他叫罗伯特·克莱夫 - 一个雄心勃勃，脾气暴躁 His name was Robert Clive -\nambitious, short tempered,
没有耐性的人，克莱夫发现手上舞一把剑 and impatient, Clive could see\nthat wielding a sword
比舞弄一支钢笔更能致富 was a faster route to riches\nthan pushing a pen.
他告诫自己要成为一名士兵 Clive taught himself\nto be a soldier.
例如，他了解到 He learned, for example,
击退象兵部队的最好办法 that the best way to repel\ntroops mounted on elephants,
你应该需要知道 should you ever need to know,
就是用火枪向这些动物齐射，直到它们惊逃溃散 is to fire a volley of shots at\nthe animals until they stampede.
但是他最大的天赋，用他自己的话说就是 But his greatest talent of all was,\nin his own words,
“...政治，诈骗，阴谋和上帝才知道” "...for politics, chicanery,\nintrigue and the Lord knows what."
在1757年的普拉西战役中 At the Battle of Plassey in 1757
克莱夫智胜孟加拉的统治者 - Clive outwitted the ruler\nof the State of Bengal,
一个敢于挑战东印度公司权力的人 a man who had dared to challenge\nthe power of the East India Company.
克莱夫随后进入王子的宝库 Clive then walked\ninto the Prince's Treasury
很冷静地使自己得到一大笔财富 and coolly helped himself\nto a fortune.
然后，他把财宝装上一个由75艘驳船 He then shipped it in a fleet\nof 75 barges
组成的船队 运回公司在加尔各答的总部 to the company's headquarters\nin Calcutta.
不久，英语中又增加了一个新词汇 Soon afterwards, a new word\nentered the English language.
就是北印度语 -“战利品” It was a Hindi word, "loot".
当克莱夫回到英格兰 When Clive returned to England,
他完全就是英国人所蔑视的 he was met with the characteristic\nBritish disdain
那种一夜暴富的男人形象 for men who make their money\nin a hurry.
但当他被带到议会上的时候，他只是说 But when hauled before Parliament,\nhe simply said,
“一座华丽的城市在挑战我的仁慈 "An opulent city lay at my mercy.
它的宝库向我敞开大门 Its vaults were thrown open\nto me alone,
我的两边堆满了黄金和珠宝 piled on either hand\nwith gold and jewels.
主席阁下，此刻我都很惊讶我能那么克制自己” Mr Chairman, at this moment I stand\nastonished at my own moderation".
有钱就有权 With wealth came power.
东印度公司逐渐控制了 The East India Company\ngradually took control
大片的土地 of huge swathes of the land.
公司的人变成了印度的新王子 The company men\nwere the new Princes of India.
他们在加尔各答的主要街道上建造了属于自己的 They built themselves great palaces\nin the British style
英式风格的宏伟宫殿 on Calcutta's main street.
许多宫殿到今天仍然矗立在那里 Many of them still stand today.
至于克莱夫，他成为了孟加拉的总督 As for Clive,\nhe became Governor of Bengal.
所以说，最初的抢劫手段 最终转化为统治 So what had begun in plunder\nhad ended in government
而且这一点被证明贯穿于整个世界 and so it was to prove\nright across the world.
正是罗伯特·克莱夫和那些象他一样的人的贪婪 It was the greed of Robert Clive\nand men like him
把英国打造成了帝国 which built Britain an Empire.
那是什么？ Oh, what's that?
这是什么？罗望子，罗望子吗？ What is this? Tamarind.\nTamarind? Ah.
十八世纪的印度为英国提供了一系列重要商品 18th century India provided Britain\nwith a spectacular array of goods.
完全不同种类的商品 The sheer variety.
我的意思是说，我不清楚大多数的商品到底是什么 I mean, I have no idea what most\nof these things are.
这里有这么多黄色的东西，我不知道它是什么 There's an awful lot of this yellow\nstuff. I wonder what it is.
早期的旅客因为香料贸易来到了印度 It was the spice trade that had\nbrought early travellers to India.
现在，对我们来说，辣椒、花椒、甚至姜黄都是很熟悉的了 Chillies, pepper, even turmeric\nare familiar tastes now,
但在帝国初期，它们都是带着异国情调的奢侈品 but in the early days of Empire,\nthey were an exotic luxury.
这个不错... That's a good...
哎呀，这个味道浓！ Crikey, it is! Quite strong!
印度为欧洲提供了全新的口味和色彩 India offered Europe a whole\nnew world of taste and colour.
它一定是辣椒 It must be the pepper.
不仅仅是香料，还有纺织品和家具 And it wasn't just spices,\nbut fabrics and furniture, too.
全球的商业网络 A network of global commerce
把遥远的异域文化也带到了西方 was bringing the cultures of\ndistant lands closer together.
要小心一点...这里交通有些拥堵 Mind yourselves, er...\nThere's a bit of a traffic jam here.
对不起 Sorry.
现在我们对来自印度的香料一点都不会感到好奇了 It's no surprise to us now\nthat spices come from India,
但是有一种我们都很熟悉的印度产品 but there was one Indian product\nthat became so familiar,
现在很难相信它居然不是源于英格兰 it's hard to believe\nit didn't originate in England.
印花棉布 Chintz.
早上好，你好 Good morning. How do you do?
-很高兴见到你 -他是大亨，印花棉布之王 -Very good to see you.\n-He's the King. The King of Chintz.
-你是印花棉布之王？ -那是摩格勒娜 -You're the King of Chintz?\n-That's Morgelena.
