B B,
大家好 感谢加入我们的可持续发展女性网络 Hello everyone and thanks for joining us for the SEG women's network,
在线课程系列 Webinar series.
如果这是你第一次参加我们的在线课程 If this is your first time joining us for the webinars,
非常感谢你的培训 thank you so much for for training,
请务必寻找未来的在线课程 and please be sure to look for a future webinars.
这个夏天我们取得了很多成功 and we've had a lot of success over the summer,
所以我真的很高兴我们的社区利用我们已经做过的一些很棒的演讲这是一个非常棒的演讲来自独特精确博士她将在整个演讲中介绍投资岩石物理分析的数据 so I'm really glad that our communities and taking advantage of some of these great presentations that we've had and it was an exceptionally have a great presentation today from Dr uniquely precise and she's going to be presenting on investing in data for rock physics analysis throughout the presentation.
我们欢迎您使用聊天工具 You are welcome to use the chat.
但首选的方法是使用在底部的问答按键 But the preferred method is to use the QandA button at the bottom,
在屏幕的底部 so，at the bottom of your screen,
今晚有个小图标 there's a little icon for QandA.
请把你阿姨的问题也提出来 Please put your aunt your questions in there.
如果是相关的 And if they're pertinent to,
演示将能够暂停 并立即回答这些问题 the presentation will be able to take a pause and and answer those questions immediately.
但对大多数人来说 But for a majority,
有意义的问题会在演讲的最后提出 questions meaningful will be taking those at the end of the presentation,
所以请使用市立大学的功能 吉尔也会分享一些数据的链接 So please use the QandA function and she will also be sharing a link to some data,
在幻灯片中 which will be in a slide.
但我也会把它写在这篇演讲中一定要用到它 But I'll also put it in the chat bar and be sure to to use that throughout this presentation,
我想感谢ShelleyOakley 感谢他们帮助组织这个夏天的网络研讨会 and I want to thank Shelley Oakley and MIng Wang for their help in organizing the webinars this summer,
我们非常感谢Svg的支持 and we were really appreciate the support of SEG.
闲话少说 and so without further ado,
Manika Prasad博士 Dr,Manika Prasad
非常感谢今天的演讲 thanks so much for presenting today.
非常感谢 Thank you very much,
珍妮 Jenny.
谢谢大家 欢迎大家 Thank you and welcome everyone.
我叫monicaPrison My name is Monika Prison.
我是科罗拉多的地球物理学教授 I'm a professor of Geophysics at Colorado.
矿业学院已经在这里工作了大约15年 School of Mines have been here for about her about fifteen years,
我的主要爱好是丢脸的石头 and my main hobby is disgraced rocks,
它会是这样 and so it would be.
我们今天要做的就是研究我们想要的数据 We'll do today is we would look at data we want.
我们将准备数据用于物理分析 We will be preparing data such that we can use them for physics analysis,
我们从对数数据开始 and so we'll start with taking just a log data,
因为我们心里没有一个特别的目标 because we have no particular a goal in mind.
人们希望清理数据 People look to clean up data,
这就是我们将要讨论的 so this is what we'll be talking about.
如何清理数据 How do you clean up your data?
具体地说 Specifically,
我们讨论 we're talking about.
这样的数据 Data like this,
这些是我们将要使用的数据 these are the data we will be using.
这是来自狼溪的 This is from Wolf Creek.
在阿拉斯加 In Alaska.
下面是数据R的链接你们看到的是PV速度 The link to the data R is given below and what you're looking at is PV velocity.
作为孔隙度的函数 as a function of porosity.
颜色编码在左手边 Color codes are kept on the left hand,
右边是伽马射线 side and gamma ray on the right hand side,
我们要做的就是找出数据库创建的原因 and so what we will want to do is to try and figure out what causes the database creation.
我们如何建立一个模型 How do we build a model?
我们如何理解这些类型的数据的岩石物理 How do we understand the rock physics of these types of data?
最后 At the end,
希望我们能有个DNA测试的时间 hopefully we'll have a time for DNA.
无论如何 anyway.
我也有密码给你 I also have a code for you.
如果你愿意 If you are willing,
如果你刚开始学习 if you are in the beginning of your learning process,
你想开始这样做 you want to start doing this.
工作 work.
我不喜欢的Mac实验室外套很高兴他让我穿上 The Mac lab coats that I didn't like glad he made available.
我想C和D城市的W有分享网站 这样我们就可以发布给python和MattLabcoats I think the W in C and D city have sharing sites so that we can post to both python as well as Matt Lab coats.
所以 So,
从这开始 starting with this,
我们的主要问题通常是我们如何开发模型 the main question that we have is usually how do we develop models?
我知道你会在文献中发现很多关于什么是最适合使用的模型的讨论 I know you will find in the literature a lot of discussion on what is the most appropriate model to use.
我们如何建立它 How do we build that?
等等 and so on?
在你赚到钱之前 Before you build any money.
我们需要减少丑闻 We need to reduce scandal.
你是否将数据分散了这意味着我们需要消除数据 Did you scattered in the data and what that means is we need to eliminate data?
所以我知道我们都长大了 So I know that we all grew up.
同样的数据不是很有价值 The same data aren't very valuable.
你可以有20个数据 You can have twenty data away,
我们要做的是 what we'll be doing its wheels up,
选择数据组 selecting groups of data,
我们根据不确定的理解来选择他们 在我们看到绝对的数据后 我们将进入并发展一个模型 we sub selecting them based on uncertain understandings that we have after we saw absolute the data we will go in and develop a model.
工作人员将把所有的数据带到木头上 看看这个模型是单独工作 还是可能是一个模型家族 The men will bring in the wood all the data and see whether the model works alone or it might be a family of models.
这就是我们在星际中要做的事情 And so that's what we will be working on through the stars.
我们如何开发模型 How do we develop models?
范围是说我们一直使用数据来创建简单的关系作为初始值 And so the scope is to say that we used data all the time to create simple relations as an initial.
相反 Instead,
这是 this is,
第一步是尝试分析是什么控制了地震速度 the initial step is a road into trying to analyze what control seismic velocities.
在这之前 So before we do that,
我们想要减少并分散在面包师 we want to reduce and scattered in the baker.
我认为这是不恰当的我们的数据中有很多杂乱的东西 And I call this unflattering There's a lot of clutter in our data.
我们需要移除不需要的东西来保留需要的东西 we need to remove what is not needed to keep what is needed.
再一次 Again,
链接到我们这里使用的数据这些都是来自阿拉斯加州的数据 the link to the data that we use here these are all the way data from the State of Alaska.
你要找的是狼溪四号 You will be looking for a Wolf Creek number four.
我们用的就是这个 That's the one that we're using,
但很明显 你可以把它用在你看到的任何其他地方 but obviously you could use it for any other one that you're looking at.
现在等待 Now wait,
我们该怎么做呢 how do we do this?
但是我们通常会看到什么呢 But what do we see normally this?
这些是您看到的数据类型 these are the types of data that you see.
我们有国会 we have congressional,
速度是孔隙度的函数左边是一个井右边是另一个井 with velocity as a function of porosity in both the plots on the left hand side for one well on the right hand side for another way.
颜色代码是通过总数 The color code is through total,
这表明了上面的粘土含量 which indicates how much of clay content on top of that,
较大的圆或实验室数据 the larger circles or laboratory data.
所以当我们看这些数据时 And so when we look at these data,
我们试着弄清楚 we be try and figure out.
我们如何将实验室数据与我们的日志数据联系起来 原因是什么 How do we relate laboratory data to the log data that we have and what causes?
即使只看速度数据的一个子集 Even if you look at a subset of the velocity data,
我们发现有很大的区别 we find that there is a large difference.
我把指针换成激光 Let me just change my pointer to a laser.
我们看到这里的数据和黄色的数据有很大的不同 We see that there is a large difference whether we have these segments of data here or these ones in yellow.
这些都被治愈了 All these ones are cured.
在孔隙度很小的范围内 速度变化大约是每秒2到2 5千米 The velocity variation for a very narrow range in porosity is about two to two and a half kilometers per second.
这是一个非常 And that's a very,
非常大的区别 very large difference.
我们想要做的是试着理解我们想要在沃尔夫溪的数字中达到这个阶段的不同你想要能够说这些高速是因为白云石的歌声 What we want to do is trying to understand what the differences we want to get to this stage with our Wolf Creek number for where you want to be able to say that these high velocities are because of dolomite songs.
