tutorial for aerodynamics of flight this 飞行空气动力学教程，本培训教程将讨论
training tutorial will discuss 飞行空气动力学教程，本培训教程将讨论
aerodynamics flight in order for a pilot 空气动力学飞行，以便飞行员在飞行中安全地执行操纵
to safely execute maneuvers in flight it 空气动力学飞行，以便飞行员在飞行中安全地执行操纵
is important to understand the 了解作用在飞机上的空气动力很重要
aerodynamic forces acting on an aircraft 了解作用在飞机上的空气动力很重要
in flight 在飞行中
the four forces acting on an aircraft in 四架部队在直线和水平不加速飞行中作用在飞机上
straight and level unaccelerated flight 四架部队在直线和水平不加速飞行中作用在飞机上
are thrust drag lift and weight thrust 是推力阻力提升和重量推力是由推力产生的前向力
is the forward force produced by the 是推力阻力提升和重量推力是由推力产生的前向力
powerplant 动力装置的螺旋桨或旋翼，与
propeller or rotor and is opposed by 动力装置的螺旋桨或旋翼，与
drag 阻力阻力是向后的减速力
drag is the rearward retarding force 阻力阻力是向后的减速力
caused by air that has been disrupted by 由机翼旋翼机身和其他部件扰乱的空气造成的
the wings rotor fuselage and other 由机翼旋翼机身和其他部件扰乱的空气造成的
protruding objects and opposes thrust 突出的物体并反对推力重量是
weight is the combined load of the 突出的物体并反对推力重量是
aircraft itself the crew the fuel and 飞机本身机组人员的燃料和货物或行李的重量拉
the cargo or baggage weight pulls the 飞机本身机组人员的燃料和货物或行李的重量拉
aircraft downward because of the force 飞机由于重力向下而受到升力的阻碍
of gravity and is opposed by lift lift 飞机由于重力向下而受到升力的阻碍
opposes the downward force of weight 反对举重的向下力是由空气流过
lift is produced by air flowing over the 反对举重的向下力是由空气流过
airfoil and acts perpendicular to the 机翼并垂直于通过升力中心的飞行路径起作用
flight path through the center of lift 机翼并垂直于通过升力中心的飞行路径起作用
in Strait level and unaccelerated flight 在海峡级别和不加速的飞行中，作用于
the sum of the forces acting on the 在海峡级别和不加速的飞行中，作用于
aircraft is zero this is for the most 飞机为零，这在爬升和下降过程中大部分都是正确的
part true during climb and descending 飞机为零，这在爬升和下降过程中大部分都是正确的
flight but things are a bit more 航班，但无论何时飞行路线，事情都会变得更加复杂
complicated anytime the flight path of 航班，但无论何时飞行路线，事情都会变得更加复杂
the aircraft is not horizontal lift 飞机不是水平提升重量，推力和阻力矢量必须分别
weight thrust and drag vectors must each 飞机不是水平提升重量，推力和阻力矢量必须分别
be broken down into two components for 被分解为两个部分，例如在滑行部分
example during a glide part of the 被分解为两个部分，例如在滑行部分
weight of the aircraft points forward 飞机的重量指向前方，因此可以作为推力或
and therefore acts as thrust or as the 飞机的重量指向前方，因此可以作为推力或
picture shows during a climb the weight 图片显示在攀爬过程中，重量可能会与举升和推力相反
can oppose lift and also thrust 图片显示在攀爬过程中，重量可能会与举升和推力相反
a pilot may hold an aircraft in straight 飞行员可以使飞机在许多不同的空中直飞和水平飞行
and level flight at many different air 飞行员可以使飞机在许多不同的空中直飞和水平飞行
speeds the pilot needs to coordinate the 飞行员将迎角与飞行速度协调所需的速度
angle of attack with the speed of the 飞行员将迎角与飞行速度协调所需的速度
aircraft for example if the plane is 例如，如果飞机以高速度飞行，则角度