那么你就是印花棉布公主 And you're the Princess of Chintz.\nYes. OK, good. Excellent.
印花棉布就是在白棉布上 Chintz is calico cloth
染上颜料，或者用大块木料在上面印上颜料 that's been painted or printed\nwith a wood block.
这里是加尔各答郊外 Here on the outskirts of Calcutta,
人们还保留着用传统方法制作的工艺 they've kept the traditional\nway of making it alive.
他们仍然在使用几个世纪以前的技术 They're still using techniques\npioneered centuries ago.
老实说，棉布在我脑海中有一个非常坏的印象 I'll be honest with you - chintz\nhas a very bad image in my mind.
就是这种东西，你知道 It's this sort of thing, you know,
这种东西都是老奶奶铺在沙发上的东西 it's the sort of thing\ngrannies have on their sofas.
-印花棉布还有别的制作方法吗？ -有的 -Yes. That's not just what chintz is?\n-No, no, no.
这就是在后来一直都 This is what has been in later times
满足了英国人的要求的那种印花棉布 adapted to the taste\nof the British people
都是在丝网上制造的 and has been done on the screen.
-哦，是我们的错 -是的，这是丝网印刷 -Oh, it's our fault!\n-Yeah, it's screen printed.
因此，如果你回到16/17世纪 So therefore, if you go back to\napproximately the 16th/17th century,
这就是最初的印度印花棉布 this is what is\nthe original Indian chintz,
是用喷洒、点缀的方法 which is sprinkled, sprayed,
手绘或者手工印制的织物 hand painted or hand block printed\nfabric. Right.
而这个是用钢笔绘图 So it's a drawing with the pen
并使用天然染料在上面填充各种颜色 and using natural dye process\nto fill in the various colours.
英国人最初迷上印花棉布是在17世纪 Britain first fell in love\nwith chintz in the 17th century.
英国没有一种产品可以媲美这种带有丰富图案 Nothing that Britain produced then\ncould match the rich patterns
和颜色的孟加拉纺织品 and colours of this Bengali textile.
-这是劳动密集型的产业，是吗？ -是的 -Astonishingly labour intensive,isn't it?\n-Yes, it is.
-需要很大的耐心 -你当然有耐心！ -Need more patience.\n-You certainly do!
最糟糕的是，你一点错都不能犯 The worst thing is, you can't make\na single mistake ever. Yes.
你把所有的颜色都这样画上去 So you put all the colours\non like this
完成以后的产品是什么样的？ and what's the finished product?
这边有一些，都是完成的 Yes, I have some, this is finished.\nOK.
这就是最终完成的产品 This is the final product.
-这都是你做的，是吗？ -是的，先生，是我做的 -And this is your work, is it?\n-Yes, sir. This is my work.
-这是传统的模式吗？ -是传统的模式 -This is a traditional pattern?\n-This is a traditional pattern.
那么这就是那些将被 So is this the sort of thing
用船运送到英国和欧洲的产品吗？ -是的 -that would have been shipped\nto Britain and to Europe? -Yes.
哇哦，绚丽的色彩，辉煌的设计 Well, they're brilliant colours\nand a brilliant design,
非常感谢你 so thank you very much.
你能明白为什么人们会为此疯狂，谢谢你，先生 You can see why people went crazy\nfor it. Thank you, sir.
一度，印花棉布占到印度出口量的四分之三 At one time, chintz made up\nthree quarters of India's exports.
它变得如此受欢迎，以至于英国布匹厂商提出了抗议 It became so popular\nthat British cloth makers protested.
1720年，印花棉布实际上在英国被禁止进口了 In 1720, it was actually banned\nin Britain
在那之后，英国人开始自己生产它 and after that, the British\nstarted making their own.
三个多世纪以来，英国更多的是通过贸易手段 For more than three centuries,\nit was trade not conquests
获得新的殖民地，而不是占领 which brought new colonies\ninto the Empire,
虽然这一手段也经常被枪炮所替代 though it was often trade\nat the end of a gun or a sword.
被投机者和骗子操控的私人公司 Private companies run by\nspeculators, and the odd crook,
接管了大量的外国领土 took over huge chunks\nof foreign territory.
他们以自己喜欢的方式操作 - 召集军队 They ran them as they liked,\nraising armies,
与当地统治者做交易 doing deals with local rulers.
东印度公司是他们中最大的 The East India Company\nwas the grandest of them.
加拿大是由哈得逊湾公司开发的 Canada was opened up\nby the Hudson's Bay Company,
这是一家做毛皮交易的公司 which traded in skins and furs.
而非洲大湖公司 And the African Lakes Corporation
则买卖非洲大片土地上的物产 bought and sold the bounty\nof swathes of Africa.
这些公司大多数都是由千里之外的人遥控的 Most were accountable to men sitting\nin offices thousands of miles away.
帝国的心脏地区是伦敦市 At the heart of Empire\nwas the City of London.
它是全球贸易的网络中心 The centre of a spider's web\nof global trade.
这里是挣钱的地方，是买和卖的地方 This was where money was made,\ngoods bought and sold.
在伦敦金属交易所，他们一直在做这样的业务 At the London Metal Exchange, they\nhave been doing business in this way
已经有200多年了 for over 200 years.
下面的一切看起来都很混乱，人们大喊大叫 It all looks utter chaos down there,\nwith people shouting
做着奇怪的手势 and making strange gestures,
同时接两、三个电话，但是在这一切的背后 talking into two or three telephones\nat the same time, but behind it all
隐藏着一个重要的线索，是关于为何英国会在它的 there is an important clue as to why\nBritain became such a powerful force
帝国时期拥有强大的力量 in the days of The Empire.
