1 00:00:10,044 --> 00:00:11,657 Do you want to know a secret? 你想知道一个秘密吗？ 2 00:00:12,432 --> 00:00:18,863 Every day around the world, all of us use secret codes, and we don't even realize it. 世界各地的每一个日子，我们都使用暗号， ，我们甚至不知道它。 3 00:00:19,315 --> 00:00:21,281 There has always been a battle between people 一直有一个人之间的战斗 4 00:00:21,281 --> 00:00:24,385 who want to keep secrets and people who want to get those secrets. 要保守秘密，并 人谁想要得到这些秘密。 5 00:00:24,768 --> 00:00:30,817 It's a battle that has raged on for centuries as codes have been cracked and history changed forever. 这是一个战斗已持续了几个世纪作为代码 已破获历史永远改变了。 6 00:00:32,906 --> 00:00:38,497 This queen loses her head when her enemies intercept and decode her conspiracy messages. 这皇后失去了她的头时，她的敌人 拦截和解码她的阴谋的消息。 7 00:00:40,551 --> 00:00:44,452 Mary, Queen of Scots was convinced her codes wouldn't be broken. 苏格兰女王玛丽被说服 她的代码不会被打破。 8 00:00:44,382 --> 00:00:46,961 The interception of this coded telegram sent by 截取发送编码电报 9 00:00:46,961 --> 00:00:50,683 Arthur Zimmermann forces the Americans into the First World War. 亚瑟齐默尔曼势力的美国人 到第一次世界大战。 10 00:00:51,298 --> 00:00:57,476 The solution of the Zimmermann Telegram changed the entire history of the 20th century. 齐默尔曼电报的解决方案 改变了整个20世纪的历史。 11 00:00:57,768 --> 00:01:02,726 The Zodiac Killer continues stalking the streets of San Francisco and murders again, 生肖杀手继续缠扰街头 旧金山和谋杀再次， 12 00:01:04,178 --> 00:01:06,203 (gun shooting...) （枪射击... ...） 13 00:01:06,279 --> 00:01:08,999 because his coded messages can't be cracked. 因为他的编码信息可以不被破解。 14 00:01:09,017 --> 00:01:15,551 If you're trying to solve a message from the killer, you will guess at what possible words might be in them. 如果你正在试图解决从杀手的消息， 你会在什么可能的话可能会在他们的猜测。 15 00:01:15,741 --> 00:01:19,465 Well, "kill" might be one, "victim" might be another. 那么，“杀”可能是一个“受害者”可能是另一个。 16 00:01:22,498 --> 00:01:27,505 This is the story of the continuing battle between codemakers and codebreakers, 这是继续战斗的故事 codemakers和密码破译之间， 17 00:01:27,505 --> 00:01:30,048 and how their fight shaped our world. 和他们的斗争如何塑造我们的世界。 18 00:01:45,359 --> 00:01:51,359 Codemakers have always gone to extraordinary lengths to keep their secretly coded messages secret. 一直Codemakers了非凡的长度 保持他们偷偷编码的消息的秘密。 19 00:01:54,245 --> 00:02:00,736 In 1587, a future queen of England loses her head, thinking this code unbreakable. 1587年，未来的英格兰王后失去了她的头， 思考这个代码牢不可破。 20 00:02:03,978 --> 00:02:12,752 The key players in this Elizabethan tragedy are Mary, Queen of Scots, her cousin, Queen Elizabeth I of England, 在这个伊丽莎白悲剧的主要角色是玛丽， 苏格兰的女王，她的表姐，英格兰女王伊丽莎白一世， 21 00:02:14,133 --> 00:02:20,343 Catholic English nobleman Anthony Babington, spymaster Sir Francis Walsingham, 天主教英国贵族安东尼巴宾顿， 王牌间谍爵士弗朗西斯沃尔辛厄姆 22 00:02:20,414 --> 00:02:23,421 and a mysterious genius called Thomas Phelippes. 一个神秘的天才，所谓的托马斯Phelippes。 23 00:02:23,479 --> 00:02:27,244 Mary, Queen of Scots, being Queen of Scotland, but had to flee the country, 苏格兰的玛丽女王，苏格兰女王，但 不得不逃离该国， 24 00:02:27,244 --> 00:02:32,054 and come to England where she was theoretically a guest of Queen Elizabeth I of England. 来到英国，她在理论上 做客英格兰女王伊丽莎白一世。 25 00:02:32,054 --> 00:02:36,361 But the English government had real problems with this because England was a Protestant nation 但英国政府有这个实际问题 由于英国是新教国家 26 00:02:36,361 --> 00:02:38,117 and the Queen was Protestant. 和王后是新教徒。 27 00:02:38,117 --> 00:02:41,921 Mary, Queen of Scots was a Catholic, and she was next in the line to the throne 苏格兰的玛丽女王是天主教徒， 和她行旁边的宝座 28 00:02:41,921 --> 00:02:43,529 if Elizabeth didn't have any children. 如果伊丽莎白没有任何子女。 29 00:02:43,529 --> 00:02:48,886 So she was naturally the center of any conspiracy to get rid of Elizabeth, and replace the 于是，她自然中心的任何阴谋 伊丽莎白摆脱，并取代 30 00:02:48,886 --> 00:02:51,400 Protestant queen with a new Catholic queen. 新教皇后，一个新的天主教女王。 31 00:02:57,254 --> 00:03:01,273 Under lock and key, with her every move carefully watched. 根据锁和钥匙，与她的一举一动仔细观看。 32 00:03:01,474 --> 00:03:05,144 Mary must think of even more secret in devious ways of communicating with 玛丽必须想更秘密 迂回沟通方式 33 00:03:05,144 --> 00:03:09,446 her Catholic allies in London, France and Spain. 她在伦敦，法国和西班牙的天主教盟友。 34 00:03:10,577 --> 00:03:16,505 She decides to use a series of ciphers to communicate secretly with people, which even if 她决定使用一系列的密码 沟通暗中与人交往，这即使 35 00:03:16,505 --> 00:03:19,746 they are intercepted, then she assumes nobody will be able to read them 他们被截获，然后她假设 无人能阅读 36 00:03:19,746 --> 00:03:21,821 because they are all in code. 因为他们都是在代码中。 37 00:03:23,025 --> 00:03:29,547 In June 1586, Mary begins corresponding with Catholic conspirator Anthony Babington. 在1586年6月，玛丽开始相应的 天主教阴谋家安东尼巴宾顿。 38 00:03:31,544 --> 00:03:35,815 The methods that Babington and Mary, Queen of Scots decided upon to 的方法，巴宾顿和玛丽， 苏格兰女王决定点名 39 00:03:35,815 --> 00:03:39,861 get the letters between each other is to use the services of the brewer 对方是字母 使用布鲁尔服务 40 00:03:39,861 --> 00:03:43,102 who delivers beer to Mary's household once a week. 提供啤酒玛丽的家庭每周一次。 41 00:03:43,102 --> 00:03:48,001 So she would write a letter, which her secretaries would then encode, 于是，她写了一封信，这 她的秘书，然后编码， 42 00:03:48,001 --> 00:03:52,638 and once she had coded the letter, it was rolled up. Very small. 一旦她编码的信， 它卷起。非常小。 43 00:03:53,649 --> 00:03:59,115 And then what they'd done was hollow out the bung inside the beer barrels so the 然后他们想要做的是镂空 所以啤酒桶内塞 44 00:03:59,115 --> 00:04:01,778 letter could be placed inside the bung. 信可以放在里面塞。 45 00:04:02,376 --> 00:04:07,216 The bung put back in the barrel, and then the brewer would drive out with the barrels, “塞放回桶，然后 布鲁尔将驱动器与万桶， 46 00:04:07,216 --> 00:04:10,573 and take the letter out and have it delivered to Babington in London. 信有 交付给巴丙顿在伦敦。 47 00:04:12,584 --> 00:04:18,422 Mary writes her secret letters using what's known as a nomenclator. 玛丽写道她使用的秘密信件 什么是已知的作为nomenclator。 48 00:04:18,664 --> 00:04:24,147 This cipher uses individual symbols to correspond to individual letters. 此cipher使用单独的符号 对应的单个字母。 49 00:04:25,352 --> 00:04:29,394 To hasten the writing of a long letter, commonly used words and phrases, 要赶紧写了一封长信， 常用词和短语， 50 00:04:29,394 --> 00:04:34,213 such as "how", "why", and "when" are given their own symbol. 如“如何”，“为什么”和“时” 有自己的符号。 51 00:04:44,437 --> 00:04:48,153 Codes can be as simple or as complex as you want them to be. 代码可以简单或 你想让他们复杂。 52 00:04:48,606 --> 00:04:51,502 It's just a matter of choosing the right tool for the job. 这只是一个选择的权利问题 作业的工具。 53 00:04:51,807 --> 00:04:54,386 So how do you know which type of code to use? 所以，你怎么知道使用哪种类型的代码？ 54 00:04:56,055 --> 00:05:01,089 One man who knows the answer is David Kahn, an expert on keeping secrets. 一个人谁知道答案是大卫卡恩 保密专家。 55 00:05:01,341 --> 00:05:05,680 He's the author of the best-selling book, The Codebreakers, and widely regarded as 他的畅销书的作者， 密码破译，被广泛视为 56 00:05:05,680 --> 00:05:10,063 the world's leading expert on the history of codes and cryptology. 世界领先的专家 代码和密码学的历史。 57 00:05:11,447 --> 00:05:19,010 For centuries, when you used a cipher, you had to have a key to encipher the message. 数百年来，当您使用密码， 你必须有一个密钥来加密消息。 58 00:05:19,104 --> 00:05:24,490 The person who wanted to unlock that message had to have the exact same key 想解开的人 消息有相同的密钥 59 00:05:24,490 --> 00:05:27,627 so that he was able to unlock the message. 让他能解开的消息。 60 00:05:29,033 --> 00:05:33,915 Over two thousand years ago, Roman emperor Julius Caesar realizes that keeping the key to 两千年前，罗马皇帝 凯撒大帝意识到保持的关键 61 00:05:33,915 --> 00:05:37,554 his ciphers a secrect is of great military importance, 他的密码secrect是伟大的军事重要性， 62 00:05:38,325 --> 00:05:44,254 so he creates one of the first-ever recorded ciphers to pass secret information on to his generals. 所以他创造了有史以来第一个记录 密码传递给他的将军们的秘密信息。 63 00:05:44,969 --> 00:05:53,352 * actually three places When Julius Caesar wanted to put a letter into cipher, he slid each letter four places* to the left *实际上是三个地方 当凯撒大帝希望把一个字母 密码，他下滑的每个字母左四个地方* 64 00:05:53,352 --> 00:05:58,159 so that "A" became "D", "B" became "E", and so forth. 一个让“”成为“D”，“B”变成“E”的，等等。 