佛罗伦萨影业公司
【hollyhoon原创翻译】 佛罗伦萨影业公司
【hollyhoon原创翻译】
这是我非常喜欢的一张照片。 There's a photograph I'm very fond of.
照片里是3个在葛底斯堡被俘的南军士兵， It shows three Confederate soldiers who were captured at Gettysburg,
他们在蛇形防御围栏前或旁边摆好姿势， and they have posed in front of or alongside a snake-rail fence.
你清楚的看到南军士兵如何穿着。 And you see exactly how the Confederate soldier was dressed.
你从他面对照相机的态度，看到某些天性的流露， You see something in his attitude toward the camera that's revealing of his nature,
其中一个人的胳膊是这样的， and one of them has his arms like this,
谢尔比.富特 作家 其中一个人的胳膊是这样的， and one of them has his arms like this,
谢尔比.富特 作家
似乎他正在配合拍摄自己的照片， as if he's having his picture made, 谢尔比.富特 作家
似乎他正在配合拍摄自己的照片， as if he's having his picture made,
而他想成为特别的那一个。 but he's determined to be the individual he is.
这张照片作为一幅战争影像， And there's something about the picture
有些东西强烈的吸引着我。 that draws me strongly as an image of the war.
[隆隆声] [rumbling]
内战期间，报纸不止一次报道过一个奇怪现象。 More than once during The Civil War, newspapers reported a strange phenomenon.
有时一场战役仅在几英里之外，却悄无声息， From only a few miles away, a battle sometimes made no sound,
尽管能看到加农炮的闪光和烟雾， despite the flash and smoke of cannon
更远处的旁观者也能清晰的听到声音。 and the fact that more-distant observers could hear it clearly.
这种离奇的无声状态，叫作声影。 These eerie silences were called acoustic shadows.
《美国内战》
第5集 《美国内战》
第5集
1863年夏天， In the summer of 1863,
因海外殖民地屡受骚扰，一艘联邦战舰在横滨港外追捕 A Union warship hunting a Confederate commerce raider off Yokohama,
一艘南方邦联的武装海盗船时，攻击了一支日本舰队。 attacked a Japanese fleet for harassing the colony of westerners there.
美国赢得了对日本帝国的第一次海战， The United States won its first naval battle against the empire of Japan,
但邦联的船逃脱了。 but the Confederates got away.
那一年的巴黎，塞尚、惠斯勒和马奈的新作， In Paris that year, new paintings by Cezanne, Whistler, and Manet
在一个为无家可归者举办的特殊展览上亮相。 were shown at a special exhibit for outcasts.
在俄国，陀思妥耶夫斯基完成了《地下室手记》， In Russia, Dostoyevsky finished notes from the underground,
而在伦敦，卡尔.马克思努力完成他的巨著， And in London, Karl Marx labored to complete his masterpiece,
《资本论》。 Das Kapital.
1863年的头6个月， For the first 6 months of 1863,
罗伯特.李和石墙杰克逊发动了 Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson had carried out
史上最不同凡响的军事战役之一， one of the most extraordinary military campaigns in history,
在弗雷德里克斯堡和钱瑟勒斯维尔击溃了联邦大军， smashing huge Federal armies at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville
赢得了南方人民至死不渝的爱。 and winning the undying love of the South.
但到了5月下旬，南军的运气发生了转变。 But by late May, Confederate luck had changed.
杰克逊死了。 Jackson was dead.
西边1千英里之外， A thousand miles to the west,
尤利西斯.格兰特对叛军要塞维克斯堡的围困 Ulysses S. Grant's siege of the rebel stronghold at Vicksburg
已经持续太久，以至格兰特本人 had gone on so long that Grant himself
已经烦躁透顶，开始酗酒。 had taken to the bottle out of boredom.
6月来临，城里的南军总算挺到了这个时候。 As June began, the Confederates inside the town somehow managed to hold on.
现在，为了赶走维克斯堡的北军， Now, to draw Federal troops away from Vicksburg,
李率军再次踏上北方的土地， Lee led his army onto northern soil again,
寻找合适的进攻时机。 looking for the right moment to attack.
1863年7月1日，清晨来临时， When it came, on the morning of July 1, 1863,
看起来到处都再平常不过了。 It would be in the most ordinary of places.
3天时间里， For three days,
15万人将在南宾夕法尼亚 150,000 men would make war on each other
恬静的田野里互相厮杀。 in the gentle farmland of south Pennsylvania.
3天之后， When the third day was over,
将会证明这是整个战役中至关重要的一天。 it would prove to have been the most crucial day of the entire war.
在南方，战争已经摧毁了经济， In the South, the war had ruined the economy,
然而南方人却比以往更具战斗精神。 and yet the Southern fighting spirit was stronger than ever before.
在工业繁荣的北方， In the North, where industry was booming,
愤怒的产业工人很快会走上街头， angry working men would soon take to the streets in protest
抗议解放奴隶和发动战争。 against emancipation and the war.
这年年底，亚伯拉罕.林肯将去往 At the end of the year, Abraham Lincoln would travel
葛底斯堡归于沉寂的战场， to the now-quiet fields at Gettysburg
尽力向他的人民讲述到底发生了什么。 and struggle to put into words what was happening to his people.
当一个黑人士兵在新奥尔良说， When a black soldier in New Orleans said,
“自由至少要有一天时间，不能再短了，” "Liberty must take the day, nothing shorter,"
芭芭拉.菲尔茨 历史学家 “自由至少要有一天时间，不能再短了，” "Liberty must take the day, nothing shorter,"
芭芭拉.菲尔茨 历史学家
他实际上是说， He said, in effect, 芭芭拉.菲尔茨 历史学家
我们统计那些死亡人数、调查战场上的杀戮的时候， that when we count up those who have died, when we survey the carnage, 芭芭拉.菲尔茨 历史学家
我们统计那些死亡人数、调查战场上的杀戮的时候， that when we count up those who have died, when we survey the carnage,
必定是为了某些 it must be for something higher
比联邦统一和密西西比河的自由通航更高尚的东西。 than Union and free navigation of the Mississippi river.
在1863年夏天， During the Summer of 1863,
黑人自由民召开一个集会，要求赋予 a convention of free black people demanded the right
黑人作为士兵参加战争的权利， for black men to take part in the struggle as soldiers,
他们的重要决议说， and their key resolution said,
“现在是时候全面尝试更有效的治疗方法了， "It is time now for more effective remedies to be thoroughly tried
“以火热的铅弹和冰冷的钢枪的形式， "in the shape of warm lead and cold steel
由10万名黑人医生及时的来接手。” duly administered by 100,000 black doctors."
[枪声] [gunfire]
战争初期，一位名叫亚历克斯.特纳的逃奴， Early in the war, a fugitive slave named Alex Turner
北上加入了新泽西第1骑兵团。 had made his way north and joined the 1st New Jersey cavalry.
1863年春天， In the spring of 1863,
他领着他的团，回到位于弗吉尼亚州皇家港原先的庄园， he guided his regiment back to his old plantation at Port Royal, Virginia,
杀死了他从前的监工。 and killed his former overseer.
战争结束时，他去了新英格兰，找了份伐木工的活。 When the war was over, he went to New England and found work as a logger.
1883年，他女儿出世了。 In 1883, his daughter Daisy was born.
“亲爱的夫人， "Dear Madam,
“我是一个战士， "I am a soldier,
黛西.特纳 104岁 “我是一个战士， "I am a soldier,
黛西.特纳 104岁
“我说的都是大俗话， "and my speech is rough and plain, 黛西.特纳 104岁
“我不太习惯写东西， "I'm not much used to writing, 黛西.特纳 104岁
“我不太习惯写东西， "I'm not much used to writing,
“我不愿给你带来痛苦， "and I hate to give you pain,
“但我答应过要这么做， "but I promised I would do it,
“他认为也许应该这样， "and he thought it might be so,
“如果这痛苦来自一个爱他的人，也许会好受些。 "if it came from one that loved him perhaps it would ease the blow.
“此刻，你一定猜到了我想要藏起来的真相， "By this time, you must surely guess the truth I feign would hide,
“当我告诉你他是怎么死的时候， "and you pardon me for rough soldier words,
请原谅我这个大老粗战士没文化。” while I tell you how he died."
1863年 《全面开战》
“这支军队从未象现在这样打过仗。 "This army has never done such fighting as it will do now.
“我们必须获得一份安宁。 "We must conquer a peace.
这一次要让北方佬尝尝我们的厉害。” We will show the Yankees this time how we can fight."
列兵威廉.克里斯蒂安 Private William Christian.
5月下旬，李将军的部队向宾夕法尼亚进发。 Late in May, Lee's army marched toward Pennsylvania.
被派去探查敌情的北军， Union troops sent to see what they were up to
在弗吉尼亚州白兰地车站，让杰布.斯图尔特 completely surprised Jeb Stuart and his Confederate cavalry
和他的南军骑兵大吃一惊。 at Brandy Station, Virginia.
2万1千名骑兵沿拉帕汉诺克河冲突了12小时。 21,000 mounted men clashed along the Rappahannock for 12 hours.
这是美国历史上最大规模的骑兵作战， It was the biggest cavalry engagement in American history,
双方点到为止， and it was a stand-off,
但北军知道了南军正在行动。 but the North had learned the Confederates were on the move.
好大喜功的斯图尔特，对突然遇袭感到难堪， The flamboyant Stuart, embarrassed at having been caught off guard
决心找回自己的面子， and determined to redeem himself,
于是他的骑兵围着北军又一次展开大胆的行动， now took off on another daring ride around the Union army
李将军命令他要保持密切联系。 with strict orders to stay in close touch with Lee.
李将军的7万人分为3个军团。 Lee's 70,000 men were divided into 3 corps.
第一军团由詹姆斯.朗斯特里特指挥， The first was commanded by James Longstreet,
他被李将军称作“老皮特”、“我的战马”。 "Old Pete," whom Lee called "my warhorse."
第二军团原为石墙杰克逊指挥， The second corps, Stonewall Jackson's old command,
现在归“秃子”理查德.尤尔， was under Richard "Baldy" Ewell,
他在第二次马纳萨斯战役中失去了一条腿。 who had lost a leg at second Manassas.
第三军团由A.P.希尔统领，他是位来自弗吉尼亚的新军长， The third was led by A.P. Hill, a new corps commander from Virginia
1862年曾在夏普斯堡帮助南军逃过一劫。 who had helped stave off disaster at Sharpsburg in 1862.
6月16日，李将军的先遣部队越过波托马克河进入马里兰州。 On June 16th, Lee's advance column crossed the Potomac into Maryland.
一支规模更大的北军跟随其后， An even larger Union army followed,
小心翼翼的保持在南军和华盛顿之间。 careful to keep between the Confederates and Washington.
新的北军指挥官是乔治.米德。 The new Union commander was George Meade.
他迟钝而又书呆子气，被下属称作 blunt and bookish, he was referred to by subordinates
“一只该死的金鱼眼老乌龟。” as "a damned, old, goggle-eyed snapping turtle."
如果说北军将领不确定李将军到底在哪， If the Union generals were not sure where Lee was going,
李将军更不知道北军在哪里。 Lee had no idea where the Union army even was.
杰布.斯图尔特的骑兵跑得离大部队太远，没法通知他。 Jeb Stuart's cavalry had ridden too far from the advancing army to keep him informed.
南军穿过马里兰州进入宾夕法尼亚。 The Confederates marched through Maryland on into Pennsylvania.
那里是非常漂亮的乡村。 It's very handsome country there.
高大的谷仓，碧绿的田野，美不胜收， The barns are magnificent and the green fields and everything,
人们注视着这些南军经过。 and the people watching these Confederates go by.
他们停下来稍事休息， And there was a black body servant in the column,
队伍里有个黑人奴仆，农舍里的人就问他， and they stopped, just a halt, and the people in the house asked him
觉得这里的乡村怎么样。 what he thought of this country around here.
他说，“这是个美丽的乡村， and he said, "This is a beautiful country,
但在我眼中并不适合住家。” but it doesn't come up to home in my eyes."
恐慌在乡野间蔓延。 Panic spread throughout the countryside.
李将军的部下从平民那里强取牲畜、食物、马车和衣服， Lee's men seized livestock, food, wagons, and clothing from civilians,
用不值钱的邦联币和他们交换。 giving them worthless Confederate scrip in exchange.
他们也抓走黑人自由民，送去南方做奴隶。 They also seized free blacks and sent them south into slavery.
“朋友们，”一位南军军官 "My friends," a southern officer asked
问一个宾夕法尼亚小镇上吓坏了的居民， the frightened inhabitants of one Pennsylvania town,
“你们喜欢我们以这样的方式回到联邦吗？” "How do you like this way of our coming back into the Union?"
“第二天的战斗中，枪炮雨点般落下， "It was in the morrow's battle fast rained the shot and shell,
“我站在他身边很近的地方，看到他倒下。 "I was standing close beside him, and I saw him when he fell.
“于是我把他抱起来，放在草地上。 "So I took him in my arms, and laid him on the grass.
“这是违反军令的，但我认为他们不会管。 "It was going against orders, but I think they let it pass.
“是一颗米尼弹击中他，射进他身体侧面。 "It was a minie ball that struck him, it entered at his side,
但直到今早他死时，我们都不认为这是致命的。” but we didn't think it fatal, till this morning, when he died."
《葛底斯堡：第1天》
西半球史上最伟大的战役，始于一场关于鞋子的冲突。 The greatest battle ever fought in the western hemisphere began as a clash over shoes.
7月1日拂晓，一位南军步兵团军官率部前往 At dawn on July 1st, a Confederate infantry officer
宾夕法尼亚一个位于交叉路口的小镇，葛底斯堡。 led his men toward the little crossroads town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
从一个路德教神学院高高的圆顶上远望， Within view of a Lutheran seminary, whose high cupola
周围的农场和起伏的山丘尽收眼底。 offered a fine prospect of the surrounding farms and rolling hills.
有传言说葛底斯堡有鞋子供应， There was rumored to be a supply of shoes at Gettysburg,
腿脚酸痛的叛军在那里征用鞋子。 and the footsore rebels were there to commandeer them.
那天，南军从北方赶来，北军从南方赶来。 The South came in from the North that day, and the North came in from the South.
在小镇外围， On the outskirts of town,
南军迎头撞上约翰.布福德将军的北军骑兵。 the Confederates ran headlong into General John Buford's Union cavalry.