flying at a high rate of speed the angle 例如，如果飞机以高速度飞行，则角度
of attack can be relatively low however 攻击的速度可能相对较低，但是如果速度较低，则
if the rate of speed is low then the 攻击的速度可能相对较低，但是如果速度较低，则
pilot must have a higher angle of attack 飞行员必须具有较高的迎角，这是由升力引起的
this is caused by the amount of lift 飞行员必须具有较高的迎角，这是由升力引起的
produced by the wings of the aircraft 由飞机机翼产生的攻角越高
the higher the angle of attack the more 由飞机机翼产生的攻角越高
lift is provided from the wing 如果飞行员可以保持较高的飞行角度，则可以从机翼提供升力
if a pilot can maintain a high angle of 如果飞行员可以保持较高的飞行角度，则可以从机翼提供升力
attack and a coordinated thrust level 攻击力和协调的推力水平，飞机可以直飞并水平
the aircraft can fly straight and level 攻击力和协调的推力水平，飞机可以直飞并水平
at low speeds level flight at even 在低速水平飞行时，甚至略微为负的攻角为
slightly negative angle of attack is 在低速水平飞行时，甚至略微为负的攻角为
possible at very high speed 可能以极高的速度
certain aircraft have the ability to 某些飞机有能力改变其推力方向
change their direction of thrust rather 某些飞机有能力改变其推力方向
than change their angle of attack such 而不是改变他们的攻击角度，例如左侧的Harrier Jump Jet和
as the Harrier Jump Jet on the left and 而不是改变他们的攻击角度，例如左侧的Harrier Jump Jet和
the osprey on the right these aircraft 这些飞机的右边的鱼鹰可以将他们的推力指向正上方
can point their thrust straight up 这些飞机的右边的鱼鹰可以将他们的推力指向正上方
without having to point their nose in 不必将他们的鼻子指向the式喷气机使用的那个方向
that direction the Harrier jet uses 不必将他们的鼻子指向the式喷气机使用的那个方向
vents to accomplish this and the Osprey 通风孔来完成此任务，鱼鹰可以旋转其螺旋桨以指向上方
can rotate its propellers to point up 通风孔来完成此任务，鱼鹰可以旋转其螺旋桨以指向上方
this allows each aircraft to hover over 这样一来，每架飞机都可以悬停在地面上或直飞并水平
the ground or fly straight and level 这样一来，每架飞机都可以悬停在地面上或直飞并水平
very slowly 非常缓慢地
drag is the force that resists movement 阻力是抵抗飞机在空中飞行的力。
of an aircraft through the air there are 阻力是抵抗飞机在空中飞行的力。
two basic types parasitic drag and 寄生阻力和感应阻力有两种基本类型，第一种称为
induced drag the first is called 寄生阻力和感应阻力有两种基本类型，第一种称为
parasite because it in no way functions 寄生虫，因为它在第二次诱因中没有任何作用来辅助飞行
to aid flight while the second induced 寄生虫，因为它在第二次诱因中没有任何作用来辅助飞行
drag is a result of an airfoil 阻力是机翼发展的结果，升力寄生虫阻力是任何
developing lift parasite drag is any 阻力是机翼发展的结果，升力寄生虫阻力是任何
drag that is not caused directly from 不是直接由产生升力的飞机引起的阻力就被破坏了
the aircraft producing lift it is broken 不是直接由产生升力的飞机引起的阻力就被破坏了
down into three categories form drag 分为三类：阻力阻力阻力和皮肤摩擦形式
interference drag and skin friction form 分为三类：阻力阻力阻力和皮肤摩擦形式
drag is a drag that is caused by things 阻力是由整流罩天线和天线等引起的阻力。
like the cowling antennas and the 阻力是由整流罩天线和天线等引起的阻力。
aerodynamic shape of other components 其他组件的空气动力学形状是气流重新结合的速度有多快
how quickly air flow rejoins itself is 其他组件的空气动力学形状是气流重新结合的速度有多快
