1
00:00:00,066 --> 00:00:03,066


2
00:00:04,066 --> 00:00:06,333
1941��12��7��

3
00:00:08,733 --> 00:00:12,960
Japan is about to attack the United States of America.
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4
00:00:13,070 --> 00:00:16,035
On board the aircraft carrier "Zuikaku"
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5
00:00:16,035 --> 00:00:19,000
the pilots are woken at 4am.
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6
00:00:24,040 --> 00:00:27,410
Captain Mitsuo Futida gathers them together
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7
00:00:27,530 --> 00:00:31,040
for the traditional sake toast to the Emperor.
�Դ�ͳ��ƾٱ�ң������¾�

8
00:00:38,920 --> 00:00:42,420
Futida will lead the attack on Pearl Harbor
�����ۼ������ͻϮ�����

9
00:00:42,450 --> 00:00:45,300
the large American naval base in Hawaii.
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10
00:00:45,370 --> 00:00:49,520
According to the bold plan devised by Admiral Yamamoto
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11
00:00:51,900 --> 00:00:54,600
Yamamoto wants to deal a decisive blow
ɽ��ϣ���ܽ�һ�ιؼ��Եĺ�ը�ж�

12
00:00:54,620 --> 00:00:59,730
and eleminate this obstacle to Japan's conquest of Pacific
һ��ɨ���ձ�����̫ƽ��������谭

13
00:01:10,200 --> 00:01:11,790
Futida recounts:
����������:

14
00:01:12,080 --> 00:01:14,350
"We took off to the Harbor."
��������ɺ�������ۡ�

15
00:01:14,460 --> 00:01:16,590
"I shouted out the code words."
���Ҵ��������������롱

16
00:01:16,690 --> 00:01:19,180
"Tora! Tora! Tora!"
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17
00:01:40,310 --> 00:01:42,550
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18
00:01:48,550 --> 00:01:51,550
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19
00:01:56,550 --> 00:01:59,050
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20
00:02:03,010 --> 00:02:05,690
The attack comes as a total surprise.
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21
00:02:05,790 --> 00:02:07,690
Marine Corporal Er Nightingale
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22
00:02:07,790 --> 00:02:09,990
who was on board the battle ship Arizona
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23
00:02:10,090 --> 00:02:12,190
described the scene:
�����������龰:

24
00:02:12,240 --> 00:02:15,005
"An explosion pulls the ship to shake violently."
����ը���������Ҵ�,��

25
00:02:15,105 --> 00:02:18,107
"I look the boat deck and everythings seem to flame."
���ҿ��Ŵ��װ壬һ�ж����ƺ�����ȼ�ա���

26
00:02:18,107 --> 00:02:21,110
"I reported to the Major that the ship was flame."
��������У���洬����𣬡�

27
00:02:21,110 --> 00:02:23,670
"The Major ordered to leave."
����У������������

28
00:02:23,670 --> 00:02:24,970
"I was the last man to leave."
���������һ���뿪�ġ���

29
00:02:24,970 --> 00:02:26,970
"The bodys of dead were sunk"
"ʬ���³�"

30
00:02:27,070 --> 00:02:29,060
"and badly burnt men were heading for the quarterdeck."
���������˵��˱����װ塣��

31
00:02:29,160 --> 00:02:33,060
"only to four apparently dead or badly wounded"
��ֻʣ�ĸ������������������˵ġ���

32
00:02:34,670 --> 00:02:37,180
In this attack launched without any declaration of war
���δ��ս�㷢���Ĺ���

33
00:02:37,290 --> 00:02:42,170
two and a half thousand Americans died and twelve hundred wounded
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34
00:02:42,820 --> 00:02:47,020
whereas less than a hundred Japaness pilots and sailors were killed.
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35
00:02:50,760 --> 00:02:53,995
These images would shock the American people.
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36
00:02:54,095 --> 00:02:58,630
They would no longer oppose their country's entry into the war.
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37
00:02:59,750 --> 00:03:03,055
Yet the Japanese forces did not land in Hawaii
Ȼ���վ���δ�������ĵ�½��

38
00:03:03,055 --> 00:03:05,160
nor they take the harbor.
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39
00:03:05,990 --> 00:03:07,990
They sank part of the American fleet
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40
00:03:08,000 --> 00:03:16,020
but only the now outdated battle ships. Aircraft carriers will become the key to victory in naval warfare.
�����ǽϳ¾ɵ�ս��������ĸ�����Ǻ���ʤ���Ĺؼ�

41
00:03:16,050 --> 00:03:22,090
And the three aircraft carriers based in Peral Harbor were not there. They were all out to sea.
���������Ϊ���ص����Һ���ĸ����ʱ���ڸ���

42
00:03:22,180 --> 00:03:25,680
And so miraculously they were remained intact.
ȫ��������������漣�Ƶ�˿������

43
00:03:25,950 --> 00:03:30,860
The President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt has been expecting the attack
������ͳ��˹�����Ԥ�ϻ��г�����

44
00:03:30,960 --> 00:03:33,580
Tension between two countries was at its height.
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45
00:03:33,660 --> 00:03:37,480
But who would've imagined that the Japanese naval aviation units
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46
00:03:37,480 --> 00:03:40,790
would be able to strike 5 thousand kilometers away from their bases.
��Ȼ�������ش�������ǻ���5ǧ��������ĵ����أ�

47
00:03:41,740 --> 00:03:44,500
The next day Roosevelt goes before congress:
������˹���ڹ��ᷢ����˵:

48
00:03:45,060 --> 00:03:52,040
"Yesterday, December 7th, 1941"
�����죬1941��12��7�ա�

49
00:03:53,610 --> 00:03:59,150
"A day which we'll live in infamy. "
����������ʷ�ϵĹ����ա�

50
00:03:59,240 --> 00:04:05,120
"United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked."
�������⵽����ͻϮ��

51
00:04:05,500 --> 00:04:12,440
"No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion"
���������ǵû����ʱ����ܻ�����ε�Ԥı�����ж���

52
00:04:13,310 --> 00:04:20,270
"The American people in the right just might, we'll win for all to absolutely victory."
����������λ������һ�������ܻ��ȫ��ʤ����

53
00:04:23,010 --> 00:04:25,180
It is indeed an invasion.
��ȷʵ�������ж�

54
00:04:25,280 --> 00:04:30,500
On the same day the Japanese attack the British colony of HongKong
ͬһ���ձ�Ҳ������Ӣ��ֳ������

55
00:04:33,110 --> 00:04:38,430
then they bomb the American airbases in the Philippines on land of the town ????.
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56
00:04:46,260 --> 00:04:50,210
The Japanese have already established a strong foothold in China.
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57
00:04:50,310 --> 00:04:54,390
They invade the British colonies of Burma and Malaya for their rubber
��������Ӣ������鼰�����ǵ�ֳ����Ի�ȡ��

58
00:04:54,490 --> 00:04:57,570
the Dutch colonies of Sumatra for its oil.
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59
00:04:57,910 --> 00:05:02,060
and they threaten Indian and Australia.
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60
00:05:02,760 --> 00:05:07,390
A few months earlier they had moved in French colony of Indochina
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61
00:05:07,880 --> 00:05:10,300
After the France's defeat in 1940
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62
00:05:10,380 --> 00:05:14,600
The Vichy regime which was unable to refuse anything to ally of Hitler
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63
00:05:14,740 --> 00:05:18,810
has turned some of its aero-naval bases over to the Japanese
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64
00:05:20,200 --> 00:05:28,180
The United States retaliated by cutting off its oil supplies to Japan and freezing Japanese asserts
���������ж϶���ʯ�͹�Ӧ�������ձ��ʲ���Ϊ����

65
00:05:30,730 --> 00:05:35,500
These economic sanctions had pushed Japan into the war.
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66
00:05:36,990 --> 00:05:41,400
The country, a chain of overpopulated islands lacking in natural resources,
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67
00:05:41,510 --> 00:05:45,080
was rapidly developing. It was in need of raw materials
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68
00:05:45,180 --> 00:05:50,060
and set out to conquer the nations who had them by force.
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69
00:05:50,080 --> 00:05:54,500
Japan has built up its navy to become one of the second most powerful fleet in the world
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70
00:05:54,570 --> 00:06:00,020
with no less than 10 aircraft carriers and with highly sophisticated fighter aircraft,
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71
00:06:00,220 --> 00:06:02,950
the remarkable zero for example,
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72
00:06:02,950 --> 00:06:08,290
which are performed out allied planes in terms of speed and movability and range.
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73
00:06:08,590 --> 00:06:13,530
This in addition to an army of millions of men swears to devote to their emperor.
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74
00:06:17,490 --> 00:06:21,940
Hirohito is the 124 Emperor of Japan
ԣ�����ձ���124�����

75
00:06:22,430 --> 00:06:28,180
the scholarly monarch studies marine biology in the laboratory in his palace.
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76
00:06:35,310 --> 00:06:38,300
He is a living God.
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77
00:06:39,230 --> 00:06:42,930
The actions of his military are covered by his divine authority.
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78
00:06:52,130 --> 00:06:56,860
In China the imperial army carried out unbelievable massacres
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79
00:06:57,420 --> 00:07:03,410
such as in NanKing in 1937 where three hundred thousnad Chinese were slaughtered
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80
00:07:03,800 --> 00:07:09,270
before the Japanese could proudly parade through the Forbidden City in Beijing.
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81
00:07:16,630 --> 00:07:19,600
The Emperor reigns but does not govern.
���ֻ��ͳȨ��������Ȩ

82
00:07:19,970 --> 00:07:24,090
Power lies in the hands of Gernernal Tojo and ultra nationalist group
��Ȩȫ���տ��ڶ���Ӣ�����Լ�һȺ������������������

83
00:07:24,170 --> 00:07:29,010
to control the country via their local Gestapo, the Kenpei-tai
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84
00:07:29,310 --> 00:07:36,650
and via louder speakers to broadcast the offical declaration of war against the United States.
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85
00:07:44,900 --> 00:07:47,920
����Ӣ��:��һ���ձ�����

86
00:07:48,020 --> 00:07:52,880
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87
00:07:52,970 --> 00:07:58,440
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88
00:07:58,540 --> 00:08:02,900
�����ߵ۹����ٳ������ƽ��Ŀ�ꡱ

89
00:08:02,980 --> 00:08:07,770
�����Ƕ�����Ӣ��������η�塱

90
00:08:08,450 --> 00:08:12,750
These Japanese pilots who took off from Indochina at breakfast time
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91
00:08:12,880 --> 00:08:15,160
do not fear the British.
��Ӣ��ȫ��η��

92
00:08:15,580 --> 00:08:20,170
They are looking for two British battle ships to come to protect Singapore
���ǵ�Ŀ��������Ӣ�����������¼��µ�ս��

93
00:08:20,260 --> 00:08:26,810
the very honorable "Repulse" and one of the most modern combat ship of the time "The Prince of Walse"
��ʷ�ƾõġ�ȴ�кš��Լ���ʱ���Ƚ���ս��������˹�����š�

94
00:08:26,920 --> 00:08:29,090
the pride of the Royal Navy.
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95
00:08:29,450 --> 00:08:33,930
They are both sank by the Japanese in less than an hour
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96
00:08:33,940 --> 00:08:39,280
a fatal day, the end of the Great Britain's dominion over the seas.
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97
00:08:43,210 --> 00:08:48,870
The following day in Berlin the F��hrer goes to the Reichstag
�����ڰ��֣�Ԫ����������

98
00:08:49,170 --> 00:08:53,160
for a meeting of Nazi leaders.
������������ɴ�߲㿪��

99
00:08:55,950 --> 00:09:01,450
The four critical days since Peral Harbor and Japan's entry into the war against the United States
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100
00:09:01,490 --> 00:09:07,860
Hitler has been waiting in vain for Roosevelt to declare war on Germany.
ϣ����һֱ������˹���Ե���ս��ȴδ����Ը

101
00:09:07,880 --> 00:09:10,030
If Hitler sides with Japan
���ϣ���պ��ձ�վ��ͬһ��

102
00:09:10,050 --> 00:09:13,040
perhaps Tokyo will support him in Russia.
Ҳ���ձ���������������ʱ����֧��

103
00:09:15,960 --> 00:09:19,140
The German genernals however are far from enthusiastic.
���¹��Ľ��ٶԴ˵�̬���䵭