尽管双方都急忙派出信使请求增援， While both sides sent couriers pounding off for reinforcements,
布福德还是拼命想守住他的阵地， Buford tried desperately to hold his ground,
但南军最终把他击溃， but the Confederates finally overwhelmed him
将北军赶向小镇里。 and pushed the Union forces back toward town.
“人们四处奔逃，尖叫着小镇要被炮击了。 "People were running here and there, screaming that the town would be shelled.
“没人知道该逃到哪里，该做些什么。 "No one knew where to go or what to do.
“我丈夫去花园摘了一大把豆子， "My husband went to the garden and picked a mess of beans,
因为他说叛军应该没有这个。” for he declared the rebels should not have one."
萨莉.布罗德海德 Sallie Broadhead.
[叫喊声] [shouting]
那个地区南军和北军所有的师 Every Confederate and Union division in the area
现在都向宾夕法尼亚州的葛底斯堡聚集。 now converged on Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
[炮声] [cannon fire]
下午3时左右，南军占领了葛底斯堡， By midafternoon, Confederate troops occupied Gettysburg,
北军被赶回镇子的南边。 and Union forces had been driven back south of the town.
在那里，温菲尔德.斯科特.汉考克少将 There, major general Winfield Scott Hancock
设法把溃逃的部队集结到 managed to rally the fleeing troops into defensive positions
寇普山和墓园山脊的防御阵地。 on Culp's hill and cemetery ridge.
墓园门口有块牌子写着， A sign near the cemetery's gateway read,
“凡有在此地使用火器者， "All persons found using firearms in these grounds
将受到最严厉的法律制裁。” will be prosecuted with the utmost rigor of the law."
战斗期间，艺术家阿尔弗雷德.华德画下场景速写， During the battle, the artist Alfred Waud sketched the action,
把他的画寄回纽约制版。 sending his drawings back to New York for engraving.
与此同时，《纽约时报》的快件收发员 Meanwhile, Sam Wilkeson of the New York Times
山姆.威克逊，正坐在他儿子的新坟旁。 filed dispatches, sitting next to the fresh grave of his son.
李将军于下午3时左右到达， Lee arrived in the middle of the afternoon,
设下了司令部，并催促尤尔在天黑前重新发动进攻。 set up headquarters, and urged Ewell to renew the attack before nightfall.
尤尔没那么做。他的人需要休息。 Ewell chose not to. His men needed rest.
那天结束时，北军守住了高地。 By the end of the day, the Union army held the high ground.
与正面进攻相比， Rather than attack it headlong,
南军的朗斯特里特将军更想在北军阵地四周打转， Confederate General Longstreet wanted to swing around the Union position
在米德的部队和华盛顿之间站稳脚跟， and take a stand between Meade's army and Washington,
然后让北军进攻。 then let the Union attack.
由于不清楚敌方兵力，李将军否决了朗斯特里特。 Without knowing the enemy's strength, Lee overruled Longstreet.
李说，“不，我要在这里打他们，否则他们就要打我了。” "no," said Lee, "I'm going to whip them here,or they are going to whip me."
他一直指望着斯图尔特 He had always counted on Stuart
和他的骑兵来获得关于敌军阵地和行动的情报， and his cavalry for intelligence as to enemy positions and movements,
他太缺乏情报了。他是在山水之间瞎着眼睛摸索。 and he was lacking that. He was groping around the landscape blind.
那几天在战场上，只要有人去他那里，他就会问， and people would come up to him in the field all through those days,
“你能告诉我斯图尔特在哪吗？你见过我们的骑兵吗？” He said "Can you tell me where Stuart is? Have you seen my cavalry?"
一个指挥官不得不问这样的问题，真是太奇怪了。 very strange thing for a commander to have to ask.
因此当斯图尔特回来时， So when Stuart arrived,
他能向大家展示的东西，不过是 200辆马车、一些骡子和杂七杂八的东西。 all he had to show for all this was a couple of hundred wagons and mules and everything else.
他看见李将军站在那里，严肃注视着姗姗来迟的他， And he saw Lee standing there, sternly looking at him arriving late,
他把在出发前就大唱高调的事搞砸了。 and he blew the thing by making his announcement at the start.
他说，“将军，我给您带来200辆簇新的马车。” He said, "General, I brought you 200 brand-new wagons."
李说，“将军，它们现在对我来说是累赘了。 and Lee said, "General, they're an impediment to me now.
我请你帮我痛击那些敌人。” I asked you to help me whip these people."
那是李将军发出的严厉警告。 And it was a severe admonishment from Lee,
李看到他内心有点受伤， And Lee saw he'd hurt his feelings,
于是说，“来吧，会没事的。” so he said, "Come. It'll be all right."
“我无法入睡。 "I cannot sleep.
“我们不知道明天会发生什么， "We know not the morrow will bring for
“因为我认为迄今为止没什么进展。 "I think little has been gained so far.
我们的军队得到了足够的增援吗？” Has our army been sufficiently reinforced?"
萨利.布罗德海德 Sallie Broadhead.
与即将到来的血战相比，这一天只是场小规模战斗。 Compared to what was coming, the day had been a skirmish.
“我的爱子阿尔伯特， "My dear son Albert,
“昨天我收到了你深情的来信。请相信， "I received your affectionate letter yesterday. and I assure you, my dear son,
“听到你和你亲爱的兄弟们还活在世上， "It gives me great relief of mind to hear that you
“这给了我莫大的安慰。 "and your dear brothers were still in the land of the living.
“自从巴罗.罗杰斯那次回家后，我就没有你的任何消息。 "I had not heard one word from you since Barlow Rodgers returned home.
“上帝会保佑你，我亲爱的阿尔伯特。 "May God bless you, my dear Albert.
挚爱你的父亲，托马斯.巴彻勒。” Your devoted father, Thomas Batchelor."
《葛底斯堡：第2天》
整个夜晚，两方大军还在不断集结。 Through the night, the two armies continued to gather.
经过35英里的整夜行军， After a 35-mile, all-night march,
北军约翰.塞奇威克将军和他的第6军到了。 Union General John Sedgwick arrived with his 6th corps.
到了早上， By morning,
6万5千南军面对着8万5千由乔治.米德将军指挥的北军。 65,000 Confederates faced 85,000 Federal troops commanded by general George Meade.
群山俯瞰着两端的北军阵地—— Hills overlooked the Federal positions at either end--
在北面，北军的右边，是寇普山和墓园岭， to the North, on the Union right, Culp's hill and Cemetery hill,
在南面，是大圆顶和小圆顶。 To the South, the big and little Round Tops.
李将军想拿下它们。 Lee wanted them taken.
米德守住己方阵地的决心也不相上下。 Meade was no less determined to hold his ground.
“此刻，所有指挥官都有权下令 "All commanders are authorized to order the instant death
立即处死任何不履行职责的士兵。” of any soldier who fails in his duty at this hour."
朗斯特里特花了整个白天的时间， It took Longstreet all morning and afternoon
才把2个师转移到阵地上，对大小圆顶发起突击。 to shift two divisions into position for the assault on the round tops.
受命保卫北军阵地的是丹.西格尔斯将军， Assigned to hold the Union position was General Dan Sickles,
一位狂暴的前坦慕尼协会政客， a turbulent, ex-Tammany Hall politician
战前广为人知的是他射杀了妻子的情人。 best known before the war for having shot and killed his wife's lover.
现在西格尔斯违抗命令，领着他的人马远离小圆顶， Now Sickles disobeyed orders and marched his men further out from Little Round Top
去了魔鬼洞、麦田直到桃园。 to the Devil's Den, the wheat field, and into the peach orchard beyond.
他在北军战线前方1/2英里处一个平坦、暴露的位置上， He was 1/2 mile in front of the Union line on a flat, exposed position
留下大小圆顶完全不设防。 that left the round tops completely undefended.
北军其他部队都惊呆了。 The rest of the army was amazed.
有人说他突出在那里，就像受伤的拇指。 Someone said he stuck out like a sore thumb.
我想是汉考克看到他出动，就说， I think it was Hancock who saw him go out, and he said,
“等一会。你们会看到他连滚带爬的回来。” "Wait a while. You'll see him tumbling back."
果然如此。 and, of course, he did.
[炮声] [cannon fire]
南军最终在下午4点开始进攻。 The Confederates finally attacked at 4:00 in the afternoon.
当他们向前推进时，亚拉巴马第15步兵团爬上了大圆顶。 As they swept forward, the 15th Alabama regiment scrambled up big round top.
从那里综观战局，威廉.C.奥茨上校觅得良机。 From there, well above the fighting, colonel William C. Oates saw his chance.
小圆顶完全无人防守。 Little Round Top was completely undefended.
奥茨说，从那个位置，他可以把整个北军炸个稀巴烂。 From that position, Oates said, he could blow the whole Union army apart.
“半小时内，我就能把小圆顶变成直布罗陀海峡， "Within 1/2 hour, I could convert Little Round Top into a Gibraltar
可以拒守10倍于我的敌军。” that I could hold against 10 times the number of men that I had."
与此同时，米德让G.K.沃伦将军去山顶查看。 Meanwhile, Meade dispatched General G.K. Warren to the summit.
他迅速看到了危险。 He immediately saw the danger.
只有少数信号兵守在山上。 Only a handful of signal men held the hill.
奥茨的南军正在向下移动，绕到北军左侧。 Oates' Confederates were moving down and around the Union left.
沃伦立刻派人请求增援。 Warren sent at once for reinforcements.
北军4个团向小圆顶的山顶上奔去。 Four Union regiments raced up Little Round Top.
“一瞬间，大家都很激动。 "In a moment, all was excitement.
“每个士兵似乎都明白形势，又被严峻的情况所激发。 "Every soldier seemed to understand the situation and to be inspired by its danger.
“我们冒着猛烈的炮火前进。 "Away we went, under the terrible artillery fire.
“炮弹在四面八方爆炸。 "Shells were exploding on every side.
但我们的人在行动中表现得冷静从容， "But our men appeared to be as cool and deliberate in the movement,
“仿佛他们是在营地的阅兵场上列队向前。 "as if they had been forming a line upon the parade ground in camp.
“我们顺着陡峭的山坡向上跑，到达了山顶。” "Up the steep hillside we ran, and reached the crest."
在北军队伍最左边的是 At the extreme left of the Union line now
约书亚.劳伦斯.张伯伦的缅因州第20步兵团。 was Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain's 20th Maine.
奥茨的亚拉巴马兵正在两座山丘之间移动。 Oates' Alabamians were already moving between the two hills.
张伯伦的命令是“不惜一切代价守住阵地。” Chamberlain's orders were to "Hold that ground at all costs."
“想想看你有没有可能，用9个小型步兵连， "Imagine, if you can, nine small companies of infantry,
“大约300人， "numbering perhaps 300 men,
“以直角的方式被放在一支8万人大军的最侧翼， "in the form of a right angle, on the extreme flank of an army of 80,000 men,
“来防守整个阵地最关键的部位， "put there to hold the key of the entire position against
对抗至少10倍于他们人数的敌军。” a force at least 10 times their number."
“站稳了，缅因的小伙子们， "Stand firm, you boys from Maine,
“一个世纪以来还没有人承受过 "for not once in a century are men permitted to
“如你们现在面临的这么重大的责任， "bear such responsibilities for freedom and justice,
为了自由和正义，为了上帝和人类。” for god and humanity, as are now placed upon you."
360位缅因勇士现在隐蔽在大石头后面。 360 Maine men now took cover behind boulders.
他们只剩不到10分钟做准备。 They had less than 10 minutes to spare.
趁着最后的时间， At the last possible moment,
张伯伦派他的B连穿过山间谷地， Chamberlain sent his Company B across the hollow between the hills
去保护他的左翼。 to bolster his left flank.
没等他们就位，奥茨的南军就从山坡冲了上来。 Before they were in place, Oates' Confederates charged up the slope.
张伯伦心想B连已经被消灭了。 Chamberlain assumed company B had been wiped out.
他承受不起这个损失。 He could not afford the loss.
缅因人朝着冲锋的叛军开火。 The Maine men opened fire into the charging rebels.
奥茨的部队东倒西歪，但他们重新聚集，再次扑向他们。 Oates' men staggered but regrouped and came at them again.
“我们的队列被树林和北军伏兵的第一枪打乱了。 "The line had broken because of the timber and the first fire of the hidden Federals.
“我们一大串人败下阵来，其他三波人紧靠在一起。 "A long line of us went down, three others close together.
“下半边身体突然有一种尖锐的、电击般的疼痛， "There was a sharp, electric pain in the lower part of body,
“接着是一种坠向地面的感觉， "and then a sinking sensation to the earth,
“倒了下去，眼前一片漆黑。 "and, falling, all things growing dark.
“最后唯一闪过脑海的念头就是， "The one and last idea passing through the mind was,
这是世上最后一刻了。” This is the last of earth."
亚拉巴马第4步兵团列兵，W.C.沃德 Private W.C. Ward, 4th Alabama.
开火！ Fire!
“敌人向我们劈头盖脸的开火， "The enemy was pouring a terrible fire upon us,
“他们的精锐部队占尽优势。 "his superior forces giving him a great advantage.
“空气中仿佛充满了铅。 "The air seemed to be alive with lead.
“彼此的战线有时如此接近， "The lines at times were so near each other
几乎可以摸到敌人的枪管。” that the hostile gun barrels almost touched."
南军把缅因人从他们的阵地赶走了5次。 The Southerners drove the Maine men from their positions five times.
他们又5次夺了回来。 Five times they fought their way back again.
小树被子弹啄成两截。 Saplings were gnawed in two by bullets.
“有时，我看到我身边的敌人比自己人还多—— "At times, I saw around me more of the enemy than of my own men--
“打开缺口，吞进去，缺口再闭合—— "gaps opening, swallowing, closing again--
“一个又一个班的壮汉，从我们中间杀进来， "squads of stalwart men who had cut their way through us,
“如同升天一样消失不见。 "disappearing as if translated.
四面八方都是一种奇怪混杂的咆哮。” all around, a strange, mingled roar."
一个半小时里，张伯伦的人有1/3倒下了。 In an hour and a half, 1/3 of Chamberlain's men fell.
喊杀声在缅因第20步兵团的身后响起。 Sounds of battle now increased behind the 20th Maine.
张伯伦心想小圆顶被包围了。 Chamberlain assumed Little Round Top was being surrounded.
“我们的弹药几乎全打光了。 "Our ammunition is nearly all gone.
