international borders can be very
complicated I showed this in the
previous video of Maine but there's
still plenty more complex international
borders in the world lake last time I'm
going to start by looking includes and
eights Cleaves the first complex border
is between Armenia and Azerbaijan the
first and most obvious irregularity is
that Azerbaijan has a large AIDS cleave
although it's not an include because it
borders more than one country but then
there's also three smaller exclusive
Azerbaijan all of which are includes
because they're completely surrounded by
Armenia contrasting this there's also
one eighth clip of Armenia enclaved
within Azerbaijan however since the two
countries are at war with each other
back in the early 90s they inclusive
fatally no longer exists since they're
controlled by the opposite country but
things get more complicated when we talk
about the nagorno-karabakh Republic a
self declared independent country within
Azerbaijan with virtually no
international recognition but how did
all this happen well both of these
countries were part of the former Soviet
Union and Joseph Stalin really laits
messing with international borders
creating includes a necklace and
splitting countries up some historians
have suggested that this was to
implement a tactic known as evading
conquer to split power up and not let
any one country have too much power the
nagorno-karabakh Republic is based off
of the original nagorno-karabakh
autonomous Oblast created during the
Soviet Union as part of Azerbaijan
despite having a population that was 99%
ethnic Armenian tensions were kept under
control were both countries are part of
the Soviet Union but fighting started
between countries no late 80s and by the
tain the Soviet Union collapsed they
were all at war with each other upon
independence Azerbaijan removed the
autonomous government and split the land
between the neighboring provinces a
decision that was extremely unpopular
among the residents who wanted to either
become an independent nation or join
Armenia
today they're going to care about it
public controls most but not all of the
land that used to be the autonomous
Oblast they also control parts of
Azerbaijan that were not part of the
Oblast so this parts of land they claim
but don't control and parts of landed
control but didn't originally claimed
yet more proof of Joseph Stalin messing
with international borders on the
increase in excess of 30 bordering
countries of his Pakistan Tajikistan and
Kyrgyzstan three more former Soviet
states in total there are two exclusive
tajikistan and kyrgyzstan one is clip of
tajikistan and uzbekistan and four
exclusively Pakistan within Kurdistan
and there's also want the fact to
include the village of Iraq which
legally is just a kerchief eligible in
Kurdistan but the surrounding area has
been controlled by his Pakistan since
1980 name and display only being one
point five kilometers from the mainland
the 1000 or so people living there are
unable to leave the village due to road
blockades the smallest of these enclaves
is only about point eggs where
kilometers about the size of a hundred
football pitches the largest of these
eight clothes is an exclave of his back
his time include by Kurdistan with a
population that is maintained 80% from
Tajikistan therefore even more enclaves
or to Europe
in the first video I looked the insanely
complex border between the Netherlands
and Belgium and the interlocking
municipalities about NASA and ball hog
but Belgium has even more in cliffs with
one of his other neighbors Germany there
are five eight clears of Germany
awkwardly cut off from mainland by a
Belgian train track the vein ban which
is no longer in use in certain parts the
enclaves are so close they're only
separated by as little as ten meters of
Belgian land the smallest of these
exclaves is just 1 point 6 hectares
containing just one house without large
garden but as well as these eggs cliffs
Germany also has one more include within
Switzerland a small german town of about
1,500 residents falls within this west
customs area and although the legal
tender as the uterus west frankly is
much more commonly used a very similar
situation to Campione d'Italia of Italy
from part one so to sum up all the
includes an ex was viewed up I've
covered
there are several exclusive Belgian
within the Netherlands as well as
several s because nil ones in Belgium
but build an optional hazards because of
Germany within its borders and in turn
Germany has another issue than
Switzerland while sweatin also has a
part
to live in his boroughs and actually has
two entire countries include within its
borders I believe I know there are still
more inclusion ethically I've not looked
at but moving on to disputed borders
these are the borders between India
Pakistan and China
there's border disputes between India
and China as well as between India and
Pakistan there's no border disputes
between China and Pakistan who have good
international relations
most of the disputed land is what used
to be the princely state of Kashmir and
Jammu for the partition of India in 1947
at this time India was divided into two
independent countries India and Pakistan
but Marcia fendi owes me to her princely
states not under direct British control
