Do you want to know a secret? 你想知道一个秘密吗？
Every day around the world, all of us use secret codes, and we don't even realize it. 世界各地的每一个日子，我们都使用暗号， ，我们甚至不知道它。
There has always been a battle between people 一直有一个人之间的战斗
who want to keep secrets and people who want to get those secrets. 要保守秘密，并 人谁想要得到这些秘密。
It's a battle that has raged on for centuries as codes have been cracked and history changed forever. 这是一个战斗已持续了几个世纪作为代码 已破获历史永远改变了。
This queen loses her head when her enemies intercept and decode her conspiracy messages. 这皇后失去了她的头时，她的敌人 拦截和解码她的阴谋的消息。
Mary, Queen of Scots was convinced her codes wouldn't be broken. 苏格兰女王玛丽被说服 她的代码不会被打破。
The interception of this coded telegram sent by 截取发送编码电报
Arthur Zimmermann forces the Americans into the First World War. 亚瑟齐默尔曼势力的美国人 到第一次世界大战。
The solution of the Zimmermann Telegram changed the entire history of the 20th century. 齐默尔曼电报的解决方案 改变了整个20世纪的历史。
The Zodiac Killer continues stalking the streets of San Francisco and murders again, 生肖杀手继续缠扰街头 旧金山和谋杀再次，
(gun shooting...) （枪射击... ...）
because his coded messages can't be cracked. 因为他的编码信息可以不被破解。
If you're trying to solve a message from the killer, you will guess at what possible words might be in them. 如果你正在试图解决从杀手的消息， 你会在什么可能的话可能会在他们的猜测。
Well, "kill" might be one, "victim" might be another. 那么，“杀”可能是一个“受害者”可能是另一个。
This is the story of the continuing battle between codemakers and codebreakers, 这是继续战斗的故事 codemakers和密码破译之间，
and how their fight shaped our world. 和他们的斗争如何塑造我们的世界。
Codemakers have always gone to extraordinary lengths to keep their secretly coded messages secret. 一直Codemakers了非凡的长度 保持他们偷偷编码的消息的秘密。
In 1587, a future queen of England loses her head, thinking this code unbreakable. 1587年，未来的英格兰王后失去了她的头， 思考这个代码牢不可破。
The key players in this Elizabethan tragedy are Mary, Queen of Scots, her cousin, Queen Elizabeth I of England, 在这个伊丽莎白悲剧的主要角色是玛丽， 苏格兰的女王，她的表姐，英格兰女王伊丽莎白一世，
Catholic English nobleman Anthony Babington, spymaster Sir Francis Walsingham, 天主教英国贵族安东尼巴宾顿， 王牌间谍爵士弗朗西斯沃尔辛厄姆
and a mysterious genius called Thomas Phelippes. 一个神秘的天才，所谓的托马斯Phelippes。
Mary, Queen of Scots, being Queen of Scotland, but had to flee the country, 苏格兰的玛丽女王，苏格兰女王，但 不得不逃离该国，
and come to England where she was theoretically a guest of Queen Elizabeth I of England. 来到英国，她在理论上 做客英格兰女王伊丽莎白一世。
But the English government had real problems with this because England was a Protestant nation 但英国政府有这个实际问题 由于英国是新教国家
and the Queen was Protestant. 和王后是新教徒。
Mary, Queen of Scots was a Catholic, and she was next in the line to the throne 苏格兰的玛丽女王是天主教徒， 和她行旁边的宝座
if Elizabeth didn't have any children. 如果伊丽莎白没有任何子女。
So she was naturally the center of any conspiracy to get rid of Elizabeth, and replace the 于是，她自然中心的任何阴谋 伊丽莎白摆脱，并取代
Protestant queen with a new Catholic queen. 新教皇后，一个新的天主教女王。
Under lock and key, with her every move carefully watched. 根据锁和钥匙，与她的一举一动仔细观看。
Mary must think of even more secret in devious ways of communicating with 玛丽必须想更秘密 迂回沟通方式
her Catholic allies in London, France and Spain. 她在伦敦，法国和西班牙的天主教盟友。
She decides to use a series of ciphers to communicate secretly with people, which even if 她决定使用一系列的密码 沟通暗中与人交往，这即使
they are intercepted, then she assumes nobody will be able to read them 他们被截获，然后她假设 无人能阅读
because they are all in code. 因为他们都是在代码中。
In June 1586, Mary begins corresponding with Catholic conspirator Anthony Babington. 在1586年6月，玛丽开始相应的 天主教阴谋家安东尼巴宾顿。
The methods that Babington and Mary, Queen of Scots decided upon to 的方法，巴宾顿和玛丽， 苏格兰女王决定点名
get the letters between each other is to use the services of the brewer 对方是字母 使用布鲁尔服务
who delivers beer to Mary's household once a week. 提供啤酒玛丽的家庭每周一次。
So she would write a letter, which her secretaries would then encode, 于是，她写了一封信，这 她的秘书，然后编码，
and once she had coded the letter, it was rolled up. Very small. 一旦她编码的信， 它卷起。非常小。
And then what they'd done was hollow out the bung inside the beer barrels so the 然后他们想要做的是镂空 所以啤酒桶内塞
letter could be placed inside the bung. 信可以放在里面塞。
The bung put back in the barrel, and then the brewer would drive out with the barrels, “塞放回桶，然后 布鲁尔将驱动器与万桶，
and take the letter out and have it delivered to Babington in London. 信有 交付给巴丙顿在伦敦。
Mary writes her secret letters using what's known as a nomenclator. 玛丽写道她使用的秘密信件 什么是已知的作为nomenclator。
This cipher uses individual symbols to correspond to individual letters. 此cipher使用单独的符号 对应的单个字母。
To hasten the writing of a long letter, commonly used words and phrases, 要赶紧写了一封长信， 常用词和短语，
such as "how", "why", and "when" are given their own symbol. 如“如何”，“为什么”和“时” 有自己的符号。
Codes can be as simple or as complex as you want them to be. 代码可以简单或 你想让他们复杂。
It's just a matter of choosing the right tool for the job. 这只是一个选择的权利问题 作业的工具。
So how do you know which type of code to use? 所以，你怎么知道使用哪种类型的代码？
One man who knows the answer is David Kahn, an expert on keeping secrets. 一个人谁知道答案是大卫卡恩 保密专家。
He's the author of the best-selling book, The Codebreakers, and widely regarded as 他的畅销书的作者， 密码破译，被广泛视为
the world's leading expert on the history of codes and cryptology. 世界领先的专家 代码和密码学的历史。
For centuries, when you used a cipher, you had to have a key to encipher the message. 数百年来，当您使用密码， 你必须有一个密钥来加密消息。
The person who wanted to unlock that message had to have the exact same key 想解开的人 消息有相同的密钥
so that he was able to unlock the message. 让他能解开的消息。
Over two thousand years ago, Roman emperor Julius Caesar realizes that keeping the key to 两千年前，罗马皇帝 凯撒大帝意识到保持的关键
his ciphers a secrect is of great military importance, 他的密码secrect是伟大的军事重要性，
so he creates one of the first-ever recorded ciphers to pass secret information on to his generals. 所以他创造了有史以来第一个记录 密码传递给他的将军们的秘密信息。
* actually three places When Julius Caesar wanted to put a letter into cipher, he slid each letter four places* to the left *实际上是三个地方 当凯撒大帝希望把一个字母 密码，他下滑的每个字母左四个地方*
so that "A" became "D", "B" became "E", and so forth. 一个让“”成为“D”，“B”变成“E”的，等等。
