Hello, everyone!
Last time we had
a detailed analysis
of the key changes in the text.
This time we’ll discuss
the important points related
to vocabulary and grammar.
First, we’ll talk about
the different use
of the words
which have the similar meaning
or similar spelling.
We’ll talk about
the difference between
a pair of words
or among a group of words.
Here I have three groups of words.
The first group is
“inheritance and heritage”.
The second group is
“shrink, shrivel (up)
and contract”.
The third group is
“extend, increase and expand”.
The three groups
of words are here.
My question is
“Do you know the difference
among them?
Can you use them properly?
Now let’s see whether students
can differentiate them
and can use them properly or not.
Now we’ll analyze
the difference
of the three groups
of words in detail.
The first group
“inheritance and heritage”
both means “遗产” in Chinese.
But they are used
in different contexts.
Inheritance usually
refers to money or property
which you receive
from someone who has died.
Heritage is a big word
which can be used
to describe all the
traditions/cultures/features
of life,
etc that have continued for
many years and have been passed on
from one generation to another.
More examples:
If we want to say “遗产税”，
we will choose inheritance
and say “inheritance tax”.
Similarly, we use
“genetic inheritance”
to express “基因遗传”.
But if we want to express
“世界文化遗产”，
we choose “heritage”
and say
“world cultural heritage”.
In the same way,
we use national heritage
to express “国粹”.
The second group is three verbs
----“shrink, shrivel (up)
and contract”.
The three verbs all means
“get smaller”.
Although in Chinese
they mean “缩小”，
they are also used
in different contexts in English.
“Shrink” usually refers to
clothes getting smaller.
“Contract” refers to
metal or muscles
getting smaller or tighter.
“Shrivel up” refers to
fruit or skin
getting smaller or dried.
For example
Washing wool in hot water will shrink it.
It means
在热水中洗毛织品会使其缩水
The leaves started to shrivel up.
It means
叶子开始枯萎
Metal expands with heat
and contracts with cold.
It means
金属热胀冷缩
Then let's come to the third group.
The third group is
“extend, increase and expand”
all means “扩大” in Chinese.
But they are used differently.
“Extend” means
getting longer in space
and usually in one direction.
“Increase” means
getting more in number.
“Expand” means
getting larger in space
in all directions.
We can find
the difference among them
through the rough
drawing the power point.
More examples are:
The first example:
The company has
decided to increase its sales
by ten per cent next year.
The second example:
The owner of the restaurant
is going to extend
the kitchen by ten feet this year.
The third example:
The metal will expand if heated.
Next we’ll come to the
one important grammar phenomenon
in unit 1.
That is about the uses
of the conjunction while.
As we know,
the conjunction while
is used
in the different senses.
It can be used in the following
four categories of senses.
1. Firstly, the conjunction while
is used to mean
“during the time
that sth is happening.
2. Secondly, the conjunction while
is used to mean
“at the same time
as sth is happening.
3. Thirdly, the conjunction while
is used
to mean “as long as”.
4. Fourthly, the conjunction while
is used to
contrast two things.
Here I have four examples
for you to decide
what the conjunction while means.
The first example:
1. While students are
going through an identity crisis,
they are becoming independent
from their parents yet
are probably still
dependent on them.
In paragraph 3
The second example:
2. …while my world was expanding
and new options
were opening for me,
my father … was seeing his world
shrink and his options narrow.
In paragraph 6
The third example:
3. While you’re at college,
take advantage of any opportunity
coming your way.
The fourth example:
4. While there’s life,
there’s hope.
Analyzing the
four examples carefully,
it is found that
Ok, today we analyze
the first part of the article.
Thank you for your attention.
And you can refer to
Next time we’ll go on analyze
the attached materials for reference.
the body part of the article.