but had their own governments the
government's had a choice of which
country to join or they could remain
independent the division was mostly a
religious split with Pakistan being
predominantly Muslim and India being
predominantly Hindu two princely states
chose to remain independent after 1947
Kashmir and Jammu as well as Hyderabad
no one took a large country include
within its borders though India quickly
and forcibly annexed Hyderabad Kashmir
and Jammu is also more complicated
though the stay at a population is about
three quarters Muslim mehendi Maharaja
as its leader
most of the population wanted to join
Pakistan but the Maharaja wanted to
remain independent the decision was very
unpopular with Pakistan and Pakistani
tradesmen attacked Kashmir and Jammu an
attempt to take control of the land the
Maharaja asked India for military
assistance but India were unwilling to
help as it was no part of India the
Maharaja quickly and reluctantly
accepted a sanction to India and the
military moved into the feint the land a
ceasefire was called but war started up
again in 1971 when envía helped
Bangladesh in their war for independence
after just 13 days of war another
ceasefire was called as East Pakistan
kid a newly independent country of
Bangladesh and the United Nations
established the line of control
Elayne that should not be crossed by
either side creating a de facto
international border the lane however
did not go all the way to the Chinese
border leaving the remaining area
undefined
the glacier area is clean moguls India
and Pakistan the lane of control though
should not be confused with the line of
actual control a ceasefire and facto
international border between India and
China India and China fought in a brief
one-month war back in 1962 over a
disagreement of wigs
the border between the two countries
wars decisive victory for China left
China in control of all the land in
which they claim so India still claims
the former state of kashmir and jammu
and its entirety Pakistan controls the
area on EDSA lane of control Pakistan
also claim the former princely state and
its entirety
except for the parts of land which are
controlled by China there was a time
when this land was claimed by all three
countries but Pakistan seated the land
to China in order to maintain friendly
international relations of course this
is still claimed by India now in my last
video I talked about the only unclean
land on earth but it seemed that wasn't
entirely true as there is a little bit
more unclaimed land if we look at the
border between Croatia and Serbia back
when the border between the two
countries established the border was say
at the river Danube however over the
years the meandering River has changed
quite considerably since then and is now
very different from what it used to be
Croatia claims the border as weird
always has been and the represent does
not affect the border Serbia disagrees
saying that would both country became
independent when you Slavia the border
should have been redrawn to the current
possession of the river legally the
border say other rivers original
position and is depicted this way on
maps this corresponds with Croatia is
claim however in terms of actual control
a correspond with Serbia's claim at the
river's current possession this causes
an interest in situation where there are
several parts of land claimed by both
croatia and serbia
although controlled by serbia but then
there's also four parts of land
technically claimed by neither side
three of which are less than one square
kilometer the border actually cuts
through a street and several houses but
in reality they're just regular croatian
houses because although technically no
one claims the land is controlled and
administered by croatia sticking with
croatia to the opposite side of the
country and their border with slovenia
this bizarre situation where land
ownership predates international borders
has several houses straddling the border
most of West are in Slovenia what makes
this even stranger is that although
Slovenia and Croatia are both members of
the European Union only Slovenia as a
member of the Schengen area Croatia is
legally bound to join the Schengen area
at some point in the future but at
present the border is actually enforced
by the police but perhaps the most
unusual thing about this border is the
way
seemingly arbitrarily zigzags through
the forest of course there's also less
complex examples of border
irregularities like this males a
interesting example of the border
between Sweden and Finland the reason
the world is like this is because
Finland a lighthouse on the west side of
the island before the border had been
properly surveyed when it was it reveals
that lighthouse was actually on the
Swedish shade of the border so the
border was changed in order to put the
Finnish play house with in Finland but
not wanting to simply give away their
land it was sport for an equally sized
part of Finland and the stone were
complex borders left in the world I've
still not talked to it all the increase
in aid squeeze there's just too many of
them well that's all for the second part
of the most complex international
borders in the world and be sure to
watch part 1 if you haven't already
thanks for watching