determined by the shape of the object 由对象的形状决定，它随图片的流向
it's flowing around as the picture on 由对象的形状决定，它随图片的流向
the left shows the best way to reduce 左侧显示减少表格拖曳的最佳方法是简化尽可能多的
form drag is to streamline as many of 左侧显示减少表格拖曳的最佳方法是简化尽可能多的
the aircraft components as possible 飞机部件尽可能的干扰阻力来自
interference drag comes from the 飞机部件尽可能的干扰阻力来自
intersection of air streams that creates 产生涡流湍流或限制气流的交叉点
eddy currents turbulence or restricts 产生涡流湍流或限制气流的交叉点
smooth airflow for example the picture 平稳的气流，例如，右图显示了
on the right shows the intersection of 平稳的气流，例如，右图显示了
the wing and the fuselage at the wing 机翼和机翼根部的机身区域
root this area has significant 机翼和机翼根部的机身区域
interference drag air flowing around the 干扰拖曳机身周围的空气与气流碰撞
fuselage collides with air flowing over 干扰拖曳机身周围的空气与气流碰撞
the wing merging into a current of air 机翼合并成与两个原始气流不同的空气流
different from the two original currents 机翼合并成与两个原始气流不同的空气流
skin friction drag comes from the 皮肤摩擦阻力来自飞机表面
surface of the aircraft not being 皮肤摩擦阻力来自飞机表面
completely smooth even though a surface 完全光滑，即使表面看起来很光滑也有粗糙的参差不齐
may look smooth it has a rough ragged 完全光滑，即使表面看起来很光滑也有粗糙的参差不齐
surface when viewed under a microscope 在显微镜下观察时，这种不光滑的表面会导致任何
this non smooth surface causes any 在显微镜下观察时，这种不光滑的表面会导致任何
interruption in air flow and more drag 气流中断和更多阻力
induced drag is the second basic type of 当翼型在此处产生升力时，诱导阻力是阻力的第二种基本类型
drag when an airfoil produces lift there 当翼型在此处产生升力时，诱导阻力是阻力的第二种基本类型
is always drag this drag comes from 始终是阻力，当飞机处于
wingtip vortexes when the aircraft is 始终是阻力，当飞机处于
viewed from the tail these vortices 从尾部看，这些涡流绕着逆时针旋转。
circulate counterclockwise about the 从尾部看，这些涡流绕着逆时针旋转。
right tip and clockwise about the left 右尖和左尖沿顺时针方向牢记方向
tip bearing in mind the direction of 右尖和左尖沿顺时针方向牢记方向
rotation of these vortices it can be 这些涡旋的旋转可以看出，它们引起了涡流的向上流动。
seen that they induce an upward flow of 这些涡旋的旋转可以看出，它们引起了涡流的向上流动。
air beyond the tip and a down wash flow 尖端上方的空气和机翼后缘后面的向下冲洗气流
behind the wings trailing edge this 尖端上方的空气和机翼后缘后面的向下冲洗气流
induced down wash has nothing in common 诱导的向下冲洗与向下冲洗没有共同之处，而对于
with the down wash that is necessary to 诱导的向下冲洗与向下冲洗没有共同之处，而对于
produce lift it is in fact the source of 产生升力，实际上是诱发阻力的源头，将其向下冲刷到顶部
induced drag this down wash over the top 产生升力，实际上是诱发阻力的源头，将其向下冲刷到顶部
of the airfoil at the tip has the same 翼型的尖端与弯曲升力矢量具有相同的效果
effect as bending the lift vector 翼型的尖端与弯曲升力矢量具有相同的效果
rearward therefore the lift is slightly 向后，因此举升方向相对于相对位置略微垂直
aft of perpendicular to the relative 向后，因此举升方向相对于相对位置略微垂直
wind creating a rearward lift component 风产生向后的升力分量，这是感应阻力