65 00:05:59,115 --> 00:06:02,359 But Caesar's shift cipher is easily broken, 但是，凯撒的转变密码是容易破碎， 66 00:06:02,542 --> 00:06:08,215 once you determine that the key is a shift of four letters, you crack the entire message. 一旦确定，关键是一个转变 四个字母，你需要破解的整个消息。 67 00:06:11,978 --> 00:06:16,374 To solve Mary, Queen of Scots's cipher requires far more ingenuity. 为了解决玛丽女王的苏格兰的密码 需要多得多的匠心。 68 00:06:16,545 --> 00:06:19,777 Mary was very convinced that her codes wouldn't be broken. 玛丽是很不服气 她的代码不会被打破。 69 00:06:19,777 --> 00:06:23,820 She was very careful to regularly change them to create new alphabets. 她非常小心，定期更改 他们创造新的字母。 70 00:06:23,820 --> 00:06:28,235 She inserted nulls, which are symbols that don't mean anything, throughout her codes 她插入空值，这是没有的符号 整个她的代码意味着什么， 71 00:06:28,235 --> 00:06:30,172 to try to prevent them being broken. 设法防止他们被打破。 72 00:06:30,721 --> 00:06:35,349 But she's unaware at the time that the English state, particularly Francis Walsingham, 但她不知道当时 英语国家，特别是弗朗西斯沃尔辛厄姆 73 00:06:35,349 --> 00:06:41,276 Secretary of State, has employed a man called Thomas Phelippes who's a brilliant cryptographer, 国务卿，聘请了一个叫 托马斯Phelippes是一个辉煌的密码学， 74 00:06:41,489 --> 00:06:46,801 who has worked for the English as new method of actually cracking these codes. 谁曾作为新英语 实际上破解这些代码的方法。 75 00:06:47,478 --> 00:06:54,313 It's known as frequency analysis, and works by studying how commonly used letters appear when enciphered. 它被称为频率分析，并通过研究工作 如何常用的字母出现时加密。 76 00:06:54,519 --> 00:07:00,415 So when Babington's name is encrypted using Mary's cipher, it's easy to spot the repeated letters. 因此，当巴宾顿的名字是加密 玛丽的密码，很容易发现重复的字母。 77 00:07:02,652 --> 00:07:08,947 Spymaster Sir Francis Walsingham and his mysterious cryptographer, Thomas Phelippes, 王牌间谍爵士弗朗西斯沃尔辛厄姆和他的 神秘的密码专家，托马斯Phelippes 78 00:07:08,947 --> 00:07:13,818 whose portrait doesn't exist, immediately begin cracking all of Mary's codes. 其肖像不存在，立即 开始开裂玛丽的所有代码。 79 00:07:15,281 --> 00:07:19,987 They're looking for a single piece of treasonous evidence to prove Mary is plotting with the 他们正在寻找一个单件的叛逆 证据证明玛丽是与策划 80 00:07:19,987 --> 00:07:22,761 Catholics to overthrow Queen Elizabeth. 推翻伊丽莎白女王的天主教徒。 81 00:07:22,928 --> 00:07:27,139 Mary, Queen of Scots, received a letter from Babington, in which he explains that 苏格兰女王玛丽，收到了一封信 从巴宾顿，他解释说， 82 00:07:27,139 --> 00:07:29,575 he intends to assassinate Queen Elizabeth I. 他打算暗杀英国女王伊丽莎白一世 83 00:07:29,575 --> 00:07:33,641 Her secretaries warned her not to reply to it because she might incriminate herself 她的秘书警告她不答复 因为她可能会连累自己 84 00:07:33,641 --> 00:07:35,555 if the letter's ever intercepted. 如果信的过截获。 85 00:07:35,555 --> 00:07:39,534 But she does anyway, and she suggests ways in which she might be broken out 但她无论如何，她建议 她可能被打破的方式 86 00:07:39,534 --> 00:07:43,197 of her prison and what would then happen to make her Queen of England. 她的监狱和将发生什么 使她的英国女王。 87 00:07:44,029 --> 00:07:50,054 Mary's reply to Babington's assassination letter is immediately intercepted by Thomas Phelippes 玛丽巴宾顿的暗杀信的答复 立即上前托马斯Phelippes 88 00:07:50,054 --> 00:07:52,444 before it can be smuggled out of the prison. 才可以偷运出监狱。 89 00:07:53,290 --> 00:07:58,810 He decodes it and realizes that in this letter he has exactly the evidence of treason 他解码，并认识到，在这封信中 他正好有叛国罪的证据 90 00:07:58,810 --> 00:08:02,160 that they need to finally execute Mary, 他们需要到最后执行玛丽， 91 00:08:02,160 --> 00:08:04,424 and he does two extraordinary things. 和他两个不平凡的事。 92 00:08:04,728 --> 00:08:09,276 He writes a postscript on the letter, he forges some extra lines on the bottom 他写的信后记 他伪造一些多余的线条，在底部 93 00:08:09,276 --> 00:08:14,646 of the letter, pretending that Mary is asking for the names of the people who are actually 信，假装玛丽要求 谁是真正的人的名字 94 00:08:14,646 --> 00:08:17,110 going to assassinate Queen Elizabeth I. 要暗杀英国女王伊丽莎白一世 95 00:08:17,544 --> 00:08:22,319 He then folds the letter up, and on the outside he draws a gallows because he knows 然后，他的信折叠起来，在外面 他绘制了绞刑架，因为他知道 96 00:08:22,319 --> 00:08:26,379 this is the letter that will finally incriminate her and bring her to her death. 这是信将最终 连累她，带她到她的死亡。 97 00:08:27,493 --> 00:08:30,639 Queen Elizabeth can't ignore her cousin's Catholic plotting. 伊丽莎白女王不能忽视 她的表妹的天主教阴谋。 98 00:08:31,130 --> 00:08:37,988 Mary, Queen of Scots is beheaded at Fotheringhay Castle in February 1587, 苏格兰的玛丽女王是被斩首 Fotheringhay城堡1587年二月， 99 00:08:38,133 --> 00:08:40,097 in front of 300 witnesses. 在300名证人面前。 100 00:08:46,278 --> 00:08:52,073 The symbols Mary uses in her cipher bear an uncanny resemblance to those written by a serial killer, 玛丽的符号使用承担离奇的，在她的密码 由一个连环杀手的书面的相似之处， 101 00:08:52,073 --> 00:08:55,774 stalking San Francisco almost 400 years later. 缠扰旧金山近400年后。 102 00:08:59,023 --> 00:09:05,484 But this cipher has an added complexity. Each symbol has many different meanings. 但是，这个密码已经增加了复杂性。 每个符号都有很多不同的含义。 103 00:09:05,983 --> 00:09:12,077 Can the code be cracked (gun shooting...) before the killer strikes again? 代码被破解（枪射击... ...） 前再次杀手罢工？ 104 00:09:17,024 --> 00:09:24,907 Between 1968 and 1973, a lone killer preys on young people in the San Francisco Bay Area. 1968年至19??73年，一个孤独的杀手的猎物 在旧金山湾区的年轻人。 105 00:09:25,919 --> 00:09:30,271 Twenty-two-year old Darlene Ferrin and nineteen-year old Mike Mageau 第二十二条岁的达琳铁蛋白 十九岁的麦克Mageau 106 00:09:30,271 --> 00:09:32,827 sit parked near a golf course. 坐在停泊在附近的高尔夫球场。 107 00:09:33,865 --> 00:09:37,997 It's almost midnight on Friday, the 4th of July, 1969. 这几乎是上周五的午夜， 7月4日，1969年。 108 00:09:40,243 --> 00:09:43,910 A car approaches, and flashes its lights. 一辆车的方法，并闪烁灯光。 109 00:09:47,318 --> 00:09:51,190 The couple get their ID's ready, thinking it's the police. 夫妇得到他们的ID的准备，思考它的警察。 110 00:09:53,159 --> 00:09:59,299 What...? (gun shooting...) 什么... ...？ （枪射击... ...） 111 00:09:59,321 --> 00:10:06,282 He fires nine shots. The young man survives, but the girl dies. 他火灾9杆。年轻的 男子幸存，但女孩死亡。 112 00:10:07,245 --> 00:10:09,849 A reign of terror begins. 恐怖统治开始。 113 00:10:14,535 --> 00:10:19,388 Over the next six years, the killer commits at least five known murders, 在未来六年中，杀手 提交至少五个著名的谋杀， 114 00:10:19,388 --> 00:10:24,673 though he himself claims seven. Some experts put the figure as high as 37. 尽管他本人声称七个。有些 专家们把这一数字高达37。 115 00:10:25,979 --> 00:10:27,651 He is never caught. 他没有抓到。 116 00:10:29,495 --> 00:10:35,344 Nearly a month after the murder, he sends three coded messages to three local newspapers, 杀人后将近一个月，他发送 三个地方报纸的三个编码的消息， 117 00:10:35,344 --> 00:10:37,175 demanding they be published. 要求他们公布。 118 00:10:38,559 --> 00:10:42,977 He threatens that if the codes aren't printed, he'll go on a kill rampage. 他威胁说，如果代码不 印，他将在杀死横冲直撞。 119 00:10:43,129 --> 00:10:47,549 But if the codes are cracked, they'll reveal his identity. 但是，如果代码被破解， 他们会透露他的身份。 120 00:10:48,828 --> 00:10:53,200 Within days of his sending the coded messages, he writes again, 他发送的编码内的天 消息，他写道再次， 121 00:10:53,200 --> 00:10:56,263 this time calling himself "Zodiac". 这个时候，自称“十二生肖”。 122 00:10:57,730 --> 00:11:01,472 The Zodiac Killer used what's called a homophonic cipher. 生肖杀手使用什么 所谓谐音的密码。 123 00:11:01,472 --> 00:11:06,189 This means that each letter of the original message could be replaced 这意味着，每个信 可以替换原始邮件 124 00:11:06,189 --> 00:11:09,463 by one or two or three different symbols. 由一个或两个或三个不同的符号。 125 00:11:09,463 --> 00:11:13,623 So if the most frequent letter in the English language "E" is replaced not 因此，如果在最频繁的信 更换英文“E”是不仅 126 00:11:13,623 --> 00:11:19,383 by just "X" but by "X", "Q", and "R", that will make it more difficult to solve. 只是“X”，但“X”，“Q”和“R”的， 这将使其更难以解决。 127 00:11:19,973 --> 00:11:24,859 Using a homophonic cipher means the killer is aware of letter frequency analysis, 使用谐音加密手段 杀手是知道的字母频率分析， 128 00:11:24,859 --> 00:11:28,131 and seeks to disguise any repeated letters in his messages. 并设法掩饰任何反复 消息在他的信件。 129 00:11:29,832 --> 00:11:35,105 He chooses a group of symbols he likes, allocates them to represent letters of the alphabet, 他选择了他喜欢的一组符号， 它们分配给代表的字母， 130 00:11:35,105 --> 00:11:38,888 and cycles them so that the same symbol doesn't repeat. 和他们，使循环 不会重复相同的符号。 