在这样的地方，商人们投机于 On floors like this, traders\nspeculated on tin from Malaya,
来自印度的棉花，澳大利亚的羊毛，南非的黄金 cotton from India, wool from\nAustralia, gold from South Africa.
从17世纪起 From the 17th century,
英国在全球率先开展了银行，金融和保险业 Britain took the lead in global\nbanking, finance and insurance.
城市银行家和商人使得伦敦成为了 City bankers and merchants\nmade London the pivot
全球商业系统的支点 of the world's entire\ncommercial system
在进入20世纪时，伦敦保持了这一领先姿态 and London held that lead\nwell into the 20th century.
到了19世纪末 By the end of the 19th century,
全世界一半以上的贸易都是以英镑为资金的 more than half the world's trade\nwas financed in British pounds.
维多利亚时代的投资者通过投资于 Victorian investors grew rich
世界另一边的物产而致富，投资于那些 trading in things on the other\nside of the world,
他们从没看到的东西，也许他们从没想过要看一眼 things they never saw\nor perhaps never wanted to see.
安东尼·吉布斯父子商人银行 The Merchant Banking House\nof Antony Gibbs & Sons
通过做一种非常乏味的商品- 鸟粪 而发了财 made their fortune trading in a very\nunglamorous commodity - bird poo.
它被称作鸟粪石，是从南美洲的一些 It was called guano and it was\ncollected from some islands
沿海岛屿上搜集来的，因此有人说 off the coast of South America.\nHence it was said,
“吉布斯大厦是通过卖 "The House of Gibbs made their dibs
外国鸟的鸟粪发家的” by selling the turds\nof foreign birds".
鸟粪从秘鲁海岸被收集了，然后作为肥料出售 Guano was gathered off the coast\nof Peru and sold as fertiliser.
这让一些英国商人发了大财 It made a fortune\nfor British businessmen.
吉布斯家族从鸟粪生意中挣到了如此多的钱 The Gibbs family made\nso much money from guano,
以至于他们能为秘鲁经济提供大笔资金 they were able to bankroll\nmuch of the Peruvian economy.
维多利亚时代的英国，实际上有两个帝国 - Victorian Britain, in effect,\nhad two Empires -
一个由政客运作，另一个由吉布斯那样的有钱人运作 one run by politicians,\nthe other by money men like Gibbs.
在南美，英国银行向多个政府提供信贷 In South America, British banks\nsupplied governments with credit.
英国公司在阿根廷修建铁路 British companies built railways\nacross Argentina.
英国定居者则买下庞大的牧场来养牛 British settlers bought huge ranches\nand raised cattle.
但是在维多利亚女王时代的帝国 But the real killing to be made\nin Queen Victoria's Empire
真正赚大钱的方法远比搜集鸟粪有害得多 was from something far more\npernicious than bird droppings
它让一些英国人得到了他们做梦都不敢想的财富 and it made some Britons rich\nbeyond their wildest dreams.
英国的前殖民地香港 The former British island colony\nof Hong Kong
密密麻麻地布满了银行和贸易公司 is so densely packed\nwith banking and trading firms,
它是世界上最为高楼林立的城市 it's known as the world's\nmost vertical city.
这个地方的一切都要钱来买 The place lives,\neats and breathes money.
香港如何被英国占领的故事 The story of how Hong Kong\ncame to be British
往往反映出帝国对利润的无情追求 reflects the Empire's often\nruthless pursuit of profit.
这是一个不同寻常的故事 It's an extraordinary story,
也是英国历史上最可耻的故事中的一个 even if it is one of the most\nshameful in British history.
然而，这段黑暗的经历在开始的时候却那么纯洁 And yet this dark episode\nbegan innocently enough.
这一切都源于英国人对茶的热情 It was borne from the English\npassion for a cup of tea.
你好！你好！ Hello! Hello. Hello.
你们有多少种茶？ How many types of tea do you have?
我们这里的茶都是中国茶 Er, mainly it is all the Chinese\ntea we have.
全都是的，所有种类都是中国茶 All of them. All of them?!\nAll of the types, yes.
-闻起来很香，是吗？ -你想来一杯尝尝吗？ -Oh, it smells lovely, doesn't it?\n-Would you like to have a cup of tea?
-是的，我很想喝一杯 -这边请 -谢谢 -I'd love to have one, yes.\n-This way, please. Thank you. Yeah.
在19世纪早期 In the early 19th century,
中国几乎是唯一种植茶叶的地方 China was virtually the only place\ntea was grown.
但是有一个问题 But there was a problem.
三个世纪的时间里，中国严格限制与西方的 For three centuries,\nChina had severely restricted trade
贸易 with the West.
英国政府对此感到绝望，甚至派过一个代表团到中国 The British were desperate\nand even sent a delegation to China.
他们恳求中国皇帝开放国家 They begged the Emperor\nto open up his country
并允许用英国商品换取茶叶 and take some British products\nin exchange for tea.
他们献给皇帝各种小玩意 They presented him\nwith all sorts of trinkets.
有游戏和奇趣之物，还有科学仪器和玩具 Games and curiosities,\nscientific instruments and toys.
但他仍坚决不为所动 But he remained\nresolutely unimpressed.
“我们拥有一切” 皇帝说 "We possess all things,"\nsaid the Emperor.
