And so this is the next video on the 20th century.
I hope you have been watching the previous videos.
Please watch them several times so that you will not miss any point.
And also, remember to do your own extra reading.
Now we come to E.M. Foster.
Ian Foster was an Edwardian realist, 1879 to 1970.
Quite a long life.
And Foster was a secular humanist.
He was a humanist, but secular.
And he explores in his novels the snobbery and hypocrisy of early 20th century English society.
He talks about the upper class society, the snobbery and hypocrisy of the early 20th century society.
And he depicts the irreconcilable lity of class differences.
He talks about what Kipling said is, does east and west is west, never the twain shall meet.
That is the can saleability of class differences east as east and west is west.
They cannot be reconciled and forced of US homosexual.
His sexuality was repressed until his late 19 asani, his late 30s.
And it was at a time when homosexuality was illegal and his sexual orientation became known only after
his death.
With the Postmus publication of his novel Mortise before that he suffered because he could not express
his sexuality.
In the repressive society now, foster employed symbolism and mysticism and his creative life can be
summed up in the epigraph to his 1910 novel Howards End.
He talked about the connection between people in their 1910 novel Hubbards and his creative life is
summed up in the epigraph to that novel.
Hubbards and Howard's End is a very famous novel.
This he lived in the time of.
You know.
Telegrams and other communication.
Technologies.
And during this time, he says that people cannot be really connected.
Despite all this technology that does the meaning, only connect represents the relationships between
people in the age of anger and telegram's.
And whatever technology you develop, understanding and sympathy between human beings is important,
not just what it means.
Only connects false.
Does novelas critique a London beset by the automobile and other machines?
He talks about the London where there are so many machines, automobiles and other communications technologies
changing at an enormous pace.
A city of anger and telegram's.
This city is undergoing a lot of change and it is a city of anger and telegram's in this city in this
not in these numbers.
His characters die suddenly.
You can see in a passage to India, for example.
In passage to India, for example, you can see Mrs. Moore dying.
Mrs. Moore suddenly dies and many novels have this characters die suddenly.
His favorite theme is human relationships.
In all his novels, he talks about human relationships and he reinstated the importance of honesty and
tolerance.
He reinstated he.
He repeatedly stated the importance of honesty and tolerance in the world.
Despite all the technologies, if people do not understand each other and be honest and tolerant with
each other, that is no use.
That is the way in which he deals with human relationships.
He said some of his novels in Italy and some in England.
His Italian novels include Where Angels Fear to Tread and 90, not five novel.
This novel depicts a young English widow, Lilia.
She falls in love with an Italian man during her travels to Italy, an English widow, Liliane, travels
to Italy and falls in love with an Italian that her BUJAR relatives send to Philip to bring her back
to prevent a misalliance.
This happened in another novel, Henry James's ambassadors also, if you remember, and that the connection
between the Europeans and the Americans was the main theme in Henry James.
If you also remember, here it is, an English woman traveling to Italy here also that is cultural contact.
Philip's mission in this novel.
But Angels Fear to Tread is similar to that of Lambert Strether in Henry James as the ambassadors in
the ambassadors.
That is Henry James, who is.
Going to Paris to bring the son of his fiancee.
From Badass, and then he realizes that the but ECN life is more fulfilling than the American life.
So this kind of cultural juxtaposition and comparison of cultures was a very common thing in the early
20th century.
And Henry James, the imposter, etc..
Philip's mission is similar to that of Lambert Strether in Henry James's ambassador's foster was inspired
by ambassadors.
And he has discussed James's novel, ironically, in his book Aspects of the novel 1927.
Please do extra research and all that.
Henry James.
Sorry.
Ian Foster, aspects of the novel.
Ambassadors like that.
If you says you will get some details of what Foster said about it.
A room with a view is a little novel from ninety nine eight.
Remember the earlier novel.
But Angels Fear to Tread was from nineteen point five.
Fools rush in, but angels fear to tread.
Remember, this title is taken from Alexander Pope.
A room with a view is also a romantic story set in Italy and England.
The English woman Lucy Honey churches during Italy at this time.
So in both these numbers of women is daunting.
Italy.
This time it is Lucy Honey Church where angels fear to tread had Lilia.
Now, Lucy Honeychurch staying at the hotel called the pension Bertolini in Italy, there she has met
an Englishman called George Emmerson, for whom she has confused feelings.
He lives in the same hotel.
And finally, Lucy elopes with him, the title, A Room with a View, refers to something in the novel.
The women were promised a room overlooking the river are not remember river.
Ah, no.
Is in a room with a view.
Never promise a room overlooking river.