131 00:11:40,786 --> 00:11:44,767 It was a race against time to crack the Zodiac's code. 这是一个对时间的竞赛 破解十二生肖的代码。 132 00:11:45,415 --> 00:11:51,910 The FBI, CIA, NSA, and Naval Intelligence all begin work on the cipher. 联邦调查局，中央情报局，国家安全局，海军情报 开始工作的密码。 133 00:11:53,669 --> 00:11:58,367 But it's a school teacher and his wife in Salinas, California, armed only with 但它是一个学校的老师和他的妻子 萨利纳斯，加利福尼亚州，武装只与 134 00:11:58,367 --> 00:12:01,302 pen and paper, that cracked the killer's code. 笔和纸，破获杀手的代码。 135 00:12:02,576 --> 00:12:07,692 Donald Harden calculates the killer's ego with demand that message would include the letter "I". 拉姆斯哈登计算杀手的自我 消息要求将包括字母“I”。 136 00:12:08,691 --> 00:12:13,706 He also knows that one of the most commonly used double letters is "L". 他也知道，最 常用的双字母为“L”。 137 00:12:14,399 --> 00:12:23,171 If you're trying to solve the message from the killer, you will guess at what possible words might be in them. 如果你试图解决从杀手的消息， 你会在什么可能的话可能会在他们的猜测。 138 00:12:23,171 --> 00:12:27,864 Well, "kill" might be one, "police" might be another, "escape" might be another, 那么，“杀”可能是一个“警察”可能 ，“逃离”可能是另一个， 139 00:12:27,864 --> 00:12:29,742 "victim" might be another. “受害者”可能是另一种。 140 00:12:30,817 --> 00:12:35,742 Using a homophonic cipher relies on the writer to correctly cycle the symbols to avoid 使用谐音加密依赖于作家 正确周期的符号，以避免 141 00:12:35,742 --> 00:12:40,042 repeating the same combination of symbols for double letters. 重复相同的组合 双字母的符号。 142 00:12:41,861 --> 00:12:48,483 This is where Harden and his wife get lucky - the killer gets bored or sloppy writing his message. 这是硬化和他的妻子很幸运 - 杀手变得无聊或马虎，写他的消息。 143 00:12:48,483 --> 00:12:53,552 And as Harden predicts, the first word they crack contains the double letter "L" - 哈登预测，第一个字 他们破解包含双字母“L” - 144 00:12:53,962 --> 00:12:55,287 "KILL". “杀”。 145 00:12:58,581 --> 00:13:02,501 It takes the Hardens six days to decipher the entire message, 它采用变硬6天 解密整个消息， 146 00:13:02,501 --> 00:13:05,247 beating all the other government agencies. 击败所有其他政府机构。 147 00:13:05,361 --> 00:13:10,339 But California's jubilation is short-lived, the message just taunts the police, 但加州的喜庆是短命的， 消息刚嘲弄警察， 148 00:13:10,339 --> 00:13:12,675 and doesn't reveal the killer's identity. 并没有透露凶手的身份。 149 00:13:15,836 --> 00:13:22,508 To make matters worse, the killer sends another coded message that can't be cracked using the Hardens' key. 更糟的是，凶手发送另一个编码 消息不能被破解使用变硬“的关键。 150 00:13:23,589 --> 00:13:27,448 The so-called "340 cipher", named after the amount of characters 所谓“340密码”， 命名后的字符数量 151 00:13:27,448 --> 00:13:30,096 it contains, has never been solved. 它包含了，一直没有得到解决。 152 00:13:33,907 --> 00:13:39,767 Forty years later, this symbolic processing class at the University of North Texas, is 40年后，这个象征性的处理 在北德州大学类， 153 00:13:39,767 --> 00:13:42,686 attempting to decode the 340-character cipher. 试图解码340个字符的密码。 154 00:13:45,967 --> 00:13:52,558 Professor Ryan Garlick is determined to crack the Zodiac code, but the numbers are stacked against him. 瑞安Garlick教授决心破解 生肖代码，但数字是对他的堆放。 155 00:13:52,558 --> 00:13:59,352 The Zodiac 340 cipher contains 63 unique symbols, and so if we say that 包含63生肖340密码 独特的符号，所以如果我们说 156 00:13:59,352 --> 00:14:03,747 there can be 26 letters represented by each symbol, then that gets 26 可以是26个字母代表 每一个符号，然后得到26 157 00:14:03,747 --> 00:14:11,441 to the 63rd possible keys to decipher, and that's a 90-digit number, which means 第63可能的密钥破译， 这是一个90位数字，这意味着 158 00:14:11,441 --> 00:14:16,462 that even if we put a powerful computer, a group of computers to work on the problem, 即使我们把功能强大的计算机， 一组计算机上的问题， 159 00:14:16,462 --> 00:14:20,101 then we still can't run through all the possible combinations. 然后，我们仍然不能运行通过 所有可能的组合。 160 00:14:20,597 --> 00:14:24,900 He thinks one way to try and solve it is to create computer shortcuts. 他认为，尝试和解决问题的方法之一 是创建计算机的快捷方式。 161 00:14:25,340 --> 00:14:30,024 The software that we developed at the University of North Texas uses a genetic algorithm, 我们在大学所开发的软件 北德克萨斯州使用了遗传算法， 162 00:14:30,024 --> 00:14:38,635 which takes sort of candidate keys, and has a mapping of the symbol in the cipher to an English letter, 候选键，并已映射 在一个英文字母的密码的象征， 163 00:14:38,635 --> 00:14:43,253 and we will generate those keys randomly. 我们将随机生成这些密钥。 164 00:14:44,264 --> 00:14:49,440 The computer program runs in three parts - first, it converts each symbol of the original 计算机程序运行三个部分 - 首先，它可以将每个原始符号 165 00:14:49,440 --> 00:14:52,689 Zodiac message into a text that the computer can read; 十二生肖消息成文本 计算机可以读取; 166 00:14:54,109 --> 00:14:58,553 then the software guesses the English letter each symbol might correspond to; 然后猜测英语软件 每个字母符号可能对应; 167 00:14:59,707 --> 00:15:04,283 finally, based on that guess, it tries to make English words out of the letters 168 00:15:04,283 --> 00:15:06,325 that the program produces. 169 00:15:07,175 --> 00:15:12,087 And we come in and score each key, and say well this key produces a 170 00:15:12,087 --> 00:15:15,377 solution that looks English-like. 看起来类似英语的解决方案。 171 00:15:15,377 --> 00:15:21,231 So, we then take the top portion of our potential solutions, and say let's 因此，我们采取的顶端部分 我们潜在的解决方案，并说让我们 172 00:15:21,231 --> 00:15:25,368 take half of this good solution, and combine it with the other half of 很好的解决方案的一半， 它结合的另一半 173 00:15:25,368 --> 00:15:30,701 another good solution and see if the child of those two potential solutions is any better. 另一个很好的解决方案，看看如果孩子 这两个潜在的解决方案是更好的。 174 00:15:31,970 --> 00:15:37,294 The constant combining of the keys from the good solutions often create more English words, 不断从结合的关键 良好的解决方案往往创造更多的英语单词， 175 00:15:37,540 --> 00:15:42,932 but as of now, none had provided a complete solution with meaningful sentences. 但截至目前，没有人提供了一个完整的 解决方案与有意义的句子。 176 00:15:45,556 --> 00:15:50,687 After many thousands of hours of calculation, the code still hasn't been cracked. 经过成千上万小时计算， 代码还没有被破解。 177 00:15:51,774 --> 00:15:54,804 The identity of the Zodiac Killer remains a mystery. 十二生肖杀手的身份仍是一个谜。 178 00:15:55,101 --> 00:16:01,568 But how did one man back in the 1960's come up with an unbreakable code in the first place? 但是，如何做一个人早在1960年的 拿出摆在首位的牢不可破的代码？ 179 00:16:01,568 --> 00:16:04,585 He may have used some books that were available at that time. 他有可能使用一些图书 当时提供的。 180 00:16:04,585 --> 00:16:08,648 So, you know if Chapter One of that book is a homophonic substitution cipher that we 所以，你知道，如果这本书的第一章 是同音替代密码，我们 181 00:16:08,648 --> 00:16:13,126 know that's how the first of all ciphers was coded. Then, we definitely want to look at 知道这是如何被编码的所有密码。 然后，我们一定要看看 182 00:16:13,126 --> 00:16:17,059 Chapter Two of that book to see how this one might be decoded. 看到这本书的第二章 这其中可能是如何解码。 183 00:16:17,933 --> 00:16:22,543 On of the few books publicly available about codes back in the 1960's was 关于公开可用的几本书 早在1960年的守则， 184 00:16:22,543 --> 00:16:25,424 written by none other than David Kahn. 书面莫过于大卫卡恩。 185 00:16:25,548 --> 00:16:29,318 I'd like to think it's a viable theory that he may have learned about 我想认为这是一个可行的理论 他可能已经了解了 186 00:16:29,318 --> 00:16:30,784 codes from "The Codebreakers". 代码从“密码破译”。 187 00:16:30,784 --> 00:16:35,579 I'm not happy that it was used to help a killer. 我不开心，这是用来帮助一个杀手。 188 00:16:36,481 --> 00:16:40,781 Books are the keys to creating and cracking many codes, 出版的书籍有许多守则，以创建和打击的关键， 189 00:16:40,781 --> 00:16:45,116 a piece of text that both the sender and the receiver each have access to. 某一段文字的发送者 和接收器，每个人都有访问。 190 00:16:45,733 --> 00:16:51,379 One of the most well-known and mysterious codes is based on one of the most famous documents. 其中最知名的和神秘 代码是基于最有名的文件之一。 191 00:16:52,740 --> 00:16:58,062 If you can crack the Beale ciphers, they'll lead you to the location of buried treasure - 如果你能破解比尔密码，他们会 带领你的宝藏的位置 - 192 00:16:58,062 --> 00:17:03,710 gold, silver, and jewels with an estimated 36 million dollars. 金，银，和与珠宝 估计有36亿美元。 193 00:17:04,196 --> 00:17:10,073 The location of the treasure is encrypted somewhere in the words of "The Declaration of Independence". 宝藏的位置是加密的地方 在“独立宣言”的话。 