“我们就用受伤战友弹匣里的子弹。 "We are using the cartridges from the boxes of our wounded comrades.
“紧要关头到了，我们要坚持到底。 "Critical moment has arrive and we can remain as we are no longer.
“我们要么前进，要么后退。 "We must advance or retreat.
“肯定不会是后退， "It must not be the latter,
但怎样才能前进？” but how can it be the former?"
张伯伦的唯一选择是进攻， Chamberlain's only choice was to attack,
此刻，他凭空想出一个不太靠谱的用兵之计。 and now, he conjured up an unlikely textbook maneuver.
他的人几乎弹尽粮绝，他命令他们上刺刀。 With his men almost out of ammunition, he ordered them to fix bayonets.
然后，他让队形的右翼保持平直， Then, while the right of his line held straight,
让左翼冲下山坡，同时向右边回转—— he had his left plunge down the hillside all the while wheeling to the right--
“就象一扇大门被一根棒子顶着，”一位目击者说。 "like a great gate upon a post," an eyewitness said.
南军完全被吓懵了。 The Confederates were taken completely by surprise.
前排的士兵扔下他们的武器。 Those in the front ranks dropped their weapons.
后面的人转身就逃。 Those behind turned and ran.
“许多第一排的敌人扔下手里的武器投降。 "Many of the enemy's first line threw down their arms and surrendered.
“一个军官用一只手把佩剑交给我时， "An officer fired his pistol at my head with one hand
另一只手举枪朝我头部射击。” while he handed me his sword with the other."
南军刚跑出几步远， The Confederates had gone only a few paces
就在他们左边受到第二波惊吓。 when from their left came a second horrifying surprise.
张伯伦失踪的B连，原来隐蔽在一堵石墙后面， Chamberlain's missing Company B, which had found protection behind a stone wall,
现在起身开火。 now rose and fired.
“一个人被击中面门， "While one man was shot in the face,
“他右手边的兄弟的体侧或背部被击中。 "his right-hand comrade was shot in the side or back.
一些人同时被来自不同方向的2到3颗子弹击中。” Some were struck simultaneously from two or three balls from different directions."
威廉.C.奥茨上校 Colonel William C. Oates.
奥茨的部队动摇溃败，仓皇逃命。 Oates' men wavered, broke, and ran for their lives.
[《当约翰尼迈步回家时》音乐] [When Johnny Comes Marching Home plays slowly]
“我们的伤亡人员几乎和幸存人员一样多。 "My dead and wounded were then nearly as great in number as those still on duty.
“他们简直把地面铺满了。 "They literally covered the ground.
“一些地方的岩石上鲜血汇聚成小池， "The blood stood in puddles in some places on the rocks.
地面被血浆浸透。” The ground was soaked with blood."
约书亚.劳伦斯.张伯伦的小部队俘虏了400名南军。 Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain's scanty force captured 400 Confederates.
小圆顶保住了。 Little Round Top held.
“我们打完又抓俘虏的团是南军阿拉巴马第15步兵团。 "The regiment we fought and captured was the 15th Alabama.
“他们说他们从未遭受过这样的痛击， "They said they never were whipped before
并且再也不想遇到缅因第20步兵团。” and never wanted to meet the 20th of Maine again."
威廉.T.利弗莫尔下士 Corporal William T. Livermore
在小圆顶的山坡上，来自亚拉巴马州塔拉迪加的农夫， On the slopes of Little Round Top, farmers from Talladega, Alabama,
跟缅因州普雷斯克岛的渔夫打了仗。 had fought fishermen from Presque Isle, Maine.
那2个镇子和葛底斯堡分别相距650英里， The 2 towns were each 650 miles from Gettysburg,
葛底斯堡差不多正好在两者之间的一条直线上。 which lay almost exactly on a direct line between them.
一整天的战斗中，和李将军一同前来的 Throughout the day's fighting, Colonel A.S. Fremantle,
英国观察家A.S.费里曼特尔上校， a British observer traveling with Lee,
惊奇的听到一支南军乐队在炮弹的呼啸和爆炸声中 was surprised to hear the sound of a Confederate band playing Polkas and Waltzes
演奏着波尔卡和华尔兹。 amidst the hissing and bursting of the shells.
但在远离北军战线前沿的地方， But far out in front of the Union lines,
西格尔斯将军和他的部下陷入了绝望的困境。 General Sickles and his men were in desperate trouble.
叛军从三面合围。 The rebels were closing in from three sides.
南军的炮弹撕扯着桃树的枝条，在人群中跳跃。 Confederate shells tore branches from the peach trees and bounded among the men.
“指挥官嘶哑难辨的命令声， "The hoarse and indistinguishable orders of commanding officers,
“炮弹、霰弹和榴霰弹发出尖啸和爆裂声， "the screaming and bursting of shells, canister, and shrapnel
“撕开苦苦缠斗的密集人群， "as they tore through the struggling masses of humanity,
“受伤动物的死亡尖叫，还有它们人类同伴的呻吟， "the death screams of wounded animals, the groans of their human companions,
“人们受伤和垂死，被行进的重炮、 "wounded and dying and trampling underfoot by hurrying batteries,
“无主的战马和移动的战线践踏在脚下。 "riderless horses, and the moving lines of battle.
“一个活生生的人间地狱，也许永远无可比拟， "A perfect hell on earth, never perhaps to be equalled,
“无可超越，注定让人永生难忘。 "certainly not to be surpassed nor ever to be forgotten in a man's lifetime.
“它一直无法从我记忆中抹去，50年来，日日夜夜。” "It has never been effaced from my memory, day or night, for 50 years."
马萨诸塞第22步兵团列兵，罗伯特.H.卡特 Private Robert H. Carter, 22nd Massachusetts.
“子弹如此密集的嗖嗖飞过，”一个德克萨斯人回忆说， "The balls were whizzing so thick," a Texan remembered,
“似乎可以伸出帽子，接上满满一兜。 "that it looked like a man could hold out a hat and catch it full."
“西格尔斯将军受伤时我离他只有几英尺， "I was within a few feet of General Sickles when he received
“那伤让他丢了一条腿。 "the wound by which he lost his leg.
“一声可怕的爆炸似乎撼动了整个大地， "A terrific explosion seemed to shake the very earth,
“紧接着又是一下。 "instantly followed by another.
“我注意到他的裤子和衬裤在膝盖处 "I noticed that his pants and drawers at the knee
“完全被撕开，露出的腿松垮的垂下来。 "were torn clear off to the leg, which was swinging loose.
“他被人从战场上抬下来，还沉着的抽着雪茄。” "He was carried from the field, coolly smoking a cigar."
西格尔斯的部下还击、后退、坚守，把南军打退， Sickles' men counterattacked, fell back, held, pushed the Confederates back,
然后再次撤退，穿过那些 then retreated again through places still remembered
仍因血腥战斗而被人记得的地方——麦田， for the ferocity of the fighting that happened there--the wheat field.
屠宰场， The slaughter pen.
恶魔洞， Devil's den.
死亡谷。 The valley of death.
最后，战斗平息下来。 Finally, the fighting subsided.
明尼苏达一个团262人中，仅47人毫发无伤的幸存下来。 Of the 262 in one Minnesota regiment, only 47 survived unhurt.
82%的人在5分钟之内就倒下了。 82% had fallen in less than 5 minutes.
北军没有哪个团在战斗中遭受的伤亡比他们更大。 No Union regiment in the war suffered greater casualties.
北卡罗莱纳第6步兵团F连的伤亡达到100%。 Company F of the 6th North Carolina lost 100%.
“亲爱的爸爸， "Dear father,
“最后我来到躺在地上的阿尔伯特身边， "Finally I came to poor Albert lying on the ground,
“他左眼下方受伤。 "wounded under the left eye.
“他的左腿也被一颗子弹打穿了。 "He had also had a ball shot through his left leg.
“我找不到人把他抬离战场。 "I had no one to help me bear him from the field.
“后来我找到另外一个连的上尉帮我， "I then called a captain of another company to assist me,
“我们把阿尔伯特抬出600码远，穿过一片浓厚的沼泽， 我们都流着血并且疼痛难当， "and we bore Albert 600 yards through a dense swamp, all bleeding and sore with pain,
“直到我们能找到一支急救队把他送去医院。 "before we could find any of the ambulance corps to bear him off to the hospital.
“我把他抱在怀里，帮他上担架。 "Taking him in my arms, I assisted him in the stretcher.
“我悲伤的泪水滴落在他流血的脸上，我和他告别。” "Dropping a tear of grief upon his bleeding face, I bade him good-bye."
查尔斯.巴彻勒 Charles Batchelor.
“昨晚，我很想活下去， "Last night, I wanted so to live,
“似乎我这么年轻不该死去。 "I seemed so young to go.
“上周我过了生日，我才19岁。 "Last week I passed my birthday, I was just 19, you know.
“当我想起我计划要做的一切， "When I thought of all I'd planned to do,
“似乎死去太不甘心， "it seemed so hard to die,
“但现在我祈求上帝的恩赐， "but now I've prayed to god for grace
“我什么都不在意了。 "and all my care's gone by.
“这时他的声音变得微弱， "And here his voice grew weaker,
“当他自豪的抬起头， "as he proudly raised his head,
“轻声说，再见，妈妈。 "and whispered, good-bye, mother.
你当兵的儿子死了。” And your soldier boy was dead."
[葬礼安息号] [playing taps]
“没人能说出，谁是胜利者，谁占了上风。 "Who was victorious or with whom the advantage rests, no one here can tell.
“一些人认为叛军被打败了， "Some think the rebels were defeated,
“尽管没人象昨天那样自吹自擂， "as there has been no boasting as on yesterday,
“他们看起来心神不定，一点都不欢欣鼓舞。 "and they look uneasy and by no means exultant.
“我担心我们太过乐观。 "I fear we are too hopeful.
我们应该看明天的情况。” We shall see tomorrow."
萨莉.布罗德海德 Sallie Broadhead.
太阳下山时，北军的左翼和右翼仍在坚守。 As the sun set, the Union left and right still held.
李将军确信要在次日对中央发动一次孤注一掷的进攻。 Lee was sure an all-out Confederate attack on the center the next day would work.
“第二天的战斗结束时，李将军宣布取得成功， "When the second day's battle was over, General Lee pronounced it a success,
但对于胜利的目标我们成效甚微。” but we had accomplished little toward victorious results."
詹姆斯.朗斯特里特将军 General James Longstreet.
第一天的战斗如此鼓舞人心， The first day's fighting was so encouraging,
第二天的战斗只是差之毫厘。 and the second day's fighting came within an inch of doing it.
谢尔比.富特 作家 第二天的战斗只是差之毫厘。 and the second day's fighting came within an inch of doing it.
谢尔比.富特 作家
朗斯特里特说，此时，李将军热血沸腾。 By that time, Longstreet said, Lee's blood was up. 谢尔比.富特 作家
朗斯特里特说，此时，李将军热血沸腾。 By that time, Longstreet said, Lee's blood was up.
朗斯特里特说，当他热血沸腾时，没有什么可以阻止他。 Longstreet said when his blood was up, there was no stopping him.
朗斯特里特试图阻止他。 Longstreet tried to stop him.
李将军说，“不，敌人在那儿，我要去打击他们。” Lee said, "no, he's there," meaning the enemy, "and I'm going to strike him."
我认为朗斯特里特将军有充分理由 General Longstreet, I think, had good reasons to
对在葛底斯堡攻击北军阵地表示担心。 worry about attacking the Union position at Gettysburg.
毕竟，他的军团在弗雷德里克斯堡 After all, it was his corps at Fredericksburg
埃德.比尔斯 战史专家 毕竟，他的军团在弗雷德里克斯堡 After all, it was his corps at Fredericksburg
埃德.比尔斯 战史专家
曾被北军在石墙前如同割麦一样被屠杀。 that mowed down the Union troops in front of the stone wall. 埃德.比尔斯 战史专家
他能够认识到前膛来复枪 he could realize what the rifle musket could do 埃德.比尔斯 战史专家
他能够认识到前膛来复枪 he could realize what the rifle musket could do
在意志坚定的军队手里能有怎样的威力。 held in the hands of determined troops.
第二天由皮克特的部队冲锋。 The next day was Pickett's charge.
到1863年夏天，李将军逐渐相信 Lee, by the Summer of 1863, had come to believe that
他是不可战胜的，北弗吉尼亚军团也是。 he was invincible and so was the army of northern Virginia.
当你看到他们如何一个接一个的击败北军将领的， The record would almost invite that when you see how they had pummelled
斯蒂芬.奥兹 历史学家 当你看到他们如何一个接一个的击败北军将领的， The record would almost invite that when you see how they had pummelled
斯蒂芬.奥兹 历史学家
那么这份记录几乎就是胜利的邀请，或至少 one Union general after another and had defeated-- 斯蒂芬.奥兹 历史学家
在当时的每场战役中都和波托马克军团打个平手。 or at least fought to a draw the army of the Potomac almost every battle at that point. 斯蒂芬.奥兹 历史学家
在当时的每场战役中都和波托马克军团打个平手。 or at least fought to a draw the army of the Potomac almost every battle at that point.
李将军真心认为，如果他要求小伙子们做什么， Lee really did think that if he asked his boys to do something,
他们就会去做，会去做任何事情。 they would do it, that they would do anything.
他来了，来到葛底斯堡，为了证明 他和他的大军是战无不胜的， He had come, by Gettysburg, then, to believe in his invincibility and that of his men,
这是他命中的劫数。 and it was his doom.
《葛底斯堡：第3天》
第三天对李将军来说，开始就不顺利。 The third day began badly for Lee.
尤尔的部队被赶出了寇普山。 Ewell's men were driven back from Culp's Hill.
杰布.斯图尔特本该绕到北军身后，并从后面攻击他们。 Jeb Stuart was supposed to get behind the Federals and attack them from the rear.
北军骑兵阻滞了他， The Union cavalry stopped and held him,
这要部分归功于一位23岁的将军 thanks in part to a series of reckless charges
乔治.阿姆斯特朗.卡斯特一系列奋不顾身的冲锋。 led by 23-year-old General George Armstrong Custer.
现在一切取决于朗斯特里特对墓园山脊北军中央阵地的进攻。 Everything now depended on Longstreet's attack on the Union center on Cemetery Ridge.
米德早就预料到了，正在等着他。 Meade saw it coming and was ready for him.