I know, but that room overlooks the courtyard.
They didn't get that drill.
And they're all over the room.
Overlooks represents a mental attitudes room.
Represents conservate of uncreative mindset.
They had room overlooking the courtyard.
Now the themes in a room with a view are repressed sexuality, freedom from institutional religion and
growing up.
Then true love.
Remember, unless you read a summary of the novel in detail and leave the euro or do your own reading
and research, these themes, etc. will not make sense.
So please do your own reading so that it becomes easier to assimilate all this information.
The English as frozen.
He depicts the English people as frozen.
And it really is passionate, no irresponsible and cruel.
Know that Italian box that we have seen, like the Cenci, you can see that this is a predominant attitude
of the English people.
Italy is irresponsible, cruel.
You can see that in Browning as well as Shelley.
But Italy is passionate.
People are overcome by emotion that they are not very rational people.
This studio, typical view of Italy is there in European study, British literature quite a lot.
A room with a view was made into a movie by Merchant Ivory and all the Merchant Ivory adaptations.
Not all mostly had a screenplay by Ruth Prometa Job Viler, a room with a view.
Howards End.
That's at all.
So I have screenplays by Ruth Brother Chub Vola.
Now Howards End is one of his English novels.
The other two were Italian novels.
Just flee out of fear to tread under a room with a view of Italian novels.
Howards End is from 1910.
And it deals with social and familial relations in turn of the century England Howards End is about
the social and familial relations.
In the turn of the century, England are you already know that the epigraph of this novel is only connect.
In this age of communications technologies.
Whether people really have that connection, that is the meaning of the epigraph I told you, it indicates
the main theme of the novel, which is that many kinds of connections between people in an age of telegraph
and new communications technologies, the many kinds of connections between people, three families
are depicted in Howard's and remember that.
Please do your own reading.
All these some novels are discussed in many site websites online.
You can easily to access them.
And also these novels are also available online.
Nothing prevents you from reading it.
At least do a little bit of reading, at least a few chapters or at least one chapter on a few pages.
You should read it to get to know this tale of the author.
And sometimes we need to start reading like that.
You can put down the book.
So there are three novels.
Sorry, three families in this novel, Hubbards and the Willcocks, US, The Slugger's and The Boss.
My aim in this video is only to introduce these writers and these books so that the initial stumbling
block is removed so that you can get to know a little bit of the novel.
And then the novel is no longer a stranger and you can start reading and getting to know the novel better.
So the Wilcox's are rich capitalists.
They have a fortune made in the colonies.
The Legos are half German siblings, Margueritte to be and Helen.
And they have much in common with the Real-Life Bloomsbury group.
Remember, Imposter was a member of the Bloom's Go to Bloomsbury group.
And then we have the boss, the boss as a struggling couple of the lower middle class.
So we have rich capitalists and then we have a middle class family of siblings and then we have lower
middle class people.
The bus, a passage to India, is often prescribed in universities and it's very important Harvard's.
And it's also important.
A passage to India came in 1924.
Please remember the chronology of the novels also as you read about them and watch this video.
A passage to India is the last of EMBOSS does novels.
He has written five novels and oil Boaster mostly published his modest A Passage to India.
As everybody might know, it is set in India in the City of Chunder report.
Neamat about case.
Now it does not the Maharashtrian city of gender porter, because it is on the banks of the Ganges.
The general theme is the protagonist, Dr. Aziz has friendships with the British.
People remember this is the time of the British Raj and the nature of Indian British friendship is explored
in the novel.
This novel shows English and Indian differences as irreconcilable.
The differences between the English and Indians that Ilic unsalable, that means the east is east and
west as best they can not be reconciled.
There are these actions to the novel mosque caves and that temple.
Each of the sections is important and represents something.
Mosquita represents brotherhood as Islam and the caves as the primitive history of Barstow of India.
Temple represents Hinduism and the mosque is the first dissection.
Chunder report is an unattractive city.
In the beginning of the novel itself, lacking in time, scope down is described as unattractive.
The board is described as an unattractive city on the banks of the Ganges in the vicinity of some British
Bendit buildings and the moat about caves.
Dr Ozzies is an Indian surgeon.
He is a widower.
His wife died a year ago and he discusses with his friends.
I moved the LA and Mahmud Ali the problem of friendship with their British rulers.
That is how the novel begins is discussing with his friends.
Afterwards, Dr. Aziz meets Mrs. Moore in a mosque that is a British woman.
Mrs. Moore inside a mosque.
Women are not allowed inside the mosque, and Aziz misunderstands that she has come to desecrate his
religion, but they become friends.