194 00:17:16,025 --> 00:17:21,492 These are the Beale ciphers, potentially the most valuably coded messages in the world. 这些都是比尔密码，潜在的 编码在世界上最有价值的消息。 195 00:17:22,563 --> 00:17:31,450 The Beale ciphers are a series of encrypted messages, which seem to indicate the location of a buried treasure. 比尔密码了一系列加密消息， 这似乎表明一个宝藏的位置。 196 00:17:34,654 --> 00:17:38,128 The origin of the Beale ciphers are shrouded in mystery. 比尔密码的起源扑朔迷离。 197 00:17:38,704 --> 00:17:42,257 The story begins in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia. 故事开始在弗吉尼亚州的蓝岭山脉。 198 00:17:42,257 --> 00:17:49,565 Between 1819 and 1821, Mr. Thomas Jefferson Beale and a group of friends allegedly buried 在1819年和1821年，托马斯杰斐逊先生 比尔和一组据称埋的朋友 199 00:17:49,565 --> 00:17:54,552 two loads of treasure, somewhere within a four-mile radius of the town Buford's Tavern. 珍惜，某处在两个负载 四英里的半径镇布福德的小酒馆。 200 00:17:57,196 --> 00:18:03,601 The quantity of treasure is enormous - 29 hundred pounds of gold, 51 hundred pounds of silver, 宝藏的数量是巨大的 - 29 100磅重的金，51银一百英镑， 201 00:18:04,176 --> 00:18:07,037 and 13,000 dollars worth of jewels. 和13000美元的珠宝价值。 202 00:18:10,768 --> 00:18:15,693 Beale carefully notes the secret location, and sets about making sure that no one can find it. 比尔仔细注意到秘密地点，并 确保没有人可以找到它的套左右。 203 00:18:17,086 --> 00:18:22,292 He enciphers his secret in three separate parts, and gives it to the owner of a local hotel. 他enciphers他在三个独立的部分的秘密， 并赋予它以当地一家酒店的所有者。 204 00:18:23,149 --> 00:18:26,572 Mr. Beale then completely disappears forever. 比尔先生，然后完全消失，永远。 205 00:18:29,377 --> 00:18:34,483 The first coded message tells the location of the buried gold, silver, and jewels; 第一个编码的消息告诉了位置 埋的金，银和珠宝; 206 00:18:35,844 --> 00:18:38,389 the second, the quantity of the treasure; 第二，宝藏的数量; 207 00:18:39,300 --> 00:18:43,716 and the third, a list of names to whom the treasure rightfully belongs. 第三，到名称列表 人珍惜理所当然属于的。 208 00:18:44,991 --> 00:18:49,537 By the 1860's, the ciphers are in the possession of a mysterious, unnamed author 到1860年，在密码 藏有一个神秘的，无名的作者 209 00:18:49,537 --> 00:18:51,656 who sets about cracking them. 他集打击他们。 210 00:18:53,030 --> 00:18:58,239 He guesses the code's based on a printed text, but which text? 他猜测代码的基础上， 打印的文本，但文本？ 211 00:19:00,123 --> 00:19:04,357 He claims he tries every book he can lay his hands on before "The Declaration of Independece" 他声称，他尝试每本书他可以奠定他 双手之前，“独立宣言” 212 00:19:04,748 --> 00:19:06,786 gives him the clue he is looking for. 给他，他正在寻找的线索。 213 00:19:08,292 --> 00:19:12,909 He starts by numbering the words in the Declaration so that "when" becomes 1, 他开始编号的话， “宣言”，使“当”变为1， 214 00:19:13,257 --> 00:19:21,248 "in" becomes 2, "the" - 3, "course" - 4, "of" - 5, "human" - 6, and so on. “中的”变为2，“” - 3，“课程” - 4， “” - 5，“人” - 6，等等。 215 00:19:22,108 --> 00:19:26,059 Then he painstakingly finds the words in the Declaration that match the numbers 然后，他千辛万苦找到的话， “宣言”，相匹配的数字 216 00:19:26,059 --> 00:19:29,135 of the Beale ciphers, and finally cracks the code. 比尔密码，终于出现裂缝的代码。 217 00:19:29,688 --> 00:19:34,433 Unfortunately, this method only deciphers one of the three messages - 不幸的是，这种方法只 解密的三条消息之一 - 218 00:19:34,433 --> 00:19:36,872 the cipher telling the quantity of treasure. 密码告诉宝藏的数量。 219 00:19:39,112 --> 00:19:44,637 The other two, naming the shareholders and the treasure's location, remain unbroken 另外两个，命名的股东和 宝藏的位置，保持完整 220 00:19:45,049 --> 00:19:48,062 almost 150 years later. 近150年后。 221 00:19:50,551 --> 00:19:53,435 My own conclusion is that it's some kind of hoax. 我自己的结论是，它的一些骗局。 222 00:19:53,435 --> 00:20:01,088 Somebody has made up a phony, secret message to drive a million amateur codebreakers crazy 有人作出了一个假冒的，秘密的信息 驱动一百万的业余密码破译疯狂 223 00:20:01,088 --> 00:20:06,038 in the hope of finding this treasure somewhere down near Roanoke, Virginia. 希望能找到这个宝藏 某处，弗吉尼亚州罗阿诺克附近。 224 00:20:06,803 --> 00:20:10,842 Codes based on a printed text eventually fall out of fashion. 基于印刷文本的代码 最终掉下来的时尚。 225 00:20:11,083 --> 00:20:16,181 But home-made, hand-written code books, the stuff of spy movies are essential 但自制的，手工编写的代码的书籍， 间谍电影的东西是必不可少的 226 00:20:16,181 --> 00:20:18,815 in the time before computers, especially 在电脑，尤其是前 227 00:20:18,815 --> 00:20:24,633 in times of war, when capturing an enemy's codes meant the difference between life or death. 在战争时期，捕获敌人的时 代码意味着生命或死亡之间的差异。 228 00:20:27,478 --> 00:20:32,748 For the first three years of World War I, British and German armies slaughter each other 对于第3年第一次世界大战中， 英国和德国军队屠杀对方 229 00:20:32,748 --> 00:20:34,666 in the mud of northern France. 在法国北部的泥。 230 00:20:36,237 --> 00:20:40,457 By 1917, Britain is desperate for help from the United States. 到1917年，英国是求贤若渴 来自美国的帮助。 231 00:20:40,962 --> 00:20:45,555 Germany is equally desperate that America doesn't join the war. 德国同样是绝望的，美国不加入战争。 232 00:20:49,600 --> 00:20:54,523 The interception and decoding of this single encrypted message is a major factor in forcing 这种单一的截取和解码 加密的消息是在强迫的一个主要因素 233 00:20:54,523 --> 00:20:58,242 President Woodrow Wilson to declare war on Germany. 伍德罗威尔逊总统宣布对德国宣战。 234 00:21:00,869 --> 00:21:04,802 In the days before computers and the World Wide Web, communicating with 在电脑前的天， 万维网，沟通 235 00:21:04,802 --> 00:21:08,887 the world is a much slower and potentially dangerous business. 世界是一个慢得多， 有潜在危险的业务。 236 00:21:10,261 --> 00:21:16,533 At the beginning of the 20th century, the world is connected together by telegraph. 在20世纪初， 通过电报，世界连接在一起。 237 00:21:16,951 --> 00:21:21,226 Cables have been physcially laid between countries, right across the Atlantic, 电缆已physcially奠定之间 右横跨大西洋的国家， 238 00:21:21,226 --> 00:21:24,404 across the Mediterranean to North Africa. 整个北非的地中海。 239 00:21:24,682 --> 00:21:28,822 And those are the lines of communication. There is a web across the world of these 而这些通信线路。 有一个跨越这些世界网络 240 00:21:28,822 --> 00:21:34,250 physical cables across land and under the sea, which enable countries to communicate with each other. 在陆地和海面下的物理电缆， 这使各国能够互相沟通。 241 00:21:35,365 --> 00:21:40,080 Well, just like its modern counterpart, this telegraph network is open to hackers. 好了，就像其现代，这 电报网络黑客的攻击是开放的。 242 00:21:40,943 --> 00:21:44,970 In this case, the British government has been listening at all German messages crossing the 在这种情况下，英国政府已 听过路的所有德国消息 243 00:21:44,970 --> 00:21:47,185 Atlantic since 1914. 大西洋自1914年以来。 244 00:21:50,640 --> 00:21:54,717 And this is where the messages end up - Whitehall in London. 这是消息 - 伦敦白厅中。 245 00:21:55,702 --> 00:21:59,833 In 1917, this is the most secret place in Britain. 1917年，这是英国最秘密的地方。 246 00:22:00,039 --> 00:22:05,073 A nerve center of military espionage and codebreaking, known as Room 40. 一个军事间谍活动的神经中枢， codebreaking，被称为室40。 247 00:22:10,163 --> 00:22:14,596 Even though the British captured several German code books earlier in the war, the Germans are 尽管英国捕获几个德国 前面的代码书在战争中，德国人 248 00:22:14,596 --> 00:22:16,266 constantly changing them. 不断变化的。 249 00:22:19,771 --> 00:22:24,466 They are were a series of very large code books containing 10,000 words and phrases 他们是一个非常大的代码的 书包含10,000个单词和短语 250 00:22:24,466 --> 00:22:28,088 numbered from 0 to 9,999. 编号从0到9999。 251 00:22:29,248 --> 00:22:35,833 Then they encrypt them again by adding extra digits, the so-called double-decker super encipherment. 然后，他们再通过添加额外的数字加密， 所谓的双层超级保密。 252 00:22:41,497 --> 00:22:45,335 Many of the German messages are routine communications between trenches and the 许多德国的消息更是家常便饭 战壕和通信 253 00:22:45,335 --> 00:22:48,149 front line concerning troop movements and supplies. 前线调兵和补给。 254 00:22:48,785 --> 00:22:53,778 But occasionally, there are diplomatic messages between German embassies around Europe. 但偶尔，也有外交消息 欧洲各地的德国大使馆。 255 00:22:54,703 --> 00:23:00,748 These are encrypted using the diplomatic code, 0075, which the British have only recently 这些加密使用的外交代码， 0075，英国最近才 256 00:23:00,748 --> 00:23:03,546 discovered, and not yet fully cracked. 发现的，尚未完全破解。 257 00:23:05,565 --> 00:23:10,206 So when a coded telegram sent from Berlin to the German Minister in Mexico is intercepted 因此，当来自柏林的一个编码电报发送 德国部长在墨西哥被截获 258 00:23:10,206 --> 00:23:14,344 in January 1917, it's a race to decode it. 