较低的速度在这里 在这种情况下 因为有几个晚上 The lower velocity is here in this case r it because there are several nights.
这些不同的病理非常丰富 The different pathology these are quite rich,
因此 它们比白云岩到达区和过渡区具有更大的引诱速度 so they have more allure velocity than the dolomite reach regions and the transition zone.
这是一种判决纠纷 Is this sort of verdict tangle that's given out here.
与此同时 And together with that,
然后我们可以查看其他数据 we can then going and looking at other data.
在这种情况下 in this case,
这些是核磁性的基督徒 我们可以开始评估这些我们不会看动物的数据 these are nuclear magnetic Christian and stayed up and we can start to evaluate those we will not be looking at the animal data.
我们将只关注清理我们的速度数据 我们将有更大的基础 We will only look at cleaning up our velocity data and we will have greater than a basic.
一个三重刚果 A triple Congo,
锁的地方 where locks.
这才是我们想要的 This is where we want to be.
这是来自北海的 This is from the North Sea.
速度和孔隙度用粘土含量表示 We have velocity and porosity again color coded by clay content.
我们希望能够再次认识到这个节日的选择 We want to be able to recognize again this holiday options.
这是两条不同的链 These are two different chains,
一个小小的逻辑边界 one little logical formation boundaries,
我们可以看到 一个信息的速度孔隙度与另一个信息的速度孔隙度有很大的不同 and we see that there is so much different velocity porosity relation for one of the informations as compared to another one,
有更多乳沟 which is more cleavage.
所以当我们开始研究沃尔夫克里克的数据时 And so when we start looking at a Wolf Creek data,
我们希望能够找到这些关系 we want to be able to find these relationships.
所以你会发现这些关系是存在的 So what you will find is that the relationships are there,
但它们被上面的其他数据掩盖了 but they're obscured by all the other data that exists on top of them,
所以我们今天会回过头来研究这项工作 and so we will go back and go in this work now today.
把我们关系上的大量数据层层拆解 peeled back clear by layer amounts of data that lie on top of our relationship,
就像你在这里看到的 as you see over here.
这是另一个出发的信息 我们有我们的充分的新闻 This is another set off for the information that we have for our full of news.
我们有一系列的沙尘暴 We have series of sandstorms.
这些是她用手和纸测量的沙尘暴 These are the sandstorms that were measured by the her hand and paper.
所有的数据都是公开的 All the data are publicly available.
从家里来的甜点 Desserts from home in one thousand,
996 你看到的是蓝色的阴影 nine hundred ninety six and what you see is the shades of blue show you.
剃须的增加是深蓝色的 An increase in shaving is the darker blues,
教练的沙暴与浅蓝色过渡到雪莱越来越Chevalier沙暴 the trainer sandstorms with a lighter blues transitioning into Shelley increasingly Chevalier sandstorms.
我们可以看到 对于任何给定的凶猛程度 And we see that for any given ferocity,
随着股票数量的增加 流通速度往往会降低 velocity tends to reduce as you increase the amount of shares.
这些数据有助于我们 因为我们可以把日期 These data help us because we can put on the date.
最重要的是 On top of that.
那是蓝色的Dateout that's the blue Date out.
编辑器 Editor.
红色数据用于绘制点和黑色数据点 Red color data for plotting points and the black color data points.
然后我们说 and then we going and say,
好的 OK.
一些其他的数据或者未知的数据 Some of the other data or unknown data in this case,
蓝色和死的黑点 the blue and the dead black dots.
其中一些位于两个废弃的砂岩数据之上 我们知道控制中心是关于砂岩的 some of them lie on top of two annulled the sandstone data that we know the Control's about,
而其中的一些并不在这些数据之外 and some of them don't lie outside Of those data.
所以我们可以算出当我们做这种工作的时候 And so we were able to figure out when we are doing this sort of work.
是什么导致这些数据变化无常 但并不与太阳风暴的趋势相同 What causes these data to be variable but not lie in the same trend as the sun stampede.
这就是我们今天的探索 And so this is going to be a kind of quest for today.
我们将把两种不同的数据集类型隔离到不同的数据训练中 We will be looking to isolate two different datasets types to different data trains,
或者不超过两个 or no more than two,
也许我们可以找到尽可能多的趋势数据 perhaps as many data of trends as we can find.
狼溪的号码 in the Wolf Creek number,
四 four.
最终 Ultimately,
我们想用一些模型线来画它 we want to be plotting it with some sort of model lines.
在这种情况下 In this case,
有来自不同地点的砂岩数据 there are sandstone data from various locations.
我们有三个不同的模型线 We have three different model lines,
因为我们已经发现了数据的某些方面给了我们做这些线的理由 because we have uncovered some certain aspects of the data that give us a justification for making those lines.
我们可以适应大多数模型 We could fit most models.
大多数数据 To most data.
所以在现实名词中 So within realistic nouns,
所以我们面临的挑战是现存的众多模型 and so our challenge becomes of the multitude of models that exist,
应该选择哪一个 which one should be selected.
选择他们的理由是什么 what is over justification for selecting them?
至少 In the very least,
我们可以加上bounce we can add them bounce.
这是一个安静的斯特里克林束缚 This is a hushing stricklin bound,
这是下界 it's a lower bound,
它只是所有矿物成分的加权平均值 and it is simply a weighted average of all of the mineral constituents.
我要带 I'll take.
这两条线是胶结线 These two lines are cemented lines.
有一些水泥 there are some amounts of cement.
我们在这里获得了水泥线 黄色的放置线和我们画的原因 we have acquired cement line out here and the placement line in in yellow and the reason we really we have drawn.
这是因为我们对你想要匹配的数据有了更多的理解 That is because we understand a little bit more about the data that you're trying to fit.
我们知道来自可能领域的黄色数据点是粘土 We know that the yellow colored data points from the possible field are clay.
水泥 cement.
沙尘暴是一种胶结不良的砂岩 Sandstorms were poorly cemented sandstones.
所以我们使用游戏线 and so we use a play line.
两个建模 Two modeled.
我们也知道这些数据来自于一个固定的部分 We also know that the these data here are from a quite cemented a segment.
我们用另一种水泥 And so we take another type of cement,
我们不知道他们有多少水泥 and we don't know how much of cement they have.
模型线告诉我们可能每年有10%的粘土水泥 The model lines tell us possible that there might be ten percent clay cement year,
或者百分之五造成了一些在这里 or five per cent caused some in here,
这就是模板的作用 so that's where the template comes in.
一旦我们知道在这些类型的储层中存在胶结作用 Once we know that we have put cementation in these types of reservoir,
我们会用不同数量的水泥画多条线 we would draw multiple quarrelsome and lines with variable amounts of cement,
从0到10 starting from zero up to ten,
百分之二十到三十的高峰 twenty thirty percent summit,
然后我们会在完全知道没有其他事情发生的前提下 and and then we will drop with it on top of an knowing fully well that there is nothing else going on,
除了它是一种突变 except for it's a mutation.
这就是我们要做的序言 And that's the preamble that we need to do.
这就是我们整理数据所需要做的工作量 That's the amount of work we need to do to declutter the data,
除去所有其他的信仰并确定我们可以使用法庭传讯的原因是因为所有其他的原因都被排除了 to remove every other faith and to be certain that the reason we can use a court summons line is because every other reason has been taken out.
数据库中唯一的变量 The only variable that is going on in the database.
云是环境卫生的一种变化 a cloud is a change in the amount of sanitation.
那么我们最大的动机是什么呢 So what are the most motivations that we have?
我们要处理的是什么 and we will be dealing with?
孔隙度 速度 Velocity porosity,
模型 models.
我就知道你能找到女人 I knew you find women.
许多旧的岩石物理模型都是基于速度和速度交会图的 A lot of old rock physics models are based on velocity and the velocity cross plots.
很多人不公正地称我们为交叉浮动组因为我们喜欢看这些类型的图因为它们给了我们一个很好的理解数据类型的方法 Many people very unfairly call us the cross floating group because we love to look at those types of plots because they gave us a very nice and are a way to understand the types of data.
现在我们来看一些简单的例子来说明为什么我们期望在这里看到良好的关系 Now we will look at simple examples to say why do we expect to see a good relationship here?
是的 Yeah.