But Caesar's shift cipher is easily broken, 但是，凯撒的转变密码是容易破碎，
once you determine that the key is a shift of four letters, you crack the entire message. 一旦确定，关键是一个转变 四个字母，你需要破解的整个消息。
To solve Mary, Queen of Scots's cipher requires far more ingenuity. 为了解决玛丽女王的苏格兰的密码 需要多得多的匠心。
Mary was very convinced that her codes wouldn't be broken. 玛丽是很不服气 她的代码不会被打破。
She was very careful to regularly change them to create new alphabets. 她非常小心，定期更改 他们创造新的字母。
She inserted nulls, which are symbols that don't mean anything, throughout her codes 她插入空值，这是没有的符号 整个她的代码意味着什么，
to try to prevent them being broken. 设法防止他们被打破。
But she's unaware at the time that the English state, particularly Francis Walsingham, 但她不知道当时 英语国家，特别是弗朗西斯沃尔辛厄姆
Secretary of State, has employed a man called Thomas Phelippes who's a brilliant cryptographer, 国务卿，聘请了一个叫 托马斯Phelippes是一个辉煌的密码学，
who has worked for the English as new method of actually cracking these codes. 谁曾作为新英语 实际上破解这些代码的方法。
It's known as frequency analysis, and works by studying how commonly used letters appear when enciphered. 它被称为频率分析，并通过研究工作 如何常用的字母出现时加密。
So when Babington's name is encrypted using Mary's cipher, it's easy to spot the repeated letters. 因此，当巴宾顿的名字是加密 玛丽的密码，很容易发现重复的字母。
Spymaster Sir Francis Walsingham and his mysterious cryptographer, Thomas Phelippes, 王牌间谍爵士弗朗西斯沃尔辛厄姆和他的 神秘的密码专家，托马斯Phelippes
whose portrait doesn't exist, immediately begin cracking all of Mary's codes. 其肖像不存在，立即 开始开裂玛丽的所有代码。
They're looking for a single piece of treasonous evidence to prove Mary is plotting with the 他们正在寻找一个单件的叛逆 证据证明玛丽是与策划
Catholics to overthrow Queen Elizabeth. 推翻伊丽莎白女王的天主教徒。
Mary, Queen of Scots, received a letter from Babington, in which he explains that 苏格兰女王玛丽，收到了一封信 从巴宾顿，他解释说，
he intends to assassinate Queen Elizabeth I. 他打算暗杀英国女王伊丽莎白一世
Her secretaries warned her not to reply to it because she might incriminate herself 她的秘书警告她不答复 因为她可能会连累自己
if the letter's ever intercepted. 如果信的过截获。
But she does anyway, and she suggests ways in which she might be broken out 但她无论如何，她建议 她可能被打破的方式
of her prison and what would then happen to make her Queen of England. 她的监狱和将发生什么 使她的英国女王。
Mary's reply to Babington's assassination letter is immediately intercepted by Thomas Phelippes 玛丽巴宾顿的暗杀信的答复 立即上前托马斯Phelippes
before it can be smuggled out of the prison. 才可以偷运出监狱。
He decodes it and realizes that in this letter he has exactly the evidence of treason 他解码，并认识到，在这封信中 他正好有叛国罪的证据
that they need to finally execute Mary, 他们需要到最后执行玛丽，
and he does two extraordinary things. 和他两个不平凡的事。
He writes a postscript on the letter, he forges some extra lines on the bottom 他写的信后记 他伪造一些多余的线条，在底部
of the letter, pretending that Mary is asking for the names of the people who are actually 信，假装玛丽要求 谁是真正的人的名字
going to assassinate Queen Elizabeth I. 要暗杀英国女王伊丽莎白一世
He then folds the letter up, and on the outside he draws a gallows because he knows 然后，他的信折叠起来，在外面 他绘制了绞刑架，因为他知道
this is the letter that will finally incriminate her and bring her to her death. 这是信将最终 连累她，带她到她的死亡。
Queen Elizabeth can't ignore her cousin's Catholic plotting. 伊丽莎白女王不能忽视 她的表妹的天主教阴谋。
Mary, Queen of Scots is beheaded at Fotheringhay Castle in February 1587, 苏格兰的玛丽女王是被斩首 Fotheringhay城堡1587年二月，
in front of 300 witnesses. 在300名证人面前。
The symbols Mary uses in her cipher bear an uncanny resemblance to those written by a serial killer, 玛丽的符号使用承担离奇的，在她的密码 由一个连环杀手的书面的相似之处，
stalking San Francisco almost 400 years later. 缠扰旧金山近400年后。
But this cipher has an added complexity. Each symbol has many different meanings. 但是，这个密码已经增加了复杂性。 每个符号都有很多不同的含义。
Can the code be cracked (gun shooting...) before the killer strikes again? 代码被破解（枪射击... ...） 前再次杀手罢工？
Between 1968 and 1973, a lone killer preys on young people in the San Francisco Bay Area. 1968年至19??73年，一个孤独的杀手的猎物 在旧金山湾区的年轻人。
Twenty-two-year old Darlene Ferrin and nineteen-year old Mike Mageau 第二十二条岁的达琳铁蛋白 十九岁的麦克Mageau
sit parked near a golf course. 坐在停泊在附近的高尔夫球场。
It's almost midnight on Friday, the 4th of July, 1969. 这几乎是上周五的午夜， 7月4日，1969年。
A car approaches, and flashes its lights. 一辆车的方法，并闪烁灯光。
The couple get their ID's ready, thinking it's the police. 夫妇得到他们的ID的准备，思考它的警察。
What...? (gun shooting...) 什么... ...？ （枪射击... ...）
He fires nine shots. The young man survives, but the girl dies. 他火灾9杆。年轻的 男子幸存，但女孩死亡。
A reign of terror begins. 恐怖统治开始。
Over the next six years, the killer commits at least five known murders, 在未来六年中，杀手 提交至少五个著名的谋杀，
though he himself claims seven. Some experts put the figure as high as 37. 尽管他本人声称七个。有些 专家们把这一数字高达37。
He is never caught. 他没有抓到。
Nearly a month after the murder, he sends three coded messages to three local newspapers, 杀人后将近一个月，他发送 三个地方报纸的三个编码的消息，
demanding they be published. 要求他们公布。
He threatens that if the codes aren't printed, he'll go on a kill rampage. 他威胁说，如果代码不 印，他将在杀死横冲直撞。
But if the codes are cracked, they'll reveal his identity. 但是，如果代码被破解， 他们会透露他的身份。
Within days of his sending the coded messages, he writes again, 他发送的编码内的天 消息，他写道再次，
this time calling himself "Zodiac". 这个时候，自称“十二生肖”。
The Zodiac Killer used what's called a homophonic cipher. 生肖杀手使用什么 所谓谐音的密码。
This means that each letter of the original message could be replaced 这意味着，每个信 可以替换原始邮件
by one or two or three different symbols. 由一个或两个或三个不同的符号。
So if the most frequent letter in the English language "E" is replaced not 因此，如果在最频繁的信 更换英文“E”是不仅
by just "X" but by "X", "Q", and "R", that will make it more difficult to solve. 只是“X”，但“X”，“Q”和“R”的， 这将使其更难以解决。
Using a homophonic cipher means the killer is aware of letter frequency analysis, 使用谐音加密手段 杀手是知道的字母频率分析，
and seeks to disguise any repeated letters in his messages. 并设法掩饰任何反复 消息在他的信件。
He chooses a group of symbols he likes, allocates them to represent letters of the alphabet, 他选择了他喜欢的一组符号， 它们分配给代表的字母，
and cycles them so that the same symbol doesn't repeat. 和他们，使循环 不会重复相同的符号。