李将军选择指挥攻击的人是精力充沛、爱用香水的 乔治.E.皮克特将军， The man Lee chose to lead the assault was dashing, perfumed General George E. Pickett,
此前他从未率领过他的师参加战斗。 who had never before taken his division into combat.
这真是个难以置信的错误。 It was an incredible mistake.
可能除了皮克特自己，很少有哪个训练有素的士兵 There's scarcely a trained soldier who didn't know it was a mistake
不知道那个时候这么做是个错误， at the time it was done except possibly Pickett himself,
他非常开心，觉得自己有机会获得荣誉。 who was very happy he had a chance for glory.
但每一个望向那片田野的人， But every man who looked out over that field,
无论是一个军士或一位中将， whether it's a sergeant or a lieutenant general,
都明白那是个孤注一掷的努力， saw that it was a desperate endeavor
我确信，他们都知道那么做不应该。 and, I'm sure, knew that it should not have been made.
皮克特的人马列队进入树林， Pickett's men filed into the woods
在艾米茨堡道西边，在令人窒息的酷热中等待。 west of the Emmitsburg road and waited in the stifling heat.
为了缓解紧张，一些人互相投掷青苹果。 To relieve the tension, some of the men pelted each other with green apples.
他们知道将要做什么，但他们只能等待。 They knew what they were going to do, but they had to wait.
当他们正在等待，整队准备出动—— And while they were waiting, formed and ready to move out--
他们隐蔽在灌木丛之类的地方—— They were in defilade among brush and things--
一只活蹦乱跳的兔子从灌木丛里跳出来跑了， and a rabbit jumped out of the bushes and took off, a real one,
其中一名士兵目送它远去，大声喊着， and one of the soldiers looked after him and hollered,
“跑吧，老兔子。如果我是只兔子，我也会跑。” "Run, old hare. if I was an old hare, I'd run, too."
不是所有的人都勇敢。 It wasn't all valor.
下午1点整，随着震耳欲聋的爆炸， Exactly at 1:00, a giant artillery barrage
巨炮开始一轮齐射， intended to soften up the Union defenses before the attack
意在攻击之前削弱北军的防御。 began with a deafening explosion.
米德刚让他的指挥官们吃午餐。 Meade had just left his commanders finishing their lunch.
一名勤务兵给他们上黄油时，被一发炮弹炸成两截。 As an orderly served them butter, a shell tore the man in two.
[炮声] [cannon fire]
“我们受到的炮击如此突然，许多官兵 "The storm broke upon us so suddenly that numbers of soldiers and officers
“从他们的帐篷里或午睡的草地上跳起， "who leaped from their tents or lazy siestas on the grass
“刚站起身就被击中，死伤惨重。 "were stricken in their rising with mortal wounds and died,
“一些人嘴里还叼着雪茄，一些人手里还拿着吃的。 "Some with cigars clamped between their teeth, some with pieces of food in their fingers.
“四面八方飞来的铁球和石块把一些人击倒。 "The flying iron and pieces of stone struck some men down in every direction.
我们旅大约有30人伤亡。” about 30 men of our brigade were killed or wounded."
以利沙.亨特.罗德斯 Elisha Hunt Rhodes
为了保持部下的勇气，温菲尔德.斯科特.汉考克将军 To keep up his men's courage, General Winfield Scott Hancock
骑着马在防线前来回走动，无畏的面对尖叫的炮弹。 rode up and down the line without flinching at the screaming shells.
一位准将让他找掩护。汉考克拒绝了。 A brigadier urged him to take cover. Hancock refused.
他说，“很多时候，一个军团指挥官的生命无足轻重。” "There are times," he answered, "when a corps commander's life does not count."
北军的大炮开始还击。 Union artillery began to fire back.
“我们静静坐在那里听着。 "We sat and heard in silence.
“对于这样一场可怕的惊天大战， 表现出任何反应都是合情合理的。 "What other expression had we that was not mean for such a awful universe battle.
“山脊后面1千码，全部是炮弹无情肆虐之地。 "All in the rear of the crest for 1,000 yards was the field of the shells' blind fury.
“救护马车沿着塔里敦的道路运送中弹受伤的人。 "Ambulances passing down the tarrytown road with wounded men were struck.
医院人满为患。” The hospitals were riddled."
弗兰克.哈斯凯尔 Frank Haskell
突然间，北军的炮声沉寂下来， Suddenly, the Union guns fell silent
那是为了节省弹药用于米德确信即将到来的进攻， To conserve ammunition for the attack Meade was sure was coming
并把敌人引诱到开阔的旷野上来。 and to lure the enemy out into the open fields.
这招奏效了。 It worked.
大约2点钟，皮克特问是否他的人马应该前进。 At about 2:00, Pickett asked if his men should go forward.
朗斯特里特深知冲锋是愚蠢的， Longstreet, convinced the charge was folly,
无法说些什么，只是点点头。 unable to bring himself to speak, only nodded.
如果你稍微想一想， If you stop to think about it,
会发现说不去比去更难。 it would have been much harder not to go than to go.
需要非常大的勇气才能说出，“我不去了。” It would have taken a great deal of courage to say, "I ain't going."
没人有那么大的勇气。 Nobody's got that much courage.
于是皮克特发出号令。 Now Pickett gave the order.
“起来，伙计们，去你们的岗位。 "Up, men, and to your posts.
别忘了你们来自老弗吉尼亚。” Don't forget today that you are from old Virginia."
3点钟时，3个师，1万3千人， At 3:00, 3 divisions, 13,000 men,
从树林中走出来朝着1.5英里以外的石墙进发， started out of the woods toward the stone wall 1 1/2 miles away,
迈着轻快、平稳的步子，每分钟大约走100码。 at a brisk, steady pace, covering about 100 yards a minute.
他们行进时保持沉默，此刻禁止开火， They were silent as they marched, forbidden this time to fire
甚至不许向叛军叫喊，直到走到敌人跟前。 or even to give the rebel yell until they were on top of the enemy.
“他们的队伍向前延伸超过了1/2英里， "More than 1/2 mile their front extends,
“人挨着人，一排贴着一排。 "man touching man, rank pressing rank.
“红旗招展。他们的骑兵起伏驰骋。 "The red flags wave. Their horsemen gallop up and down.
“1万3千人的大军，枪管和刺刀在阳光下闪耀， "The arms of 13,000 men, barrel and bayonet, gleam in the sun,
“明晃晃的钢枪，形成一片倾斜的森林。 "A sloping forest of flashing steel.
他们一往无前，万众一心。” Right on they move, as with one soul."
“山顶上的每个人，都不必被告知敌人在前进。 "None on that crest now need be told the enemy is advancing.
“每一双眼睛都能看到敌人的军团， "Every eye could see his legions,
“一股势不可挡的潮水， "an overwhelming resistless tide,
一片卷向我们的雄兵海洋。” an ocean of armed men sweeping upon us."
“我们山顶上一切都井然有序，没有喧哗和混乱。 "All was orderly and still upon our crest, no noise and no confusion.
“吉本将军沿着战线策马而行，冷静又沉着， "General Gibbon rode down the lines, cool and calm,
“他用一种不动声色的声音告诉大家， "and in an unimpassioned voice he said to the men,
“不用急，兄弟们，慢点开火。 "Do not hurry, men, and fire too fast.
等他们靠近再开火，先好好瞄准。” Let them come up close before you fire and then aim slow."
一位北军上校回忆说，“那是我平生所见最美一幕。” "It was," a Union colonel recalled, "the most beautiful thing I ever saw."
开火！ Fire!
突然之间，北军在墓园山脊和小圆顶上的大炮开火了， Suddenly, the Union artillery on Cemetery Ridge and Little Round Top opened fire,
从南军队列之中传来一片哀嚎。 and a great moan went up from the Confederate line.
“我们恨不得每发都命中他们，”一位北军军官回忆。 "We could not help hitting them at every shot," a Federal officer recalled.
一发开花炮弹一次就能消灭多达10人。 As many as 10 men at a time were destroyed by a single bursting shell.
一个南军中尉鼓动他的手下，“回家，小伙子们！ A Confederate lieutenant carried out to his men "Home, boys, home!
记住，家就在山那边。” Remember, home is over beyond those hills."
严阵以待的北军开始高唱， The waiting Union troops began chanting,
“弗雷德里克斯堡！弗雷德里克斯堡！” "Fredericksburg! Fredericksburg! Fredericksburg!"
当最前面的南军到达200码以内时， When the first southerners came within 200 yards,
北军亚历山大.海斯将军让部下开火。 Union General Alexander Hays told his men to fire.
11门加农炮和1700支步枪同时发射。 11 cannon and 1,700 muskets went off at once.
整团整团的人不见了。 Entire regiments disappeared.
“叛军队列顷刻被浓重的烟尘所笼罩。 "The rebel lines were at once enveloped in a dense cloud of dust.
“隐约浮现出手臂、头部、军毯、枪支和背包。” "Arms, heads, blankets, guns, and knapsacks were tossed into the clear air."
南军仍然不断向前。 Still the Confederates came on.
他们仅抵达了北军防线唯一一处 They reached the Union line at one place only,
名叫“凸角”的石墙弯曲部。 a crook in the stone wall known as The Angle.
“每分每秒都象是几个世纪， "Seconds are centuries, minutes ages.
“人们互相朝对方脸上开火，而不是5英尺外。 "Men fire into each other's faces, not 5 feet apart.
“到处是拼刺刀、军刀对砍、手枪射击， "There are bayonet thrusts, sabre strokes, pistol shots,
“人们双手和膝盖着地，象陀螺一样旋转， "men going down on their hands and knees spinning round like tops,
“张开双臂，大口咽血，倒下时没了手脚或脑袋。 "throwing out their arms, gulping blood, falling legless, armless, headless.
到处是毛骨悚然的死人堆。” There are ghastly heaps of dead men."
“脚对脚，身体对身体，男人对男人， "Foot to foot, body to body, and man to man,
“他们奋力搏斗，拼命杀戮。 "they struggled and pushed and strived and killed.
“大批伤员和成堆尸体缠住他们的双腿， "The mass of wounded and heaps of dead entangled their feet,
“在被践踏的人群之下， "And underneath the trampling mass,
“受伤的人再也无法站起来战斗， "wounded men who could no longer stand fought,
被汗水淹没，被火药熏黑，被鲜血染红。” drowned in sweat, black with powder, red with blood."
南军由路易斯.A.亚米斯德率领。 The Confederates were led by General Lewis A. Armistead.
他把帽子挑在佩剑上挥舞着越过石墙， He stepped over the wall waving his hat on his sword
夺取了一座北军炮台，直到被击中倒地。 and seized a Union battery before he was shot down.
所有突破石墙的南军都被杀死或抓住。 All the Confederates who breached the wall were killed or captured.
北军守住了防线。 The Union line held.
皮克特的冲锋失败了。 Pickett's charge had failed.
李的军队再也没有如此深入过北方领土。 Lee's army would never again penetrate so far into northern territory.
[军号声] [bugle sounds]
“得胜的蓝军服小伙子们，欢呼声此起彼伏， "Cheer after cheer rose from the triumphant boys in blue,
“响彻大小圆顶，从公墓岭上 "echoing from Round Top, from Cemetery Hill,
“向着低谷回荡，撼天动地。” "resounding in the vale below and making the very heavens throb."
列兵杰西.扬 Private Jesse Young.
当叛军蹒跚着返回时，李将军骑马出来迎接他们。 As the rebels staggered back, Lee rode out to meet them.
“这一切都是我的错，”他告诉他们。 "All this has been my fault," he told them.
也许他最了不起的时刻就是在皮克特冲锋失败后。 Probably his finest hour was after the repulse of Pickett's charge.
他走到原野上，迎接撤退下来的人， He walked out into the field, met the men retreating,
他告诉他们，“这都是我的错。” and said, "It is all my fault." He told them that.
他写信给政府和杰弗逊.戴维斯，说“都是我的错。 He wrote to the governor, to Jefferson Davis, and said, "it was my fault.
我对他们的要求超出了合理的范畴。” I asked more of men than should have been asked of them."
皮克特吓坏了。 Pickett was horrified.
当他被告知集合他的师，进行一次可能的反击时。 When told to rally his division for a possible Union counterattack,
皮克特回答说，“李将军，我已经没有军队了。” Pickett answered, "General Lee, I have no division now."
皮克特从未原谅过李。 Pickett never forgave Lee.
多年以后他说， Years later he said,
“那个老头让我的师遭到屠杀。” "That old man had my division slaughtered."
葛底斯堡是南方为任用罗伯特.李付出的代价。 Gettysburg was the price the South paid for having R.E. Lee.
那是他犯的错误，所有错误中的一个错误。 That was the mistake he made, the mistake of all mistakes.
6500人阵亡或被俘。 6,500 men had fallen or been captured,
是走出树林的大军数目的一半。 half of those who marched out of the woods.
全部15个团长都被击中。 All 15 regimental commanders had been hit.
还有17名校级军官中的16人，3位准将和8位上校。 So had 16 of 17 field officers, three brigadier generals, and eight colonels.
大学生邦联军， Every one of the university greys,
是一个由来自密西西比大学的学生组成的连队， a company made up of students from the university of Mississippi,
里面每一个人都战死或受伤。 had been killed or wounded.
朗斯特里特说，“葛底斯堡，毫无价值之地。” "Gettysburg," Longstreet said, had been "ground of no value."
他补充说，“那天，是我生命中最悲伤的日子。” "That day," he added, "was the saddest of my life."
损失了将近1/3的参战者，5.1万人。 Almost 1/3 of those engaged, 51,000 men, were lost.
北军遭受2.3万人伤亡... The North suffered 23,000 casualties...
南军是2.8万人。 The South, 28,000.
葛底斯堡的2400名居民，现在要照顾 The 2,400 inhabitants of Gettysburg now had 10 times that number of
10倍于这个数字的受伤者。 dead and wounded men to care for.
“伤员被抬进我家房子，并排躺在 "Wounded men were brought into our houses and laid side by side
“大厅和一楼房间里。 "in our halls and first-story rooms.
“地毯浸透了那么多血，无法继续使用。 "Carpets were so saturated with blood as to be unfit for further use.
“墙壁布满血迹， "Walls were bloodstained,
此外那些书也被拿来做了枕头。” as well as books that were used for pillows."
詹妮.麦奎瑞 Jennie McCreary
南军无法承受这样的牺牲。 The Confederacy could not afford such sacrifices.