Mrs. Mott introduces us these to her younger friend, Ms.
Adila questioned, and Adila question is engaged to Mrs. Moore's son, Ronnie Hislop, Ronnie Hislop
as the magistrate of that city, and Mrs. Moore and Delacroix's should have just come.
They have just arrived in Chunder report.
Now, several attempts are made to bridge the gap between the Indians and the English, the Indians
and Gender Board and the English and Gender Board.
They are not great friends.
The English people have a lot of bitter experiences with Indians and they are very strict with the Indians.
The Indians also have their grievances.
And though upper class Indians under British rule us that defends us are attempting to be bridged in
bridge party.
There's an awkward bridge party at the English club as as brief experience of fellowship is described
by play.
Playing polo with an India ever returning English civil Don.
So the Indian, as he is, is feeling of friendship with the British Seybold done an unconventional
gathering happens off the Muslims.
He is the Hindu professor.
God bless Mrs Moore and Miss Adela Quested at a Tea Party at Seattle Fieldings house.
These people are all people who are tolerant and they all like India.
Mrs Morton died a lad eager to see the real India.
You have a battles with the characters these women, Gatica British women characters does in the film
Lagaan.
The women are described there, but especially those of newly arrived are described as all in these
early depictions of the British Raj.
The British women who have newly arrived in India are described as very eager to know India.
And to make friends with Indians.
So at the Tea Party, at Civille Fieldings House, they all make friends.
Ozzies that God believe Mrs. Morton miss question.
And to Senator Fielding.
And as these invites all of them to accompany him to an excursion to the Muttaburra Caves to show these
women what does India sees as ready to take them on an excursion to the Muttaburra caves.
So naturally, this is the second section of the novel, The Caves.
At this time, this question is undecided about marrying Ronnie, his slope.
Ronnie is a very strict and intolerant man and Miss Quested.
That's not like his character.
So at this time, driving in a car with no bahadoor, one of the rich Indians may have an accident or
a dealer and running his luck, get into an accident.
This draws them together and they announce their engagement to Mrs. Moore.
This little tragedy draws Ronnie and I do a lot to each other and they announce their engagement.
Meanwhile, the discord between the Muslims and Hindus in Chunder Board and March in a gathering attended
by Aziz, Dr. Bananaland and others in India.
The discord is not really between the British and the Indians.
There is a discord between Muslims and the Hindus in India also that that discord is revealed in the
gathering.
So India is depicted in different lights.
The British are not mingling with the Indians very much, and the Indians also have discord amongst
themselves.
Then this third section is when the excursion to Saudi, the second section, the caves, is when the
excursion to the caves begins.
The entire excursion is Tragedy Fielding and Professor Gode, but they are delayed and they do not join
as these and the two women on the train.
Ozzies and the two women I love Quested and Mrs. Wargo on the clean and after train they ride, they
have an elephant ride and the British women are very upset at the beginning itself.
And the silly Feilding and Godbold out already late.
Once inside the caves, Mrs. Mortar's disoriented by the echoing the caves.
A Baum sound, a bomb.
It goes that in the caves.
Mrs Moore feels disoriented and she leaves.
So I did like Westhead alone with Dr. Aziz, and that is also a guide of at them and I dila because
Aziz is a Muslim.
I says he's an annoying question about how many wives he has and being a widower who has recently lost
his only wife.
Aziz feels a little annoyed.
And he goes off by himself into another game, leaving her alone.
After some time, he feels sorry and because he should not leave his guest like that.
And he comes out of his cave to see the guide and the guide doesn't know there are delays.
And then if any comes out, he sees Adila running down the hill and her field glasses were laying there.
And a lot sorry, Fielding does not understand.
Ozzies does not understand what happened.
Why are they left like that?
He doesn't understand anyway at this time feeling at and asked about this question.
And as he is, lies to him.
Back in gender board, Aziz arrived with at the last field glasses and immediately Aziz is arrested.
And he comes to know that Miss Question has charged him with attempting to assault her in the case.
He did not do anything like that.
He is quite surprised and angry at this false accusation anyway.
The entire British community is indignant.
Mrs. Moore is the only British who is supporting Aziz because she knows that Aziz will not do anything
like that.
Meanwhile, Senator Fielding is also supporting Adila, even though he believes that Aziz is innocent.
And then the trial happens at the trial.
Miss Quested overcomes her initial shock and then she remembers what happened in the case, something
brushed past her.
She didn't actually see what it does until I understand what it is.
And she had presumed that it must be so.
It will feel as only Ozzies trying to get hold of her.
But then she realizes that it could have been a bad done something.