在1917年1月，它是一个种族解码。 259 00:23:16,183 --> 00:23:21,261 It's often essential when you're solving a code to try to guess the words. 当你解决，这往往至关重要 代码试图猜测的话。 260 00:23:21,261 --> 00:23:24,769 You're faced with a blank bunch of numbers, what do they mean? 你面对一个空白的一堆 数字，什么意思？ 261 00:23:24,769 --> 00:23:27,074 However, they don't exist in the vacuum. 然而，他们不存在真空。 262 00:23:27,197 --> 00:23:32,174 People have sent diplomatic telegrams for a long time, and diplomatic telegrams 人们已将外交电报 很长一段时间，和外交电报 263 00:23:32,174 --> 00:23:35,627 often begin with "The honoured" to "inform Your Excellency". 往往开始与“贵人” “通知阁下”。 264 00:23:35,627 --> 00:23:42,848 So if you have seen this in plaintext, you can guess that may be the beginning formula in code text. 所以，如果你有看到明文，可以推测 这可能是在代码文本的开始公式。 265 00:23:43,218 --> 00:23:48,441 The first thing that codebreakers of Room 40 do is start looking for numbers that make up the words stop, 密码破译室40做的第一件事 是开始寻找弥补的话停止的数字， 266 00:23:48,441 --> 00:23:51,316 the telegraphic method of ending sentences. 结束句子电汇的方法。 267 00:23:55,683 --> 00:23:59,338 They then decrypt the very high number at the end of the message, the signature of 然后，他们非常高的数字解密 在邮件的末尾，签名 268 00:23:59,338 --> 00:24:02,476 Arthur Zimmermann, the German Foreign Secretary. 亚瑟齐默尔曼，德国的外交大臣。 269 00:24:06,093 --> 00:24:09,426 They then spot strange combinations of numbers that decode into letters, 然后，他们发现的奇怪组合 数字解码为字母， 270 00:24:09,426 --> 00:24:11,680 which don't make sense by themselves. 不以自己的感觉。 271 00:24:11,680 --> 00:24:12,509 "AR", “AR” 272 00:24:12,509 --> 00:24:13,316 "IZ", “工业区”， 273 00:24:13,316 --> 00:24:14,451 "ON", “ON” 274 00:24:14,451 --> 00:24:15,465 "A", “A” 275 00:24:15,465 --> 00:24:16,276 or, 或 276 00:24:16,276 --> 00:24:17,603 "ARIZONA", “亚利桑那” 277 00:24:17,610 --> 00:24:21,342 a word not listed in the 10,000-word German code book, 德国在10000字码书没有列出一个字， 278 00:24:21,342 --> 00:24:23,511 so it's been made up phonetically. 所以它的发音作了。 279 00:24:24,503 --> 00:24:28,388 When they decrypt a number of high code groups and message, they conclude that these 当他们解密高代码 组和消息，他们得出结论，这些 280 00:24:28,388 --> 00:24:31,952 make up the words "Texas", and "New Mexico". 弥补“德州”，和“新墨西哥”。 281 00:24:33,422 --> 00:24:37,242 As they crack the code, the significance of the message becomes clear - 由于他们破解的代码，意义 消息变得清晰 - 282 00:24:38,127 --> 00:24:41,832 Germany is proposing to support Mexico if they invade the US. 德国建议，以支持 墨西哥，如果他们入侵美国。 283 00:24:42,204 --> 00:24:47,617 As a reward, Mexico will regain control of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. 作为回报，墨西哥将重新获得控制 得克萨斯州，新墨西哥州和亚利桑那州。 284 00:24:50,824 --> 00:24:55,914 This is not only a deliberate act of aggression on Germany's part, it's also a diversionary tactic. 这不仅是蓄意的侵略行为 对德国的一部分，它也是一个声东击西的战术。 285 00:24:56,052 --> 00:25:00,799 If the US is busy fighting his neighbour, it won't get involved in the war in Europe. 如果美国忙于他的邻居， 它不会参与在欧洲的战争。 286 00:25:06,672 --> 00:25:12,421 When faced with the evidence of the Zimmermann Telegram, President Woodrow Wilson has no option. 当面临着齐默尔曼的证据 电报，伍德罗威尔逊总统别无选择。 287 00:25:13,592 --> 00:25:18,516 On April 6th, 1917, the US declares war on Germany. 1917年4月6日，美国宣布对德国宣战。 288 00:25:23,144 --> 00:25:28,565 Nineteen months later, World War I is won, due in no small part of the interception 19个月后，我是赢得了第二次世界大战， 由于没有截取的一小部分 289 00:25:28,565 --> 00:25:30,995 and decoding of the Zimmermann Telegram. 齐默尔曼电报解码。 290 00:25:38,315 --> 00:25:44,217 The solution of the Zimmermann Telegram, probably the most important cryptogram solution of all time, 齐默尔曼的电报，可能的解决方案 所有时间的最重要的cryptogram解决方案， 291 00:25:44,217 --> 00:25:49,635 brought the United States into the war, brought the United States onto the world stage, 美国带入战争， 带来了美国在世界舞台上， 292 00:25:49,635 --> 00:25:54,182 and in effect, changed the entire history of the 20th century. 和效果，改变了整个20世纪的历史。 293 00:25:54,725 --> 00:25:59,532 The Germans don't discover the Allies had cracked their codes until near the end of the war, 德国没有发现盟军已破获 他们的代码，直到战争结束后，附近的， 294 00:25:59,532 --> 00:26:03,848 and that their plans for Mexico were doomed to failure from the start. 和他们的计划是为墨西哥 从一开始就注定要失败的。 295 00:26:04,284 --> 00:26:07,763 The Zimmermann Telegram was a ludicrous idea, really. 齐默尔曼电报是一个可笑的想法，真的。 296 00:26:07,763 --> 00:26:12,757 Mexico was never going to declare war on the United States, all the armament factories in the 墨西哥是永远不会申报的战争 美国在军备工厂 297 00:26:12,757 --> 00:26:17,105 Americas were in the United States, and Germany could never supply Mexico 美洲在美国， 德国不可能供应墨西哥 298 00:26:17,105 --> 00:26:20,278 because the Atlantic was controlled by the British Royal Navy. 因为大西洋控制 由英国皇家海军。 299 00:26:20,278 --> 00:26:23,725 So they'll never get any arms or men over there in the first place. 所以，他们永远不会得到任何武器或男性 那边摆在首位。 300 00:26:24,090 --> 00:26:29,288 And Mexico finally didn't want back the three states it had lost, they were now at large 和墨西哥终于不想回三个 国家失去了，他们现在在大 301 00:26:29,288 --> 00:26:32,023 English-speaking, Mexico was Spanish-speaking. 讲英语，墨西哥是讲西班牙语。 302 00:26:32,023 --> 00:26:35,341 They didn't believe they'd be able to hold onto them even if they got them. 他们不相信他们会能够 举行转嫁到他们，即使他们得到了他们。 303 00:26:35,341 --> 00:26:36,595 So they refused. 于是，他们拒绝了。 304 00:26:37,316 --> 00:26:41,248 But the Zimmermann Telegram might not have been cracked if the Germans have been using 但是，齐默曼电报可能不会 如果德国人一直在使用已被破解 305 00:26:41,248 --> 00:26:45,944 a 500-year old device, known as the Alberti code disk. 500年的旧设备，被称为阿尔贝蒂码盘。 306 00:26:46,459 --> 00:26:53,226 It's secret wheels within wheels that can scramble alphabets so completely, they are virtually unreadable. 它的内轮子，可以争夺的秘密车轮 字母如此彻底，他们几乎不可读。 307 00:26:57,938 --> 00:27:04,202 Around 1470, it's the invention made by this man, Leon Battista Alberti, that changes 1470年前后，它作出的发明 这名男子，莱昂巴蒂斯塔阿尔贝蒂，改变 308 00:27:04,202 --> 00:27:05,636 cryptology forever. 密码学的永远。 309 00:27:07,175 --> 00:27:10,880 Alberti is one of the great forgotten men of the Renaissance. 阿尔贝蒂是一个伟大的 文艺复兴时期的被遗忘的男人。 310 00:27:11,466 --> 00:27:17,236 He was a great scientist, particularly he was interested in codes and ciphers, 他是一个伟大的科学家，尤其是他 兴趣代码和密码， 311 00:27:17,236 --> 00:27:19,609 and the center of this world is the Papacy. 和这个世界的中心是罗马教皇。 312 00:27:20,053 --> 00:27:26,171 Alberti had a friend who was one of the Pope secretaries, and he set him the challenge of 阿尔贝蒂有一个朋友谁是教皇 书记，他为他的挑战 313 00:27:26,171 --> 00:27:29,831 creating a method of coding documents. 创建一个文件的编码方法。 314 00:27:29,831 --> 00:27:34,716 And what Alberti came up with is perhaps the first ciphering device in history, 阿尔贝蒂来到了也许是 在历史上的第一个加密设备， 315 00:27:34,716 --> 00:27:36,585 which is the cipher wheel. 这是加密轮。 316 00:27:38,508 --> 00:27:45,137 It was a cipher disk, which produced the first form of polyalphabetic substitution. 这是一个加密的磁盘，这就产生了 第一种形式的字母替代。 317 00:27:45,137 --> 00:27:52,211 Called polyalphabetic, because as this turned, it produced different cipher alphabets. 多字母，因为作为结果， 它产生不同的密码字母。 318 00:27:52,838 --> 00:27:57,652 Each of the two rotating disks contained 24 letters of the Latin alphabet. 每个包含两个旋转磁盘 24字母的拉丁字母。 319 00:27:57,652 --> 00:28:00,592 The inner disk's letters are in random order. 内盘的字母，以随机顺序。 320 00:28:01,473 --> 00:28:06,449 Alberti's encryption process relies on both sender and receiver possessing identical disks, 阿尔贝蒂的加密过程，同时依赖 发送器和接收器具有相同的磁盘， 321 00:28:06,449 --> 00:28:11,011 and having previously agreed on an index, or key letter on the inner disk. 先前商定的索引， 内盘或关键信。 322 00:28:12,691 --> 00:28:16,506 The sender begins the message by randomly placing the index letter against any other 发送者开始通过随机消息 针对任何其他指数的信 323 00:28:16,506 --> 00:28:18,142 letter on the outer wheel. 信上外轮。 324 00:28:18,656 --> 00:28:22,241 This becomes the first capital letter of the enciphered message. 这将成为第一个大写字母 加密的消息。 325 00:28:22,590 --> 00:28:27,132 He continues sending his message by reading from the inner disk to the outer. 他继续他的消息发送 从内盘阅读外。 