the story of ancient Rome is a story of 古罗马的故事是关于文明能力如何演变的故事
evolution of how a civilizations ability 古罗马的故事是关于文明能力如何演变的故事
to adapt and dominate can lead to its 适应和统治可以导致罗马生存一千多年
survival for over a thousand years Rome 适应和统治可以导致罗马生存一千多年
began as a small village on Central 即将在意大利中部台伯河上的一个小村庄开始
Italy's Tiber River in the coming 即将在意大利中部台伯河上的一个小村庄开始
centuries it grew into an empire that 几个世纪以来，它发展成为一个从北大西洋延伸到整个世界的帝国
stretched from the North Atlantic all 几个世纪以来，它发展成为一个从北大西洋延伸到整个世界的帝国
the way to the Persian Gulf during this 在这次转型期间通往波斯湾的道路上，罗马展示了
transformation Rome displayed a 在这次转型期间通往波斯湾的道路上，罗马展示了
political military and cultural prowess 政治军事和文化实力，使其成为超级大国
that enabled it to become a superpower 政治军事和文化实力，使其成为超级大国
and helped shape what would become known 并帮助塑造了后来被称为西方文明的生命
as Western civilization the life span of 并帮助塑造了后来被称为西方文明的生命
ancient Rome can be divided into three 古罗马共和时期可分为三个主要时期
major periods the Regal the Republican 古罗马共和时期可分为三个主要时期
and the Imperial during the Regal period 富豪时期的罗马帝国是帝王阿基尔，并由
Rome was monarch achill and ruled by a 富豪时期的罗马帝国是帝王阿基尔，并由
succession of about seven kings Rome's 大约七位国王的继承人据传说，罗马的第一位国王是一个男人
first King according to legend was a man 大约七位国王的继承人据传说，罗马的第一位国王是一个男人
named Romulus he and his twin brother 据说他和他的双胞胎弟弟雷木斯（Remus）叫罗慕路斯（Romulus），他是在
Remus are said to have founded Rome in 据说他和他的双胞胎弟弟雷木斯（Remus）叫罗慕路斯（Romulus），他是在
753 BC in 509 BC Rome adopted a 公元前509年，公元前753年，罗马采用了共和党的统治体制，其中
Republican system of governance in which 公元前509年，公元前753年，罗马采用了共和党的统治体制，其中
the state was primarily ruled by to 该州主要由每年选举产生的代表统治
annually elected representatives called 该州主要由每年选举产生的代表统治
praetor's who were later called consuls 后来被称为领事的普拉特尔成为其中一位著名将军，
one of them became a famous general and 后来被称为领事的普拉特尔成为其中一位著名将军，
dictator Julius Caesar 独裁者尤利乌斯·凯撒[音乐]
[Music] 独裁者尤利乌斯·凯撒[音乐]
the Imperial period followed it was 随之而来的帝国时期，其特征是罗马人的崛起
characterized by the rise of the Roman 随之而来的帝国时期，其特征是罗马人的崛起
Empire and notorious leaders such as 帝国和臭名昭著的领袖，例如屋大维的罗马第一任皇帝
Octavian Rome's first emperor who 帝国和臭名昭著的领袖，例如屋大维的罗马第一任皇帝
ushered in an era of peace and Nero who 开创了和平与尼禄时代，一些学者认为那是罗马时代
some scholars believe was Rome's 开创了和平与尼禄时代，一些学者认为那是罗马时代
cruelest emperor Rome's focus and pride 罗马最残酷的皇帝对军队的关注和自豪对
in its military was vital to the 罗马最残酷的皇帝对军队的关注和自豪对
civilizations growth and this ethos was 文明的发展和这种精神早在富豪时期就很明显
evident as early as the regal period 文明的发展和这种精神早在富豪时期就很明显
when Rome was only a small village still 当罗马只是一个小村庄时，罗马慢慢被征服并吞并
Rome slowly conquered and annexed 当罗马只是一个小村庄时，罗马慢慢被征服并吞并
neighboring people's the slow and steady 邻国的缓慢而稳定的扩张最终导致了罗马人
expansion eventually led to the Romans 邻国的缓慢而稳定的扩张最终导致了罗马人
domination of the Italian peninsula and 他们统治着意大利半岛和整个地中海
the entire Mediterranean Sea where they 他们统治着意大利半岛和整个地中海
conquered the Greeks Egyptians and 征服了希腊人埃及人和迦太基人的军事征服
Carthaginians military conquests would 征服了希腊人埃及人和迦太基人的军事征服
later help Rome conquer lands as far 后来帮助罗马征服了如此遥远的英国和伊拉克
away as Britain and Iraq this massive 后来帮助罗马征服了如此遥远的英国和伊拉克
scale and growing populous necessitated 规模和人口的增长必然导致罗马工程学的进步