And she realizes that she probably probably made a mistake.
He she admits at the trial that she was mistaken about the supposed assault and feeling takes Miss Quested
under his protection because she is in a very bad shape and thing.
British people are all angry with her now.
And she later leaves for England.
Ozzies cannot forgive Adila Quested because she has ruined his life and he is very angry with her.
And as he's also distress fielding for supporting Miss Quested.
And he even believes that feeling his having a secret affair with Miss Quested.
So their friendship is completely broken.
Now, the last section of the novel, you know, is called The Temple.
Years later, Professor Gaudily is minister of education in the city of Mosul, and Aziz is also not
engender report.
He is working in Mosul.
It is Gokul Artemis Festival Order.
Dan Marsh to meet those of the birth of Christner Festival.
Aziz has refused to read Fieldings letters.
Civille Fielding has written a lot of letters to Aziz and he has never read them.
Imagining that Fielding has married Miss Quested feeling at this time arrives as the inspector of education
in Mosul, and he attempts to make peace with Aziz and he learns that these lines that Fielding's wife
has not Ardella.
But Mrs. Moir's daughter Stella.
That does running his lips.
Sister Starline, her brother Ralph, have come to India with him and Mrs. More.
If you remember, had already died.
She could never overcome the disastrous consequence of entering those caves.
It is like Kootz and Dudd Congo and never overcame the consequences.
He became corrupted like Mrs..
Like that Mrs. Mom and Dad, the caves.
And she is completely changed and.
She is never the same again.
She dies.
Come on.
So Aziz and Fielding again meet at this time, the daja of Moul has died and his death is being concealed
by the government until an atlas chosen.
His death is being concealed, as are and fielding go for a loss divided together.
And in between, they also take a boat ride in the temple pond and they fall into the river.
They dim the boat overturns and everybody falls into the river.
And this is actually an invasion of their differences.
However, they cannot be completely friends, although the two men want to be friends.
The historical circumstances do not love the friendship between them.
Aziz and Fielding realize that they cannot be completely friends as long as the British are ruling India.
I am again reminding you, read about this novel.
Watch the movie if you can watch YouTube videos.
It's very, very, very, very important.
Now, the critical work by Ian Foster is aspects of the novel.
I am again reminding you today a contemporary approach to education is not spoonfeeding.
I prefer that a teacher who teaches you or makes a video should not write or include every single point
in the video.
It is a shame.
It is a shame because it is like spoon feeding, you know.
A teacher should only give an overview and build a perspective.
The facts are not meant to be taught by a teacher.
Only the perspective should come from the teacher.
The facts.
You should collect yourself from your own reading because this is the age of research.
OK.
Do not expect every single thing in this video.
I do not want to do that.
I want to read and reminding you again.
Imposters, famous critical work as aspects of the novel.
You might know that he discusses the concept of a flat and round characters in this essay, in this
book.
This book is a series of lectures that he delivered at Trinity College, Cambridge, that a street college
in many universities in Cambridge.
He delegated to 1927 a series of lectures.
He discusses seven aspects that he deemed universal to the novel.
Seven aspects of the novel, somewhat like the elements of tragedy that Aristotle talked about, according
to the Impostor.
A novel should have story.
Garrick does plot, story and plot are different than the Russian formulas?
Also talked about the fabulous, fabulous and Susur.
The two different elements story and plot.
They are different story characters, plot, fantasy, prophecy, baton and rhythm.
Please memorize these and read about it flat and drown.
Garrick does he dogged about and he gave examples also of Latin wrong characters.
Please do your own reading.
Both flat out flat and drone characters may be included in this successful novel.
Then there is another nonfiction work, I've been jihadist.
Another collection of essays.
It also has a review, a poem and a play, Do a Cheers for Democracy is also a collection of essays.
More as I told you several times, published post timeously.
It was written as early as 1914, but published in 1971.
And it's a homosexual love story.
So that's about Eum Foster.
Then we have four matics for 1873 to 1938, fired at presided over the transition towards modernism.
He was a very important figure in modernism, actually, even though we don't study his works in universities.
He inspired the other modernists, including as an amount.
He edited journals like the English Review, the Transatlantic Review ET.
And he's a model for the character Braddock's in Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises.
I'm telling you, when you prepare English literature for any exam, you should also be looking up.
What are the major magazines in early 20th century?
Who are the people associated with?
They're done.
Who are the editors?
Collected the pictures of it.
Why don't you sit when you get time later to sit and make your own PowerPoint presentations?
Magazines in the early 20th century.
I'm giving you an idea that may be a very new topic and sometimes you might be able to lecture on editorial.