“我认为你们这些古怪的东西没有价值 "I set no value upon things\nstrange or ingenious
而且我也用不着你们国家生产的任何东西” and I have no use for\nyour country's manufactures".
但是要想得到他们渴望的茶叶 But to get the tea they craved,
英国人有一样可以用来交易的东西，那也是许多中国人 the British had one thing to trade\nthat many Chinese craved even more.
都渴望的东西 - 鸦片 opium.
这种药物在中国是非法的，然而许多人无视这一禁令 The drug was illegal in China,\nthough the ban was widely ignored.
当时有大约1200万农民沉溺于鸦片 There were an estimated 12 million\npeasants addicted to opium.
当局称“这是一种致命的毒药 The authorities there called it,\n"A deadly poison,
破坏了我们人民的思想和道德” ruining the minds and morals\nof our people."
英国人在印度种植罂粟 The British grew opium poppies\nin India.
在那里，他们有大规模的工厂加工生产 There they processed it in factories\non a colossal scale.
最后，鸦片被运到中国并卖给走私者 Finally, it was shipped to China\nand sold to smugglers.
英国商人用卖鸦片赚到的钱再去买中国出产的茶叶 With the profits,\nBritish traders bought Chinese tea.
特别要提到两个人，他们靠走私鸦片赚取了大笔财富 Two men in particular made\na handsome profit out of opium.
一个是威廉·渣甸，他是一名苏格兰农民的儿子 One was William Jardine,\nthe son of a Scottish farmer.
另一位是他的生意伙伴，也是苏格兰人，詹姆斯·马西森 The other was his business partner\nand fellow Scot, James Matheson.
他们从停泊在中国大陆外海的船舶上 From boats moored\noff the Chinese mainland
销售了大量的鸦片，这些鸦片都被贩卖到中国 they sold industrial quantities of\nopium to be trafficked into China.
当时，在英国贩卖鸦片不是非法的 At the time, selling opium\nwasn't illegal in Britain,
这也使得他们没有任何道德上的顾虑 nor did it cause them\nany moral qualms.
渣甸自己说过“鸦片生意是我所知道的 Jardine himself said that,\n"Trading in opium was the safest
最安全、最绅士的投机买卖” and most gentlemanly speculation\nI'm aware of."
而他的合作伙伴，马西森，认为这在道德上与 And his partner, Matheson, thought\nit no more morally equivalent
在英国销售白兰地酒或香槟酒是一样的 to selling brandy or champagne\nin Britain.
生意只是生意 Business was just business.
1839年，中国皇帝觉得他已经受够了 In 1839, the Chinese Emperor\ndecided he'd had enough.
他下令查抄并销毁了 He ordered more than 1,000 tonnes
超过1000吨的英国鸦片 of British supplied opium\nto be seized and destroyed.
英国政府大为恼怒 The British government was outraged.
它引用了一个庄重而又适宜的的原则 It invoked a sacred\nand very convenient principle.
自由贸易原则 The principle of free trade.
英国人宣称他们可以在自己喜欢的地方卖想卖的东西 Britain had to be allowed to trade\nwhat and where she liked,
尤其是鸦片 especially in the case of opium.
鸦片正在让英国变的富裕 Opium was making Britain rich.
它很快就占到了 It soon accounted for over a fifth
印度政府收入的五分之一以上 of the income of the government\nof India.
两个强大的帝国，每一个都相信自己占有优势 Two mighty Empires, each convinced\nof their own superiority,
现在双方剑拔弩张了 were now set on collision course.
鸦片战争即将爆发 The opium wars were about to begin.
英国的第一艘远洋铁甲战舰 -复仇女神号 Britain's first ocean going\niron war ship, The Nemesis,
在利物浦建造，被派去对抗中国皇帝的海军 built in Liverpool, was sent out\nto take on the Emperor's navy.
仅仅一个下午，它就击毁了许多中国舰船 It helped destroy much of it\nin a single afternoon.
这是一次现代世界与古代文明的较量 This was the modern world\nconfronting an ancient one.
帆船与炮舰的对抗 Sailing junks against\nsteam driven gun boats.
中国政府别无选择，只有投降 The Chinese had no choice\nbut to surrender
并开放5个口岸作为英国贸易港口 and to open five ports\nto British trade.
中国已被迫进入现代化的全球经济 China had been forced to enter\nthe modern global economy.
香港是英国从鸦片战争中获得的一个奖品 Hong Kong was one of Britain's\nprizes from the opium wars.
由于接近中国大陆，对于同新开放的 Close to the Chinese mainland,
大清帝国进行贸易而言，香港是一个完美的地点 it was perfect for trading with\nthe newly opened Chinese Empire.
1841年1月，马西森把他的总部搬到了香港 Matheson moved his headquarters\nto Hong Kong in January, 1841.
从鸦片贸易中获得的利润增加了一倍 Profits from the opium trade\ndoubled.
因此，这最繁华的英国殖民地 So this most bustling\nof British colonies
其实是建立在一种能让人麻痹的药物之上 was built on a drug\nwhich stupefies people.
更值得注意的是，直到进入20世纪，英国都一直 Even more remarkably, the British\ncontinued to ship opium into China
在向中国输出鸦片 until well into the 20th century.
香港以惊人的速度成长 Hong Kong grew\nat an astonishing rate.
为了服务于同中国的贸易，一个新银行诞生了 - A new bank was founded\nto service the China trade -
香港上海汇丰银行 The Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank.
就是我们所知道的HSBC We know it as HSBC.