this is induced drag 风产生向后的升力分量，这是感应阻力
drag is the price paid to obtain lift 阻力是获得升力所付出的价格，升阻比是
the lift to drag ratio is the amount of 阻力是获得升力所付出的价格，升阻比是
lift generated by a wing or airfoil 由机翼或机翼产生的升力与其阻力相比也同样重要
compared to its drag this also governs 由机翼或机翼产生的升力与其阻力相比也同样重要
the airfoils efficiency aircraft with 升阻比更高的机翼效率飞机越多
higher lift drag ratios are more 升阻比更高的机翼效率飞机越多
efficient than those with lower lift 比起较低的提升阻力比的效率高，提升阻力比为
drag ratios the lift drag ratio is 比起较低的提升阻力比的效率高，提升阻力比为
determined by dividing the lift 通过将举升部分除以阻力部分或以上确定
component by the drag component or above 通过将举升部分除以阻力部分或以上确定
by dividing the lift equation by the 用升力方程除以阻力方程L就是升力
drag equation L is the lift force and 用升力方程除以阻力方程L就是升力
pounds CL is the lift coefficient P is 磅CL是升力系数P是密度，单位为per /立方
density expressed in slugs per cubic 磅CL是升力系数P是密度，单位为per /立方
feet V is velocity in feet per second Q 英尺V是以英尺/秒为单位的速度Q是每平方英尺的动压，并且
is dynamic pressure per square feet and 英尺V是以英尺/秒为单位的速度Q是每平方英尺的动压，并且
s is the wing area in square feet on the s是图上左侧的机翼面积（平方英尺），升力曲线为红色
graph to the left the lift curve red s是图上左侧的机翼面积（平方英尺），升力曲线为红色
reaches its maximum for this particular 在20度角下达到此特定机翼部分的最大值
wing section at 20 degrees angle of 在20度角下达到此特定机翼部分的最大值
attack and then rapidly decreases 15 攻击，然后迅速降低15度的迎角，因此
degrees angle of attack is therefore the 攻击，然后迅速降低15度的迎角，因此
stalling angle the drag curve yellow 失速角阻力曲线黄色从14度非常迅速地增加
increases very rapidly from 14 degrees 失速角阻力曲线黄色从14度非常迅速地增加
angle of attack and completely overcomes 攻角并完全克服了21度角时的升力曲线
the lift curve at 21 degrees angle of 攻角并完全克服了21度角时的升力曲线
attack the lift drag ratio green reaches 攻击举升阻力比绿色在6度迎角达到最大值
its maximum at 6 degrees angle of attack 攻击举升阻力比绿色在6度迎角达到最大值
meaning that at this angle the most lift 意味着在此角度下，最大的升力以最小的阻力获得
is obtained for the least amount of drag 意味着在此角度下，最大的升力以最小的阻力获得
any angle of attack the aircraft 飞机在最大升力阻力以外的任何迎角下运行
operates at other than the lift drag max 飞机在最大升力阻力以外的任何迎角下运行
point will cause more drag therefore for 点将导致更多的阻力，因此以最小的阻力来举起
the least amount of drag to lift the 点将导致更多的阻力，因此以最小的阻力来举起
aircraft must fly with that angle of 飞机必须以那个迎角飞行
attack 飞机必须以那个迎角飞行
gravity is the pulling force that tends 重力是一种趋向于将所有物体拉到物体中心的拉力。
to draw all bodies to the center of the 重力是一种趋向于将所有物体拉到物体中心的拉力。
earth the center of gravity may be 地球的重心可被视为所有
considered as a point at which all the 地球的重心可被视为所有
weight of the aircraft is concentrated 如果将飞机支撑在其重量上，则飞机的重量将集中
if the aircraft were supported at its 如果将飞机支撑在其重量上，则飞机的重量将集中
exact center of gravity it would balance 精确的重心，它将在此重力作用下的任何姿态下保持平衡
