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what you're about to see is real real

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kids doing real things just thought you

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should know my name is Hiram granny and

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I was there for the whole thing so

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here's a question what does it take to

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get people to change and I'm not talking

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about their socks and underwear but

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change behavior especially when it's

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hard for example every year close to a

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hundred thousand people die from

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hospital-acquired infections that means

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people got sick at the hospital and it

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turns out one of the main culprits is

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hand hygiene that means just getting

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people to wash their hands could save

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lives

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so my crack research team decided to

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conduct an experiment to see if we could

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change something as difficult as

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hand-washing habits only with the

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toughest subjects of all kids so here's

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what we did we took eighty munchkins and

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put them into groups first we gave them

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a challenging puzzle to put together you

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know kind of like the projects you

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adults are always busy with then we gave

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the kids a tempting distraction Oh

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cupcakes for you right here they're

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vicious over here

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once I see that you guys have put the

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whole puzzle together correctly I'll

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raise my flag just like this and then

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I'll blow my whistle okay and when I do

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that you guys can all go and get your

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cupcake so what would it take to get

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these kids to wash their hands how about

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a good reason so one thing you guys

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should know there was a sick kid in here

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playing with the puzzle pieces

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he had a runny nose and coughed a lot so

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there's probably a lot of germs on

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everything but there's hand sanitizer

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over there on the table that you can use

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to wash up okay which will win out

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delicious frosted cupcakes or the fear

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of the typhoid Todd

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let's watch they finish their task and

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look if the threat of one sick kid

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wasn't enough just look at all the new

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germs popping up so with all those good

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reasons to wash what do you think

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they'll do okay so that was a colossal

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failure now what well at this point most

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adults would quit that's why you just

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keep changing the year on those New

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Year's resolutions with the next group

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of kids I change the environment by

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moving the hand sanitizer closer and

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then put up a visual cue this ought to

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make hand-washing easier and more

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obvious right and in the end the

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motivation to not get sick plus changing

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the environment didn't influence a

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single kid yikes

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next I increase their ability which is

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another source of influence I have them

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all complete what is known as deliberate

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practice or training to increase their

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familiarity with good hand hygiene well

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adding another source of influence get

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these hand-washing offenders to wash up

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done and

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well now we're seeing some bad results

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we're combining three different sources

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of influence and some of the kids are

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actually washing their hands it looks

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like we're on the right track so next I

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added another source of influence social

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influence

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what if somebody spoke up and said

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something what would happen if their

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bosses were in the room with them

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here come the cupcakes and there goes

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the flag will they wash oh look at them

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pouncing on those cupcakes like a pack

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of ravenous hyenas but it's not too late

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because something important happens at

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just a critical moment appear not even

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one of the bosses speaks up wash your

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hands

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watch the effect

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success at last

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so social motivation obviously made a

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difference but was it the only thing

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that mattered what about our other

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sources of influence here's what my kids

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had to say the sign I was walking over

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to get my cupcake but then someone says

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wash my your hands because this boy had

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the sniffles in here so what's the point

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we often underwhelm overwhelming

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problems we try a couple of things and

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when they don't work we give up but my

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dad and his colleagues discovered the

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secret to overcoming tough problems you

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need to combine at least four preferably

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more sources of influence and it doesn't

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matter if you try it with kids or

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hospitals at the office or even at home

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if you use four or more sources of

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influence your chances for success go up

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ten times ten times so there it is the

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key to changing almost anything is to

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marshal the power of at least four or

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more sources of influence but preferably

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all six and heaven knows we need it