It was a race against time to crack the Zodiac's code. 这是一个对时间的竞赛 破解十二生肖的代码。
The FBI, CIA, NSA, and Naval Intelligence all begin work on the cipher. 联邦调查局，中央情报局，国家安全局，海军情报 开始工作的密码。
But it's a school teacher and his wife in Salinas, California, armed only with 但它是一个学校的老师和他的妻子 萨利纳斯，加利福尼亚州，武装只与
pen and paper, that cracked the killer's code. 笔和纸，破获杀手的代码。
Donald Harden calculates the killer's ego with demand that message would include the letter "I". 拉姆斯哈登计算杀手的自我 消息要求将包括字母“I”。
He also knows that one of the most commonly used double letters is "L". 他也知道，最 常用的双字母为“L”。
If you're trying to solve the message from the killer, you will guess at what possible words might be in them. 如果你试图解决从杀手的消息， 你会在什么可能的话可能会在他们的猜测。
Well, "kill" might be one, "police" might be another, "escape" might be another, 那么，“杀”可能是一个“警察”可能 ，“逃离”可能是另一个，
"victim" might be another. “受害者”可能是另一种。
Using a homophonic cipher relies on the writer to correctly cycle the symbols to avoid 使用谐音加密依赖于作家 正确周期的符号，以避免
repeating the same combination of symbols for double letters. 重复相同的组合 双字母的符号。
This is where Harden and his wife get lucky - the killer gets bored or sloppy writing his message. 这是硬化和他的妻子很幸运 - 杀手变得无聊或马虎，写他的消息。
And as Harden predicts, the first word they crack contains the double letter "L" - 哈登预测，第一个字 他们破解包含双字母“L” -
"KILL". “杀”。
It takes the Hardens six days to decipher the entire message, 它采用变硬6天 解密整个消息，
beating all the other government agencies. 击败所有其他政府机构。
But California's jubilation is short-lived, the message just taunts the police, 但加州的喜庆是短命的， 消息刚嘲弄警察，
and doesn't reveal the killer's identity. 并没有透露凶手的身份。
To make matters worse, the killer sends another coded message that can't be cracked using the Hardens' key. 更糟的是，凶手发送另一个编码 消息不能被破解使用变硬“的关键。
The so-called "340 cipher", named after the amount of characters 所谓“340密码”， 命名后的字符数量
it contains, has never been solved. 它包含了，一直没有得到解决。
Forty years later, this symbolic processing class at the University of North Texas, is 40年后，这个象征性的处理 在北德州大学类，
attempting to decode the 340-character cipher. 试图解码340个字符的密码。
Professor Ryan Garlick is determined to crack the Zodiac code, but the numbers are stacked against him. 瑞安Garlick教授决心破解 生肖代码，但数字是对他的堆放。
The Zodiac 340 cipher contains 63 unique symbols, and so if we say that 包含63生肖340密码 独特的符号，所以如果我们说
there can be 26 letters represented by each symbol, then that gets 26 可以是26个字母代表 每一个符号，然后得到26
to the 63rd possible keys to decipher, and that's a 90-digit number, which means 第63可能的密钥破译， 这是一个90位数字，这意味着
that even if we put a powerful computer, a group of computers to work on the problem, 即使我们把功能强大的计算机， 一组计算机上的问题，
then we still can't run through all the possible combinations. 然后，我们仍然不能运行通过 所有可能的组合。
He thinks one way to try and solve it is to create computer shortcuts. 他认为，尝试和解决问题的方法之一 是创建计算机的快捷方式。
The software that we developed at the University of North Texas uses a genetic algorithm, 我们在大学所开发的软件 北德克萨斯州使用了遗传算法，
which takes sort of candidate keys, and has a mapping of the symbol in the cipher to an English letter, 候选键，并已映射 在一个英文字母的密码的象征，
and we will generate those keys randomly. 我们将随机生成这些密钥。
The computer program runs in three parts - first, it converts each symbol of the original 计算机程序运行三个部分 - 首先，它可以将每个原始符号
Zodiac message into a text that the computer can read; 十二生肖消息成文本 计算机可以读取;
then the software guesses the English letter each symbol might correspond to; 然后猜测英语软件 每个字母符号可能对应;
finally, based on that guess, it tries to make English words out of the letters
that the program produces.
And we come in and score each key, and say well this key produces a
solution that looks English-like. 看起来类似英语的解决方案。
So, we then take the top portion of our potential solutions, and say let's 因此，我们采取的顶端部分 我们潜在的解决方案，并说让我们
take half of this good solution, and combine it with the other half of 很好的解决方案的一半， 它结合的另一半
another good solution and see if the child of those two potential solutions is any better. 另一个很好的解决方案，看看如果孩子 这两个潜在的解决方案是更好的。
The constant combining of the keys from the good solutions often create more English words, 不断从结合的关键 良好的解决方案往往创造更多的英语单词，
but as of now, none had provided a complete solution with meaningful sentences. 但截至目前，没有人提供了一个完整的 解决方案与有意义的句子。
After many thousands of hours of calculation, the code still hasn't been cracked. 经过成千上万小时计算， 代码还没有被破解。
The identity of the Zodiac Killer remains a mystery. 十二生肖杀手的身份仍是一个谜。
But how did one man back in the 1960's come up with an unbreakable code in the first place? 但是，如何做一个人早在1960年的 拿出摆在首位的牢不可破的代码？
He may have used some books that were available at that time. 他有可能使用一些图书 当时提供的。
So, you know if Chapter One of that book is a homophonic substitution cipher that we 所以，你知道，如果这本书的第一章 是同音替代密码，我们
know that's how the first of all ciphers was coded. Then, we definitely want to look at 知道这是如何被编码的所有密码。 然后，我们一定要看看
Chapter Two of that book to see how this one might be decoded. 看到这本书的第二章 这其中可能是如何解码。
On of the few books publicly available about codes back in the 1960's was 关于公开可用的几本书 早在1960年的守则，
written by none other than David Kahn. 书面莫过于大卫卡恩。
I'd like to think it's a viable theory that he may have learned about 我想认为这是一个可行的理论 他可能已经了解了
codes from "The Codebreakers". 代码从“密码破译”。
I'm not happy that it was used to help a killer. 我不开心，这是用来帮助一个杀手。
Books are the keys to creating and cracking many codes, 出版的书籍有许多守则，以创建和打击的关键，
a piece of text that both the sender and the receiver each have access to. 某一段文字的发送者 和接收器，每个人都有访问。
One of the most well-known and mysterious codes is based on one of the most famous documents. 其中最知名的和神秘 代码是基于最有名的文件之一。
If you can crack the Beale ciphers, they'll lead you to the location of buried treasure - 如果你能破解比尔密码，他们会 带领你的宝藏的位置 -
gold, silver, and jewels with an estimated 36 million dollars. 金，银，和与珠宝 估计有36亿美元。
The location of the treasure is encrypted somewhere in the words of "The Declaration of Independence". 宝藏的位置是加密的地方 在“独立宣言”的话。
These are the Beale ciphers, potentially the most valuably coded messages in the world. 这些都是比尔密码，潜在的 编码在世界上最有价值的消息。