in any attitude this weight force acts 精确的重心，它将在此重力作用下的任何姿态下保持平衡
downward through the airplane center of 在稳定水平飞行中通过飞机重心向下
gravity in stabilized level flight where 在稳定水平飞行中通过飞机重心向下
the lift force is equal to the weight 升力等于飞机在以下状态下的重力
force the aircraft is in a state of 升力等于飞机在以下状态下的重力
equilibrium and neither gains nor losses 平衡，既无高空也无高空
altitude 平衡，既无高空也无高空
if lift becomes less than weight the 如果升力小于重量，则当飞机升起时，飞机会失去高度
aircraft loses altitude when lift is 如果升力小于重量，则当飞机升起时，飞机会失去高度
greater than weight the aircraft gains 重量大于飞机的高度
altitude 重量大于飞机的高度
the pilot is able to control lift if the 如果向前或向后拉控制叉，飞行员就可以控制升力
control yoke is pushed forward or pulled 如果向前或向后拉控制叉，飞行员就可以控制升力
back the angle of attack changes and 后退迎角改变，因此升程量随
therefore the amount of lift changes as 后退迎角改变，因此升程量随
well for an aircraft to continue to 飞机继续产生升力的良好条件，飞机的机翼必须
produce lift the aircraft airfoil must 飞机继续产生升力的良好条件，飞机的机翼必须
be continually attacking new air on 不断攻击直升机上的新空中，这是通过
helicopters this is accomplished by the 不断攻击直升机上的新空中，这是通过
rotating blades in a fixed-wing airplane 通过固定翼飞机上的旋转叶片来实现
this is accomplished by the airflow over 通过固定翼飞机上的旋转叶片来实现
the wing the lift provided from the wing 从机翼提供的升力与机翼的平方成正比
is proportional to the square of the 从机翼提供的升力与机翼的平方成正比
aircraft's velocity lift and drag also 飞机的速度升力和阻力也直接随飞行器的密度而变化。
vary directly with the density of the 飞机的速度升力和阻力也直接随飞行器的密度而变化。
air density is affected by several 空气密度受多种因素的影响，压力温度和
factors pressure temperature and 空气密度受多种因素的影响，压力温度和
humidity at an altitude of 18,000 feet 海拔18,000英尺的空气湿度为空气密度的1/2
the density of the air has 1/2 the 海拔18,000英尺的空气湿度为空气密度的1/2
density of air at sea level in order to 为了保持海拔高度而保持海平面空气密度
maintain its lift at a higher altitude 为了保持海拔高度而保持海平面空气密度
an aircraft must fly at a greater true 飞机在任何给定的迎角下都必须以更大的真实空速飞行
airspeed for any given angle of attack 飞机在任何给定的迎角下都必须以更大的真实空速飞行
warm air is less dense than cool air and 温暖的空气不如冷空气致密，潮湿的空气不如干燥空气致密
moist air is less dense than dry air 温暖的空气不如冷空气致密，潮湿的空气不如干燥空气致密
lift varies directly with the wing area 如果机翼的比例相同，则升力随机翼面积直接变化
if the wings have the same proportion 如果机翼的比例相同，则升力随机翼面积直接变化
and airfoil sections a wing with an area 机翼和机翼截面积为200平方英尺的机翼
of 200 square feet 机翼和机翼截面积为200平方英尺的机翼
lifts twice as much at the same angle of 在相同的迎角下升起面积为100的机翼的两倍
attack as a wing with an area of 100 在相同的迎角下升起面积为100的机翼的两倍
square feet for most situations the 在大多数情况下，飞行员控制升力和速度
pilot controls lift and velocity to 在大多数情况下，飞行员控制升力和速度
maneuver an aircraft 操纵飞机
as stated previously wingtip vortices 如前所述，当低于
are caused when the high pressure below 如前所述，当低于