孔隙度速度的关系 Porosity velocity relations,
工作得相当好 当它们工作时 会研究不同的案例 work fairly well and will look into different cases when they work,
当它们不起作用时它们是如何起作用的 and when they don't work so how they intend to work,
因为模拟矿物模块比浮动模块大得多 because the mock mineral modules is much much larger than float modules.
如果你看她的所有模块她的模块 So if you look at her all both modules she modules.
这里是石英 Here we have quartz,
方解石 calcite,
橄榄石和什么麦片相比较 Olivine and compared that to what will we have cereal?
她想让我们指eke She wanted us to point to eke.
一个帕斯卡调制相当于200帕斯卡调制 A Pascal Modulates is compared two hundred,
三十 thirty,
七十年 seventy,
七二十七 seven and twenty seven,
全球定位系统(GPS) a GPS.
这是一个非常大的区别 And that's a very large difference.
所以即使我们不知道这个小知识是什么 And so even if we don't know what the little knowledge is,
如果我们不知道矿物学是什么 if we don't know what the mineralogy is,
我们可以画出速度孔隙度 we can draw of velocity porosity,
情节 plot.
这就给了我们一个广阔的 分散的 Which would give us a broad with large scattered,
这就给了我们一种速度和孔隙度的关系 which would give us a sort of the relationship between velocity and porosity.
如果效果更好就结束 And so end if this works even better.
如果矿物学没有改变 if mineralogy doesnt change,
如果你只有 if you only have,
这导致一些风暴比速度-孔隙度关系将工作得很好 this caused some storms than the velocity porosity relation will work very well.
这比我们有无数的光 风沙 白蚁和沙尘暴的混合物要好得多 Much better than if we had a mixture of countless lights and other wind sand and termites with with sandstorms.
所以当我们在这个范围内 And so when we stay within this,
一个简单的矿物学 我们的极限比我们的模型往往工作得相当好 a simple mineralogy our limits than our models tend to work fairly well.
我们来看看这是一个来自北海的很好的例子发表于1999年 So let's examine that this is a very nice example from the North Sea are published in nineteen ninety nine,
但恐惧让他的同事们感到不安 but fear upsetting his colleagues.
孔隙度 They have porosity,
速度和代表 velocity and behalf.
我希望你忽略常量水泥线 I'd like you to ignore the constants cement line,
因为我们还没有建立一个理由来做这条线 你可以想想 because we have not built up a reason for making that line you could think of it.
这是一条最合适的线 It's a best fit line.
这些数据已经被清理得足够清晰了可以显示出速度和凶猛度之间的良好相关性 The data had been cleaned up enough to show you a very nice correlation between velocity and ferocity.
从某个男人那里 From well from a certain man.
你在这里看不到的是为了看这个而排除的数据量 What you don't see here is the amount of data that were eliminated to be able to see this.
如果我们要看来自沃尔夫溪四号的数据 If we're going to look at our data from Wolf Creek Number Four,
这是我们的开始 this is what we start with.
我们从岩石中得到了速度孔隙度 We have velocity porosity from the rocks.
左边是速度图 On the left hand side we have the velocity plot,
它始于一个宁静的城市 it begins with a tranquil city,
在右边 and on the right hand side.
我们有速度和密度 We have velocity against density,
孔隙度 porosity.
我们看到在速度和速度之间有一个很好的核心关系 And we see that there is a very nice core relationship correlation between velocity and velocity.
然而 However,
如果我们用速度来预测速度 她的变化还是太多了 there is still too much of her variability if we're using velocity to predict velocity,
就像我们在阻抗地震阻抗转换中做的一样 as we will do in impedance seismic impedance conversions,
我们得到这样一个阻抗体积 we get such an impedance volumes,
我们使用关系 and we used relationships,
就像红色曲线中显示的那样将阻抗体积转化为孔隙度 like shown in the in the red curve here to convert that impedance volume into a porosity for you.
如果我们这样做 If we were to do that,
我们发现 对于任何给定的速度值 都会有10%到15%的剧烈变化 we find that there would be a ten to fifteen percent ferocity variation for any given velocity value,
这对舒适来说太多了 and that it's too much for comfort.
这不是一个令人满意的答案 It's not a satisfactory answer,
所以我们想要深入研究 减少数据量 and so we want to drill down in this and reduce the amount of data,
所以我们可以建立更好的相关性 so we can build better correlations.
这里的相关性 Correlations here.
但这些是我们将要处理的数据 But these are the data that we will be working with.
那么 为什么会发生这种丑闻呢 So why does this scandal happened?
由于速度孔隙度的分散关系 Because the scattered in velocity porosity relationship,
这是因为我们在比较速度 it happens because we have we're comparing velocity?
这不仅取决于材料的体积分布 That depends not only on the volumetric distribution of materials,
还有几何分布 but also the geometric distribution.
速度 Velocity,
另一方面 on the other hand,
纯粹的体积因素对孔隙率没有影响 is purely volumetric factor for porosity does not make a difference.
你是否有能力均匀地分布在岩石中 whether you have powers uniformly distributed in the in the in the rock.
或者你有一个巨大的洞穴虫子它包含在孔隙度上 or you have one large cavernous bug that contains on the porosity.
这两种结构的低体积孔隙度是完全相同的 The poor volume porosity is exactly the same for these two structures.
速度 Velocity,
另一方面 on the other hand,
会非常不同 will be very different,
根据你是有一个固体雾还是一个大的人 based on whether you have a one solid fog or one large folk.
所有相同数量的低体积分布在整个矩阵中 All of that same amount of poor volume distributed throughout the matrix.
所以我们期望在凶猛程度 And so we expect some variation between ferocity,
速度的关系 velocity relationships.
基于力的几何分布 Based on the geometric distribution of force.
所以大多数模型都强调沙尘暴 And so and most of the models emphasize sandstorms,
书 books.
但十个水潭的裂缝很薄 But thin cracks ten pools,
一个大的展弦比力可以大大减少哲学 a large aspect ratio force can reduce philosophy considerably.
它们可能不会对孔隙率产生太大影响 They might not affect porosity as much.
你们要思考的是黏土的孔隙度如何影响速度 And for you to think about is how will working ferocity all clay porosity effect velocity?
所有这些都将在我们评估城市关系的速度时发挥作用 All of these things will play a role in when we're evaluating velocity around city relations.
我是兼容的 I'm compliant.
比如矿物质 Minerals such as claims,
例如 for example,
会给我们的关系带来不确定性 will cause an uncertainty in our relationship,
主要是因为它们可能是坏消息 mainly because they can be bad news.
石油 Oil.
在地震适当的地方填满新的空间 In the seismically proper in to fill up the new space,
但是我们用孔隙速度关系来评估 but we are evaluating in our porosity velocity relations,
所以我们要做的是把这个再深入一点 and so what we want to do is take this a little bit further,
我们刚才看的数据 so the data that we looked at just a moment ago,
我们可以开始进一步分析 we can start analyzing that little bit further.
我们有相同的华尔街数据 We have the same Wall Street number for data,
但是现在我们添加了接近它的颜色 but now we have added color close to it,
左边有一个深度 we have a depth on the left hand side,
这里的颜色代表债务 so this color codes here or in debts,
较冷的色调较浅 the cooler shades are a shallower.
颜色的中心更深 At the heart of colors are deeper,
所以这不是3000英尺直到我们到达500英尺 so this isn't a three thousand feet until we reached about five hundred feet.
我们看到 and we see,
正如我们所料 as we would expect,
随着深度的增加 孔隙度减小 流速增大 increasing depths are porosity is reducing and velocity is increasing.
我们可以用同样的方法来观察伽马射线 We can do the same thing to look at a gamma ray.
埃默里 Emory,
大家都知道 as you will know,
是一个占位符是描述一块岩石的阴暗程度 is a place holder is describes the amount of shadiness in a rock.
页岩含量越高 The higher the shale content,
伽马射线的响应就越大 the larger the gamma ray response would be.
这里有更热的颜色 And so we have hotter colors out here,
我们有很多颜色的衣服在旁边 and we have all the colors that is more clothes out on the side.
我们现在有两个控制一个是深度 另一个是一小时 And so we have now two controls one is depth and the other one is in an hour.
阴暗的程度 The amount of shadiness.
我们要做的是进一步研究 So what we will do is take this a bit further.
现在 Now.
让我们详细看看WolfCreek let's look at Wolf Creek in detail.
这就是日志数据的样子 This is what the log data and looks like.