326 00:28:27,740 --> 00:28:33,066 After writing three or four words, the sender moves the inner disk a random number of places. 写作三或四个字后，发件人 移动内部磁盘的随机数的地方。 327 00:28:33,814 --> 00:28:37,515 He signifies this move to the receiver by a capital letter. 他表示这一举动的 接收器由一个大写字母。 328 00:28:38,321 --> 00:28:42,227 This ensures each segment of the message is separately encrypted. 这将确保每个段 消息是单独加密。 329 00:28:42,852 --> 00:28:47,534 Though the code is virtually unbreakable, the disk itself is slow to operate, 虽然几乎是牢不可破的代码， 磁盘本身是缓慢的操作， 330 00:28:47,867 --> 00:28:50,850 Alberti's device doesn't become widely used. 阿尔贝蒂的设备不被广泛使用。 331 00:28:54,020 --> 00:28:59,150 It's a future President, Thomas Jefferson, who in the 1790's develops the disk 这是一个未来的总统，托马斯杰斐逊， 在1790年开发的磁盘 332 00:28:59,150 --> 00:29:00,930 into a prototype machine. 成样机。 333 00:29:02,326 --> 00:29:08,025 Thomas Jefferson was the man who invented one of the most brilliant and clever cipher systems. 托马斯杰斐逊是该名男子是谁发明的 最辉煌，最聪明的加密系统之一。 334 00:29:08,036 --> 00:29:14,321 A sort of... kind of locks, which were like the attaché case locks, in which you line up three 排序... ...样的锁，这就好比 手提箱锁，其中最多的三线 335 00:29:14,321 --> 00:29:18,247 numbers together, and are able to open the attaché case. 数字加在一起，并能 打开手提箱。 336 00:29:18,247 --> 00:29:23,989 And he realized that if you replace the numbers with letters, you would have a kind of cipher system, 他意识到，如果更换号码 用字母，你会有一种加密系统， 337 00:29:23,989 --> 00:29:26,551 and the way it worked was as follows. 和它的工作方式如下。 338 00:29:26,551 --> 00:29:35,557 You created 24 disks, on the circumference of each, you had a mixed alphabet, jumbled alphabet, 你创建了24个磁盘，圆周 ，你有一个混合英文字母，乱蓬蓬的字母， 339 00:29:35,762 --> 00:29:38,146 each of the disks was numbered. 每个磁盘的编号。 340 00:29:39,095 --> 00:29:48,927 You and your correspondent assembled the disks in the same order, both of you, on this spindle. 您和您的记者组装磁盘 顺序相同的，你们俩在这个主轴。 341 00:29:49,379 --> 00:29:55,690 Then, to encipher a message, you put all the letters of your message on the single line - 然后，来加密消息，你把所有的 您的留言信件上的单行 - 342 00:29:56,294 --> 00:29:57,752 "attack “攻击 343 00:29:57,968 --> 00:29:58,874 at dawn 在黎明 344 00:29:59,255 --> 00:30:00,333 tomorrow". 明天“。 345 00:30:00,333 --> 00:30:07,293 Locked the disks together so they couldn't move, turned the entire contraption and picked out 锁定的磁盘在一起，使他们不能动弹， 把整个的玩意儿，并挑选出 346 00:30:07,293 --> 00:30:10,631 any other line as your ciphertext. 您的密文的任何其他线路。 347 00:30:10,631 --> 00:30:12,882 You sent that to the other person. 您发送给其他人。 348 00:30:12,882 --> 00:30:18,854 The other person with the disks assembled in the same order as you, line up all the letters 其他人与组装磁盘 和您一样的秩序，排队的所有字母 349 00:30:18,854 --> 00:30:24,990 of your cipher message on the single line, and then turn the entire contraption around 单行的密码消息， 然后打开整个玩意儿左右 350 00:30:24,990 --> 00:30:30,306 until he sees the single line, which makes sense in English. 直到他看到单行， 这使得在英语语感。 351 00:30:30,515 --> 00:30:32,779 That will be the plaintext message. 这将是明文消息。 352 00:30:36,179 --> 00:30:40,978 By the 20th century, Jefferson's machine was still in use by the US military. 到了20世纪，杰弗逊的机 仍然由美国军方使用。 353 00:30:43,385 --> 00:30:48,506 But the Germans are developing a machine that's about to overshadow Jefferson's wheel. 但是，德国正在开发一种机器 即将掩盖杰斐逊的车轮。 354 00:30:51,858 --> 00:30:56,996 In post-World War I Europe, secrecy between paranoid nations becomes paramount. 在战后我欧洲，保密之间 偏执的国家变得极为重要。 355 00:30:58,481 --> 00:31:01,804 The growth of the international commerce creates a need for companies to keep 国际贸易的增长 创建一个需要企业保持 356 00:31:01,804 --> 00:31:04,383 their information secret from competitors. 他们从竞争对手的信息保密。 357 00:31:07,106 --> 00:31:11,207 Germany's Arthur Scherbius develops the Enigma machine as a means of keeping 德国的阿瑟谢尔比斯发展 谜机保持的一种手段 358 00:31:11,207 --> 00:31:13,703 those business transactions secure. 这些业务交易的安全。 359 00:31:14,328 --> 00:31:18,147 It works by generating an electrical current when a letter key is pressed. 它的工作原理产生电流 当字母键被按下。 360 00:31:18,962 --> 00:31:22,731 A number of moving mechanical parts then scramble the path of the current, 一些移动机械部件，然后 争夺当前的路径， 361 00:31:23,062 --> 00:31:26,409 producing a different letter each time the key is pressed. 产生不同的信 每次按下该键。 362 00:31:29,594 --> 00:31:33,919 The Enigma machine is about to become the German army's most powerful codemaking 即将成为谜机 德国军队的最强大的codemaking 363 00:31:33,919 --> 00:31:35,523 weapon in World War II, 第二次世界大战的武器， 364 00:31:36,973 --> 00:31:41,842 a weapon they're confident can keep their secret military codes secret. 一个武器，他们有信心可以保持 他们的秘密军事法规的秘密。 365 00:31:43,716 --> 00:31:50,094 Arthur Scherbius had invented a machine, which if you gave the machine to the enemy, 亚瑟谢尔比斯发明了一台机器， 如果你给了敌人的机器， 366 00:31:50,930 --> 00:31:54,733 even if you gave the machine to the enemy, there would be so many complications, 即使你给机器的敌人， 会有这么多的并发症， 367 00:31:54,733 --> 00:32:00,958 so many possibilities that you could not in reasonable time decipher the message. 这么多的可能性，你不能 在合理时间内破译的消息。 368 00:32:03,081 --> 00:32:08,992 Just like the Alberti's code wheel, the Enigma machine creates multiple polyalphabetical substitution ciphers. 阿尔贝蒂的编码轮，就像谜机 创建多个polyalphabetical替代密码。 369 00:32:09,379 --> 00:32:14,524 It's fast, it's mechanized, and produces codes that seem unbreakable. 它速度快，它的机械化，并产生 似乎牢不可破的代码。 370 00:32:17,013 --> 00:32:21,657 It's a device for turning readable messages into unreadable messages. 这是一个把可读的消息的设备 成不可读的消息。 371 00:32:22,209 --> 00:32:30,236 Given an Enigma machine with an unknown set of wheels, the enemy has to consider that 由于未知的一个谜机 车轮，敌人认为 372 00:32:30,236 --> 00:32:34,285 that machine can be set up in 186 这台机器可以设定在186 373 00:32:34,285 --> 00:32:34,848 million 万美元 374 00:32:35,386 --> 00:32:36,062 million 万美元 375 00:32:36,063 --> 00:32:37,588 million ways. 万美元的方式。 376 00:32:38,416 --> 00:32:43,201 The millions of permutations are acheived by the number of variables involved when setting up the machine. 数以百万计的排列实现了由 设定本机时，所涉及的变量数目。 377 00:32:44,750 --> 00:32:48,628 At the height of the war, German operators change these settings every day. 在战后，德国运营商的高度 每天更改这些设置。 378 00:32:51,855 --> 00:32:54,962 They placed the rotors in the specified order from the left to right. 他们将在指定的转子 为了从左边到右。 379 00:32:56,999 --> 00:33:00,230 The rings that allow the rotors to turn are repositioned daily, 环，使转子 打开每天重新定位， 380 00:33:00,811 --> 00:33:04,656 as is the patch panel of cables are electrically linking one letter to another. 如电缆配线架 电气连接一个字母到另一个地方。 381 00:33:07,307 --> 00:33:11,847 These variables make the Enigma encryption virtually immune to frequency analysis. 这些变量使之谜加密 几乎不受频率分析。 382 00:33:13,687 --> 00:33:16,949 The Germans think their Enigma code uncrackable. 德国认为无法破解的谜代码。 383 00:33:17,826 --> 00:33:20,940 They believe no one has enough time or the mathematical ability to 他们相信没有人有足够的时间 或数学能力 384 00:33:20,940 --> 00:33:23,289 work through the millions of combinations. 通过组合数以百万计的工作。 385 00:33:25,158 --> 00:33:29,277 A coded message is created by typing the German plaintext into the machine, 创建一个编码的消息是通过键入 德国明文进入机， 386 00:33:29,277 --> 00:33:33,100 and then having the encrypted message transmitted via Morse code. 然后加密的消息 通过莫尔斯电码传送。 387 00:33:33,861 --> 00:33:40,093 With the outbreak of war, in September 1939, Nazi coded messages flood the radio airwaves. 随着战争的爆发，在1939年9月，， 纳粹编码的消息洪水无线电电波。 388 00:33:41,978 --> 00:33:46,833 At the same time, British military intelligence is in a process of setting up the most secret 与此同时，英国军事情报 在设立最秘密的过程 389 00:33:46,833 --> 00:33:48,558 place in wartime Britain, 在战时英国的地方， 390 00:33:49,117 --> 00:33:52,312 a place it hopes can crack the Enigma code. 一个地方，希望能破解谜代码。 391 00:33:55,219 --> 00:34:00,622 Bletchley Park, fifty miles north of London, becomes known as Station X. 布莱切利公园，伦敦以北50英里， 成为被称为站十。 392 00:34:04,036 --> 00:34:07,994 It's staffed by a hand-picked team of mathematicians and graduate scholars, 它配备一个钦点的团队 数学家和研究生学者， 393 00:34:08,357 --> 00:34:12,391 including Alan Turing, one of the founding fathers of modern computing. 包括阿兰图灵，建国 父亲的现代计算。 