The Beale ciphers are a series of encrypted messages, which seem to indicate the location of a buried treasure. 比尔密码了一系列加密消息， 这似乎表明一个宝藏的位置。
The origin of the Beale ciphers are shrouded in mystery. 比尔密码的起源扑朔迷离。
The story begins in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia. 故事开始在弗吉尼亚州的蓝岭山脉。
Between 1819 and 1821, Mr. Thomas Jefferson Beale and a group of friends allegedly buried 在1819年和1821年，托马斯杰斐逊先生 比尔和一组据称埋的朋友
two loads of treasure, somewhere within a four-mile radius of the town Buford's Tavern. 珍惜，某处在两个负载 四英里的半径镇布福德的小酒馆。
The quantity of treasure is enormous - 29 hundred pounds of gold, 51 hundred pounds of silver, 宝藏的数量是巨大的 - 29 100磅重的金，51银一百英镑，
and 13,000 dollars worth of jewels. 和13000美元的珠宝价值。
Beale carefully notes the secret location, and sets about making sure that no one can find it. 比尔仔细注意到秘密地点，并 确保没有人可以找到它的套左右。
He enciphers his secret in three separate parts, and gives it to the owner of a local hotel. 他enciphers他在三个独立的部分的秘密， 并赋予它以当地一家酒店的所有者。
Mr. Beale then completely disappears forever. 比尔先生，然后完全消失，永远。
The first coded message tells the location of the buried gold, silver, and jewels; 第一个编码的消息告诉了位置 埋的金，银和珠宝;
the second, the quantity of the treasure; 第二，宝藏的数量;
and the third, a list of names to whom the treasure rightfully belongs. 第三，到名称列表 人珍惜理所当然属于的。
By the 1860's, the ciphers are in the possession of a mysterious, unnamed author 到1860年，在密码 藏有一个神秘的，无名的作者
who sets about cracking them. 他集打击他们。
He guesses the code's based on a printed text, but which text? 他猜测代码的基础上， 打印的文本，但文本？
He claims he tries every book he can lay his hands on before "The Declaration of Independece" 他声称，他尝试每本书他可以奠定他 双手之前，“独立宣言”
gives him the clue he is looking for. 给他，他正在寻找的线索。
He starts by numbering the words in the Declaration so that "when" becomes 1, 他开始编号的话， “宣言”，使“当”变为1，
"in" becomes 2, "the" - 3, "course" - 4, "of" - 5, "human" - 6, and so on. “中的”变为2，“” - 3，“课程” - 4， “” - 5，“人” - 6，等等。
Then he painstakingly finds the words in the Declaration that match the numbers 然后，他千辛万苦找到的话， “宣言”，相匹配的数字
of the Beale ciphers, and finally cracks the code. 比尔密码，终于出现裂缝的代码。
Unfortunately, this method only deciphers one of the three messages - 不幸的是，这种方法只 解密的三条消息之一 -
the cipher telling the quantity of treasure. 密码告诉宝藏的数量。
The other two, naming the shareholders and the treasure's location, remain unbroken 另外两个，命名的股东和 宝藏的位置，保持完整
almost 150 years later. 近150年后。
My own conclusion is that it's some kind of hoax. 我自己的结论是，它的一些骗局。
Somebody has made up a phony, secret message to drive a million amateur codebreakers crazy 有人作出了一个假冒的，秘密的信息 驱动一百万的业余密码破译疯狂
in the hope of finding this treasure somewhere down near Roanoke, Virginia. 希望能找到这个宝藏 某处，弗吉尼亚州罗阿诺克附近。
Codes based on a printed text eventually fall out of fashion. 基于印刷文本的代码 最终掉下来的时尚。
But home-made, hand-written code books, the stuff of spy movies are essential 但自制的，手工编写的代码的书籍， 间谍电影的东西是必不可少的
in the time before computers, especially 在电脑，尤其是前
in times of war, when capturing an enemy's codes meant the difference between life or death. 在战争时期，捕获敌人的时 代码意味着生命或死亡之间的差异。
For the first three years of World War I, British and German armies slaughter each other 对于第3年第一次世界大战中， 英国和德国军队屠杀对方
in the mud of northern France. 在法国北部的泥。
By 1917, Britain is desperate for help from the United States. 到1917年，英国是求贤若渴 来自美国的帮助。
Germany is equally desperate that America doesn't join the war. 德国同样是绝望的，美国不加入战争。
The interception and decoding of this single encrypted message is a major factor in forcing 这种单一的截取和解码 加密的消息是在强迫的一个主要因素
President Woodrow Wilson to declare war on Germany. 伍德罗威尔逊总统宣布对德国宣战。
In the days before computers and the World Wide Web, communicating with 在电脑前的天， 万维网，沟通
the world is a much slower and potentially dangerous business. 世界是一个慢得多， 有潜在危险的业务。
At the beginning of the 20th century, the world is connected together by telegraph. 在20世纪初， 通过电报，世界连接在一起。
Cables have been physcially laid between countries, right across the Atlantic, 电缆已physcially奠定之间 右横跨大西洋的国家，
across the Mediterranean to North Africa. 整个北非的地中海。
And those are the lines of communication. There is a web across the world of these 而这些通信线路。 有一个跨越这些世界网络
physical cables across land and under the sea, which enable countries to communicate with each other. 在陆地和海面下的物理电缆， 这使各国能够互相沟通。
Well, just like its modern counterpart, this telegraph network is open to hackers. 好了，就像其现代，这 电报网络黑客的攻击是开放的。
In this case, the British government has been listening at all German messages crossing the 在这种情况下，英国政府已 听过路的所有德国消息
Atlantic since 1914. 大西洋自1914年以来。
And this is where the messages end up - Whitehall in London. 这是消息 - 伦敦白厅中。
In 1917, this is the most secret place in Britain. 1917年，这是英国最秘密的地方。
A nerve center of military espionage and codebreaking, known as Room 40. 一个军事间谍活动的神经中枢， codebreaking，被称为室40。
Even though the British captured several German code books earlier in the war, the Germans are 尽管英国捕获几个德国 前面的代码书在战争中，德国人
constantly changing them. 不断变化的。
They are were a series of very large code books containing 10,000 words and phrases 他们是一个非常大的代码的 书包含10,000个单词和短语
numbered from 0 to 9,999. 编号从0到9999。
Then they encrypt them again by adding extra digits, the so-called double-decker super encipherment. 然后，他们再通过添加额外的数字加密， 所谓的双层超级保密。
Many of the German messages are routine communications between trenches and the 许多德国的消息更是家常便饭 战壕和通信
front line concerning troop movements and supplies. 前线调兵和补给。
But occasionally, there are diplomatic messages between German embassies around Europe. 但偶尔，也有外交消息 欧洲各地的德国大使馆。
These are encrypted using the diplomatic code, 0075, which the British have only recently 这些加密使用的外交代码， 0075，英国最近才
discovered, and not yet fully cracked. 发现的，尚未完全破解。
So when a coded telegram sent from Berlin to the German Minister in Mexico is intercepted 因此，当来自柏林的一个编码电报发送 德国部长在墨西哥被截获
in January 1917, it's a race to decode it. 在1917年1月，它是一个种族解码。