伽马射线中子孔隙率 We have gamma ray neutron porosity,
电流密度和光电因子 current density and the photoelectric factor.
压缩纯粹的旅行时间和克里斯敌意 Compression sheer travel times and Chris hostility.
数据来自250英尺的地方 The data go from about two hundred and fifty hundreds of feet,
下降到大约三千二百英尺 down to about three thousand two hundred feet.
我们有交替的chevalier和发送你的地区 我们已经取得了雪莱的大部分 我们再次交替粘土清洁和分享你的地区 We have alternating chevalier and send your regions and we have achieved a large section of Shelley and we have again alternating clay clean and share your regions.
中子孔隙度在0到0 5之间 A neutron porosity ranges between zero to point five,
与一些钉子 with some spikes,
孔隙度非常高与这些高屏蔽层有关 as very high porosity most proudly related to these high shield zones.
所以我们一直需要保持这些 So we've been needing to keep those up.
红色表示密度 The red is about density.
黑线是光电因子 Black line is the photoelectric factor.
我们稍后会用到 We'll be using for the electric factor later on,
我会向他解释这对我们有什么帮助我们首先要清理数据 and I'll explain with that to him how that helps us are we'll first look to clean up the data.
这些总是剪切和国会旅行时间 These are always shear and congressional travel times.
如果你用这些数据 So if you take these data,
我们可以把移动时间转换成速度我们把移动时间以微秒/英尺转换成速度以公里/秒 we can convert the travel time into velocity would be done as we've taken the travel time in microseconds per foot and converted that in velocity at the kilometers per second.
我们看到有很大的变化 And we see that there is a very big variation.
在这里 Here.
我们的孔隙率很大 We have large porosity,
数值在0 5到几乎为0之间变化 values changing between point five and as almost point zero,
五 速度在相同的成本范围内 five and velocity in the same range costs between.
每秒3 5到6公里 Three two and a half to six kilometers per second.
如果你把它画成一个函数关联接近 If you plot that as a function incident proximity,
我们看到我们周围有很多价值观 we see that we have a lot of values at around.
孔隙度为零 Zero porosity.
现在 Now,
你应该问我的第一个问题是 你以为你少道歉了多少 the first question you should ask me is what less apology did you assume?
来计算密度孔隙率 To calculate density porosity?
在这种情况下 In this case,
我以为是砂岩和石英造成的 I assumed a sandstone and quartz lethality,
这意味着 which means that.
数量 Number out here,
计算孔隙度 the calculated porosity,
生命和稳定或低于零的数字表明是药物 numbers that life and settle or below zero indicate the pill,
因为同源性假设可能是不正确的 并将进一步评估这个 as homology assumption might not be correct and will evaluate this a little bit further.
但是现在我们要把它放在我们的脑海中去理解什么是构建 But for now we'll keep this in the back of our minds would be doing is trying to understand what builds.
数据 The data.
所以我们开始研究最初的步骤来整理我们检查过的数据当我们这样做的时候 And so we go in and we start looking at the initial steps to declutter our data we examined about when we're doing that,
我们将研究是什么导致了传播和变化 we'll examine what causes the spread and what causes the variations.
一旦我们清理完数据 我们就开始计算 Once we've cleaned up the data that's when we start calculations,
我们开始日期 we start date,
我们的骨头 our bones,
等等 and so on.
那么第一步是什么 So what's the first step?
步法很简单任意n个值中有很多负数 Footstep is very simple we have a lot of negative values in any n values,
其中的细节是移除所有非物理的负值 in the details of which is to remove all of the negative values that are not physical.
我们不能有消极的好奇心 We cannot have negative curiosity,
我们不能有负速度 we cannot have negative velocity,
等等 and so on.
我们不想对自发势做同样的事情 We would not want to do the same thing for a spontaneous potential.
例如 For example,
我们可以有一个否定的脚本 we can have a negative scripts,
自发的潜力 spontaneous potential,
所以在删除负值时要小心 so be careful when you removing negative values.
但是对于所有的物理性质 它必须是正的 but for all physical properties that must be positive.
我们需要保持乐观 we need to keep positive.
所以我们需要移动所有负值的数据并继续绘制它们 So we need to move all of the data that have negative values and we keep plotting them.
现在我们有了所有的数据 So now we have all the data.
我清理了一下 去掉了负值我们得到了速度 作为孔隙率的函数 I cleaned up to remove negative values and we have either the velocity as a function of porosity.
她总是中子速度 And she'll always neutron velocity.
就目前而言 For now,
在最后一个图中 我们有s波速度和s波速度的交点 and in the last panel we have he and s wave velocities cross plotted against each other.
最上面一行的颜色代码是骑兵 最下面一行是死亡 The color code in the top row is cavalry in the bottom row is death.
因为我们发现 Because we have found,
我们看了最初的图 as we have looked at the initial plots,
这是最大的驱动力 this was the biggest driver,
我们看到它仍然保持着 so and we've seen that that is still maintained.
我们的债务显示了浅海和深海之间的巨大差异 We have debts showing us a very large difference between the shallower and the deeper regions,
我们看到了一些论坛的迹象 and we see some indications of forum.
骑兵的影响 The cavalry affecting things,
然而 however,
不完全是因为我们有蓝调 not completely because we have blues,
深蓝 dark blues,
它们是多个地区的干净区域 which are clean zones in multiple regions,
所以我们想要做一个逐步的数据删除 and so we want to go in and do a stepwise data removal.
所以我们这样做 And so the way we go about,
也就是说 that is,
我们只从琪琪信息中心获取数据 we take data only from Kiki Informations.
所以它删除了所有负的数据值 so it removed all the negative data values.
现在我们说 我们只能看干净的岩层才能做到这一点 Now we say we will only look at clean formations to be able to do that.
直方图骑兵的直方图 The plot of a cavalry in histograms.
我们接受虐待 And we take an abuse,
只是7位教师的任意值因为他们似乎是买更多的再分配 just an arbitrary value of seven teachers because they seemed to be a buy more redistribution.
太阳是17 And I put the sun at seventeen.
当你这样做的时候 When you're doing this.
当我们以更严格的方式来做这个的时候 When we're doing this in a more rigorous manner,
我想和佩特拉的物理学家们谈谈 从他们那里得到页岩的体积 或者得到切断量的值 这样我们就可以利用它 I would want to talk to my Petra physicists to get volume of shale from them or to get a value for cut off so that we can use that.
现在 for now.
我们很高兴使用17个API为一个伽马射线 We are happy with using seventeen API for a gamma ray.
剪除 Cut off.
我们去掉B So we remove B,
排除所有与伽马射线相关的数据点 eliminate all the data points that correspond to gamma rays.
值大于70 values larger than seventy.
这些是我们开始时的数据我们有一个清除了伽玛射线的清理版本 These are the data that we started with and we have a cleaned up version with removal of a gamma ray Plus.
我们还做了一个额外的步骤 我不会给你们看其他的图 其他的只取500到3000的数据 There's an additional step we did and I'm not showing you the other plots for that and others to take only data from five hundred to three thousand,
二百米 two hundred meters,
所以失败 so defeat,
那是因为我们在这里看到了 and that is because we see out here.
大部分数据只显示了3200英尺的高度 Most of the data were only up to three thousand two hundred feet.
我们把这些都消去 So we eliminate all of that.
现在 So now,
你看到的数据范围在五百零到三千二百英尺之间 what you see is data ranging between five hundred and three thousand two hundred feet,
所有的阴暗区域都消失了 with all of the shady regions taken off.
这些数据 And so the data,
如果你把它们画成对数图 if you plot them in a log plot,
它们看起来有点时髦 they look a little bit funky.
这是例行公事 This is a matter of routine.
如果你要找专业人士 If you were doing it with a professional,
再评估软件 longer valuation software,
它会向你显示数据缺失的部分在这种情况下 爱情只是连接数据点 it would show you chunks where data are missing in this case suggests that love just connects the data points.
现在我们去看看交叉洪水 我们说我们已经清理了数据 Now we go in and look at a cross flooding and we say we've cleaned up the data.
我们还剩下什么 What do we have left?
这就是我们剩下的 These are what we are left with.
我们有速度和它的速度作为孔隙度的函数 we have the velocity and its velocity as a function of porosity,
彩色编码我的相机在顶部和债务在底部 color coded my camera around the top and by debts at the bottom.