今天，香港对于全球金融市场而言，是一块炙手可热的地方 Today, Hong Kong is a hot house\nfor global finance.
但是在促进香港繁荣的过程中，怡和有限公司起到了 But what about the company\nthat played such a large part
很大的作用，它是怎么做到的？ in founding Hong Kong's prosperity\nJardine, Matheson & Co?
公司仍旧在这里，依然运营良好 Well, they're still here\nand still doing very well.
这些是怡和有限公司的现代化总部 These are the modern headquarters\nof Jardine Matheson.
这些圆窗在当地赢得了一个绰号 The round windows have earned it\nthe local nickname,
“千孔大楼” "The building of\na thousand orifices."
至少这是一种礼貌的说法 At least that's the polite version.
毫无疑问，创始人的良知一定在这里的某处 Doubtless, somewhere\nin the foundations are buried
发挥着作用 the consciences of its founders.
1997年，在鸦片战争结束一个半世纪后 In 1997, more than a century\nand a half after the opium wars,
香港被归还给了中国 Hong Kong was returned to China.
现在，英国国旗降下来了 The Union flag will now be lowered.
中华人名共和国国旗将升起 The National flag of the People's\nRepublic of China will be raised.
香港的所有要员全都迎接了这一重要的 All the important people in Hong Kong\ngreet the first sight
时刻 of their new flag.
当英国终于在1997年离开香港的时候 When the British finally quit\nHong Kong in 1997,
他们如此夸耀自己“他们正在移交一块已经密切 they did so boasting, "They were\nhanding on a territory intimately
融入世界经济的土地” wired into the world economy."
英国殖民地起源时的可耻一幕现在被 The shameful origins of\nBritish colonial presence here
轻松地遗忘了 conveniently forgotten.
但是，中国人从来没有忘记，当初国家是如何在 But China has never entirely\nforgotten how a foreign power
外国强权枪炮的威逼下，被迫容忍千百万的人民 forced it at gunpoint to allow\nmillions of its citizens
成为毒品的受害者 to be turned into drug addicts.
帝国的战利品使不列颠丰衣足食 The spoils of Empire\nmade Britannia rich.
从殖民地运来的有金、银、香料，甚至植物 From the colonies came gold\nand silver and spices. Even plants.
帝国是如此的辽阔，以至于想把植物种哪里 And so vast was her Empire,\nBritain could choose to grow them
就种哪里 where she liked.
茶树能够第一次在印度和锡兰得到种植 Tea bushes could be planted for the\nfirst time in India and Ceylon.
烟草被种植在南部非洲 Tobacco planted in southern Africa.
有一种特别的种子，能使本就富足的英国 And there was a particular seed\nthat made a very rich Empire
更加富裕 even richer.
1877年的夏天，一个大包装箱被送到了 In the summer of 1877,\na large packing case arrived here
新加坡的植物园 in Singapore's Botanic Gardens.
里面装的是英国植物猎人从巴西搜集来的 Inside the case were 22 seedlings\nof rubber trees
22株橡胶树幼苗 collected by British plant hunters\nin Brazil.
现在这里的橡胶树都是那些原始秧苗的后代 These trees are descended from\nthose original seedlings.
它们里面有乳白色的液体，称为胶乳 Inside them\nis a milky fluid called latex.
橡胶就是从它而来的 You make rubber from it.
植物园的负责人，亨利·雷德利 The director of the Botanic Gardens,\nHenry Ridley,
是一个有远见的人 was a man with a vision.
他看到了橡胶所具有的巨大潜力 He saw the truly massive potential\nof rubber
并发起了一项运动，说服了该地区的所有种植园主 and launched a crusade to convince\nevery planter in the region
都来种植橡胶 to grow it.
雷德利把橡胶种子塞进种植园主的口袋 Ridley stuffed the planters' pockets\nwith rubber seeds.
然后他向他们传授如何保护这些植物 He lectured them\non how to protect their plants.
在他们鼻子底下晃动处理过的橡胶样品 He waved specimens of processed\nrubber under their noses.
他是一个痴迷的男人 He was a man obsessed.
人们称他为橡胶雷德利 - 那是当着他面的时候 They called him Rubber Ridley -\nthat was to his face.
背着他的时候，人们叫他疯狂的雷德利 Behind his back, they called him\nMad Ridley.
大多数人觉得他的激情近乎疯狂 Most people associate his madness\nto his passion.
在那个时代，他是一个非常有远见的人，一个敏锐的科学家 He's a great visionary of his time,\na keen scientist,
并且对于今天我们在这里看到的橡胶工业来说 and he's responsible for most\nof what we see here
大多数都是他的功劳 in the rubber industry today.
雷德利想出了一个割胶的新方法，是吗？ Now, Ridley came up with a new way\nof tapping rubber trees, didn't he?
是的，之前的方法都太过粗糙 Er, yeah. The methods used were\npretty harsh before that.
以前人们要猛砍橡胶树 They would hack into\nthe rubber tree,
这会伤到树的脉管形成层，而这个组织是树木生存所必需的 injuring the vascular cambium which\nis necessary for the tree's survival.
实际情况是，他用各种不同的刺、割方式在树上 And what actually happened\nwas he experimented with various
做试验 tree stabbing existence.
在新加坡植物园，他找到了一种方法 -通过划割 In the Singapore Botanic Gardens,\nhe found a way to tap the rubber
橡胶树，暴露出树的导管，然后得到胶乳 by exposing the vessels\nthat produced the latex
这种方法不会损伤树的脉管形成层 without harming the vascular cambium.