It's often essential when you're solving a code to try to guess the words. 当你解决，这往往至关重要 代码试图猜测的话。
You're faced with a blank bunch of numbers, what do they mean? 你面对一个空白的一堆 数字，什么意思？
However, they don't exist in the vacuum. 然而，他们不存在真空。
People have sent diplomatic telegrams for a long time, and diplomatic telegrams 人们已将外交电报 很长一段时间，和外交电报
often begin with "The honoured" to "inform Your Excellency". 往往开始与“贵人” “通知阁下”。
So if you have seen this in plaintext, you can guess that may be the beginning formula in code text. 所以，如果你有看到明文，可以推测 这可能是在代码文本的开始公式。
The first thing that codebreakers of Room 40 do is start looking for numbers that make up the words stop, 密码破译室40做的第一件事 是开始寻找弥补的话停止的数字，
the telegraphic method of ending sentences. 结束句子电汇的方法。
They then decrypt the very high number at the end of the message, the signature of 然后，他们非常高的数字解密 在邮件的末尾，签名
Arthur Zimmermann, the German Foreign Secretary. 亚瑟齐默尔曼，德国的外交大臣。
They then spot strange combinations of numbers that decode into letters, 然后，他们发现的奇怪组合 数字解码为字母，
which don't make sense by themselves. 不以自己的感觉。
"AR", “AR”
"IZ", “工业区”，
"ON", “ON”
"A", “A”
or, 或
"ARIZONA", “亚利桑那”
a word not listed in the 10,000-word German code book, 德国在10000字码书没有列出一个字，
so it's been made up phonetically. 所以它的发音作了。
When they decrypt a number of high code groups and message, they conclude that these 当他们解密高代码 组和消息，他们得出结论，这些
make up the words "Texas", and "New Mexico". 弥补“德州”，和“新墨西哥”。
As they crack the code, the significance of the message becomes clear - 由于他们破解的代码，意义 消息变得清晰 -
Germany is proposing to support Mexico if they invade the US. 德国建议，以支持 墨西哥，如果他们入侵美国。
As a reward, Mexico will regain control of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. 作为回报，墨西哥将重新获得控制 得克萨斯州，新墨西哥州和亚利桑那州。
This is not only a deliberate act of aggression on Germany's part, it's also a diversionary tactic. 这不仅是蓄意的侵略行为 对德国的一部分，它也是一个声东击西的战术。
If the US is busy fighting his neighbour, it won't get involved in the war in Europe. 如果美国忙于他的邻居， 它不会参与在欧洲的战争。
When faced with the evidence of the Zimmermann Telegram, President Woodrow Wilson has no option. 当面临着齐默尔曼的证据 电报，伍德罗威尔逊总统别无选择。
On April 6th, 1917, the US declares war on Germany. 1917年4月6日，美国宣布对德国宣战。
Nineteen months later, World War I is won, due in no small part of the interception 19个月后，我是赢得了第二次世界大战， 由于没有截取的一小部分
and decoding of the Zimmermann Telegram. 齐默尔曼电报解码。
The solution of the Zimmermann Telegram, probably the most important cryptogram solution of all time, 齐默尔曼的电报，可能的解决方案 所有时间的最重要的cryptogram解决方案，
brought the United States into the war, brought the United States onto the world stage, 美国带入战争， 带来了美国在世界舞台上，
and in effect, changed the entire history of the 20th century. 和效果，改变了整个20世纪的历史。
The Germans don't discover the Allies had cracked their codes until near the end of the war, 德国没有发现盟军已破获 他们的代码，直到战争结束后，附近的，
and that their plans for Mexico were doomed to failure from the start. 和他们的计划是为墨西哥 从一开始就注定要失败的。
The Zimmermann Telegram was a ludicrous idea, really. 齐默尔曼电报是一个可笑的想法，真的。
Mexico was never going to declare war on the United States, all the armament factories in the 墨西哥是永远不会申报的战争 美国在军备工厂
Americas were in the United States, and Germany could never supply Mexico 美洲在美国， 德国不可能供应墨西哥
because the Atlantic was controlled by the British Royal Navy. 因为大西洋控制 由英国皇家海军。
So they'll never get any arms or men over there in the first place. 所以，他们永远不会得到任何武器或男性 那边摆在首位。
And Mexico finally didn't want back the three states it had lost, they were now at large 和墨西哥终于不想回三个 国家失去了，他们现在在大
English-speaking, Mexico was Spanish-speaking. 讲英语，墨西哥是讲西班牙语。
They didn't believe they'd be able to hold onto them even if they got them. 他们不相信他们会能够 举行转嫁到他们，即使他们得到了他们。
So they refused. 于是，他们拒绝了。
But the Zimmermann Telegram might not have been cracked if the Germans have been using 但是，齐默曼电报可能不会 如果德国人一直在使用已被破解
a 500-year old device, known as the Alberti code disk. 500年的旧设备，被称为阿尔贝蒂码盘。
It's secret wheels within wheels that can scramble alphabets so completely, they are virtually unreadable. 它的内轮子，可以争夺的秘密车轮 字母如此彻底，他们几乎不可读。
Around 1470, it's the invention made by this man, Leon Battista Alberti, that changes 1470年前后，它作出的发明 这名男子，莱昂巴蒂斯塔阿尔贝蒂，改变
cryptology forever. 密码学的永远。
Alberti is one of the great forgotten men of the Renaissance. 阿尔贝蒂是一个伟大的 文艺复兴时期的被遗忘的男人。
He was a great scientist, particularly he was interested in codes and ciphers, 他是一个伟大的科学家，尤其是他 兴趣代码和密码，
and the center of this world is the Papacy. 和这个世界的中心是罗马教皇。
Alberti had a friend who was one of the Pope secretaries, and he set him the challenge of 阿尔贝蒂有一个朋友谁是教皇 书记，他为他的挑战
creating a method of coding documents. 创建一个文件的编码方法。
And what Alberti came up with is perhaps the first ciphering device in history, 阿尔贝蒂来到了也许是 在历史上的第一个加密设备，
which is the cipher wheel. 这是加密轮。
It was a cipher disk, which produced the first form of polyalphabetic substitution. 这是一个加密的磁盘，这就产生了 第一种形式的字母替代。
Called polyalphabetic, because as this turned, it produced different cipher alphabets. 多字母，因为作为结果， 它产生不同的密码字母。
Each of the two rotating disks contained 24 letters of the Latin alphabet. 每个包含两个旋转磁盘 24字母的拉丁字母。
The inner disk's letters are in random order. 内盘的字母，以随机顺序。
Alberti's encryption process relies on both sender and receiver possessing identical disks, 阿尔贝蒂的加密过程，同时依赖 发送器和接收器具有相同的磁盘，
and having previously agreed on an index, or key letter on the inner disk. 先前商定的索引， 内盘或关键信。
The sender begins the message by randomly placing the index letter against any other 发送者开始通过随机消息 针对任何其他指数的信
letter on the outer wheel. 信上外轮。
This becomes the first capital letter of the enciphered message. 这将成为第一个大写字母 加密的消息。
He continues sending his message by reading from the inner disk to the outer. 他继续他的消息发送 从内盘阅读外。
After writing three or four words, the sender moves the inner disk a random number of places. 写作三或四个字后，发件人 移动内部磁盘的随机数的地方。
He signifies this move to the receiver by a capital letter. 他表示这一举动的 接收器由一个大写字母。
This ensures each segment of the message is separately encrypted. 这将确保每个段 消息是单独加密。