advancements in Roman engineering 规模和人口的增长必然导致罗马工程学的进步
aqueducts were constructed which 修建了渡槽，增加了公众对水的获取
increased the public's access to water 修建了渡槽，增加了公众对水的获取
helped improve public health and paved 帮助改善公共卫生，并为罗马著名的澡堂铺平了道路
the way for Rome's famed bath houses a 帮助改善公共卫生，并为罗马著名的澡堂铺平了道路
50,000 mile long road system was built 50,000英里长的道路系统也是在最初为
as well while made originally for the 50,000英里长的道路系统也是在最初为
military it facilitated the movement of 军事上它促进了整个帝国内人们和思想的流动
people and ideas throughout the empire 军事上它促进了整个帝国内人们和思想的流动
this transmission of ideas and increased 想法的传播以及与多种文化的更多接触
contact with diverse cultures also 想法的传播以及与多种文化的更多接触
enabled other aspects of Roman culture 使罗马文化的其他方面得以发展
to evolve 使罗马文化的其他方面得以发展
a key to Rome success in the longevity 罗马长寿成功的关键是帝国对文化的包容
was the Empire's inclusion of cultures 罗马长寿成功的关键是帝国对文化的包容
from the lands they conquered from the 从他们从附近的罗马帝国大地征服的土地中获得了
nearby land of Latium Rome acquired the 从他们从附近的罗马帝国大地征服的土地中获得了
Latin language which became the Empire's 拉丁语成为帝国的官方语言，也是祖先的祖先
official language and the ancestor to 拉丁语成为帝国的官方语言，也是祖先的祖先
Europe's Romance languages Romans also 欧洲的浪漫语言罗马人还从
adopted cultural aspects from the 欧洲的浪漫语言罗马人还从
ancient state of Etruria including their 古代的伊特鲁里亚州，包括其宗教字母和奇观
religion alphabet and the spectacle of 古代的伊特鲁里亚州，包括其宗教字母和奇观
gladiator combat however no other 角斗士之战，但是没有其他文明影响罗马人
civilization influenced the Romans as 角斗士之战，但是没有其他文明影响罗马人
much as the ancient Greeks their 与古希腊人一样，他们的影响力在
influence is probably most apparent in 与古希腊人一样，他们的影响力在
Rome's art and architecture upper-class 罗马的艺术和建筑高级罗马人委托绘画和
Romans commissioned paintings and 罗马的艺术和建筑高级罗马人委托绘画和
sculptures to imitate Greek art Greek 雕塑模仿希腊艺术希腊建筑风格，例如圆柱
architectural styles such as columns 雕塑模仿希腊艺术希腊建筑风格，例如圆柱
were implemented in Roman structures 在罗马建筑中实施，如万神殿和罗马竞技场之一
such as the Pantheon and Colosseum one 在罗马建筑中实施，如万神殿和罗马竞技场之一
cultural shift in particular that 特别是在整个帝国引起共鸣的文化转变是
resonated throughout the Empire was the 特别是在整个帝国引起共鸣的文化转变是
rise of Christianity originating in the 起源于中东的基督教的崛起
Middle East the religion found a strong 起源于中东的基督教的崛起
advocate in Constantine the first the 在君士坦丁倡导第一个first依的罗马皇帝
first Roman Emperor to convert to 在君士坦丁倡导第一个first依的罗马皇帝
Christianity he enabled Rome's 基督教他使罗马过渡到基督教国家和
transition into a Christian state and 基督教他使罗马过渡到基督教国家和
encouraged the religion to spread across 鼓励宗教在四世纪后在欧洲传播
Europe by the 4th century after a 鼓励宗教在四世纪后在欧洲传播
lifespan of over a millennium the Roman 罗马帝国一千年以上的寿命下降的因素包括
Empire declined factors including 罗马帝国一千年以上的寿命下降的因素包括
political corruption economic crises and 政治腐败经济危机和阶级冲突导致帝国衰败
class conflict led to the Empire's decay 政治腐败经济危机和阶级冲突导致帝国衰败
from within 从内部入侵和其他军事
while invasions and other military 从内部入侵和其他军事
threats caused it to break down from 威胁使其脱离罗马以外的能力
outside Rome's ability to incorporate 威胁使其脱离罗马以外的能力
diverse cultures dominate rivals and 多元文化主导竞争对手，并使政治制度适应
adapt political systems to the needs of 多元文化主导竞争对手，并使政治制度适应
its people are all lessons to be learned 它的人民都是永恒的教训
for time eternal 它的人民都是永恒的教训
[Music] [音乐]