所以 So,
在清理完数据之后 having after having cleaned up the data,
我们发现最深的点其实很好因为它们有更高的孔隙率 we find that the deepest points are actually quite nice because they have a higher porosity.
看起来就是这样 That's what it seems like.
最黄色阴影的歌曲在这两个TNS The most yellow shaded songs are out here in both TNS.
然而 However,
如果我们把它们放在同一地块上比较 就会发现有四个孔隙度 if we compared that and locate them in the same plot appear with four porosity.
我们发现它们似乎在这里被看到 We find that that they are appeared to be seen here.
所以我们要做的就是分离出来 So what we're looking for is to separate out and say well,
这是厨师们超过一个小时后需要的干净的歌曲 that's the chefs over an hour is over would need to be a clean song,
所以我们可以比较和定位这两个地块 so we could compare and locate on these two plots,
在密集的区域右边是Pino晕 the dense regions where we have Pino swoons at the right Plus.
敌意 Hostility,
值 values.
现在我们要继续 再选择数据 So now we want to go ahead and sub select the data again.
我们会用不同的方法来做 And we will do that into different ways.
我们查看原始数据 We look at our original data,
我们说还有别的原因 and we say there is something else going on,
因为我们检查了速度 because we examine our velocity,
孔隙度 porosity plots,
我们比较电视的速度 and we look at our velocity comparison for Tvs,
比较 comparisons,
我们发现我们有两个不同的趋势 and we find that we have two different trends out here we have,
我告诉我的光标好像 I'm telling my cursor seems to be.
光标似乎想要在这个地方到处游荡 如此愚蠢 The cursor seems to be wanting to wander all over the place so foolish as for that,
我们来看看钢琴的速度 but we will look at the piano velocity,
敦促和横波速度 urged and shear wave velocity.
我们会看看为什么要考虑这些东西 And we'll look at why we want to think of those things.
我们清楚 We are clearly.
他看到了一些不同的趋势 He's seeing some different trends.
我们有更深层的细分市场 我们有清洁市场 we have the deeper segments coming out here and we have the cleaners.
绝对的 这些纯粹的董事会来找你 absolutely the sheerly regents coming on to you with the planar regions coming out here,
所以你想知道发生了什么 and so you want to know what is going on.
除了剃须 还有什么比死亡更重要的吗 Is there something more beyond shaving is beyond death.
所以我们问自己的第一个问题是 对于所有的城市 应该用中子孔隙度来写孔隙度值 And so our first question we ask ourselves is which for all city should be used is neutron porosity to write porosity value.
为了与我们所说的进行比较 And to evaluate that compared to what we say,
我们可以根据密度来画 we can plot it against density,
孔隙度 porosity.
现在你可以看到我们有HIV可以分离的数据 And now you see we have with HIV can segregate the data,
尤其是你看到或听到的 especially for sure you see or hear.
这里有一组可见的数据 There is one set of data here visible,
浅 shallow,
但是数据点 这些是典型的数据点可以看到数据的细微分歧 but data points and these are the typical ones could then be seen a slight sort of bifurcation of the data,
我们非常关注零值 and we are deeply concerned about zero values.
在这里 Here.
我们首先要评估的是孔隙度值 And so our first assessment will be which porosity values.
我们怎么知道该用哪种凶猛 How do we know which ferocity to use?
所以我们结束了 因为我们将建立物理模型来研究速度孔隙率趋势 And so we end because we will be building out of physics models for velocity porosity trends,
速度并不是释放孔隙度平方的唯一数据点 velocity is not the only data point that release the porosity values radius squared.
所以我们希望能够修复我们的孔隙率数据 让你感到舒服 So we want to be able to fix our porosity data such that when you are comfortable.
这些值是地层孔隙度的真实表示 that those values are to a true representation of the porosity of a formation.
所以我们需要确定神话 And so we need to identify mythology.
他计算密度和孔隙率 He calculate density porosity.
我们有两种独立的孔隙度测量方法 we have two independent measures for porosity,
一个是它们附近的中子孔隙率 one is neutron porosity near them.
在密度孔隙度上 On its density porosity,
这些都是独立的博客 those are independent blogs,
但是我们想用密度和孔隙率 but to use density porosity we want to.
我们需要知道这个小知识是什么 We need to know what the little knowledge is,
因为我们应该从密度来计算交叉凶猛度 because we should calculate cross ferocity from density.
所以我们可以用电因子 So we can use for the electric factor,
沙尘暴的两个独立链和组成部分 two separate chains and components from sandstorms.
我们可以用密度 孔隙率 And we can use density porosity,
比较 comparisons.
我们可以做更复杂的储物柜评估用中间的情节或者我们可以问所有的布料 we can do a lot more sophisticated locker evaluations with a mid plot and someone or we can ask all the fabric.
地质学家有一个了不起的物理学家来告诉我们应该使用什么样的权威 Geologists have a terrific physicists to tell us what the authority we should use.
因为我们要从矿物学的角度来分析密度 Because for that we will take the mineralogy and do a density.
孔隙度计算 porosity calculation.
这就是我们看到的 This is what we were looking at.
我们有一个密度交叉的群体 We have a cross flock of density.
与理想世界中的中子孔隙度相比 Versus neutron porosity in an ideal world,
它们应该在不平等的分界线上 they should lie along the line of inequality.
但是 But,
如你所见 as you can see,
在相同的密度下 在相同的深度下 我们有更高的中子孔隙率 and we have a higher neutron porosity for the same density for this at the same depth as compared to density,
孔隙度 这不仅仅是清洁区域 porosity and this is not only for cleaning zones.
适合阴凉地带 Good for shady zones,
但也有一些工作在花生区 but also some work for peanuts zones.
这里的颜色是我们的画廊 The colors here our gallery.
这些是黄色和蓝色的阴影区域 So these are shady zones in yellows and the blues,
或清洁的歌曲 or cleaner songs.
所以我们可以用两种不同的方法来评估我们可以说他还很年轻 是方解石基质 So what we can do is we can evaluate this in two different ways we can say he's young there to be a calcite matrix,
当然 and of course,
矩阵 matrix.
左边是方解石基质 右边是方解石基质 On the left hand side we have calcite matrix On the right hand side.
他担任宫廷的矩阵 He assumed a court's matrix.
然后我们比较密度 And then we compare density,
孔隙度和中子孔隙度 porosity and neutron porosity again,
我们看到数据似乎是匹配的 and we see that the data seemed to match.
方解石 Calcite,
碳酸盐岩基质优于沙尘暴基质 Matrix of Carbonate matrix better than images of sandstorm matrix.
所以这对我们来说是一种暗示我们可能不是在沙子里而是在他们可能在的地方 And so that's one indication for us that we might not be in the sand is on what they might be.
计算器转到这里 我们继续计算前面的比率 Calculators turns here we go a further and we say let us evaluate the previous ratio.
我们这么做的原因是 And so the reason we want to do that is we want to.
我们知道之前端口的比率大约是1 5 We know that the previous ratio for ports is about one point five.
外 For outside,
它是关于 it's about too.
如果现在 If now,
它并不是很清晰 因为当沙暴袭击你的时候 你会增加一个点 it's not as clean cut because as a sandstorm gets shell you that while you will increase to about one point,
61 7 six one point seven,
而方解石会在1 2到2 2之间变化 whereas calcite will vary between one point and two point two.
所以这里有一些她的坚毅 And so there is some amount of her and the gritty here,
但这是另一个迹象 but it is yet another indication,
因此 我们将使用一系列指标来评估其生态 so we will use a series of indications to evaluate its ecology.
再一次 and again,
像往常一样 as always,
我们可以问我们最喜欢的地质学家 we can ask our favorite geologists.
我们从左手边的图开始 We started with served with the plot on the left hand side.
这是我们清理后的BBS比率 That's the BBS ratio that we had for all the world after we've cleaned it up.
我们可以看到 这是我们之前提到的目的 与浅海脊相比 更深的区域略高 We see that this is would be in the purpose we have the previous reached you that is slightly higher in the deeper regions as compared to the shallow ridges,
但这里还有另外一个似乎失去了力量 but there is one additional aren't here which seemed to go off the strength,
所以我们要做的是观察最浅的结构 and so would we want to do is we want to look at the shallowest structures?
我们想看更深层的区域我们想看这里最深层的岩层看看是什么 we want to look at the deeper regions and we want to look at the deepest formation here and see what is?
变化是什么 what are the changes?
这里的控制因素是什么 What are the control factors here?