Though the code is virtually unbreakable, the disk itself is slow to operate, 虽然几乎是牢不可破的代码， 磁盘本身是缓慢的操作，
Alberti's device doesn't become widely used. 阿尔贝蒂的设备不被广泛使用。
It's a future President, Thomas Jefferson, who in the 1790's develops the disk 这是一个未来的总统，托马斯杰斐逊， 在1790年开发的磁盘
into a prototype machine. 成样机。
Thomas Jefferson was the man who invented one of the most brilliant and clever cipher systems. 托马斯杰斐逊是该名男子是谁发明的 最辉煌，最聪明的加密系统之一。
A sort of... kind of locks, which were like the attaché case locks, in which you line up three 排序... ...样的锁，这就好比 手提箱锁，其中最多的三线
numbers together, and are able to open the attaché case. 数字加在一起，并能 打开手提箱。
And he realized that if you replace the numbers with letters, you would have a kind of cipher system, 他意识到，如果更换号码 用字母，你会有一种加密系统，
and the way it worked was as follows. 和它的工作方式如下。
You created 24 disks, on the circumference of each, you had a mixed alphabet, jumbled alphabet, 你创建了24个磁盘，圆周 ，你有一个混合英文字母，乱蓬蓬的字母，
each of the disks was numbered. 每个磁盘的编号。
You and your correspondent assembled the disks in the same order, both of you, on this spindle. 您和您的记者组装磁盘 顺序相同的，你们俩在这个主轴。
Then, to encipher a message, you put all the letters of your message on the single line - 然后，来加密消息，你把所有的 您的留言信件上的单行 -
"attack “攻击
at dawn 在黎明
tomorrow". 明天“。
Locked the disks together so they couldn't move, turned the entire contraption and picked out 锁定的磁盘在一起，使他们不能动弹， 把整个的玩意儿，并挑选出
any other line as your ciphertext. 您的密文的任何其他线路。
You sent that to the other person. 您发送给其他人。
The other person with the disks assembled in the same order as you, line up all the letters 其他人与组装磁盘 和您一样的秩序，排队的所有字母
of your cipher message on the single line, and then turn the entire contraption around 单行的密码消息， 然后打开整个玩意儿左右
until he sees the single line, which makes sense in English. 直到他看到单行， 这使得在英语语感。
That will be the plaintext message. 这将是明文消息。
By the 20th century, Jefferson's machine was still in use by the US military. 到了20世纪，杰弗逊的机 仍然由美国军方使用。
But the Germans are developing a machine that's about to overshadow Jefferson's wheel. 但是，德国正在开发一种机器 即将掩盖杰斐逊的车轮。
In post-World War I Europe, secrecy between paranoid nations becomes paramount. 在战后我欧洲，保密之间 偏执的国家变得极为重要。
The growth of the international commerce creates a need for companies to keep 国际贸易的增长 创建一个需要企业保持
their information secret from competitors. 他们从竞争对手的信息保密。
Germany's Arthur Scherbius develops the Enigma machine as a means of keeping 德国的阿瑟谢尔比斯发展 谜机保持的一种手段
those business transactions secure. 这些业务交易的安全。
It works by generating an electrical current when a letter key is pressed. 它的工作原理产生电流 当字母键被按下。
A number of moving mechanical parts then scramble the path of the current, 一些移动机械部件，然后 争夺当前的路径，
producing a different letter each time the key is pressed. 产生不同的信 每次按下该键。
The Enigma machine is about to become the German army's most powerful codemaking 即将成为谜机 德国军队的最强大的codemaking
weapon in World War II, 第二次世界大战的武器，
a weapon they're confident can keep their secret military codes secret. 一个武器，他们有信心可以保持 他们的秘密军事法规的秘密。
Arthur Scherbius had invented a machine, which if you gave the machine to the enemy, 亚瑟谢尔比斯发明了一台机器， 如果你给了敌人的机器，
even if you gave the machine to the enemy, there would be so many complications, 即使你给机器的敌人， 会有这么多的并发症，
so many possibilities that you could not in reasonable time decipher the message. 这么多的可能性，你不能 在合理时间内破译的消息。
Just like the Alberti's code wheel, the Enigma machine creates multiple polyalphabetical substitution ciphers. 阿尔贝蒂的编码轮，就像谜机 创建多个polyalphabetical替代密码。
It's fast, it's mechanized, and produces codes that seem unbreakable. 它速度快，它的机械化，并产生 似乎牢不可破的代码。
It's a device for turning readable messages into unreadable messages. 这是一个把可读的消息的设备 成不可读的消息。
Given an Enigma machine with an unknown set of wheels, the enemy has to consider that 由于未知的一个谜机 车轮，敌人认为
that machine can be set up in 186 这台机器可以设定在186
million 万美元
million ways. 万美元的方式。
The millions of permutations are acheived by the number of variables involved when setting up the machine. 数以百万计的排列实现了由 设定本机时，所涉及的变量数目。
At the height of the war, German operators change these settings every day. 在战后，德国运营商的高度 每天更改这些设置。
They placed the rotors in the specified order from the left to right. 他们将在指定的转子 为了从左边到右。
The rings that allow the rotors to turn are repositioned daily, 环，使转子 打开每天重新定位，
as is the patch panel of cables are electrically linking one letter to another. 如电缆配线架 电气连接一个字母到另一个地方。
These variables make the Enigma encryption virtually immune to frequency analysis. 这些变量使之谜加密 几乎不受频率分析。
The Germans think their Enigma code uncrackable. 德国认为无法破解的谜代码。
They believe no one has enough time or the mathematical ability to 他们相信没有人有足够的时间 或数学能力
work through the millions of combinations. 通过组合数以百万计的工作。
A coded message is created by typing the German plaintext into the machine, 创建一个编码的消息是通过键入 德国明文进入机，
and then having the encrypted message transmitted via Morse code. 然后加密的消息 通过莫尔斯电码传送。
With the outbreak of war, in September 1939, Nazi coded messages flood the radio airwaves. 随着战争的爆发，在1939年9月，， 纳粹编码的消息洪水无线电电波。
At the same time, British military intelligence is in a process of setting up the most secret 与此同时，英国军事情报 在设立最秘密的过程
place in wartime Britain, 在战时英国的地方，
a place it hopes can crack the Enigma code. 一个地方，希望能破解谜代码。
Bletchley Park, fifty miles north of London, becomes known as Station X. 布莱切利公园，伦敦以北50英里， 成为被称为站十。
It's staffed by a hand-picked team of mathematicians and graduate scholars, 它配备一个钦点的团队 数学家和研究生学者，
including Alan Turing, one of the founding fathers of modern computing. 包括阿兰图灵，建国 父亲的现代计算。
Turing and his team are under extreme pressure to come up with some way, 图灵和他的团队在极端 用某种方式来的压力，
either mathematical or mechanical, to crack the Enigma code. 数学或机械， 破解之谜代码。
By 1940, fleets of German U-boats are sinking thousands of tons of Ally 到1940年，德国U型潜艇舰队 下沉数千万吨的盟友
supply ships in the north Atlantic. 供应船只在北大西洋。
The U-boats are receiving their orders by Enigma-coded radio messages.