树木能继续存活吗？ And the tree carried on living?
是的，所以你能一次又一次地割胶 Yeah. So you could tap it again\nand again and again and again?
在树的一面可以割5年 For up to five years on one side
在这一面割过以后，你就让它愈合 and once you've done on one side\nyou can actually let it heal
同时你可以割另一面，再割5年 while you tap the other side\nfor another five years.
基本上是在某一个角度来切割 Basically it is cut at an angle.
-这个白色的东西就是胶乳，是吗？ -是的，胶乳 -So this white, that's latex, is it?\n-Yes. Latex, yes.
-在下面用一个碗或者别的东西来收集？ -是的 -What, there's a bowl or something\ndown here to collect it? -Yes.
啊，胶乳还蛮多的，不是吗？ Ah, it's really prolific,\nisn't it?!
这个很粘，是吗？ It's sticky, isn't it?
-这够做一副橡胶手套的吧？也许够？ -是的 -A pair of rubber gloves there\nor something? Maybe? -Yeah.
雷德利是如此兴奋，因为他知道 Ridley was so excited\nbecause he knew just how much
橡胶对于帝国而言是极有价值的东西 rubber could be worth\nto the British Empire.
在19世纪，橡胶就象今天的塑料一样 Rubber was the plastic\nof the 19th century.
几乎所有的东西都能用它来做 It could be made\ninto just about anything.
橡胶靴子，橡胶罩 Rubber boots, rubber hoods,
外套，帽子，软管管道，橡胶雨衣 coats, hats, hose pipes,\nrubber raincoats.
英国制造商们想要得到所有他们能搞到手的橡胶 British manufacturers wanted as much\nas they could get their hands on.
数百万棵橡胶树被种植在 Millions of rubber trees\nwere planted
新加坡的邻国，英属马来亚 in Singapore's neighbouring\nBritish territory, Malaya.
几千名工人从另一个殖民地 -印度 被带到这里 And thousands of workers\nwere brought in from another colony,
在广阔的种植园里工作 India, to work on\nthe vast new estates.
这一切改变了这个国家 It transformed the country.
到20世纪30年代，全世界的橡胶有四分之三产自这里 By the 1930s, three quarters of the\nworld's rubber was coming from here.
其中大部分是由英国公司生产的 British companies\nproduced most of it.
在整个帝国的版图内，英国船只满载着橡胶、棉花或香蕉 All over the Empire, British ships\nsailed home with cargoes of rubber
驶向本土 or cotton or bananas.
他们随后又满载着英国制造的各种商品 They went back to the colonies
驶向各个殖民地 loaded with things manufactured\nin Britain.
茶壶、平底锅、刀、甚至布帽子 Tea-pots, saucepans, knives,\neven cloth caps.
但是有一种产品将使英国和它最重要的殖民地 But one product would put Britain\nand its most important colony
产生冲突 -棉花 on a collision course - cotton.
英国工厂从印度采购原棉，然后将它纺成布 British factories took raw cotton\nfrom India and spun it into cloth.
到20世纪20年代，兰开夏郡的棉花厂占领了世界市场 By the 1920s, Lancashire's cotton\nmills dominated the world market.
相比之下，一度蓬勃发展的印度布匹贸易实际上 By contrast, the once flourishing\nIndian cloth trade
已经崩溃 had virtually collapsed.
他们反而必须依赖于英国生产的棉布 They had to rely instead\non cloth woven in Britain.
这对于许多印度人而言，是最后的侮辱 For many Indians,\nit was the final insult.
印度独立运动领袖 - The leader of the Indian\nIndependence Movement,
圣雄甘地，烧掉了自己的西装 Mahatma Gandhi, burned his suit
穿上了印度农民的服装 and adopted the dress\nof an Indian peasant.
他把纺车作为印度自由的象征 He took the spinning wheel\nas a symbol of Indian freedom
并告诉他的同胞，不要再购买英国产的布 and told his countrymen\nto stop buying British cloth.
甘地抵制英货的影响，甚至连4500英里以外的 The effect of Gandhi's boycott\nwas felt 4,500 miles away
兰开夏郡纺织工业所处的中心地带都感觉到了 in the heartlands\nof Lancashire's weaving industry.
兰开夏郡在帝国以外的业绩已经非常好了 Lancashire had done well\nout of the Empire.
在同一时间，他们所产棉布的几乎三分之二 At one time, almost two thirds\nof its manufactured cotton
已经销售回了印度 had been sold back to India.
但是现在日子难过了 But now times were hard.
不下于74家工厂倒闭 No fewer than 74 of the mills\nhad closed
那些愤怒的失业工人 and angry, unemployed mill workers
纷纷指责甘地对英国棉布的抵制 blamed Gandhi for his boycott\nof British cloth.
在像达尔文这样的城镇 In towns like Darwen,
那里的工厂为帝国和其他地区生产织布 whose mills were used to weaving\ncloth for the Empire and beyond,
现在也充满了沮丧和绝望 there was frustration and despair.
随后传来了惊人的消息 Then came extraordinary news.
甘地要来英国并将造访兰开夏郡 Gandhi was coming to Britain\nand would visit Lancashire.
他此举是要进狮子的巢穴 - 来亲自看看 He was entering the lion's den -\ncoming to see for himself
印度抵制英货对当地纺织工人造成的影响 the effect the Indian boycott\nwas having on textile workers here.
然后来了一个小个子男人，衣不蔽体 Then came a little man,\nstill scantily clad,
但他却用一个很湿的毯子包住自己的身体 but with an extremely wet blanket\naround his tiny frame.