所有入侵北方的希望都破灭了。 All hope of invading the North was ended.
第二天，李将军开始了撤回弗吉尼亚的漫长旅程， The next day, Lee began the long retreat back to Virginia
其时一场夏季的倾盆大雨冲刷着草地上的血浆， as a summer downpour washed the blood from the grass
洒向延伸17英里的马车队上搭载的伤员。 and pelted the wounded who rode in a wagon train that stretched 17 miles.
“7月4日。以前的国庆日也这样庆祝过吗？ "July 4. Was ever the nation's birthday celebrated in such a way before?
“我想知道南方现在怎么看我们北方佬。 "I wonder what the South thinks of us Yankees now.
我认为葛底斯堡会打消叛军任何再次入侵北方的念想。” I think Gettysburg will cure the rebels of any desire to invade the North again."
以利沙.亨特.罗德斯 Elisha Hunt Rhodes
尽管华盛顿再三催促，米德拒绝攻击李撤退中的部队。 Despite urgings from Washington, Meade refused to attack Lee's retreating army.
另一个摧毁北弗吉尼亚军团的机会失去了。 Another opportunity to destroy the army of northern Virginia was lost.
林肯再一次狂怒不已。 Once again, Lincoln was furious.
与此同时，罗伯特.E.李写信给杰弗逊.戴维斯提出辞职。 Meanwhile, Robert E. Lee wrote Jefferson Davis, offering to resign.
“亲爱的戴维斯总统， "Dear President Davis,
“我甚至不能完成我自己的愿望。 "I cannot even accomplish what I myself desire.
“我又如何能满足别人的期望？ "How can I fill the expectations of others?
“我常常感到自己的体力越来越差。 "I generally feel the growing failure of my bodily strength.
“我急切的请求阁下考虑此事， "I anxiously urge the matter upon your excellency from my belief that a younger
一个比我更年轻能干的人很容易找到。” and abler man than myself can readily be obtained."
罗伯特.E.李 Robert E. Lee.
这个提议未被接受。 The offer was not accepted.
威廉.福克纳在《坟墓的闯入者》一书中说， 对每个南方孩子而言， William Faulkner, in Intruder In The Dust, says that for every southern boy,
他总是能想象出1863年7月初的一天下午1点钟发生的事。 it's always in his reach to imagine it being 1:00 on an early July day in 1863.
大炮整齐安放。军队排列成行。 The guns are laid. The troops are lined up.
旗帜已经从盒子里拿出来，正待迎风招展， The flags are already out of their cases and ready to be unfurled,
但这并不是真的发生的事。 but it hasn't happened yet.
他能够回到战争失败之前的那个时候。 And he can go back to the time before the war was going to be lost.
他总是可以拥有属于自己的那个时刻。 And he can always have that moment for himself.
“葛底斯堡附近的医院。 "Hospital near Gettysburg.
“亲爱的爸爸， "My dear father,
“在众多伤员中，我应该算是战争之神眷顾的人。 "it has pleased the God of battles that I should number among the many wounded.
“由于他无限的仁慈与怜悯， "Through his infinite kindness and mercy,
“我获准告知您，我已经康复了。 "I am permitted to inform you that I have recovered.
“我有两个地方受伤。 "I was wounded in two places.
“第一处打穿了屁股， "First, through the hip,
“第二处，子弹打进我的左眼角， "second, the ball entered the inner corner of my left eye
“从我右耳的下端出来。 "and came out at the lower tip of my right ear.
“两处都得到妥善处理并且痊愈。 "Both are doing fine and healed up.
“写信给我。我也许收得到。 "Write to me. I may get the letter.
您挚爱的儿子，阿尔伯特.巴彻勒。” Your devoted son, Albert Batchelor."
葛底斯堡战役后，缅因州迪尔岛的居民 After Gettysburg, the residents of Deer Isle, Maine,
开始查看阵亡名单，寻找熟悉的名字。 began scanning the casualty lists for familiar names.
两个列兵，约翰.格雷和以赛亚.伊顿， Two privates, John Gray and Isaiah Eaton,
均严重受伤并很快死在医院。 were badly wounded and soon died in hospitals.
两人都埋葬在葛底斯堡新的国家公墓。 Both were buried in the new national cemetery at Gettysburg.
当葛底斯堡的消息传到田纳西州克拉克斯维尔时， 大街上变得很安静。 The streets grew quiet when news of Gettysburg reached Clarksville, Tennessee.
960人随田纳西第14步兵团2年前离开这个镇子。 The 14th Tennessee regiment had left town 2 years before with 960 men.
葛底斯堡战役开始时，还有365人。 When the battle of Gettysburg began, only 365 remained.
第一天结束时，只剩下60人。 By the end of the first day, there were 60 men left.
战役结束时，仅余3人。 By the end of the battle, there were only three.
“城市笼罩在一片阴郁中。 "A gloom rests over the city.
“人们的情感与希望都寄托在这个团身上。 "The hopes and affections of the people were wrapped in the regiment.
“那些发动这场罪恶战争的人负有多么重大的责任。” "What a terrible responsibility rests upon those who inaugurated this unholy war."
1863年7月26日， On July 26, 1863, Sam Houston,
德克萨斯共和国首位总统、美国联邦坚定的支持者， first President of the Republic of Texas,
山姆.休斯敦死在德克萨斯的亨茨维尔。 unshakable supporter of the American Union, died at Huntsville, Texas.
“我请求那些建立和摧毁国家的人，与我们联合。 "I ask of him who build up and pull down nations to unite us.
“我希望，如果这个联邦注定分裂， "I wish, if this Union must be dissolved,
它的废墟将成为我坟墓上的纪念碑。” that its ruins be the monument of my grave."
“我尽我所能，把他的形象雕刻到一块床头板上， "I carved him out a headboard as skillful as I could,
“如果你想找到它，我可以告诉你它立在哪儿。 "and if you wish to find it, I can tell you where it stood.
“我给你寄回他的圣歌集，他戴过的帽子， "I send you back his hymn book, the cap he used to wear,
“我前一晚从他油亮的卷发上剪下的—绺头发。 "and a lock I cut the night before of his bright curly hair.
“我给你寄回他的圣经。 "I send you back his bible.
“他死之前那晚我翻开书页， "The night before he died I turned its leaves together,
“在他身边读它。 "and read it by his side.
“我会留着他用过的腰带，他叫我留下， "I'll keep the belt he was wearing, he told me so to do,
“腰带的一侧有个洞，子弹就是从这里打进去的。 "It had a hole upon the side just where the ball went through.
“现在我已经完成了他的嘱托，没什么别的要说了， "So now I've done his bidding, there's nothing more to tell,
但我会永远和你一起悼念，我们深爱的男孩。” but I shall always mourn with you, the boy we loved so well."
《她排在我前面》
“我们的雇工在玉米种植开始时就应征入伍， "Our hired man left to enlist just as corn planting commenced,
“于是从那时起，我要扛起锄头，一直干活到现在。 "so I shouldered my hoe and have worked out ever since.
我想我干的活跟他不相上下。” I guess my services are just as acceptable as his."
“历史上没有哪场冲突，”一位记者写道， "No conflict in history," a journalist wrote,
“如美国内战这样，也是一场妇女深度参与的战争。” "was so much a woman's war as The Civil War."
南北双方的妇女们都想方设法提供帮助。 North and south, women looked for ways to help.
在北方，公民们成立了卫生委员会 In the North, citizens formed the Sanitary Commission
和基督教委员会，来组织私人救济， and the Christian Commission to organize private relief
和控制疾病在军队里的传播。 and check the spread of disease in the army.
发病率降低了一半。 The disease rate was cut in half.
卫生委员会在营地里巡视，要求保持清洁， Sanitary commissioners prowled the camps, demanding they be cleaned up,
改善医疗条件，督促改善伙食， reforming hospital conditions, insisting on better food,
确保毯子、鞋、药品和家里的包裹 making sure blankets, shoes, medicines, and packages from home
得到公平分配。 were distributed fairly.
一些杰出的人士运营着卫生委员会。 Prominent men ran the sanitary commission.
纽约律师乔治.坦普顿.斯特朗是其财务主管。 New York lawyer George Templeton Strong was its treasurer.
但在北方地区的7千个分会之中，数十万妇女从事 But hundreds of thousands of women in 7,000 local chapters all over the North did the work
缝纫、编织、烘焙、包扎绷带、募集资金和组织集会。 sewing, knitting, baking, wrapping bandages, raising funds, organizing rallies.
“如果这场战争引发了人类之中潜藏的 "If this war developed some of the most brutal, bestial,
“最为残忍、野蛮和邪恶的品质， "and devilish qualities lurking in the human race,
它也展现出在最优秀的男人和女人之中有多少天使。” It has also shown us how much of the angel there is in the best men and women."
玛丽.利弗莫尔 Mary Livermore
玛丽.利弗莫尔，一位芝加哥牧师的妻子， Mary Livermore, a Chicago minister's wife,
把中西部志愿者组织成3千个分会， organized Midwestern volunteers into 3,000 chapters
当军队受到坏血病的威胁时， And, when the army was threatened with scurvy,
向南方运送了大量食物，以至一位记者说， sent so much food south that one reporter said,
“一条蔬菜的供应线连接着芝加哥和维克斯堡。” "a line of vegetables connected Chicago and Vicksburg."
克拉拉.巴顿,她身高不足5英尺，用骡车分发补给品， Clara Barton, who stood barely 5 feet tall, distributed supplies by mule train,
从雪松山到安提坦一路照料伤员， ministered to the wounded from Cedar Mountain to Antietam,
不知疲倦的游说华盛顿，给这些人提供更好的护理。 and tirelessly lobbied Washington for better care for the men.
在一封家信里，一位医务船上的护士凯瑟琳.沃姆斯利 In a letter home, Katherine Wormsley, a nurse on a hospital ship,
指责船上混乱不堪， decried the confusion and chaos on board,
但在结尾时她说，“再见，这就是生活。” but she ended, "Good-bye. This is life."
乔治.坦普顿.斯特朗的妻子埃莉也去了南方， 在一条医务船上服务。 George Templeton Strong's wife Ellie went south to serve on a hospital ship, too.
“埃莉的机灵、理智、善良和活力 "Ellie's tact, sense, good nature,
“立刻征服了联邦军队的主治医生， "and energy conquered the USA surgeon in charge at once
“使得他从官威十足变成衷心愉快的合作， "and coerced all his official dignity into hearty, grateful cooperation
“她替他保管500箱物资，其中大多是坏的。 "in the care of his cargo of 500 cases, mostly bad ones.
“她所表现出的事业心、勇气、判断力和人格力量， "Have never given her credit for tithe of the enterprise,
“从未获得过哪怕十分之一的赞颂。 "pluck, discretion, and force of character she has shown.
上帝保佑她。” God bless her."
“我们南方没有卫生委员会。 "We had no sanitary commission in the South.
“我们太穷了。 "We were too poor.
“我们没有一条把人多富裕的城市连起来的铁路。 "We had no line of rich and populous cities closely connected by rail.
在我们这里，每所房子都是医院。” With us, every house was a hospital."
南方妇女也当护士， Southern women worked as nurses, too,
尽管有人批评她们照顾暴徒太不象淑女了。 despite criticism that it was unladylike for them to care for ruffians.
里士满的萨莉.汤普金斯和仅有的6位雇工 Sallie Thompkins of Richmond and a staff of only six
在她的私人医院里护理1333名伤员， nursed 1,333 wounded men in her private hospital
除73人外其余的都活了下来， and kept all but 73 of them alive,
这是一份内战期间南北双方任何医院都无法企及的记录。 a record unmatched by any other Civil War hospital, north or south.
玛丽.安.璧克黛克，一位身为教友派信徒的寡妇， 也是卫生委员会代表， Mary Ann Bickerdyke, a Quaker widow and Sanitary Commission agent,
随北军一起奔波，历时4年，经历了19场战役， traveled with the Union army through four years and 19 battles,
协助截肢手术，煮咖啡， Assisting at amputations, brewing barrels of coffee,
收集牛、鸡和鸡蛋， rounding up cattle and chickens and eggs
供养那些心怀感激的称她为“璧克黛克妈妈”的人。 to feed the grateful men who called her mother Bickerdyke.
战争结束时，谢尔曼将军说的言简意赅， “她排在我前面。” By the end of the war, General Sherman said simply "She ranks me."
《维克斯堡》
5月下旬起的每一天， Every day since late May,
U.S.格兰特的200门联邦大炮从陆上猛轰维克斯堡， U.S. Grant's 200 Union guns had pounded Vicksburg from land,
同时大卫.波特海军上将的炮艇从河上攻击。 while Admiral David Porter's gunboats battered it from the river.
“他们向城里开火， "They fire at the city,
“以为他们会拖垮女人、孩子和病人， "thinking that they will wear out the women and children and sick,
“彭博顿将军会因此被迫献城投降， "and General Pemberton will be obliged to surrender the place on that account,
但他们一点都不明白维克斯堡妇孺们的勇气。” but they little know the spirit of the Vicksburg women and children."
居民们在黄土山坡上挖洞，有的带有几个房间， Civilians dug caves in the yellow clay hillsides, some with several rooms
里面配备了地毯、床和椅子，还有奴隶伺候。 fitted out with rugs and beds and chairs and staffed with slaves.
但食品日益短缺。 But food ran low.
城市的守卫者被迫以骡子、马和狗为食。 The city's defenders were reduced to eating mules, horses, and dogs.
《维克斯堡时报》只能印在花纹墙纸的背后。 The Vicksburg Gazette had to be printed on the back of flowered wallpaper.
新闻纸用光了。 There was no more newsprint.
“我们完全与世隔绝，被一圈烈火包围着。 "We are utterly cut off from the world, surrounded by a circle of fire.
“弹雨日夜不停的落下。 "The shower of shells goes on day and night.
“人们什么都不做，除了找到啥吃啥， "People do nothing but eat what they can get,
能睡就睡，还有躲避炮弹。” sleep when they can, and dodge the shells."
多拉.米勒 Dora Miller.
一位妇女说，“就象植物的根一样活着。” It was "living like plant roots," one woman said.
北军开始管维克斯堡叫“土拨鼠之城”。 Union troops began calling Vicksburg "prairie dog town."
最终，经过48天的围困，在7月4日， Finally, after 48 days of siege, on July 4th,
李将军撤离葛底斯堡的同一天， the same day that Lee began his retreat from Gettysburg,
3万1千南军投降。 31,000 Confederates surrendered.