You can make videos like I'm doing, or you can just keep that knowledge and you can publish books based
on that, you know, create.
Think creatively and do work like that.
Then the Fifth Queen trilogy.
It does a historical romance.
And Joseph Conrad called it the swan song of historical romance.
Now, don't ask me what a swan song.
If you do not know anything, make it a habit to go to such right.
What a swan song.
Anyway, I'm going to tell you.
It means the last song.
Joseph Conrad said that this novel or this novel, c.D Fifth the Queen trilogy is the last in the historical
romances that does the meaning swan song.
What does the swan song of Shakespeare usually does?
That Tempest that is considered the swan song of Shakespeare and the Fifth Queen trilogy, is a picturesque
Tudor trilogy about Henry the Eighth Queen Catherine.
How word it's set in that Tudor period.
Somebody can do research on contemporary novels of the Tudor dynasty.
We have Hillary Mandel's collect trilogy of novels.
How the Tudor Dynasty is represented in contemporary historical fiction can be, and how is it related
to contemporary times and politics.
It can be a research topic.
Now the good soldier, by far dramatic sport is considered to be his best novel.
It depicts the decline of the English upper class through the story of two wealthy couples.
And AIDS ends at tetralogy set against the Ward Redondo yesterday.
It was the Nightingale.
These are literally reminiscences.
He has written a travel book called Provence and the amount of literature and a history of hard times.
These are also important books by Ford Matics Ford.
And this is our Ford Matics Ford.
He took part in the war.
He was a war writer.
But aides and tetralogy he wrote, remember?
G.K. Chesterton is a novelist, playwright, essayist, 1874 to 1936 of this period.
He was a big, bold man.
He was a huge man.
And it is quite famous that he was a friend of G.B., shot, tested and was also a friend of Hilaire
Belloc, Hilaire Belloc.
If you do not know about him, now is the time to search Google search.
Why did he land Belloc?
Do please look up.
Shaw coined the term Cestaro Belloc to denote the two friends of ours, and both Chesterton and Belloc
criticized the capitalism and socialism.
G.K. Chesterton has called the prince of paradox and detested and created the character.
Father Brown.
Father Brown is a detective and he coined the term Victorian compromise to get tested and coined the
term Victorian compromise.
What does Victorian compromise look up Victorian compromise as the is related to Victorian dilemma?
There were many problems in the Victorian period.
Right?
Good.
The Guide to Victorian Dilemma.
And it did get tested and said that the solution Victorians found for its Victorian compromise.
Please read more on that.
This is Father Brown stories, book cover.
You can see Father Brown there from a BBC production.
Mark Williams is the actor.
Chesterton's, mainly main theme is Christianity.
He wrote many works on Christianity.
Who are the other writers who wrote about Christianity?
We have a Graham Greene Evelyn War.
Orthodoxy is about Chesterton's spiritual journey, the everlasting man.
Come on, it's important.
Read about that also.
It is about the spiritual journey of the Western civilization.
The everlasting mind is about the spiritual journey of the Western civilization.
The man who was Thursday is a thriller, the man who was Thursday.
Who rode the man from the north, please post in comments again.
And who rode the man within then who rode the man who was Thursday.
Okay.
Who created the man Friday?
All right.
There are 51 detective stories that he wrote about Father Brown.
And he wrote a critical study of Charles Dickens.
It is literary criticism.
You could also look up on your own.
Do you get tested works?
They might ask you a question or two.
Socky is the pen name of H.H. Mandro.
You might already know that his name was Hector, who Mandro Sarki wrote witty, short stories that
satirized Edwardian society, and he wrote a well-known short story, The Open Window.
Saki's short story, The Open Window, is set in the drawing room of an upper class village house.
Please read this book.
A sad story because it is prescribed in universities and it is a very important story with a lot of
literary theory elements.
I will not tell you exactly what you go and read it yourself.
The open window.
It is set in the drawing room of an upper class village house.
There is a 15 year old self-possessed girl, Frampton Natalya's a visitor who is visiting and Vadas
is telling Frampton a.
Bloodcurdling Yulee story of a family tragedy and Frampton Natalie becomes highly high, high strung.
He becomes terrified hearing this story.
Well, whether that is telling the truth or not, you have to find out.
Natters reaction is the core of the story.
Somebody post in the comment section.
What does this open window?
What does the somebody of open window, preferably in her own words.
And also somebody should post in the comments section.
Why the open windows important.
And that brings us to the end of the Edwardian period in novel.
Now we have to talk about Georgene poetry.
That will be another video.
Thank you.