我敢肯定他那时一定已经被冻僵了，而我们都穿着厚大衣 I'm sure he must have been frozen.\nWe were in thick overcoats.
当地报纸称赞甘地是关爱穷人的好榜样 The local paper praised Gandhi's\ncelebrated sympathy for the poor.
当他看到有如此众多的 Surely his heart would soften
失业纺织工人的时候，他的心当然会变软 at the sight of so many hundreds\nof unemployed weavers.
在兰开夏郡这个宁静而质朴的地方 The peace and simplicity\nof the place,
空气中似乎弥漫着一种气氛，大家都期待能彼此消除 the Lancashire air, it was hoped\nwould sooth what it called,
所谓的“深刻的意见分歧” "deep differences of opinion."
甘地在1931年9月26日抵达达尔文市 Gandhi arrived in Darwen\non September 26th, 1931.
人们对此感到奇怪，后来又欢迎他 Crowds turned out to wonder at\nand to welcome him.
对于那些亲眼目睹的人而言，这是一个极为重要的时刻 For those with eyes to see, this was\na hugely significant moment.
这一刻，让人兴奋的超凡魅力 The charisma, the excitement
不属于帝国的捍卫者 belonged not to a defender\nof Empire,
而属于一个潜在的帝国拆台者 but to a would-be dismantler of it.
我很感谢 能有这样一个机会被这些 I'm thankful that I've got\nthis opportunity of being
快乐的孩子所围绕、能看到贫困家庭的现状 surrounded by these happy children\nand seeing the homes of the poor.
纺织厂的工人们带着孩子一起来看这位非凡的访客 Mill workers took their children\nto see this remarkable visitor.
他们中的一些人仍然记得当年的情景 Some of them still remember it.
你好，你一定是露丝，我杰里米 Hello. You must be Ruth. I'm Jeremy.\nHello. How do you do?
-我能进去吗？ -当然 -谢谢 -Can I come in?\n-Certainly. -Thank you.
当你那天要出发去看甘地的时候 What did your mother tell you, er,\nyou were going to do
你母亲是怎么和你说的？ when you set off that day\nto go and see Gandhi?
嗯，她只是说“我们要去见一个从印度来的重要人物 Well, she just said, "We're going to\nsee a very important man from India
他会使我们的棉布贸易状况 and he's going to make things\nbetter, we think,
有所改善” with the cotton trade."
我对“他”所说的一点也不懂（此处应为“她”） Which I didn't understand\nwhat he was talking about,
是她所说的 what she was talking about,
因为那时候我只有7岁 because I was only seven\nat the time, you know. Mm.
我记得所有人都围在我站的地方 And I remember all the people\naround where I stood, you know,
这个小个子男人走过来 and, erm, this little man came on
我就看着我母亲，然后说 and I looked at my mother\nand I said,
“哪一个是甘地，妈妈？” "Which is Gandhi, mother?"
她说“就是那个人，在那里” She said, "It's that man, there,"
然后我说道“但是他，不是一个重要人物” and I said, "But he's,\nhe's not an important man".
我说“他是个可怜的小个子男人，他都没衣服穿” I said, "He's a poor little man.\nHe has no clothes on".
他在两腿之间挂着一种白色的布，是吧？ He had sort of a white type cloth\nbetween his legs, hadn't he?
是的，就象一块大尿布 Yes, it was like a big nappy.
-是的，哦，实话实说！ -他把那个东西绕在脖子上 Yes, to be honest, yes!\nHe had this thing round his neck.
而且还裹在身上，象那样 And it was hugged around him.\nLike that.
-他脚上什么都没穿，只有一双凉鞋. -是的 And he had nothing on his feet,\nonly a pair of sandals. Yes.
我吓坏了，我说： And I was horrified because, I said,
-“他没有穿鞋子，妈妈！” 你知道吗？ -我知道 "He's no shoes on, mother!"\nYou know? Yes.
我那时候真的好失望 I was really disappointed.
但他显然有惊人的魅力，以至于你们两人现在还能 But he obviously had amazing\ncharisma that you two
如此生动地描述他 remember him so vividly.
-我们一直都记得 -哦，是的，没错 -It's still with us.\n-Oh, yes. Yes. Yeah. Yes, it is.
-事情已经过去80年了？ -是的，80年了 -80 years after the event?\n-Yes. 80 years!
甘地从印度来专程造访，并不是来取消他的抵制的 Gandhi had not come all the way\nfrom India to call off his boycott.
他有一个更大的视野 - He had a far bigger vision.
使英国工人 To make the workers of Britain
同情印度人民的困境 sympathetic to the plight\nof the Indian people
同情印度的独立事业 and to the cause\nof Indian independence.
对甘地而言，该指责的不是他的抵制行为 For Gandhi, it wasn't his boycott\nthat was to blame,
而是帝国体系本身 but the system of Empire itself.
工人们一直希望甘地看到他们的困境时 The workers had been hoping that\nwhen Gandhi saw their plight,
他会取消抵制 he'd call off the boycott.
甘地听到了这些话，但是他没有让步，当有人说 Well, Gandhi listened but he didn't\nbudge and when someone said,
“我们这已经有300万人事业了”，他只是回应道 "But we have three million\nunemployed", he just replied,
“我们有3亿人失业” "I have 300 million".
抵制和其他类似的行为，有助于激励这3亿中的 The boycott, and others like it,\nhelped inspire many of those
众多人去反抗英国的统治 300 million to protest\nagainst British rule.