394 00:34:14,822 --> 00:34:18,301 Turing and his team are under extreme pressure to come up with some way, 图灵和他的团队在极端 用某种方式来的压力， 395 00:34:18,301 --> 00:34:22,027 either mathematical or mechanical, to crack the Enigma code. 数学或机械， 破解之谜代码。 396 00:34:26,750 --> 00:34:31,119 By 1940, fleets of German U-boats are sinking thousands of tons of Ally 到1940年，德国U型潜艇舰队 下沉数千万吨的盟友 397 00:34:31,119 --> 00:34:33,032 supply ships in the north Atlantic. 供应船只在北大西洋。 398 00:34:33,492 --> 00:34:37,590 The U-boats are receiving their orders by Enigma-coded radio messages. 399 00:34:39,019 --> 00:34:45,483 The U-boats in the north Atlantic were in constant coded communication with Germany, 在U型潜艇在北大西洋 恒定编码的沟通与德国， 400 00:34:45,483 --> 00:34:49,217 saying where these convoys where, and arranging for groups of U-boats 说这些车队的地方， 并安排U艇组 401 00:34:49,217 --> 00:34:52,583 to come together to attack them, and all of those messages were 走到一起攻击他们， 所有这些消息 402 00:34:52,583 --> 00:34:54,789 encoded using Enigma machines. 编码使用之谜机器。 403 00:34:54,789 --> 00:34:59,738 So cracking Enigma was the key to finding the U-boats and protecting the convoys. 所以开裂之谜寻找的关键 U艇和保护车队。 404 00:34:59,995 --> 00:35:04,637 Turing begins by exploiting the mathematical and human weaknesses of Enigma. 图灵开始利用数学 人性的弱点谜。 405 00:35:06,179 --> 00:35:10,066 Because the machine can not encrypt a letter as itself, Turing eliminates 因为机器不能加密 作为自己的信，图灵消除 406 00:35:10,066 --> 00:35:12,185 thousands of letter permutations. 成千上万的字母排列。 407 00:35:13,445 --> 00:35:17,322 Combine this inherent flaw with the fact that a lazy retired operators sometimes 这种固有的缺陷与事实相结合 一个懒惰的退休运营商有时 408 00:35:17,322 --> 00:35:21,470 forget to change their personal settings each day, and this lowers the odds further. 忘记改变他们的个人设置 每一天，这几率进一步降低。 409 00:35:25,705 --> 00:35:29,874 But it's daily weather forecast that gives the British their first major breakthrough. 但它的每日天气预报，让 英国的第一次重大突破。 410 00:35:30,752 --> 00:35:34,088 Everyday the Atlantic weather is broadcast from the U-boats, 每天大西洋天气 广播从U艇， 411 00:35:34,088 --> 00:35:36,564 and everyday it follows the same format - 和日常生活，它遵循相同的格式 - 412 00:35:36,564 --> 00:35:39,924 wind speed, atmospheric pressure and temperature. 风速，大气压力和温度。 413 00:35:42,292 --> 00:35:46,831 Seeing the same message lay-out each day gives Turing the idea of using what he calls "cribs" - 看到了同样的消息停工每天给出 图灵使用他称之为“婴儿床”的想法 - 414 00:35:47,489 --> 00:35:50,968 educated guesses to what these part of the messages might say. 什么这些的猜测 消息的一部分可能会说。 415 00:35:53,474 --> 00:35:57,741 This is a crib in German of a weather forecast from the Bay of Biscay region. 这是一个在德国的天气婴儿床 从比斯开湾地区湾的预测。 416 00:35:58,012 --> 00:36:02,105 The received encrypted message is placed against the German plaintext. 收到加密的消息是放在 对德国的明文。 417 00:36:02,392 --> 00:36:07,988 If any letter is matched up with themselves, S's as S's, V's as V's, then the crib is wrong, 如果任何一个字母是与自己相匹配， S公司为S，V的V的，然后婴儿床是错误的， 418 00:36:07,988 --> 00:36:10,929 as an Enigma can't encrypt any letter as itself. 作为一个谜不能加密任何字母作为本身。 419 00:36:11,165 --> 00:36:14,342 So they slide the message along until they find no matches. 因此，他们幻灯片消息沿 直到他们发现没有匹配。 420 00:36:19,792 --> 00:36:22,958 The British now have clues as to what might be in the messages, 英国现在有线索 的消息可能是什么， 421 00:36:22,958 --> 00:36:26,615 but it's still too many man-hours to work through all the permutations, 但它仍然是太多工时 工作通过所有的排列， 422 00:36:26,615 --> 00:36:29,526 and decipher the many thousands of daily intercepts. 每天拦截和破译成千上万。 423 00:36:32,721 --> 00:36:35,712 So they develop a machine of their own to rival the Enigma, 因此，他们开发出机 自己的对手谜， 424 00:36:36,187 --> 00:36:39,828 a device that attempts to reverse the encryption process of an Enigma machine, 一种装置，试图扭转 加密过程是一个谜机， 425 00:36:41,938 --> 00:36:43,409 known as the "Bombe". 被称为“Bombe”。 426 00:36:49,844 --> 00:36:55,555 It operates like a search engine - number crunching possible solutions to fragments of encrypted text. 它像一个搜索引擎 - 数字运算 加密的文本片段可能的解决方案。 427 00:37:00,251 --> 00:37:03,913 But can the Bletchley bombe crack the Enigma code before the German Navy 但是，布莱切利bombe破解 前德国海军的谜代码 428 00:37:03,913 --> 00:37:05,917 wins the War of the Atlantic? 赢得大西洋战争吗？ 429 00:37:16,818 --> 00:37:21,722 The British codebreakers of Bletchley Park now have a weapon to defeat the Nazi Enigma machine - 现在英国布莱切利公园的密码破译 有武器战胜纳粹之谜机 - 430 00:37:22,376 --> 00:37:23,613 the Bombe. Bombe。 431 00:37:23,910 --> 00:37:27,650 It's not designed to break coded messages, but to crunch through the millions of letter 这不是旨在打破编码的消息， 但紧缩通过数以百万计的信 432 00:37:27,650 --> 00:37:32,008 permutations contained in the so-called cribs, the clues obtained by the 在所谓的载排列 婴儿床，所获得的线索 433 00:37:32,008 --> 00:37:37,477 repeated use of weather reports, greetings, and testing notes sent by the Nazis. 反复使用的天气报告，问候， 测试纳粹发送的票据。 434 00:37:39,250 --> 00:37:43,985 The operator sets each drum into position according to the encipher crypt text through testing. 操作员设置到每个鼓的位置 通过测试encipher隐窝文本。 435 00:37:45,316 --> 00:37:49,084 As the machine operates, it generates intermediate electrical circuits that run 由于机器运行，它会产生 中间运行的电气线路 436 00:37:49,084 --> 00:37:51,256 through every possible Enigma setting. 通过一切可能的谜设置。 437 00:37:53,774 --> 00:37:57,707 The goal is to find an open circuit, which means the bombe has found a setting that 我们的目标是找到一个开路， 这意味着bombe已发现一个设置 438 00:37:57,707 --> 00:38:01,988 converts all of the cipher characters into plaintext without any errors. 转换所有的密码字符 成明文没有任何错误。 439 00:38:05,353 --> 00:38:11,702 It's a hugely complicated device with nearly 12 miles of wiring, and 97,000 carefully machined parts. 这是一个巨大的复杂的设备近12 英里的布线，和97,000名仔细加工零件。 440 00:38:17,076 --> 00:38:21,645 This bombe has been reconstructed from plans and rawings over the past 16 years. 这bombe已重建 在过去16年的计划和rawings。 441 00:38:25,507 --> 00:38:30,502 Back in 1943, Jean Valentine was one of the bombe operators at the Bletchley Park, 早在1943年，让情人节是一个 在布莱切利公园的bombe运营商， 442 00:38:30,502 --> 00:38:32,792 working under the strictest security. 根据严格的安全工作。 443 00:38:35,060 --> 00:38:39,637 Here in Bletchley, we had five bombs, and there were two people to each bomb, 布莱切利在这里，我们有五枚炸弹， 有两个人，每个炸弹， 444 00:38:39,637 --> 00:38:41,617 so there were ten of us on a watch. 所以，我们的手表10。 445 00:38:42,137 --> 00:38:47,854 And, apart from them, you did not talk to anybody about your job. 而且，除了他们之外，你没有 对你的工作，任何人谈话。 446 00:38:51,353 --> 00:38:54,988 The minute you walked out of the bombe room, got in there and they were told 你走出分钟bombe 室，得到了在那里，他们被告知 447 00:38:54,988 --> 00:38:59,929 to go back to wherever they lived, you didn't think or talk about it at all. 回到他们住的地方， 你没有想到，或谈论它在所有。 448 00:39:01,285 --> 00:39:04,958 Bletchley Park is one of the best examples of complete security in history, 布莱切利公园是最好的例子之一 在历史上的完整的安全， 449 00:39:05,528 --> 00:39:08,726 and Nazis had no idea that British were decoding their messages. 和纳粹没有想到，英国 他们的邮件被解码。 450 00:39:13,668 --> 00:39:16,847 They also had no idea that their code books and Enigma machines were being 他们也没想到，他们的代码 书籍和谜机 451 00:39:16,847 --> 00:39:18,747 retrieved from captured U-boats. 检索从捕获的U型艇。 452 00:39:21,803 --> 00:39:25,405 Turing and his team were working around- the-clock, cracking Enigma messages from 图灵和他的团队工作 时钟，破解之谜的消息 453 00:39:25,405 --> 00:39:30,739 U-boat positions to the location of reinforcements, and feeding this information the the Allies. U型艇的位置，以增援的位置， 和喂养此信息同盟国。 454 00:39:32,224 --> 00:39:37,421 By 1945, there are over 300 bombes in operation on both sides of the Atlantic, 到1945年，有超过300 bombes 大西洋两岸的运作， 455 00:39:37,817 --> 00:39:40,419 the days of the Nazi Enigma are numbered. 纳粹之谜的日子已经屈指可数。 456 00:39:43,009 --> 00:39:47,666 The cracking of Enigma and the intercepting and decoding of Nazi messages shapes the outcome 谜开裂和拦截 纳粹消息解码形状的结果 457 00:39:47,666 --> 00:39:50,362 of many campaigns and battles of World War II, 许多运动和第二次世界大战的战斗， 458 00:39:50,989 --> 00:39:54,586 including D-Day, Alamein, and Anzio. 包括D -日，阿拉曼，和安齐奥。 