南军约翰.C.彭博顿将军说，再让他的部下经受这种 Confederate General John C. Pemberton said it would be an act of "cruel inhumanity"
可怕的折磨，将是一种“惨无人道”的行为。 to subject his men to the terrible ordeal any longer.
此外他补充说，“我是一个北方人。我了解他们。 Besides, he added, "I am a northern man. I know my people.
“我知道，我们能在7月4日这天从他们那里 "I know we can get better terms from them on the fourth of July
得到比一年中其他日子更好的投降条件。” than on any other day of the year."
星条旗在维克斯堡法院上升起。 The stars and stripes was raised above the Vicksburg courthouse.
密西西比河上，庆祝活动在波特将军的旗舰上举行， At the celebration aboard Admiral Porter's flagship on the Mississippi,
格兰特是唯一一个不碰酒的人， Grant was the only one who did not touch the wine offered him,
但他抽了支雪茄过了把瘾。 but contented himself with a cigar.
“格兰特现在是当之无愧的英雄， "Grant is now deservedly the hero,
“1个月前指责他过往种种罪责的人，现在对他大加赞扬， "belabored with praise by those who accused him a month ago of all the sins in the calendar
“但若是舆论有点风吹草动，这些人下星期就会转而反对他。 "and who next week will turn against him if so blows the popular breeze.
大众之声，虚伪之声。” Vox Popular, Vox Humbug."
威廉.特库姆塞.谢尔曼 William Tecumseh Sherman.
“现在必须承认，所有关于英国调停的想法都结束了。 "It is now conceded that all idea of British intervention is at an end.
“我想为葛底斯堡战役拥抱波托马克军团， "I want to hug the army of the Potomac for Gettysburg,
“我想自掏腰包请维克斯堡的整支部队畅饮， "I want to get the whole army of Vicksburg drunk at my own expense,
我想和某个小矮子作战，痛扁他。” I want to fight some small man and lick him."
亨利.亚当斯 Henry Adams.
南方邦联被一分为二。 The Confederacy was cut in two.
密西西比河成了联邦的高速路。 The Mississippi had become a Union highway.
“众水之父，”林肯说，“再次静谧的奔流到海。” "The father of waters," Lincoln said, "again goes unvexed to the sea."
“我们已经失去了密西西比河， "We have lost the Mississippi,
“我们的国家被分割了， "and our nation is divided,
没有什么是我们必须为之战斗的了。” and there's not enough left to fight for."
维克斯堡不再举办7月4日庆祝活动达81年之久。 （指二战结束） The 4th of July would not be celebrated in Vicksburg again for 81 years.
《门槛上了房梁》
“我找了一个20岁上下的荷兰大男孩作为顶替者， "I found for my substitute a big Dutch boy of 20 or thereabouts
“付出1100美元作为合理的报酬。 "for the moderate consideration of $1,100.
“要是这个替身努力一下，他会成为一个好战士。 "My alter ego could make a good soldier if he tried.
“我给了他我的地址，告诉他写信给我， "I gave him my address and told him to write to me
“如果他发现自己在医院或有了麻烦， "if he found himself in the hospital or in trouble
我会尽我所能帮助他。” and that I would try to do what I properly could to help him."
乔治.坦普顿.斯特朗 George Templeton Strong
7月林肯发布了第一道联邦征兵令。 In July, Lincoln issued the first Federal draft call.
所有20至45岁的健全男性都被登记在册， All able-bodied men between 20 and 45 were enrolled,
但法律偏袒富裕的人。 but the law favored the well-to-do.
任何人只要支付300美元的“抵偿费” Any man willing to pay $300 as a "commutation fee"
或雇佣一个替代他岗位的人，即可豁免。 or hire a substitute to serve in his place was exempt.
“法律就是富人的账单， "The law is a rich man's bill,
它是为那些无法筹到这笔钱的制订的。” made for him who cannot raise that sum."
参议员撒迪厄斯.史蒂文斯 Senator Thaddeus Stevens
老罗斯福和小罗斯福的父亲都雇了替身， The fathers of Theodore and Franklin Roosevelt hired substitutes,
安德鲁.卡内基和J.P.摩根也是如此， so did Andrew Carnegie and J.P. Morgan
还有2位未来的总统——切斯特.A.阿瑟和格罗弗.克利夫兰。 and two future presidents--Chester A. Arthur and Grover Cleveland.
“赏金仙人跳”成为一种职业。 Bounty jumping became a profession.
只要在某地登记，过段时间后就能领到入伍奖金， Men signed up from one district long enough to receive a reward for enlisting,
然后开溜，去别处干同样的事。 then deserted to do the same elsewhere.
有人在被抓前曾反复作案32次。 One man repeated the process 32 times before he was caught.
震颤派教徒老弗雷德里克.埃文斯去见林肯， （基督教新教派别） Shaker elder Frederick Evans came to see Lincoln,
希望他的和平主义团体可以免服兵役。 hoping to have his pacifist community excused from military service.
“我们需要你们这样的人参军，”林肯说， "We need regiments of such men as you," Lincoln said,
但他同意了老埃文斯的请求。 but granted elder Evans' request.
震颤派教徒属于最早的良心拒服兵役者之一。 The shakers were among the first conscientious objectors.
在迪尔岛，2位卓越的当地公民开始 On Deer Isle, two prominent local citizens began
挨家挨户派发征兵通知， going house to house delivering induction notices.
149人响应新的征召入伍， 149 men were called for the new draft,
42人从未露面， 42 never showed up,
33人因体检不合格被豁免， 33 were exempted for medical reasons,
有2对顶替入伍者， two paid substitutes,
有一个人卖掉房子使他的妻子和几个孩子无家可归， and one man sold his house and left his wife and several children homeless
也不愿抛下她们去前线。 rather than desert them for the front.
[谢尔比.富特] [shelby foote]
纽约城也打算与联邦分离， New York City contemplated secession from the Union, too,
他们想宣布为一个自由城市。 and they wanted to be declared an open city.
这里有对黑人涌入的很多不满， There was a great deal of resentment
以及大量对征兵的抵制活动。 of the influx of blacks and a lot of resistance to the draft.
因为人们比以前有更多可以获得高薪的工作机会， because men could get better-paying jobs than they'd ever had,
他们最不想做的事就是去打仗。 and the last thing they wanted was to go to the war.
还有很多的不满在于， There was a good deal of resentment, too,
如果你能凑足300美元，你就能豁免， that if you could scrape up $300, you could be exempt,
所有这些怨恨的爆发，演变成人们所说的纽约征兵暴动。 and all those resentments flared up into what's called the New York draft riots.
没有哪个群体比纽约的爱尔兰移民更加愤怒， No group was more outraged than the immigrant Irish of New York,
他们害怕那些来竞争最低报酬工作的黑人， who feared the blacks who competed for the lowest-paying jobs
他们不愿为这些人的自由而战。 and for whose freedom they did not wish to fight.
民主党政客们煽动他们的怒气。 Democratic politicians fanned their anger.
“记住这点， "Remember this,
“宣称为了公众需求的血腥、叛国和革命的学说， "that the bloody and treasonable and revolutionary doctrine of public necessity
可以是一个政府，也可以是一伙暴徒。” can be proclaimed by a mob as well as by a government."
纽约州长霍雷肖.西摩尔 Governor Horatio Seymour, New York.
7月12日，星期天， On Sunday, July 12th,
当第一批应征入伍者的名字出现在报纸上， when the names of the first draftees appeared in the newspapers
旁边就是长长的葛底斯堡阵亡者名单， alongside long lists of those who had fallen at Gettysburg,
一伙以爱尔兰人为主的暴徒袭击和捣毁了征兵办公室， a mostly Irish mob attacked and destroyed the draft office,
然后散入全城各处。 then fanned out across the city.
3天时间里，曼哈顿东区被暴徒占领。 For three days, the east side of Manhattan belonged to the mob.
黑人是他们的首要目标。 Blacks were their main targets.
他们焚烧黑人寄宿公寓，一间黑人教堂，一所黑人孤儿院， They burned black boarding houses, a black church, a black orphanage,
然后他们私刑处死一名瘸腿的黑人马车夫并焚烧尸体， then lynched a crippled black coachman and set his corpse on fire
一边高唱“为杰夫.戴维斯欢呼！” while chanting "hurrah for Jeff Davis!"
[火警铃声] [fire bells clanking]
“7月14日， "July 14th,
“铃声叮当作响，火警时不时的传来，响了一夜。 "fire bells clanking as they have clanked at intervals throughout the evening.
“昨天野蛮暴行和掠夺行为的许多细节被曝光。 "Many details come in of yesterday's brutal, cowardly ruffianism and plunder.
“卡迈街上的店铺被洗劫，黑人无缘无故被吊死， "Shops were cleaned out and black men hanged in Carmine Street
只是因为他们的黑人文化认同。” for no offense but that of negritude."
乔治.坦普顿.斯特朗 George Templeton Strong.
最终，疲惫不堪的军队从葛底斯堡赶来恢复秩序。 Finally, exhausted troops from Gettysburg arrived to impose order.
100人多人被杀。 More than 100 people had been killed.
随着反战呼声越来越高，血腥的暴乱在北方各地爆发。 Bloody riots broke out throughout the North as opposition to the war increased.
《华盛顿时报》的编辑写道，“这个国家， "The nation," wrote the editor of the Washington Times,
“此时正处于一种革命的状态——东南西北都有。” "is at this time in a state of revolution--north, south, east, and west."
“你们说你们不会为解放黑奴而战。 "You say you will not fight to free negroes.
“他们中一些人似乎愿意为你们而战。 "Some of them seem willing to fight for you.
“当胜利到来时， "When victory is won,
“会有一些黑人记得他们，那些缄默不语、紧咬牙关、 "There were be some black man who can remember that with silent tongue and clenched teeth
“目光坚定、握定刺刀的人， "and steady eye and well-poised bayonet,
是他们帮助人类完成了这个伟大的目标。” they have helped mankind on to this great consummation."
亚伯拉罕.林肯 Abraham Lincoln.
“黑人是目前局势的关键所在， "The negro is the key to the situation,
“是全面扭转叛乱的支点。 "The pivot upon which the whole rebellion turns.
“这场战争，他们或许想掩盖真相， "This war, disguise it as they may,
“但这实际上是不折不扣的 "is virtually nothing more or less
“普遍自由与永久奴役的对抗， "than perpetual slavery against universal freedom,
有鉴于此，各州的废奴亟待完成。” and to this end the free states will have to come."
弗雷德里克.道格拉斯 Frederick Douglass.
“奴隶会参战吗？ "Will the slave fight?
“如果有人问你，告诉他不， "If any man asks you, tell him no,
“但如果有人问你黑人会参战吗， "but if anyone asks you will a negro fight,
告诉他是的。” tell him yes."
温德尔.菲利浦斯 （著名废奴主义者） Wendell Phillips.
从战争打响第一枪之始， Since the first shots were fired,
废奴主义者就向政府施压，要求将黑人投入战斗。 abolitionists had been pressing the government to put blacks into battle.
国会在1862年批准了有色人种的部队， Congress authorized colored troops in 1862,
但过了一年后，才有第一批黑人穿上蓝制服 but a year went by before the first black men put on blue coats
到白人长官手下服役。 to serve under white officers.
“对黑人的解放运动， "This, with the emancipation of the negro,
给予南部邦联最沉重的打击。 "is the heaviest blow yet given the Confederacy.
“通过武装黑人， "By arming the negro,
“我们增加了一个强大的盟友。 "We have added a powerful ally.
他们会成为优秀的战士。” They will make good soldiers."
尤利西斯.S.格兰特 Ulysses S. Grant.
♪♪你认为我是否会成为一名基督徒战士？♪♪ ♪♪ do you think I'll make a Christian soldier?♪♪
黑人列兵每月支饷10美元，比白人少3美元。 Black privates were paid $10 a month, $3.00 less than whites.
有些团实行无偿服役，不愿屈从于这种不平等。 Several regiments served without pay rather than submit to that inequality.
黑人很少获得晋升。 Blacks were rarely promoted.
♪♪成为十字架的战士？♪♪ ♪♪ make a soldier of the cross? ♪♪
许多北军士兵一开始 Many of the Union soldiers who began with
就对黑人抱有先入为主的成见，认定他们不能战斗， stereotypical assumptions about black men, who assumed that they couldn't fight,
认为他们会把武器交给敌人，他们会逃跑之类， that they would hand their weapons over to the enemy, that they would run and so on,
但在最恶劣的环境下，他们改变了想法。 had their minds changed in the grimmest circumstances.
某些记叙人们的想法 And some of the documents that tell the story
芭芭拉.菲尔茨 历史学家 某些记叙人们的想法 And some of the documents that tell the story
芭芭拉.菲尔茨 历史学家
是如何发生转变的文献， of how people's ideas were transformed 芭芭拉.菲尔茨 历史学家
不是那种你乐意去读的文献， are not the sort of documents that you enjoy reading 芭芭拉.菲尔茨 历史学家
不是那种你乐意去读的文献， are not the sort of documents that you enjoy reading
因为里面说的是人们如何在死亡中结为伙伴， because they speak of how people became companions in death,
说的是白人士兵如何看到黑人战友 of how white soldiers learned to respect their black comrades
面对身边的人被屠戮时 when they watched how they reacted
作出怎样的反应，从而学会尊重他们。 as people all around were being killed, being butchered.
[击鼓声] [drums beating]
7月18日，征兵暴动结束后仅3天， On July 18th, just three days after the draft riots ended,
由全部650名黑人组成的马萨诸塞第54步兵团， 650 men of the all-black 54th Massachusetts regiment
袭击了位于南加州瓦格纳炮台的一个南军阵地。 assaulted a Confederate position at Battery Wagner, South Carolina.
他们的指挥官是一位波士顿废奴主义者的儿子， Their commander was a Boston abolitionist's son,
罗伯特.古尔德.肖恩上校 Colonel Robert Gould Shaw.
“不用说，如果这支马萨诸塞第54步兵团 面对考验时畏缩不前， "It is not too much to say that if this Massachusetts 54th had faltered when its trial came,
“那么用他们打先锋的20万大军就永远不会投入战场， "200,000 troops for whom it was a pioneer would never have been put into the field,
“但这个团没有畏缩。 "but it did not falter.