他又看了一遍数据 He read the data again,
但这次用伽马射线标记颜色 but this time color coded by gamma ray,
所以我们看到干净的区域都在外面 and so we see that the cleaner zones are lie out.
在浅水区域我们有一些干净的区域 Here we have some clean zones in the shallow regions,
但我们大部分时间都是在巡演中 but we have mostly she used sections of tour,
而且 and,
所以他可以 and so he can.
我们看了烟的区别 我们说慢的区别 但是可以用神学来解释 We look at this difference in smoke and we say that this difference in slow but will be could be explained by the theology.
要做到这一点 To do that,
我们画出之前的比率曲线 we go in and draw the previous ratio of curves,
这是之前眼泪的比率曲线 so we have the previous ratio curves of tears.
这是绝对速度 This is sheer velocity,
速度用死亡来表示 velocity color coded by death.
因为我们想找到这些声音在哪里 Because we want to find where these sounds are,
我们之前的比率是1或2 we have the previous ratio of about one or two here,
这些不是那么深 and these are the not as deep.
它们大约在2000到2500到500英尺之间 These are around two thousand between two thousand and two thousand and five hundred feet.
它们在这附近非常深的区域 The very deep zones around here they are,
她的生活 she lives.
最有可能的是必须确认这一点 因为这可能是非常诱人的说 他们将进入橱柜 Most probably will have to confirm that because it could be very tempting to say they're going into cabinets.
我们要做的是 So what we want to do is,
还有一个不同的含义 and there is a different implication.
如果砂岩富含碳酸盐 If the sandstones are rich in carbonates.
与链链丰富的沙尘暴相比 风速的影响是非常不同的 The velocity implications are very different as compared to sandstorms that are rich in chains.
我们要做的就是 And so we want to do.
我们想要区分这两者 We want to be able to differentiate between the two,
光电的因素 the photoelectric factor.
我也可以告诉我们这个区别 I can tell us this this difference as well,
我们会看所有这些评估 so we will look at all of these evaluations,
一个接一个 one after the other.
这是凯美瑞 我们看到这些仍然是沙尘暴 Here is Camry and we see that these are still the sandstorms.
但PBS比例的形状变化主要是由于阴影而不是宇宙的丰富 But the shape change in the PBS ratio is mainly due to a shading is rather than a cosmic richness.
可能是 It could be all,
但考虑到地点 这是不可能的 but that's highly unlikely given the location the right,
所以我们把目光投向地球 and so we are looking to earth.
把这些石头拿出来 说有一种阴暗的东西从我们的主张发展到纯粹的天使 Take these stones out here and say there is a shadiness that progresses from our claims to the sheer angels,
这对应于债务的变化 and that corresponds to a change in debt.
我们有一些区域 So we have some regions.
周围 Around.
2500英尺是更干净的 当我们深入到下面的荫凉处 Two thousand five hundred are feet that are cleaner and as we go deeper be come into the underlying shady,
有时 sometimes.
我们可以确认 有了光电因素 We can confirm that with photoelectric factor,
我们发现这里的光电因素大约是2比2到2 5只蚊子 and we find that the photoelectric factor out here lies around two to two to slightly higher than two to between two and two point five mosquitoes around here,
进入两点 going into two point,
5和3个 five and three,
或杀死 or kill,
随着时间的推移 再次确认 telling us again confirming almost over time,
这是一个棚子附近的阴凉处越来越多的在这里 this is a shed near a shadiness are increasingly over here.
好吧 Okay.
一旦我们完成了这一切 Once we've gone through all of this now,
我们可以利用这些数据 因为我们没有任何数据 we can take this data because we don't have any.
在这里我们可以有一个目标来观察他的敌意 A goal in mind here we could have a goal in mind to look at his hostility,
我们可以说我们想知道它是怎样的 and we could say that we want to know how it is.
饱和度是如何变化的 How does saturation change?
这个情节吗 This plot?
在所有情况下 In all cases,
如果你看饱和度 if you look at saturation,
P会有变化 there will be a change in P.
速度不能保证速度 Velocity would not insure velocity.
所以如果我们从一个水饱和的卡车变成一个气体饱和的卡车 So if we're going from a water saturated to a gas saturated truck for the same little biology,
我们将开始降低电视比例 we will start decreasing the Tvs ratio,
所以我们可以做出这些决定 so we could have these decisions.
例如 for example,
如果我们忘了这件事 if we forget about this,
这是电因子 this being for the electric factor,
那么我们可以说 茶的区域是水饱和的 then we could say that the zones of tea are water saturated.
我们有更高的比率 We have higher the previous ratio,
当我们开始猜测传统的时候 and as we go towards guessing the tradition,
我们每年都移动数据点 we moved the data points on each year.
在这种俱乐部里 In this sort of a club,
我们可以说这些点在这里 we would say that these are points that lie over here,
比方说 let's say,
P速度是4 5千米/秒 with a P velocity of four and a half kilometers per second,
将移动 would move in.
点的选择会在这个图上横向移动到这里的某个地方所以他们会越过DBS的种族界限 Point selection would move horizontally across this plot and come to somewhere here so they would cross the DBS racial lines.
因为剪切速度不随流体变化 Because shear velocity does not change with fluids.
一旦我们走到那一步 Once we've gone that far,
我们可以利用我们的数据开始计算手掌 we can take our data and start calculating palms.
我们对血液流变学有一些了解 We have some idea of blood rheology,
所以我们要 so we going,
我们说我们将创造双关语和被决定 and we say we will create puns and being decide.
在非常简单的情况下 我们使用上下界 The constant that that were used to build the palms B In the very simple case we use upper and lower bounds.
这些是空和回应与创造者僵硬尽可能 使其可能的岩石给予仅仅一夸脱 These are the void and responds with creators stiff as possible and make its possible rock given just a quart.
对不起 Sorry,
这应该只是文字和水的混合物 this should be just words and water mixture.
速度是什么呢 What's the velocity?
六千年 Six thousand,
每秒200米 绝对速度470 two hundred meters per second and sheer velocity four thousand and seventy,
5米每秒 five meters per second.
水的速度 The velocity for water.
1500的绝对速度是0米每秒 fifteen hundred and sheer velocity is zero meters per second.
然后我们可以用这个 And then we can take this.
从一个清晰的石英基质开始 不断加入不同数量的水作为凶猛 Start with a clear quartz matrix and keep adding various amounts of water as ferocity.
我们可以创造出最简单最僵硬的醉鬼 And we can create just a very simple stiffest possible drunk.
这被称为白色模型 最弱的岩石作为十字架 That's called the white model and the weakest possible rock as the cross,
这些是平均等待容量平均 these are averages waited volumetric averages.
F表示矿物质的体积 The F describes the volumetric amount of the minerals.
V表示速度 The V describes the velocity.
I是岩石中包含的物质筛数 I is the number of material screen contained in the rock.
在这个例子中是眼睛 In this case eyes.
如果它从1到2 If it goes from one to two,
一个是通往水域的港口 one being ports to the water.
我们可以利用其他数据 We can throw other data on count,
但是 but,
如你所见 as you can see,
这么大的一个变异没有多少价值 there is not much value from this large of a variation.
然而 However.
它仍然让我们受到限制 it still puts us within constraints,
因为如果我们有这些数据点 because if we have data points that plot outside of this,
这些范围 these ranges,
那么我们就知道我们在神话中有一个不同的变化 then we know that we have a change difference in idle mythology,
或者穷人应该这样做 or the poor should.
我们可以带上我们的任何一个 We can take our any.
速度值的密度 density of velocity value.
在这里 Here,
在这种情况下 in this case,
我们的密度是2 3g位置速度对人来说是7千米每秒 we have a density of two point three grams position velocity to people in seven kilometers per second.
我们可以 We can.
我们将密度转化为孔隙度 以2%的准确性得到你想要的东西 we convert that fora density into porosity and get what you want by two per cent veracity.
我们研究这幅图 然后说数据是正确的 We go into this plot and then we say that that data lies right.
在这些数据之上是上层阶级描绘的数据 On top of these are the data depicted by the upper classes.
符号 symbols.
我们可以更进一步 我们可以利用所有的数据 创造稍微紧密的化学键 We can go a step further and we can take all of the data and create slightly tighter bonds.
这些都是来自地球上不同地方的不同沙尘暴 These are all a many different sandstorms from various locations in the earth.