the wing attempts to rejoin the 机翼试图重新结合翼尖周围的低压空气
low-pressure air around the wingtip 机翼试图重新结合翼尖周围的低压空气
causing a downward and outward vortex 导致向下和向外的涡旋上面的图片更加详细
the above picture is a more detailed 导致向下和向外的涡旋上面的图片更加详细
diagram of how this process looks on a 该过程在机翼较重和较慢的机翼上的外观示意图
wing the heavier and slower the aircraft 该过程在机翼较重和较慢的机翼上的外观示意图
the greater the angle of attack and the 攻角越大，翼尖涡旋翼尖越强
stronger the wingtip vortices wingtip 攻角越大，翼尖涡旋翼尖越强
vortices lead to a potentially hazardous 涡流导致潜在的危险状况，称为尾流
condition called wake turbulence 涡流导致潜在的危险状况，称为尾流
to avoid wake turbulence avoid flying 为了避免尾流湍流，避免在另一架飞机的飞行路径中飞行
through another aircraft's flight path 为了避免尾流湍流，避免在另一架飞机的飞行路径中飞行
rotate prior to the point at which the 旋转时，在前一架飞机旋转的点之前旋转
preceding aircraft rotated when taking 旋转时，在前一架飞机旋转的点之前旋转
off behind another aircraft avoid 在另一架飞机后面躲避，避免跟随另一架类似飞机
following another aircraft on a similar 在另一架飞机后面躲避，避免跟随另一架类似飞机
flight path at an altitude within a 一千英尺以内的高度并接近跑道的飞行路径
thousand feet and approach the runway 一千英尺以内的高度并接近跑道的飞行路径
above a preceding aircraft's path when 当降落在另一架飞机的后面时，在前一架飞机的路径上方
landing behind another aircraft and 当降落在另一架飞机的后面时，在前一架飞机的路径上方
finally touchdown after the point at 终于在其他飞机飞过的点之后着陆
which the other aircrafts wheels 终于在其他飞机飞过的点之后着陆
contacted the runway a hovering 接触跑道时，一架悬停的直升机从其跑道上产生了下冲
helicopter generates a downwash from its 接触跑道时，一架悬停的直升机从其跑道上产生了下冲
main rotors similar to the vortices of 主旋翼类似于小型飞机的飞行员的旋涡
an airplane pilots of small aircraft 主旋翼类似于小型飞机的飞行员的旋涡
should avoid a hovering helicopter by at 应避免将旋翼直升机盘旋直径至少为三个
least three rotor disk diameters to 应避免将旋翼直升机盘旋直径至少为三个
avoid the effects of this downwash wind 避免这种下吹风的影响也是一个重要的考虑因素，当
is also an important consideration when 避免这种下吹风的影响也是一个重要的考虑因素，当
dealing with wake turbulence because it 处理尾流，因为它可以绕过尾流
can push around wake turbulence for 处理尾流，因为它可以绕过尾流
example if there's a ten knot wind it 例如，如果有十节风，它将推动尾流湍流
will push the wake turbulence in the 例如，如果有十节风，它将推动尾流湍流
direction of the wind at a rate of 1,000 如果出现问题，则以每分钟1,000英尺的速度风向
feet per minute if this is a problem 如果出现问题，则以每分钟1,000英尺的速度风向
pilots may also wait approximately three 飞行员还可能需要等待大约三分钟，才能消散尾流
minutes for the wake to dissipate 飞行员还可能需要等待大约三分钟，才能消散尾流
ground effect is a phenomenon that 地面效应是一种使飞机的飞行速度慢于地面的现象
allows an aircraft to fly slower than 地面效应是一种使飞机的飞行速度慢于地面的现象
normal a few feet from the ground when 当飞行中的飞机进入地面时，通常离地面只有几英尺远
an aircraft in flight comes within 当飞行中的飞机进入地面时，通常离地面只有几英尺远
several feet of the surface ground or 地面或水的几英尺处发生了变化
water a change occurs in the 地面或水的几英尺处发生了变化