“它使瓦格纳要塞成为一个对黑人来说如此响亮的名字， "It made Fort Wagner such a name for the colored race
“正如邦克山与白种北方人的关联已有90年。” "as Bunker Hill has been for 90 years to the white Yankees."
这个团40%的人都没回来，包括肖恩上校。 40% of the regiment did not return, including Colonel Shaw.
肖恩率领他们进攻瓦格纳炮台。 Shaw led their attack on battery Wagner.
他们溃不成军。他们根本不该发动那样的冲锋。 They were cut to pieces. They never should have made that charge either.
当战斗结束时，南军控制了局面。 And when it was over, the Confederates were in control.
他们对黑人军团里的白人长官非常痛恨。 And there was very hard feeling against the white officers in black regiments.
肖恩和他的士兵被扔进一个坑里活埋了事。 Shaw was simply thrown in a burial pit with his soldiers.
肖恩的父亲后来说，他为儿子以这种方式被埋葬感到自豪。 Shaw's father later said he was proud to have him buried that way.
当旗手倒下，撤退的命令下达后， When the flag bearer fell and the order to withdraw was given,
威廉.卡尼中士抓起旗帜，使它重新在阵地上飘扬， Sergeant William Carney seized the colors and made it back to his lines,
尽管他的头、胸、右臂和腿都已中弹。 despite bullets in the head, chest, right arm, and leg.
他是最早一批获得荣誉勋章的23位黑人之一， He was the first of 23 blacks awarded the medal of honor,
虽然他不得不等待了37年才能获得它。 though he had to wait 37 years to get it.
“瓦格纳要塞。 "Fort Wagner.
“我亲爱的艾米莉亚， "My Dear Amelia,
“我已经参加了2场战斗，没有负伤。 "I have been in two fights and am unhurt.
“我认为今晚，我大概要参加另一场。 "I am about to go in another, I believe, tonight.
“我们部队那两场仗都打得很好。 "Our men fought well on both occasions.
“我不清楚如何在我是战斗中活下来的， 但现在我还活着。 "How I got out of that fight alive I cannot tell, but I am here.
“亲爱的，我希望再次见到你。 "My dear girl, I hope again to see you.
“我必须向你道别了。如果我战死， "I must bid you farewell. Should I be killed,
“记住，如果我死了，我是为一个美好事业而死。 "Remember, if I die, I die in a good cause.
“我希望我们有一支10万人的黑人部队。 "I wish we had 100,000 colored troops.
我们将会结束这场战争。” We would put an end to this war."
刘易斯.道格拉斯中士 Sergeant Lewis Douglass.
♪♪你是否♪♪ ♪♪ do you ♪♪
♪♪想要你们的自由...♪♪ ♪♪ want your freedom... ♪♪
他们只占北方人口的1%还不到， They constituted less than 1% of the North's population,
然而战争结束时，他们构成了北军总人数的近1/10， yet by the war's end, they would make up nearly 1/10 of the Northern army,
大多数都是被解放的黑人和逃奴。 most of them freed blacks and runaway slaves.
♪♪你是否想要你们的自由？♪♪ ♪♪ do you want your freedom? ♪♪
♪♪十字架的战士♪♪ ♪♪ soldiers of the cross ♪♪
85%的合格黑人男性都参加了入伍登记。 85% of the eligible black male population had signed on.
18万人参加了解放黑人的战斗。 180,000 fought to free their people.
“一旦让黑人在自己身上配上U.S.的黄铜字母， "Once let the black man get upon his person the brass letters--U.S.,
“让他的纽扣上有只鹰， " let him get an eagle on his buttons
“让他的肩头有支步枪，子弹装在他的口袋里， "and a musket on his shoulder and bullets in his pockets,
“那么世界上就没有任何力量 "and there's no power on earth
可以否认他们从联邦那里获得的公民权利。” which can deny that he has earned the right to citizenship in the United States."
“联邦的所有军队都不会允许南方恢复奴隶制。 "The whole army of the United States could not restore the institution of slavery in the South.
“他们再也不能找回他们的奴隶， 正如无法找回他们死去的祖父。 "They can't get back their slaves any more than they can get back their dead grandfathers.
奴隶制已死。” It is dead."
威廉.特库姆塞.谢尔曼 William Tecumseh Sherman.
有一次，一个黑人认出了南军战俘队伍中他的前主人， Once a black Union soldier spotted his former owner among a group of Confederate prisoners.
“你好，主人，”他说，“这次门槛上了房梁。” "Hello, Massa," he said, "bottom rail on top this time."
“人们都在谈论战争行将结束， "Folks talk about the fighting being nearly over,
“但我相信还有很多苦战会接踵而至。 "but I believe there's a heap yet to come.
“让黑人们接受总统和内阁的提议—— "Let the colored men accept the offer of the president and cabinet--
“拿起武器，加入军队—— "take arms, join the army--
“那么我们会痛击叛军， "then we'll whip the rebels,
就算‘长街’和南方所有的街都集中在查塔努加。” （朗斯特里特将军名字意为“长街”） even if Longstreet and all the streets of the South concentrate at Chattanooga."
杰里.沙利文 Jerry Sullivan.
《死亡之河》
紧靠田纳西河，位于2条战略上极其重要的铁路交汇点的 Hard against the Tennessee River at the meeting point of two strategically crucial railroads,
查塔努加城扼守着通往南方邦联东部 the city of Chattanooga guarded the gateway to the eastern Confederacy
和叛军在乔治亚州的军事工业区的大门。 and the rebel war industries in Georgia.
5个月来， For five months,
北军的威廉.罗斯克兰斯将军不愿执行林肯的急令， Union General William Rosecrans resisted Lincoln's urgent calls
把布拉克斯顿.布雷格的南军赶出田纳西，并夺取查塔努加。 to drive Braxton Bragg's Confederates out of Tennessee and seize Chattanooga.
夏天到来时，林肯要求采取更果断的行动， When summer came, Lincoln demanded more decisive action,
罗斯克兰斯好不容易才出动， and at long last Rosecrans moved,
展开一系列漂亮和兵不血刃的侧翼机动。 launching a series of brilliant and almost bloodless flanking maneuvers.
10天时间，他在田纳西连日暴雨中将布雷格驱赶了80英里。 In 10 days, he drove Bragg 80 miles through a relentless Tennessee rain.
“不是长老会式的零星小雨，”一位士兵回忆说， “而是浸礼会式的倾盆大雨。” "No Presbyterian rain, either," a soldier remembered, "but a genuine Baptist downpour."
9月，布雷格放弃了查塔努加，一路后退到 In September, Bragg abandoned Chattanooga and kept backing away
刚过田纳西州界的乔治亚境内， until just over the Tennessee line in Georgia,
在那里他沿着一条 where he gathered his forces
名叫奇克莫加的蜿蜒小河集结兵力， --now bolstered by Longstreet's Virginia veterans--
现在他得到了朗斯特里特的弗吉尼亚老兵支援。 along a meandering creek called Chickamauga.
奇克莫加，正如所有印第安词语，翻译过来就是“死亡之河”。 Chickamauga is, like all Indian words, interpreted to mean "the river of death".
上帝知道这到底代表什么。 God knows what it really means.
奇克莫加是一场极其恐怖的战役， Chickamauga was a horrendous battle,
太多的突破战，太多的白刃战， very a lot of breakthroughs, a lot of hand-to-hand combat,
一次漫长而疲惫的撤退， a long, Ragged retreat,
一次南军的辉煌胜利却未加充分利用。 a glorious southern victory which was unexploited.
所有的西部英雄都在那里，从福雷斯特开始，都倒下了。 All the western heroes were there, from Forrest on, down.
那是一场伟大的战役。 It was-- it's a great battle.
9月18日早晨8点钟， At 8 a.m. On the morning of September 18th,
内森.贝德福德.福雷斯特的骑兵撞上了 Nathan Bedford Forrest's cavalry ran into a brigade of Federals
正向河上一座小桥前进的北军一个旅。 heading for a little bridge over the creek.
中午时分，福雷斯特的一位军官报告， By noon, one of Forrest's officers reported,
“死尸叠在一起就象木料堆， "The dead were piled upon each other like cordwood
成了前进队伍的通道。” to make passage for advancing columns."
夜暮降临时，所有的阵地都守住了。 By nightfall, both lines held.
在第二天的激烈战斗中，罗斯克兰斯犯了一个致命错误—— On the second day of fierce fighting, Rosecrans committed a fatal mistake--
命令他的军队堵住北军战线上一个并不存在的缺口。 ordering his troops to close a gap in the Union line that wasn't there.
在此过程中，他打开了一个真的缺口， In the process, he opened up a real one,
朗斯特里特的南军猛冲进来。 and Longstreet's Confederates stormed through.
联邦的军队溃逃。 The Union forces broke and ran.
“他们打到只剩最后一人，”朗斯特里特说， “甚至他也在逃跑。” "They have fought their last man," Longstreet said, "and even he is running."
但来自弗吉尼亚的联邦军人乔治.亨利.托马斯拒绝撤退， But George Henry Thomas, a Union man from Virginia, refused to retreat
组织了一次顽强的最后时刻的防御， and organized a stubborn last-minute defense
避免战斗变成全面的溃败， that kept the battle from becoming a rout
他也赢得了一个“奇克莫加岩石”的绰号。 and earned him the nickname the "rock of Chickamauga".
北军跌跌撞撞的逃回查塔努加。 The Northern army limped back into Chattanooga.
罗斯克兰斯感到“困惑和震惊”，林肯说， “犹如一只鸭子当头捱了一棒。” Rosecrans was "confused and stunned," Lincoln said, "like a duck hit on the head."
困在查塔努加的北军境况悲惨。 Bottled up in Chattanooga, the Union forces were miserable.
寒冷，寄生虫肆虐，给养线大部分被切断，只剩涓涓细流， Cold, vermin-infested, cut off from all but a thin trickle of supplies,
他们拆除房屋，砍倒城里所有的树木和篱笆作为燃料。 they demolished houses and hacked down every tree and fence in town for fuel.
围城的南军情况也好不到哪里去。 The Confederates besieging the city were in no better shape.
“当我们物资匮乏和饥饿到达顶点， "In the very acme of our privations and hunger,
“在军队最不满意、最不开心时， "when the army was most dissatisfied and unhappy,
“我们还要受命列队接受高贵的杰弗逊.戴维斯的检阅。 "We were ordered into line to be reviewed by the honorable Jefferson Davis.
“当他和一众参谋官疾驰经过我们时， "When he passed us with his great retinue of staff officers at full gallop,
“迎接他的欢呼是， "cheers greeted him with the words
“给我们一点吃的，杰夫老爷。我饿，我饿！” "Send us something to eat, Massa Jeff. I'm hungry. I'm hungry!"
山姆.沃特金斯 Sam Watkins.
尤利西斯.S.格兰特现在统领联邦 In October, Ulysses S. Grant, now in command of all Union armies
从阿帕拉契山脉到密西西比河的所有军队， from the Appalachians to the Mississippi,
10月他赶往查塔努加，立即用托马斯替换了罗斯克兰斯。 hurried to Chattanooga and immediately replaced Rosecrans with Thomas.
布拉克斯顿.布雷格的南军目前占据着 Braxton Bragg's Confederate army now occupied
城东6英里长的传教士山脉。 the 6-mile crest of Missionary Ridge east of the city.
南军的大炮密布于城南 Confederate guns were massed on the 2,000-foot summit
卢考特山附近2千英尺的峰顶。 of nearby lookout mountain south of town.
山下的格兰特，决心把他们赶走。 Grant, down in Chattanooga, resolved to drive them off.
查塔努加战役开始于10月24日。 The battle of Chattanooga began on November 24th.
北军猛攻卢考特山，在浓雾中作战， Union troops stormed Lookout Mountain, fighting through such dense fog
因而此战以“云上的战役”为人铭记。 that it was remembered as the "battle above the clouds."
在夜里，一支被围困的布雷格部队从卢考特山顶峰 During the night, a besieged Bragg withdrew from the summit of Lookout Mountain
撤到附近的传教士山脊。 to nearby Missionary Ridge.
[演奏《共和国战歌》] [battle hymn of the republic playing]
就在第二天黎明前，北军走到一块突出的岩石上， Just before dawn the next morning, Federals stepped out onto an overhanging rock,
当太阳升起时，展开他们的旗帜。 and as the sun rose, unfurled their flag.
下面山谷中，数千名北军士兵爆发出雷鸣般的欢呼。 Thousands of Union men in the valley below broke into a thunderous cheer.
北军取得了胜利。 The Union had won.
接下来北军的任务就是拿下传教士山脊。 The next Union task was to take Missionary Ridge.
在山脚下负责指挥的是115磅体重的菲尔.谢里登将军， In command at the bottom of the hill was 115-pound General Phil Sheridan,
他从口袋里掏出一只酒壶，向上面的南军枪手们举杯致意。 who pulled a flask from his pocket and toasted the Confederate gunners above him.
“这杯敬你们，”他说。 "Here's at you," he said.
叛军开火，他和军官们身上都溅满了泥土。 The rebels opened fire, spattering him and his officers with dirt.
“这太不仗义了，”谢里登说，“为此我要夺下你们的枪。” "That was ungenerous," Sheridan said, "I'll take your guns for that."
“谁让那些人上山的？”格兰特问。 "Who ordered those men up the hill?" Grant asked.
一位副官回答，“没人，他们擅自行动。 "No one," an aide replied. "They started up without orders.
那些家伙一旦开始行动，谁他妈都拦不住。” When those fellows get started, all hell can't stop them."
“当我们的人接近山顶时，那些守卫高地的人越来越绝望。 "Those defending the heights became more and more desperate as our men approached the top.
“他们高喊奇克莫加，似乎这个词本身就是一件武器。 "They shouted Chickamauga as though the word itself were a weapon.
“只有极少的人把弹药塞进枪膛里。 "They thrust cartridges into guns by the handsful.
“他们点燃炸药包的导火索滚下山去， "They lighted the fuses of shells and rolled them down,
但没有什么能够阻挡冲锋的军队。” but nothing could stop the force of the charge."
“约翰.威廉姆斯，南加利福尼亚， "John Williams, South Carolina,
1863年10月死于田纳西州传教士山脊。” killed at Missionary Ridge, Tennessee, November 1863."
在格兰特的领导下，北军打破了南军对查塔努加的包围。 Under Grant's leadership, the Union army had broken the Confederate siege at Chattanooga.
这是格兰特的又一个辉煌战果。 It was another triumph for Grant.