我们没有看到Sun站在这里 从中国卖到这里 We have not see Sun stands out here and sold from China out here.
更多的模型 more model lines.
你们之前看过的一些数据 Some of these data you had looked at before.
这是旧的捆绑 This is the old bound up.
这是他被钓到的地方 显然他之前看到过完全相同的数据文件 Here is a place him and line caught him and plainly had seen exactly the same data file before,
但会用蓝色和粉色表示未知数据点 并在这里结束 but would be held up our unknown data points in blue and in pink and end right out here.
粉色的数据点被一种更硬的矿物粘合 The pink data points are cemented by a stiffer mineral,
而红色的数据点或者是下马的 whereas the red data points or the dismounted.
黄色的数据点是由较弱的矿物估算出来的 The yellow data points are estimated by a weaker minerals.
如果我们把它们和石英比较 If we compare them to quartz,
粉红色的点可能被方解石或白云石胶结 the pink points might be cemented by a calcite or dolomite.
红色可能被法庭巩固 The red might be cemented by the courts,
黄色可能是用粘土粘起来的 and the yellow might be cemented by a clay.
如果我们什么都不知道 If we don't know anything,
如果你没有任何地质学家的指导 if you don't have any guidance from all geologists,
如果我们可以用一个更小的圆柱体把这些数据点的末端装进去 if we could just as well fit the end in one of these data points by a smaller amount of a cylinder.
所以 当我们用这些道德准则来解释可能发生的事情时 我们需要小心谨慎 And so we need to be careful when using these moral lines to have a plausible explanation for what might be at play.
我们可以在上面画数据 We can draw our data on top of this.
如果你还记得 if you recall,
这些是我们已知的数据 these are our known data,
现在我们把狼溪彼得扔在上面 and now we take our Wolf Creek Peter and dropped them on top of it,
我们已经看到他们的谎言是正确的 and we've seen that they lie right.
除此之外还有其他数据点 On top of these are other data points,
我们在这里有下界在这里有放置线 so we have the lower bound out here we have the placement line out here,
我们让法院传唤你 we have the court summons line out you,
所以我们发现我们感兴趣的大部分数据点 and so we find that our most of the data points of interest to us or in the sun acute,
我们想要建立一个石英分割模型来安装这些 and we would want to build a quartz segmentation model to be able to mount these.
这些类型的数据 These types of data.
所以我希望到目前为止我给你们展示的是一种清理数据的努力我们的工作从这里开始你们现在能够做的就是 So what I hope I have shown you till now has been an effort to clean up the data our job begins with having reached this point you now would be able to do is,
这将在第二部分 当我们做另一个模型的时候另一节课是关于黎巴嫩的 and this will be in the second segment when we do another model of this another session of for this Lebanon to take now.
已经清理的数据 并开始评估哪个模型最适合他的数据 data that have been cleaned and start evaluating which model is best suited for his data,
我们已经清理了数据 更新了播放歌曲的情绪 我们已经删除了所有的非负值 它应该移动不属于这个情节的数据 现在将留下细节 we have cleaned up the data with renewed the mood on the play bearing songs we have removed all of the non negative values with it should move data that don't belong in this plot and now will be left with the details.
这或多或少地通过模型分布向我们展示了并开始为它建立合适的模型 That shows us more or less by model distribution and begin to appropriate models for this,
几个月后的下一阶段 so the next part in a few months from now,
我希望 hopefully,
或者在年底的时候 or maybe toward the end of the year,
我们再来看看狼溪 we will look at going through a wolf Creek again.
但是这一次 But this time,
从这一点开始 并解释如何开发一个适合地质学和方法论的模型 starting at this point and explaining how to come to a development of a model that is appropriate to the geology and to the methodology,
还有沉积环境和岩石中所含的流体 as well as the sedimentary environments and the fluids that are contained in the rock.
我现在不想谈这个 我希望能回答更多的问题 I ain't this talk for now and look to answer some more questions.
谢谢你 Thank you.
由于米卡 Thanks to Mika,
看来我们有几个问题要问 it looks like we have a few questions here,
所以我会大声朗读 so I will read them aloud,
当人们在听讨论时 and as people are listening to discussions,
请随意使用Q peep at please feel free to use the Q.
在面板底部有一个部分 我会回答你们的问题 and a section at the bottom of the panel there and I will get to your questions.
第一个是P波速度变化 So the first one says P wave velocity changes,
尤其是对他来说 especially in for him.
其他气体也不是这样 It's not the case for other gases as well.
钍是拥有幻灯片的人 Thorium is the people that own slide.
所以我认为你指的是第一个 So I think you are referring to one of the first ones.
这一个 So this one,
钠 the sodium,
来自伽马射线谱 comes from the spectral gamma ray,
这是 and so this is,
和一些 and few.
如果你用凯美瑞的光谱 If you take spectral Camry that gives you.
大量的辐射被分解成铀钍 The amount of radiation are broken down into uranium thorium,
和钾B and potassium B.
我们经常看那些分解了的 因为我们说钠和钾或富含的指标 We often look at those that break down because we say that the sodium and potassium or indicators for play rich,
除了铀 as well as uranium,
可能是富含铀的水 could be uranium rich waters,
已知存在的 which are known to be exist,
公共系统 the public system,
不同的位置 various location.
那么如何将它们分离出来呢 So how to separate those out?
所以这不是气体 So this is not the gas,
但这是作为粘土指示物所包含的体积 but this is the amount of volume that is contained as indicator for clay.
好吧 Okay,
下一个问题是 the next question is,
是SMS的关系大于MTV将永远复兴 is the relation of SMS greater than an MTV will always revival.
为了使用岩石物理模型 在流体替代后分析数据不是更好吗 Is it not better to analyze data after fluid substitution in order to use a rock physics model?
Emus和MW指的是固体和水 So Emus and MW referring to a solid and water.
的确 Indeed,
影响替代是有价值的 there is there is value for to influence substitution,
但我们还没到那一步 but we're not there yet.
我们还在清理数据 We're still cleaning up our data.
如果你想做流体置换 If you want to do fluid substitution,
我们需要知道饱和度我们需要知道产品的好坏 we would need to know the amount of saturation we would need to know the good.
我们需要一个良好的孔隙率 We would need to have a good porosity number.
我们需要一个好的神话 We would need to have a good mythology.
你现在正在做的是准备一切 这样我们就可以做一个知情的成果 What are you doing right now Is preparing everything such that we can do an informed fruits,
替换 substitution.
这是我们想要使用的数据的真实表示 That is a proved true representation of the data that we want to use.
在这种情况下 So in this case,
例如 for example,
我们正在评估用哪种孔隙度在这种情况下我们有密度速度 we're evaluating which porosity to use in this case we have density velocity.
我们可以用中性颜色的中子孔隙率来表示它们的存在 We could use neutron porosity with neutral colors is deeply affected by claiming their presence.
所以正确的 And so right.
现在我们除了求值什么都不做 Now we're not doing anything except to evaluate.
应该使用什么类型的模型 What type of model should be used?
我们还没有达到双燃料替代的阶段 We are not at the stage of twin fuel substitution.
我们希望我们的工厂是这样的 We would want to look at our plants like this,
你就可以在公共广播公司同意一些事情 and you'll be able to agree PBS floor to something,
但是你知道这个 我们可以用这个和颜色编码 but you know this one and we could take this and color code.
这微笑 This smile,
他的活动 我们想知道这是否是可持续性的变化从石油到水或天然气 his activity and we would want to know whether this is a change in the sustainability going from oil to water or from gas,
水 to water,
石油 to oil.
无论什么结果 whatever consequence,
可能是 might be,
或者是神话的改变 or is it a change in mythology?
现在我们只是在评估一个又一个的事情 For now we are simply looking at evaluating one thing after the other.
当我们开始观察一个严格的 when we start looking at a rigorous,
一个模型评估 a model evaluation,
我们要有明确的实用矿物学问题 we will want to have clarified utility mineralogy questions.
我们要澄清水库的摇晃然后建立一个模型 然后做笛子 We will want to have clarified to shakiness in the reservoir and then build a model and then do flutes.
替换 substitution.
我们还没到那一步 We're not there yet.
我们有大约10个问题在这里等你有了你的内在和外在的问题我们会尽可能多地回答 And we have about ten questions waiting here so and you got your inner outer or so we'll try and get through as many as we can.