他们谋求并最终在1947年获得独立 They would demand and eventually\nget independence in 1947.
在静悄悄的午夜，当世界还在沉睡中 At the stroke of the midnight hour,\nwhen the world sleeps,
印度却将觉醒，为了生命和自由而觉醒 India will awake to life and freedom!
自这一历史性的时刻起，半个多世纪过去了 Well over half a century has passed\nsince that historic moment.
英国仍然沉浸在过去的那个帝国旧梦中 Britain has still not escaped\nits imperial past
而印度在很多方面也同样没有摆脱帝国的阴影 and neither in many ways has India.
我正在等一群人 I'm waiting to meet\na group of people
他们把自己生命中的许多时光都用于 who devote much of their lives
迷恋帝国奇特的遗迹之一 to celebrating one of Empire's\nmore curious remnants.
皇家埃菲尔德摩托车 The Royal Enfield motorcycle.
这种经典的摩托车自第二次世界大战前 These classic bikes have been\nclose to Indian hearts
就已经在印度广为人知了 since before the Second World War.
它们曾经由伍斯特郡生产制造 Once they were made\nin Worcestershire,
但是在帝国精疲力竭的时候，生产停止了 but production stopped around the\ntime the Empire ran out of steam.
从那时起，印度就开始自己制造这种摩托车 By then, Indians were building them\nfor themselves.
你也很无聊，是吧？ You're bored too, aren't you?
皇家埃菲尔德摩托车 The Royal Enfield motorcycle
就象彩绘卡车和四处徘徊的牛一样，已经成为了 has become as much a feature\nof Indian roads
印度道路的特色 as painted trucks\nand wandering cows.
谢谢你们的到来 Thank you for coming.
这头牛也一样欢迎你们的到来 The cow would like to thank you,\ntoo.
-这里谁是头？ -我 -你是头？ -Em, now who's the chief here? -Me.\n-You're the chief?
-你是阿米特，是吗？ -是的 -太好了 -You're Amit, are you? -Yeah.\n-Excellent. Good.
我想问一下，你们的俱乐部是什么俱乐部？他们是... I want to ask you about what is\nit, your club is, they're the...
-皇家骑士俱乐 -皇家骑士俱乐部，嗨，我是杰里米 -Royal Riders Club.\n-The Royal Riders Club, and hi, I'm Jeremy.
你好，阿米特，你们俱乐部有多少会员？ Hi, hello. Amit.\nAnd how many members have you got?
-70人 -70个？ -70 members.\n-70?
-这里有一半的成员吗？ -是的，一半成员都在这里 -What have you got, half of them here?\n-Yeah. Half of them are here.
-你只骑皇家埃菲尔德摩托车吗？ -是的，只骑这种 -And what is it that you only ride Royal Enfields?\n-Yeah, only.
这里面有多少辆是子弹型？都是子弹型，是吗？ How many of these are Bullets?\nThey're all Bullets, are they?
-是的，全是子弹型 -那个广告语真不错，是吗？ -Yes. They're all Bullets.\n-That was the great slogan, wasn't it?
是的，“型如步枪，飞如子弹” Yeah. "Built like a rifle.\nGoes like a bullet." Yeah.
为什么你会喜欢皇家埃菲尔德摩托车 And why do you like, er,\nwhy do you like the Royal Enfield?
-因为它是给男人造的车 -给男人造的车？有阳刚之气 -It's for the man.\n-It's for the man? It's a masculine thing.
-一种阳刚之气的摩托车？ -是的，很明显是的 -A masculine bike?\n-Yes, obviously.
你不让女孩子骑这车吗？ Don't you let girls ride it?
我只让她们坐后座 On the back seat!
-只让她们坐后座，我明白了 -这是自由的象征 -Only on the back seat. I see.\n-This is the symbol of freedom.
-自由的象征？ -自由的象征 -Symbol of freedom?\n-Symbol of freedom.
当我们一骑上摩托车，我们就感觉到了自由 When we ride this bike,\nwe feel that we are free.
-你说这是一个自由的象征 -是的 -You say it's a symbol of freedom.\n-Yes.
但它不是一个大英帝国的象征？ But isn't it a symbol\nof the British Empire, too?
不是，因为我们采用了体制中最好的部分，而不是最糟的 No, because we take the best part of\nthe regime and not the worst part.
这就是为何我们说它是自由的象征 That is why we say this is\nthe symbol of freedom.
我们已经采用了最好的部分，现在，我们自由了 We have taken the best part\nand thereafter now we are free.
你的脑袋也蛮大的 Good. You've got a big head, too.
我已经感觉到有阳刚之气了 I feel more virile already.
这个优秀的老式机器 This great, old fashioned machine,
是英国发明的，现在却由印度制造 invented in Britain\nand now made in India,
它似乎总结了两国命运的变化 seems to sum up the changing\nfortunes of the two countries.
两国之间那漫长而纠结的联姻，以及他们的悲欢离合 Their long, troubled marriage\nand their divorce.
下一集，帝国做过什么有益的事情吗？ Next time, did Empire do any good?
有些人相信帝国给世界带来了光明 Some believe they were bringing\nlight into the world.
其他人只是认为他们有统治权 Others simply that they had\na right to rule it.
帝国的远见对现代世界而言到底是有益的还是有害的？ Did the visionaries of Empire\nhelp or harm the modern world?
To order a free\nOpen University poster,
exploring the legacy\nof Britain's Empire,
go to bbc.co.uk/empire
or call 0845 366 8021.