459 00:39:59,968 --> 00:40:03,930 But it's perhaps the vital role of decoding the U-boat messages in the north Atlantic 但是，这也许是解码至关重要的作用 在北大西洋的U型艇的消息 460 00:40:03,930 --> 00:40:05,852 that saves the most lives. 节省的大部分生活。 461 00:40:07,138 --> 00:40:12,018 Prime Minister Winston Churchill famously states that the Bletchley Park codebreakers 首相温斯顿丘吉尔的名言 指出布莱切利公园的密码破译 462 00:40:12,018 --> 00:40:15,861 were the "geese that laid the golden eggs, and never cackled". “鹅，奠定了 金蛋，从来没有cackled“。 463 00:40:17,307 --> 00:40:22,476 The war wasn't won by the codebreakers, the war was won by boots on the ground. 没有赢得这场战争的密码破译， 赢得这场战争是由地面上的靴子。 464 00:40:22,476 --> 00:40:28,572 Without it, the war would not have been lost, but on the other hand, with it, it was certainly 没有它，战争将不会丢失， 但另一方面，有了它，这是肯定 465 00:40:28,572 --> 00:40:30,599 shortened by a significant amount. 缩短了一个重要的量。 466 00:40:33,212 --> 00:40:37,952 After the Second World War, mathematicians like Alan Turing go on to become pioneers 第二次世界大战后，数学家 像艾伦图灵成为先驱 467 00:40:37,952 --> 00:40:39,068 of early computing. 早期的计算。 468 00:40:41,158 --> 00:40:44,941 They don't know it, but their inventions are about to help move the secret science of 他们不知道，但他们的发明 约，以帮助移动的秘密科学 469 00:40:44,941 --> 00:40:50,137 cryptology out of the shadowy world of espionage, and into everyday life. 隐语出间??谍的阴暗世界，融入日常生活。 470 00:40:51,834 --> 00:40:56,770 Our lives leave so many electronic traces on everything that we do; every purchase you make with 我们的生活留下这么多的电子痕迹 我们做的一切，您每购买 471 00:40:56,770 --> 00:41:01,873 the credit card is stored in a database, every visit to a doctor, every telephone call, every e-mail, 信用卡是存储在数据库中，每次访问 医生，每个电话，每个e - mail， 472 00:41:01,873 --> 00:41:09,249 everything you send, or communicating to the outside world, is recorded or will be in the near future. 一切您发送或沟通， 外面的世界，记录或将在不久的将来。 473 00:41:10,925 --> 00:41:15,484 Twenty-first century cryptology is based on the advanced mathematics, and the ability of 二十一世纪的隐语是基于 先进的数学和能力 474 00:41:15,484 --> 00:41:19,618 modern computers to perform calculations, and process information quickly. 现代计算机执行计算， 和处理信息的快速。 475 00:41:24,286 --> 00:41:28,485 I think the computers have the dramatic impact on codebreaking, in fact, it was 我认为电脑已经戏剧性 上codebreaking的影响，实际上，它是 476 00:41:28,485 --> 00:41:36,243 the necessity of trying to decipher World War II messages that really brought the computer 试图破译二战的必要性 真正使计算机的消息 477 00:41:36,243 --> 00:41:41,324 industry to bear, and was very much responsible for its development. 行业来承担，是非常 负责其发展。 478 00:41:41,526 --> 00:41:45,626 It also changed the nature of, I think, codemaking and breaking, in the sense that 它的性质也发生了变化，我认为， codemaking和突破，在某种意义上说， 479 00:41:45,626 --> 00:41:50,867 with the add of computers, it's more of mathematical issue now of "this is a hard math problem to solve", 随着计算机的添加，它的数学 现在的问题，“这是一个很难的数学问题解决”， 480 00:41:50,867 --> 00:41:56,680 and therefore you need to solve this problem in order to break the code. 因此，你需要解决这个 为了打破代码的问题。 481 00:41:57,193 --> 00:42:02,523 Yet the language used by a computer to process information is one of the most basic codes ever devised - 然而，由计算机使用过程中的语言 信息是有史以来设计的最基本的守则之一 - 482 00:42:03,401 --> 00:42:04,418 binary. 二进制。 483 00:42:05,739 --> 00:42:10,537 A computer is a group of transistors that have only two states when the electricity passes through them - 一台计算机是一组晶体管，只有 两个国家的电力通过它们 - 484 00:42:11,314 --> 00:42:15,822 on or off, which equals digital terms 1 or 0. 开启或关闭，这等于0或1的数字条款。 485 00:42:17,728 --> 00:42:22,189 It not just a computer's ability to process data quickly, but how it encrypts the data. 它不只是一个计算机的处理能力 数据传输速度，但它是如何对数据进行加密。 486 00:42:24,516 --> 00:42:30,273 In the past, codemakers have always needed a code- cracking key, shared between the sender and receiver. 在过去，codemakers一直需要一个代码 开裂的关键，发送者和接收者之间共享。 487 00:42:30,975 --> 00:42:34,319 And as we've seen, this key is vulnerable to interception. 正如我们所看到的，关键是容易被截取。 488 00:42:36,045 --> 00:42:39,976 But modern computer encryption has removed the need for a shared key. 但现代计算机加密 取消需要一个共享密钥。 489 00:42:40,418 --> 00:42:44,966 Instead, everyone uses a computer to send secure information has two keys - 相反，每个人都使用一台计算机发送 安全的信息有两个键 - 490 00:42:44,966 --> 00:42:47,524 a private key and a public key. 一个私钥和一个公钥。 491 00:42:49,044 --> 00:42:54,774 Essentially you have a private key that only you know and a public key that you can put on 从本质上讲，你有一个私钥，只有 你知道，你可以把一个公钥 492 00:42:54,774 --> 00:43:00,477 your web page, if you like, and people can then use your public key to encode a message 您的网页，如果你喜欢，人们可以 然后使用你的公共密钥来编码消息 493 00:43:00,477 --> 00:43:03,596 that only you can read with your private key, because your private key 只有您可以读取您的 私钥，因为你的私钥 494 00:43:03,596 --> 00:43:05,901 and public key are mathematically related. 和公钥与数学相关。 495 00:43:06,225 --> 00:43:08,613 The mathematics involved are staggering. 所涉及的数学是惊人的。 496 00:43:09,578 --> 00:43:14,795 The Enigma machine had over 180 million million million permutations of combinations, 谜机已超过180万 万美元的排列组合， 497 00:43:16,967 --> 00:43:20,866 but public-key cryptography deals with much bigger numbers than that. 但公钥加密处理 更大的数字比。 498 00:43:22,277 --> 00:43:25,556 Their encryption system is based on prime numbers - numbers that are 加密系统是基于 素数 - 数字 499 00:43:25,556 --> 00:43:28,371 only divisible by themselves and 1. 只有自己和1整除。 500 00:43:28,863 --> 00:43:32,907 Your private key is two randomly selected large prime numbers, 您的私钥是两个随机 选择大素数， 501 00:43:33,422 --> 00:43:37,788 your public key, the product of those two prime numbers. 你的公共密钥，产品 这两个素数。 502 00:43:38,758 --> 00:43:42,401 So when you send a secure message, your computer encrypts it using the 所以，当你发送一个安全的消息， 您的计算机加密使用 503 00:43:42,401 --> 00:43:48,473 product prime number, and decrypts an incoming message with the two prime numbers themselves. 产品质数，并解密传入 两个素数本身的消息。 504 00:43:49,246 --> 00:43:52,932 This works because no mathematical formulas have been discovered that can quickly factor 这工作，因为没有数学公式 已发现的，可以迅速的因素 505 00:43:52,932 --> 00:43:55,185 two prime numbers from one large one. 从一个大的两个素数。 506 00:43:57,784 --> 00:44:02,316 It's estimated that cracking a modern encrypted computer message using state of your hardware 据估计，破解了现代加密 计算机信息使用您的硬件状态 507 00:44:02,316 --> 00:44:08,089 will take over 13 billion years, about the same age as the universe. 将超过13亿年， 关于宇宙年龄。 508 00:44:13,710 --> 00:44:17,359 But public-key encryption isn't just a way of transmitting data securely, 但是，公钥加密不只是 一个安全的数据传输方式， 509 00:44:18,033 --> 00:44:21,825 you can also use it to verify those in cyberspace, and to check that 你也可以用它来验证这些 在网络空间，并检查 510 00:44:21,825 --> 00:44:23,834 no one is tampering with your data. 没有人篡改您的数据。 511 00:44:26,108 --> 00:44:30,325 If Mary, Queen of Scots had used public-key encryption, then she would have known that 如果苏格兰女王玛丽，曾使用公共密钥 加密，那么她就已经知道， 512 00:44:30,325 --> 00:44:32,661 Walsingham had been reading her messages. 沃尔辛厄姆已经阅读她的消息。 513 00:44:33,614 --> 00:44:37,464 And the outcome of both World Wars might have been different if the Germans had realized 两次世界大战的结果可能 有所不同，如果德国人已经意识到 514 00:44:37,464 --> 00:44:40,501 that their secret messages weren't as secret as they thought. 他们的秘密消息 秘密，因为他们认为。 515 00:44:46,710 --> 00:44:52,362 For the moment, the long battle of cat versus mouse, codemakers versus codebreakers, 目前，猫长的争斗 与鼠标，codemakers与密码破译， 516 00:44:52,701 --> 00:44:55,490 appears had been won by the codemakers. 似乎已经取得了胜利的codemakers。 517 00:44:59,771 --> 00:45:03,445 But codes are only as secure as the people who make and use them. 但代码只作为安全 从事制造和使用它们的人。 518 00:45:03,966 --> 00:45:08,310 Sometime soon, a human computer programmer will make a typical human error, 有时很快，一个人的电脑 程序员将一个典型的人为错误， 519 00:45:08,886 --> 00:45:14,663 and create the need for someone, or something, to invent the next generation of codes, 并创建为别人的需要，或一些， 发明下一代的代码， 520 00:45:15,972 --> 00:45:19,379 and the cat will start chasing the mouse all over again. 和猫会开始追逐 鼠标一遍。 521 00:45:19,379 --> 00:47:00,000 --- The End --- ---完---