The U-boats in the north Atlantic were in constant coded communication with Germany, 在U型潜艇在北大西洋 恒定编码的沟通与德国，
saying where these convoys where, and arranging for groups of U-boats 说这些车队的地方， 并安排U艇组
to come together to attack them, and all of those messages were 走到一起攻击他们， 所有这些消息
encoded using Enigma machines. 编码使用之谜机器。
So cracking Enigma was the key to finding the U-boats and protecting the convoys. 所以开裂之谜寻找的关键 U艇和保护车队。
Turing begins by exploiting the mathematical and human weaknesses of Enigma. 图灵开始利用数学 人性的弱点谜。
Because the machine can not encrypt a letter as itself, Turing eliminates 因为机器不能加密 作为自己的信，图灵消除
thousands of letter permutations. 成千上万的字母排列。
Combine this inherent flaw with the fact that a lazy retired operators sometimes 这种固有的缺陷与事实相结合 一个懒惰的退休运营商有时
forget to change their personal settings each day, and this lowers the odds further. 忘记改变他们的个人设置 每一天，这几率进一步降低。
But it's daily weather forecast that gives the British their first major breakthrough. 但它的每日天气预报，让 英国的第一次重大突破。
Everyday the Atlantic weather is broadcast from the U-boats, 每天大西洋天气 广播从U艇，
and everyday it follows the same format - 和日常生活，它遵循相同的格式 -
wind speed, atmospheric pressure and temperature. 风速，大气压力和温度。
Seeing the same message lay-out each day gives Turing the idea of using what he calls "cribs" - 看到了同样的消息停工每天给出 图灵使用他称之为“婴儿床”的想法 -
educated guesses to what these part of the messages might say. 什么这些的猜测 消息的一部分可能会说。
This is a crib in German of a weather forecast from the Bay of Biscay region. 这是一个在德国的天气婴儿床 从比斯开湾地区湾的预测。
The received encrypted message is placed against the German plaintext. 收到加密的消息是放在 对德国的明文。
If any letter is matched up with themselves, S's as S's, V's as V's, then the crib is wrong, 如果任何一个字母是与自己相匹配， S公司为S，V的V的，然后婴儿床是错误的，
as an Enigma can't encrypt any letter as itself. 作为一个谜不能加密任何字母作为本身。
So they slide the message along until they find no matches. 因此，他们幻灯片消息沿 直到他们发现没有匹配。
The British now have clues as to what might be in the messages, 英国现在有线索 的消息可能是什么，
but it's still too many man-hours to work through all the permutations, 但它仍然是太多工时 工作通过所有的排列，
and decipher the many thousands of daily intercepts. 每天拦截和破译成千上万。
So they develop a machine of their own to rival the Enigma, 因此，他们开发出机 自己的对手谜，
a device that attempts to reverse the encryption process of an Enigma machine, 一种装置，试图扭转 加密过程是一个谜机，
known as the "Bombe". 被称为“Bombe”。
It operates like a search engine - number crunching possible solutions to fragments of encrypted text. 它像一个搜索引擎 - 数字运算 加密的文本片段可能的解决方案。
But can the Bletchley bombe crack the Enigma code before the German Navy 但是，布莱切利bombe破解 前德国海军的谜代码
wins the War of the Atlantic? 赢得大西洋战争吗？
The British codebreakers of Bletchley Park now have a weapon to defeat the Nazi Enigma machine - 现在英国布莱切利公园的密码破译 有武器战胜纳粹之谜机 -
the Bombe. Bombe。
It's not designed to break coded messages, but to crunch through the millions of letter 这不是旨在打破编码的消息， 但紧缩通过数以百万计的信
permutations contained in the so-called cribs, the clues obtained by the 在所谓的载排列 婴儿床，所获得的线索
repeated use of weather reports, greetings, and testing notes sent by the Nazis. 反复使用的天气报告，问候， 测试纳粹发送的票据。
The operator sets each drum into position according to the encipher crypt text through testing. 操作员设置到每个鼓的位置 通过测试encipher隐窝文本。
As the machine operates, it generates intermediate electrical circuits that run 由于机器运行，它会产生 中间运行的电气线路
through every possible Enigma setting. 通过一切可能的谜设置。
The goal is to find an open circuit, which means the bombe has found a setting that 我们的目标是找到一个开路， 这意味着bombe已发现一个设置
converts all of the cipher characters into plaintext without any errors. 转换所有的密码字符 成明文没有任何错误。
It's a hugely complicated device with nearly 12 miles of wiring, and 97,000 carefully machined parts. 这是一个巨大的复杂的设备近12 英里的布线，和97,000名仔细加工零件。
This bombe has been reconstructed from plans and rawings over the past 16 years. 这bombe已重建 在过去16年的计划和rawings。
Back in 1943, Jean Valentine was one of the bombe operators at the Bletchley Park, 早在1943年，让情人节是一个 在布莱切利公园的bombe运营商，
working under the strictest security. 根据严格的安全工作。
Here in Bletchley, we had five bombs, and there were two people to each bomb, 布莱切利在这里，我们有五枚炸弹， 有两个人，每个炸弹，
so there were ten of us on a watch. 所以，我们的手表10。
And, apart from them, you did not talk to anybody about your job. 而且，除了他们之外，你没有 对你的工作，任何人谈话。
The minute you walked out of the bombe room, got in there and they were told 你走出分钟bombe 室，得到了在那里，他们被告知
to go back to wherever they lived, you didn't think or talk about it at all. 回到他们住的地方， 你没有想到，或谈论它在所有。
Bletchley Park is one of the best examples of complete security in history, 布莱切利公园是最好的例子之一 在历史上的完整的安全，
and Nazis had no idea that British were decoding their messages. 和纳粹没有想到，英国 他们的邮件被解码。
They also had no idea that their code books and Enigma machines were being 他们也没想到，他们的代码 书籍和谜机
retrieved from captured U-boats. 检索从捕获的U型艇。
Turing and his team were working around- the-clock, cracking Enigma messages from 图灵和他的团队工作 时钟，破解之谜的消息
U-boat positions to the location of reinforcements, and feeding this information the the Allies. U型艇的位置，以增援的位置， 和喂养此信息同盟国。
By 1945, there are over 300 bombes in operation on both sides of the Atlantic, 到1945年，有超过300 bombes 大西洋两岸的运作，
the days of the Nazi Enigma are numbered. 纳粹之谜的日子已经屈指可数。
The cracking of Enigma and the intercepting and decoding of Nazi messages shapes the outcome 谜开裂和拦截 纳粹消息解码形状的结果
of many campaigns and battles of World War II, 许多运动和第二次世界大战的战斗，
including D-Day, Alamein, and Anzio. 包括D -日，阿拉曼，和安齐奥。
But it's perhaps the vital role of decoding the U-boat messages in the north Atlantic 但是，这也许是解码至关重要的作用 在北大西洋的U型艇的消息
that saves the most lives. 节省的大部分生活。
Prime Minister Winston Churchill famously states that the Bletchley Park codebreakers 首相温斯顿丘吉尔的名言 指出布莱切利公园的密码破译