“这是一次伟大的胜利，”谢尔曼说， “是我参与过的最干净利落的战役， "It was a great victory," Sherman said, "the neatest and cleanest battle I was ever in,
这应该全部归功于格兰特。” and Grant deserves the credit of it all."
在随后的几个星期里，每个人都在卢考特山摆拍留影。 In the weeks that followed, everybody posed on Lookout Mountain.
托马斯将军下令在一座叫“果园小丘” 的山上设立一个联邦公墓， General Thomas ordered a Union cemetery laid out on a hill called Orchard Knob
这里曾发生过野蛮的战斗。 that had seen savage fighting.
一位随军牧师问，是否墓地应该按州划分。 A chaplain asked if the burial should be by state.
托马斯说，“不，混合起来，” "No, no. Mix them up," Thomas said,
“我已经厌倦了州权利。” "I'm tired of States rights."
1863年12月2日中午，在华盛顿的国会大厦， At the capitol in Washington at noon on December 2, 1863,
一座19英尺高的“自由胜利”女神像最终吊装到位。 a 19-foot bronze goddess of "freedom triumphant" was at last hoisted into place.
大圆顶终于完工。 The great dome was finished.
“我喜欢站在一旁，久久仰望着圆顶。 "I like to stand aside and look a long, long while up at the dome.
心中感到莫名的欣慰。” It comforts me somehow."
沃尔特.惠特曼 Walt Whitman.
“1863年12月3日，营地。 "In camp, December 3, 1863.
“现在离圣诞节只有21天了。 "It is now just 21 days till Christmas.
“如果能回去和你一起过圣诞，我愿用任何东西来交换。 "I would give anything if I could be there to take Christmas with you.
“玛莎，如果你收到这封信，可能的话， "Martha, if you get this letter and have any chance,
“我希望你寄给我一床旧的羊毛被， "I wish you would send me an old woolen quilt,
因为我没领到过毯子，我们都没有，所以在寒夜里挨冻。” for I've not got any blankets, and we can't get any, so I fare bad of a cold night."
本杰明.富兰克林.杰克逊 Benjamin Franklin Jackson.
“1863年圣诞节。 "Christmas day, 1863.
“巴克纳将军看到一本北方佬的画报。 "General Buckner had seen a Yankee pictorial.
“天使从天堂下凡来搭救石墙杰克逊的灵魂。 "Angels were sent down from heaven to bear up Stonewall's soul.
“她们找不到他，飞了回去，很伤心。 "They could not find it, flew back, sorrowing.
“到达天上的金色大门时， "when they got to the golden gates above,
她们发现了石墙，于是作一次快速的侧翼机动， 截断了他的去路。” they found stonewall, by a rapid flank movement, had already cut his way in."
玛丽.切斯纳特 Mary Chesnut.
“这一年带来了很多 "This year has brought about many changes
“在年初被认为不可能的改变。 "that at the beginning would have been thought impossible.
“走完这一年我发现了自我，一个献身于自己种族事业的战士。 "The close of the year finds me a soldier for the cause of the my race.
“希望上帝保佑这项事业， "May god bless the cause
能让我在来年继续朝着它前进。” and enable me in the coming year to forward it on."
克里斯蒂安.弗利特伍德 Christian Fleetwood
那是一个非常虔诚的年代。 It was an extremely religious age.
两方都想与上帝同在。 Both sides wanted to get right with God.
约翰.布朗说他是上帝手中的工具， John Brown said he was an instrument in the hands of God
被带到哈珀斯费里解放奴隶，也许还开启了内战。 to bring him to Harpers Ferry to free the slaves and perhaps begin The Civil War.
亚伯拉罕.林肯最终也觉得，他是上帝手中的工具， Abraham Lincoln finally felt that he, too, was an instrument in the hand of god
斯蒂芬.奥兹 历史学家 亚伯拉罕.林肯最终也觉得，他是上帝手中的工具， Abraham Lincoln finally felt that he, too, was an instrument in the hand of god
斯蒂芬.奥兹 历史学家
上帝因为奴隶制的罪恶，惩罚这个国家。 and the God is punishing the country for the crime of slavery. 斯蒂芬.奥兹 历史学家
罗伯特.E.李说他是上帝手里的工具， Robert E. Lee said that he was an instrument in the hands of God 斯蒂芬.奥兹 历史学家
罗伯特.E.李说他是上帝手里的工具， Robert E. Lee said that he was an instrument in the hands of God
说葛底斯堡的一切都掌握在上帝手里， and said at Gettysburg that it's all in God's hands
然后就把他军队中的精华都引向毁灭。 and then sent the cream of his army to its doom.
他们真心觉得在战争中，是天意在起作用。 They really felt that providence was at work in this war.
正如林肯所说，“我们都祈祷同一个上帝。 As Lincoln said, "We both pray to the same god.
“我们都乞灵于他。我们都说站在他一边。” "We both invoked him. We both said we were on his side."
但天意直到1863年并未显现， 而是在战争结束时才真正变得明朗， But it wasn't until 1863, indeed at the end of the war, that it became clear
上帝的裁决从何而来——从整个国家中来。 where God's judgment was coming down--That was on the whole country.
现在必须用流血来赎罪，因为它是罪恶的同谋， 因为奴隶制的罪恶。 It must now atone in blood for its complicity in wickedness, the wickedness of slavery.
《自由的新生》
美国内战在1万多个地方发生过战斗—— The Civil War was fought in 10,000 places--
在大本德河谷、大桑迪山谷和大葵花河， at big bend, big sandy, and the big sunflower river,
从弗吉尼亚的邦克山、田纳西的蓝泉、伊利诺伊的凯罗， from Bunker Hill, West Virginia, and Blue Springs, Tennessee, and Cairo, Illinois,
到乔治亚的各各他教堂、肯塔基的基督堡， to Golgotha Church, Georgia, and Christianburg, Kentucky,
发生在西马伦河的柑橘岬，沿着牛皮滩， at Citrus Point on the Cimarron River, and along Cowskin Bottom,
在卵石溪、格洛丽塔隘口和葛底斯堡。 at Pebbly Run and la Glorieta pass and Gettysburg.
如果我可以从所有这些时刻中选择 I think if I had my choice of all the moments
在战争期间亲历现场，我想那会是 to be present at in that war period, it would be at Gettysburg
林肯发表演说之时的葛底斯堡， During Lincoln's delivery of his speech,
也许想亲眼见证他运用那些优美的语言， maybe to have seen him craft those beautiful words,
詹姆斯.赛明顿 前议员 也许想亲眼见证他运用那些优美的语言， maybe to have seen him craft those beautiful words,
詹姆斯.赛明顿 前议员
那些神奇的治愈词汇，然后传播出去。 those marvelous healing words, and then deliver them. 詹姆斯.赛明顿 前议员
那些神奇的治愈词汇，然后传播出去。 those marvelous healing words, and then deliver them.
这些话属于每个时代的每一个人。 They were for everyone for all time.
这些话归纳了整个战争，包含了一切。 They subsumed the entire war and all in it.
表现了他对每个人的关怀，他对人民的爱。 It showed his compassion for everyone, his love for his people.
我想要去的就是那里。 That's where I'd like to be.
12月19日，林肯前往葛底斯堡，主持新的联邦公墓落成仪式。 On November 19th, Lincoln traveled to Gettysburg to dedicate the new Union cemetery.
特邀演讲人是马萨诸塞的爱德华.埃弗里特， The featured speaker was Edward Everett of Massachusetts,
一位外交家、牧师和著名演讲家。 a diplomat, clergyman, and celebrated orator.
差不多是事后追加，总统被邀请 The president had been invited almost as an afterthought
发表一些“适当的评论”。 to offer a few "appropriate remarks."
埃弗里特演讲了不到2小时，然后林肯上台。 Everett spoke for not quite two hours, then Lincoln rose.
一位当地摄影师把时间都花在对焦上。 A local photographer took his time focusing.
心想总统大概还得说上一阵子， Presumably the President could be counted on to go on for a while,
但他只说了269个单词。 but he spoke just 269 words.
他一开始就提醒他的听众， He started off by reminding his audience that
这个国家建国才不过87年， just 87 years had passed since the founding of the nation,
然后他继续用最激动人心的话语， and then he went on to embolden the Union cause
为联邦的事业助威。 with some of the most stirring words ever spoken.
在摄影师打开快门之前，林肯正走回自己的座位。 Lincoln was heading back to his seat before the photographer could open the shutter.
他觉得他失败了，那是一次糟糕的演说， He felt that he had failed, that it was a poor speech,
人们不会喜欢。演说如此简短，不超过2分钟。 that the people didn't like it.It was so brief--less than two minutes.
他觉得他失败了。 He felt that he had failed.
他的朋友沃德.拉蒙，坐在看台上他的旁边。 Lamon--his friend, Ward Lamon--was sitting next to him on the stand.
当他坐下时，只有一点稀疏的掌声。 When he sat down, there was just a sprinkling of applause.
于是他说，“拉蒙，这个演说不灵光。” And he said, "Lamon, that speech won't scour."
这话就好比说，牧场上的一把犁，粘满泥巴还没脱落。 That's what you say about a plow in the prairies when the mud doesn't come off it.
“每一个美国人读到这愚蠢、直白、乏味的话语， "The cheek of every American must tingle with shame
“都应该觉得羞耻而面颊发烧。 "as he reads the silly, flat, dish-watery utterances
“说这番话的，就是我们不得不向聪明的外国人指出 "of the man who has to be pointed out to intelligent foreigners
身为合众国总统的那个人。” as the President of the United States."
《芝加哥时报》 Chicago Times.
“亲爱的总统先生， "Dear Mr. President
“如果我不自量力的认为自己能够 "I should be glad if I could flatter myself
在2小时内尽量表达出仪式的中心主题，就会很开心， that I came as near to the central idea of the occasion in two hours
而您在2分钟内就做到了。” as you did in two minutes."
爱德华.埃弗里特 Edward Everett.
“八十七年前， "Four score and seven years ago,
“我们的先辈在这个大陆上建立起一个新的共和国， "our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation,
它孕育于自由之中，奉行人人生而平等的原则。” conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal."
“现在我们参与的是一场意义重大的内战， "Now we are engaged in a great Civil War
“考验着这个国家或任何有相同理念的国家可否长存。 "testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure.
“我们在一次伟大战争的战场上相会。 "We are met here on a great battlefield of that war.
“我们在此供奉那片战场上的方寸之地， "We have come to dedicate a portion of it
“给那些为了国家长存献出他们生命的人们， "as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives
“作为他们最后的安息之所。 "that their nation might live.
这完全是理所应当的，我们应该这么做。” It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this."
“但更深层次而言，我们不能供奉、 "But in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate,
“不能崇拜、不能神圣化这片土地。 "we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground.
“曾经在此奋战的勇士们，活着或死去的， "The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here
“早已使其成为圣地，远非我辈卑微之力可以增减荣光。 "have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract.
“这个世界不会在意，也不会长久记住我们在此说过什么， "The world will little note nor long remember what we say here,
“但永远不会忘记他们在这里的事迹。 "but can never forget what they did here.
“对于我们这些还活着的人，更应献身于他们曾 "It is for us, the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work
“奋力推进而未完成的事业。 "which they have thus far so nobly carried on.
“我们更应献身于留给我们的伟大任务—— "It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us--
“从这些光荣先烈身上，我们要汲取更多对事业的忠诚， "that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause
“这事业他们已为之付出全部身心。 "for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion,
“在这里我们下定最大的决心，这些先烈不会白白牺牲， "that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain,
“在上帝的庇护下，这个国家应获得一个自由的新生， "that this nation, under god, shall have a new birth of freedom,
“这个民有、民治、民享的政府， "and that government of the people, by the people, for the people,
应当永存不朽。” shall not perish from the earth."
【hollyhoon原创翻译】
导演：肯.伯恩斯
♪♪我们在♪♪ ♪♪ we are ♪♪ 导演：肯.伯恩斯
♪♪我们在♪♪ ♪♪ we are ♪♪
♪♪攀登♪♪ ♪♪ climbing ♪♪
♪♪雅各的♪♪ ♪♪ Jacob's ♪♪
♪♪天梯♪♪ ♪♪ ladder ♪♪
♪♪我们在♪♪ ♪♪ we are ♪♪
♪♪攀登♪♪ ♪♪ climbing ♪♪
♪♪雅各的天梯♪♪ ♪♪ Jacob's ladder ♪♪
♪♪我们在攀登雅各的天梯♪♪ ♪♪ We are climbing Jacob's ladder ♪♪
♪♪十字架的战士♪♪ ♪♪ Soldiers of the cross ♪♪
♪♪每次♪♪ ♪♪ Every ♪♪
♪♪爬高♪♪ ♪♪ round goes ♪♪
♪♪一圈♪♪ ♪♪ higher ♪♪
♪♪每爬高一圈♪♪ ♪♪ Every rounds goes higher♪♪
♪♪十字架的战士♪♪ ♪♪ soldiers of the cross ♪♪
♪♪你是否♪♪ ♪♪ do you ♪♪
♪♪认为我会♪♪ ♪♪ think I'll ♪♪
♪♪成为一个基督的战士？♪♪ ♪♪ make a Christian soldier? ♪♪
♪♪你是否认为我会♪♪ ♪♪ do you think I'll ♪♪
♪♪成为战士，基督的战士？♪♪ ♪♪ make a soldier a christian soldier? ♪♪
♪♪你是否认为我会成为一个战士？♪♪ ♪♪do you think I'll make a soldier a soldier? ♪♪
♪♪十字架的战士？♪♪ ♪♪ soldier of the cross? ♪♪
♪♪向上♪♪ ♪♪ rise ♪♪
♪♪闪耀♪♪ ♪♪ shine ♪♪
♪♪把你的光荣献给上帝♪♪ ♪♪ give god your glory ♪♪
♪♪闪耀♪♪ ♪♪ shine ♪♪
♪♪把你的荣耀献给上帝♪♪ ♪♪ give god your glory shine ♪♪
♪♪把你的光荣♪♪ ♪♪ give god your glory ♪♪
♪♪十字架的战士♪♪ ♪♪ soldiers of the cross ♪♪
♪♪人们♪♪ ♪♪ people ♪♪
♪♪攀登♪♪ ♪♪ climbing ♪♪
♪♪我们定会成功♪♪ ♪♪ we will surely make it ♪♪