three-dimensional flow pattern around 飞机周围的三维流动模式，因为垂直
the aircraft because the vertical 飞机周围的三维流动模式，因为垂直
component of the air flow around the 机翼周围气流的分量受表面限制
wing is restricted by the surface this 机翼周围气流的分量受表面限制
alters the aerodynamics of the wing 改变机翼的空气动力学，主要是机身和尾翼表面
mainly the fuselage and tail surfaces 改变机翼的空气动力学，主要是机身和尾翼表面
are also affected but ground effect 也受到影响，但地面效应主要由空气动力学组成
mainly consists of the aerodynamic 也受到影响，但地面效应主要由空气动力学组成
characteristics of the wing the 机翼的特性归因于翼尖涡旋的减少
reduction of the wingtip vortices due to 机翼的特性归因于翼尖涡旋的减少
ground effect alters the lift 地面效应会改变机翼的升力分布并降低机翼的
distribution of the wing and reduces the 地面效应会改变机翼的升力分布并降低机翼的
induced angle of attack and induced drag 诱导的迎角和诱导的阻力，因此机翼将需要较低的
therefore the wing will require a lower 诱导的迎角和诱导的阻力，因此机翼将需要较低的
angle of attack in ground effect to 地面的攻角产生相同的升力减少
produce the same lift the reduction of 地面的攻角产生相同的升力减少
induced drag due to ground effect means 地面效应引起的感应阻力意味着飞行一架飞机所需的动力更少
that less power is required to flight a 地面效应引起的感应阻力意味着飞行一架飞机所需的动力更少
certain speed 在大多数情况下，一定速度会产生地面效应
most of the time ground effect will 在大多数情况下，一定速度会产生地面效应
produce a higher pressure at the static 在静态源处产生更高的压力，并且指示的空速将
source and the indicated airspeed will 在静态源处产生更高的压力，并且指示的空速将
be lower than normally required 低于正常要求
when an aircraft is taking off the 当飞机起飞时，降落是从降落
reverse happens from landing the 当飞机起飞时，降落是从降落
aircraft taking off will require an 飞机起飞将需要增加迎角以保持
increase in angle of attack to maintain 飞机起飞将需要增加迎角以保持
the same lift experienced an increase in 同一升力会导致所需的感应阻力和推力增加
induced drag and thrust required 同一升力会导致所需的感应阻力和推力增加
experience a decrease in stability and a 体验稳定性下降，瞬间和体验急剧变化
nose up change in moment and experience 体验稳定性下降，瞬间和体验急剧变化
a reduction in static source pressure 减少静态源压并增加指示空速
and increase in indicated airspeed this 减少静态源压并增加指示空速
is something to consider on takeoff 是起飞时要考虑的事情，因为这可能意味着飞行员试图
because it could mean a pilot attempting 是起飞时要考虑的事情，因为这可能意味着飞行员试图
to take off will feel like the aircraft 起飞的感觉就像飞机可以在起飞前升空
can lift off the ground prior to the 起飞的感觉就像飞机可以在起飞前升空
recommended takeoff speed as shown above 建议的起飞速度，如上图所示，这可能会导致飞机性能下降
this could cause the plane to have poor 建议的起飞速度，如上图所示，这可能会导致飞机性能下降
initial climb performance and also in 初始爬升性能，在极端情况下还会阻止飞机坠落
extreme cases prevent the aircraft from 初始爬升性能，在极端情况下还会阻止飞机坠落
becoming airborne entirely 完全空降
axes of an aircraft will be covered more 飞行控制一章将更深入地介绍飞机的轴
in depth in the flight controls chapter 飞行控制一章将更深入地介绍飞机的轴
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