如果你需要切断一个电话 你欢迎你的地方 我试图解决尽可能多的问题 If you need to chop off a call you welcome to you about where I'm trying to get through as many questions as you can.
下一个是他的岩石物理清单 The next one is what his rock physics checklist,
我们怎么联系起来呢 and how can we relate?
有韵律和速度的清单 The checklist with prosody and velocity.
这是个有趣的问题 That's that's an interesting question.
我将请求 I would request.
运动鞋回到我身边的男人 因为回答这个问题太费时间了 Sneakers to come back to me a man because that takes too long to answer.
有一些检查首先是你看到你需要清理你的数据吗 There is a number of checkers first thing is you see you need to clean up your data?
这是第一件事 So that is the first thing,
我们都这样做 and we all do that.
你得做一些我们必须做的事 You'll have some things that we have to do.
另一个方法是去除负面数据 Another is get rid of negative data.
把我不属于那里的事处理掉 Get rid of it that I don't belong there.
一旦你有了 once you have,
我们甚至没有检查卡尺负载等等 We have not even examine caliper loads and so on.
假设我们所有的数据都是可靠的 So let's assume all of our data are reliable.
当我们开始研究控制时 When we start looking at controls,
我们可以进去看看形状 然后去掉高共享值我们可以进去看看能量 we can go in and look at shapeliness and remove of the high sharing of values we can go in and looking at a little energy.
试着评估新的知识是为了让我们能够在一个契约中与出版的砂岩或由白云石胶结的砂岩跋涉 Trying to evaluate new knowledge is so that we can be within a covenant trudging over the sandstone with publishing or sandstones cemented by dolomites.
我们已经见过很多次了速度完全被甩了 As we have seen many many times that happens that throws off the velocities completely,
所以我们要采取很多步骤 so there are a number of steps that we take.
它们可以是连续的 they can be sequential.
他们可以被假释 They can be paroled.
哦 Oh,
好吧 okay,
下一个 next one,
你如何定义干净的队形 what do you define as a clean formation?
是的 Yeah.
一个干净的地层是我们要看的我们要切断来定义的东西 A clean formation would be something that we would look we were going to have cut off to define.
干净的空气从来不是在砂岩中形成的 The clean air formations is never in sandstones.
至少我们永远不会有百分之零的粘土 那将永远是一些游戏的涂层 at least we can never have zero per cent clay that's always going to be some play coatings,
所以你的日志评估是一个很好的方法 so your log evaluation would be a good way to do it.
如果我要做一个日志评估来定义干净的区域 If I were doing up a log evaluation to define clean zones,
我会看直方图 做大量的共享计算 然后拿出百分之十的二十个支柱 I would look at the histogram and do a volume of shared calculation and then take ten percent twenty pillars,
15个 这对于一个干净的砂岩来说是可以接受的 fifteen decently and say all of that is acceptable for a clean sandstone.
关于钍的问题还有一个后续的问题 So there's a follow up question to the thorium questioned,
钾长石很常见 familiar if you have potassium feldspar,
就像现在的一块石头 as the present one rock.
你如何处理高伽马射线测井响应在你的细节估计中因为如果你有钾长石可以帮助他摆脱凯美瑞 How do you handle the elevated gamma ray log response in your estimation of detail right because if you have a potassium feldspar that could help him will throw off the Camry.
墨西哥湾北部的模式 The patterns of northern Gulf of Mexico.
因为那里没有建立简单的体育项目 Because there are not have built a simple sports there,
你会想把相机的基线值设得比在没有简单精子的正常沙尘暴中要高 you would want to put your camera in baseline value higher than what you would have in a normal sandstorm without with a simple sperm,
这是一种方法 so that's one way to get go about it.
第二种方法是看看你以前 The the second way would be to look at your previously.
她能够观察你的速度孔隙度植物 因为你觉得风暴和沙尘暴在一个相似的水平上 she was able to look at your velocity porosity plants because you felt storms would plot on a similar level as your sandstorms.
然而 劈理带在不同的数据云上 所以你会想要把它们分离出来 Whereas the cleavage zones would be on a different cloud of data so you would want to separate those out.
所以这不是一种分离的方法 So it's not sort of a way to separate those out.
你也可以看看如何研究V密度和孔隙率 You can also look at how you can also investigate for V density porosity,
中子孔隙度 neutron porosity,
并试着去做评估 relationships and try to get to that evaluation.
从绝望 from that desperate.
这个问题似乎有点类似于你刚才说的 当去除数据的异常时 很好地去除了负值 This question seems a little bit similar at what you were just saying when removing anomalies for data so well removing the negative values.
如何确保没有删除特定现象的异常 How do you make sure that you're not deleting an anomaly of a certain phenomena?
如果总是这样那就是为什么你要不断绘制数据并确保一旦你有了合适的模型 你没有删除任何东西 Right so if that is always and that's why you keep plotting your data and make sure you've not removed anything once you have your model in place,
他想要的地方 he would want to place.
我们要把这个模型和数据进行对比 We were going to put that model against on the data.
这样你就能用你的 Just so that you use your,
你已经将异常值确定为一种经验 而不是某种你没有解释的现象中的异常值 you've identified the outliers as being experience rather than outliers in in some sort of a phenomenon that you've not accounted for.
所以这是一种方法或另一种方法 So that's one way or the other one.
如果你移动它需要数据 If you move it need to data.
计算的数据将不会是 the calculated data will not be.
你不能包括计算入侵者 因为你的假设可能是他们负数或不现实的要求的原因 You cannot include calculate invader because your assumptions might be the reason for them for negative values or unrealistic claims.
你只需要看旋转器 So you will want to look only at rotator.
好吧 OK,
我关心的下一个问题是模型中的流体包裹体 the next question I have concerned about fluid inclusion in the model,
特别是如果我考虑使用SEO 它将如何改变VPBS比率 而模型告诉我关于骨折 especially if I'm considering using SEO to how will it change the V PBS ratio and while the model tell me about fracture,
在队形中传播 propagation in the formation.
裂缝扩展与问题的最后一部分 Fracture propagation with the last part of the question.
它将如何改变V-PBS比例 模型是否能告诉我更多关于裂缝在地层中的公开情况 How will it change the V PBS ratio and will the model tell me more about fracture publication in the formation?
哦 好吧 Oh OK,
传播 Propagation,
更重要的是存在感 not as much as presence.
所以你可以很容易地检测到这种做法 因为裂缝代表并破坏了声波路径 So a practice you can detect very easily because fractures represent and breaking the acoustic path,
所以他们告诉你地震 and so they give you in on seismic,
题目给了你各种各样的分数 they give you are all sorts of the fractions,
可能是以较低的速度 possibly in a lower velocity,
这很简单 so that's fairly straightforward.
您将无法评估跟踪的传播 因为它不是 You will not be able to assess tracked your propagation because it's not.
这些数据不是动态的 These data are not dynamic,
不是在同一时间发生的骨折 not on the same time school as the fracture.
这是第二部分的第一部分 So that's the first part of the second part was.
这是第二部卡通片 在我说了几句话之后 它救了我 It was the second cartoony and saved me after I had just a few say that I have.
整个问题是我对模型中的流体包裹体有一个担忧 The whole question is I have a concern about fluid inclusion in the model,
特别是如果我考虑CEO 它将如何改变为PBS比率 especially if I'm considering CEO to how will it change to be PBS ratio?
当模型t关于更充分的传播时 and while the model t about fuller propagation,
职业义务和形成 professional obligation and the formation?
但我取了流体包裹体 But I took fluid inclusion?
如果你考虑牛津的流体包裹体到流体中的包裹体 If you're thinking about fluid inclusion in Oxford to inclusion in the fluid.
这样你就可以用流体模型来计算气体包涵体对活流感的影响 Then that gives you can use a fluid model to calculate the effect of that gas inclusion pigs at a live flu.
然而 However,
如果你看的是流体包裹体 if you're looking at fluid inclusions.
在晶体中 In a crystal which happens,
法院 courts,
例如 for example,
有很多流体包裹体 has a lot of fluid inclusions.
那些将不会被看到 因为它们不是 Those will be will not be seen because they are not,
他们不是 they're not.
它们包含在矩阵中 They're contained within the matrix,
因此它们无法逃脱 and so they do not escape.
矩阵不会使它们变形 The matrix doesn't deform them.
他们不承担任何负担 所以你 They don't bear any load and so you.
你的速度不会看到太多的流体包裹体 Your velocity will not see fluid inclusions as much.