were the "geese that laid the golden eggs, and never cackled". “鹅，奠定了 金蛋，从来没有cackled“。
The war wasn't won by the codebreakers, the war was won by boots on the ground. 没有赢得这场战争的密码破译， 赢得这场战争是由地面上的靴子。
Without it, the war would not have been lost, but on the other hand, with it, it was certainly 没有它，战争将不会丢失， 但另一方面，有了它，这是肯定
shortened by a significant amount. 缩短了一个重要的量。
After the Second World War, mathematicians like Alan Turing go on to become pioneers 第二次世界大战后，数学家 像艾伦图灵成为先驱
of early computing. 早期的计算。
They don't know it, but their inventions are about to help move the secret science of 他们不知道，但他们的发明 约，以帮助移动的秘密科学
cryptology out of the shadowy world of espionage, and into everyday life. 隐语出间??谍的阴暗世界，融入日常生活。
Our lives leave so many electronic traces on everything that we do; every purchase you make with 我们的生活留下这么多的电子痕迹 我们做的一切，您每购买
the credit card is stored in a database, every visit to a doctor, every telephone call, every e-mail, 信用卡是存储在数据库中，每次访问 医生，每个电话，每个e - mail，
everything you send, or communicating to the outside world, is recorded or will be in the near future. 一切您发送或沟通， 外面的世界，记录或将在不久的将来。
Twenty-first century cryptology is based on the advanced mathematics, and the ability of 二十一世纪的隐语是基于 先进的数学和能力
modern computers to perform calculations, and process information quickly. 现代计算机执行计算， 和处理信息的快速。
I think the computers have the dramatic impact on codebreaking, in fact, it was 我认为电脑已经戏剧性 上codebreaking的影响，实际上，它是
the necessity of trying to decipher World War II messages that really brought the computer 试图破译二战的必要性 真正使计算机的消息
industry to bear, and was very much responsible for its development. 行业来承担，是非常 负责其发展。
It also changed the nature of, I think, codemaking and breaking, in the sense that 它的性质也发生了变化，我认为， codemaking和突破，在某种意义上说，
with the add of computers, it's more of mathematical issue now of "this is a hard math problem to solve", 随着计算机的添加，它的数学 现在的问题，“这是一个很难的数学问题解决”，
and therefore you need to solve this problem in order to break the code. 因此，你需要解决这个 为了打破代码的问题。
Yet the language used by a computer to process information is one of the most basic codes ever devised - 然而，由计算机使用过程中的语言 信息是有史以来设计的最基本的守则之一 -
binary. 二进制。
A computer is a group of transistors that have only two states when the electricity passes through them - 一台计算机是一组晶体管，只有 两个国家的电力通过它们 -
on or off, which equals digital terms 1 or 0. 开启或关闭，这等于0或1的数字条款。
It not just a computer's ability to process data quickly, but how it encrypts the data. 它不只是一个计算机的处理能力 数据传输速度，但它是如何对数据进行加密。
In the past, codemakers have always needed a code- cracking key, shared between the sender and receiver. 在过去，codemakers一直需要一个代码 开裂的关键，发送者和接收者之间共享。
And as we've seen, this key is vulnerable to interception. 正如我们所看到的，关键是容易被截取。
But modern computer encryption has removed the need for a shared key. 但现代计算机加密 取消需要一个共享密钥。
Instead, everyone uses a computer to send secure information has two keys - 相反，每个人都使用一台计算机发送 安全的信息有两个键 -
a private key and a public key. 一个私钥和一个公钥。
Essentially you have a private key that only you know and a public key that you can put on 从本质上讲，你有一个私钥，只有 你知道，你可以把一个公钥
your web page, if you like, and people can then use your public key to encode a message 您的网页，如果你喜欢，人们可以 然后使用你的公共密钥来编码消息
that only you can read with your private key, because your private key 只有您可以读取您的 私钥，因为你的私钥
and public key are mathematically related. 和公钥与数学相关。
The mathematics involved are staggering. 所涉及的数学是惊人的。
The Enigma machine had over 180 million million million permutations of combinations, 谜机已超过180万 万美元的排列组合，
but public-key cryptography deals with much bigger numbers than that. 但公钥加密处理 更大的数字比。
Their encryption system is based on prime numbers - numbers that are 加密系统是基于 素数 - 数字
only divisible by themselves and 1. 只有自己和1整除。
Your private key is two randomly selected large prime numbers, 您的私钥是两个随机 选择大素数，
your public key, the product of those two prime numbers. 你的公共密钥，产品 这两个素数。
So when you send a secure message, your computer encrypts it using the 所以，当你发送一个安全的消息， 您的计算机加密使用
product prime number, and decrypts an incoming message with the two prime numbers themselves. 产品质数，并解密传入 两个素数本身的消息。
This works because no mathematical formulas have been discovered that can quickly factor 这工作，因为没有数学公式 已发现的，可以迅速的因素
two prime numbers from one large one. 从一个大的两个素数。
It's estimated that cracking a modern encrypted computer message using state of your hardware 据估计，破解了现代加密 计算机信息使用您的硬件状态
will take over 13 billion years, about the same age as the universe. 将超过13亿年， 关于宇宙年龄。
But public-key encryption isn't just a way of transmitting data securely, 但是，公钥加密不只是 一个安全的数据传输方式，
you can also use it to verify those in cyberspace, and to check that 你也可以用它来验证这些 在网络空间，并检查
no one is tampering with your data. 没有人篡改您的数据。
If Mary, Queen of Scots had used public-key encryption, then she would have known that 如果苏格兰女王玛丽，曾使用公共密钥 加密，那么她就已经知道，
Walsingham had been reading her messages. 沃尔辛厄姆已经阅读她的消息。
And the outcome of both World Wars might have been different if the Germans had realized 两次世界大战的结果可能 有所不同，如果德国人已经意识到
that their secret messages weren't as secret as they thought. 他们的秘密消息 秘密，因为他们认为。
For the moment, the long battle of cat versus mouse, codemakers versus codebreakers, 目前，猫长的争斗 与鼠标，codemakers与密码破译，
appears had been won by the codemakers. 似乎已经取得了胜利的codemakers。
But codes are only as secure as the people who make and use them. 但代码只作为安全 从事制造和使用它们的人。
Sometime soon, a human computer programmer will make a typical human error, 有时很快，一个人的电脑 程序员将一个典型的人为错误，
and create the need for someone, or something, to invent the next generation of codes, 并创建为别人的需要，或一些， 发明下一代的代码，
and the cat will start chasing the mouse all over again. 和猫会开始追逐 鼠标一遍。
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