104
00:09:19,160 --> 00:09:22,300
Ribbentrop, the Foreign Minister, has tried to dissuade Hitler
�⽻������������带��ͼȰ��ϣ����

105
00:09:22,590 --> 00:09:27,120
But Hitler declares war on the United States.
��ϣ�����Ծɾ�����������ս

106
00:09:32,820 --> 00:09:35,250
"We know what powers stand behind Roosevelt"
������֪����˹�������֧���������Ժ��ˡ�

107
00:09:35,270 --> 00:09:37,450
"It is the eternal Jew"
��������Щû��û�˵���̫�ˡ�

108
00:09:37,530 --> 00:09:42,880
"I am grateful to the German people for designating me to lead this historic struggle"
���Һܸ�л�¹�����ί�����쵼�����ʷ�ԵĿ�����

109
00:09:42,900 --> 00:09:47,910
"This will determin the history of the world for the next 10 centuries to come."
������������δ��10���͵�������ʷ��

110
00:09:50,990 --> 00:09:53,210
The British Prime Minister phones Washington.
Ӣ�������µ���������

111
00:09:53,370 --> 00:09:55,610
Roosevelt says: "We are all in the same boat now."
��˹��˵�����������Ƕ���ͬһ�����ϡ�

112
00:09:56,710 --> 00:09:59,500
This is the monent Churchill has been waiting for for the las two years
�𼪶������������ڵȴ���һ��

113
00:10:00,400 --> 00:10:04,460
Roosevelt wanted to show his electorate that he'd done everything he could to keep the peace.
��˹����������ѡ�񿴵����ѽ߾�ȫ��׷���ƽ

114
00:10:04,560 --> 00:10:07,060
The war has now become a world war
�ⳡս���ѳ�Ϊ�����ս

115
00:10:08,160 --> 00:10:09,360
and Churchill now feels stronger.
�����𼪶������Լ������Ƶ�����

116
00:10:10,160 --> 00:10:12,290
"What kind of people that they think we are ?"
��������Ϊ�����������ˣ���

117
00:10:13,980 --> 00:10:20,880
"It is possible they do not realize that we shall never cease to pursue ???? against them."
�������Ƿ��˽���������������Զ�ƶ�������֮�Կ���

118
00:10:21,160 --> 00:10:25,550
"untill they have been taught the lesson which lay under the world we'll never forget."
��ֱ������ѧ�ᵽ��ѵ��������־�������ˣ���

119
00:10:29,370 --> 00:10:31,940
Churchill severely underestimates the enemy.
�𼪶����صص͹��˵���

120
00:10:31,950 --> 00:10:38,080
Hongkong falls to Japan in just 17 days.
�����17��������ձ�֮��

121
00:10:47,510 --> 00:10:50,940
Genernal Yamashita known as "the Tiger Of Malaya"
ɽ�´��С�����֮�����ƺ�

122
00:10:51,030 --> 00:10:54,410
sands Japanese tanks through Malayan jungle.
��ǲ�վ�̹�˲��Ӵ�Խ�����뵺����

123
00:10:58,180 --> 00:11:01,190
He captures Singapore, "The Pearl Of British Empire"
���������¼��£�������Ӣ�۹�֮���顱

124
00:11:01,270 --> 00:11:05,470
a strong hold was considered impregnable
������������Ϊ�Ǽ᲻�ɴݵ�Ҫ��

125
00:11:11,330 --> 00:11:15,370
Yamashita makes hundreds of prisoners line up in perfect order
ɽ����������ս���ų���������Ķ���

126
00:11:15,480 --> 00:11:20,090
so impressive and humiliating review.
��������̾Ϊ��ֹȴ�����������µļ�����ʽ

127
00:11:29,010 --> 00:11:34,840
Yamashita indulges in a civil salute for the Japanese propaganda crew.
�����ձ�������Ա��ͷǰ����������������

128
00:11:36,400 --> 00:11:41,540
Genernal Yamashita will be hanged for war crimes in 1946.
ɽ�´������1946����ս�����ж��ܽ���

129
00:11:43,020 --> 00:11:46,250
Gernernal MacArthur commander of US forces in the Philippines
��˰�ɪ������פ���ɱ�������ָ�ӹ�

130
00:11:46,340 --> 00:11:48,220
which are now surrounded by the Japanese
�����ڷ��ɱ��ѱ��ձ���Χ

131
00:11:48,230 --> 00:11:52,470
is ordered by Roosevelt to escape so as not to be taken prisoner.
��˹���������������ⱻ��

132
00:11:54,070 --> 00:11:56,690
When he arrives in Australia he declares:
���ִ����ʱ����������

133
00:11:56,960 --> 00:11:59,260
"I shall return."
���һ��ȥ�ġ�

134
00:11:59,810 --> 00:12:02,410
MacArthur's soldiers are taken prisoner.
��˰�ɪ��ʿ�������˽�����

135
00:12:02,510 --> 00:12:07,580
Thirth thousand Americans with the old 1917 doughboy helmets
3��������1917�경��ͷ��������

136
00:12:07,730 --> 00:12:09,890
and equal number of Philippines
������Ŀ����ķ��ɱ���ʿ��

137
00:12:10,170 --> 00:12:14,830
who set off for their interment camp a hundred kilometers away.
ȫ����������ǰ��100�������ս��Ӫ

138
00:12:16,900 --> 00:12:20,110
This is the "Bataan Death March"
�������ν�ġ��͵������о���

139
00:12:22,230 --> 00:12:25,320
One of the survivors Sidney Stewart recalls:
�Ҵ���֮һϯ��ʷ�������䵱ʱ�龰:

140
00:12:25,480 --> 00:12:28,580
"We march for ten days and nights without eating."
�������о�ʮ��ʮҹ��ȫû�н�ʳ��

141
00:12:28,660 --> 00:12:30,380
"We were constantly beaten."
��һ·��ʱ����

142
00:12:30,510 --> 00:12:37,750
"Those who could no longer go on were killed by the guards to behead them with the sword."
���߲������˾ͱ�����ɱ��������ն�ס�

143
00:12:49,080 --> 00:12:54,370
In just 5 months Japan has destoried the allied forces in the far east
����5����ʱ�䣬�ձ��ݻ���ͬ�˹���Զ������������

144
00:12:54,470 --> 00:12:57,440
and conquered half of the pacific.
������̫ƽ������ĵ���

145
00:12:58,340 --> 00:13:02,940
"Ten'n�� Kai Banzai!" "Long live the Emperor!"
���������!��

146
00:13:03,950 --> 00:13:08,920
A huge "Banzai" resounds through out the empire
�ƴ�ġ����ꡱ������������۹�

147
00:13:09,000 --> 00:13:12,590
to celebrate the Japan's version of lightning war.
��ף�ձ�ʽ������ս�ɹ�

148
00:13:12,690 --> 00:13:15,320
It reaches Genernal Tojo and the Emperor
���������������󽫴�Ҳ������ʴ�

149
00:13:15,400 --> 00:13:19,000
who deigns to make apperance in public with his family.
��������������˹�ͬ����������֮ǰ

150
00:13:27,110 --> 00:13:28,850
"Germany first"
���¹����ȡ�

151
00:13:29,240 --> 00:13:32,310
Churchill and Roosevelt both agree on this strategy.
�𼪶�����˹����ͬ����ս��

152
00:13:32,400 --> 00:13:36,050
Their primary objective is to defeat German.
���ǵ���ҪĿ���ǻ��ܵ¹�

153
00:13:36,200 --> 00:13:39,040
"We have to bomb it." says Churchill.
�����ǵú�ը�¹����𼪶���ʾ

154
00:13:39,360 --> 00:13:43,780
He creates an air fleet commanded by Genernal Bomber Harris.
��������һ֧���ջ����ɡ���ը��������˹����ָ��

155
00:13:47,990 --> 00:13:50,030
Harris believes he can win the war
����˹������һ�������ⳡս���л�ʤ

156
00:13:50,120 --> 00:13:54,110
with his powerful four engine Halifaxes and Lancasters.
��Ϊ��������ǿ����ľ�����ġ���������˹���͡�����˹�ء��ɻ�

157
00:13:55,230 --> 00:13:59,570
This strategy's criticized at being costly in terms of men and equipment
��Ȼ��ս�Ա�����������Ա���豸�϶����Ѳ���

158
00:13:59,660 --> 00:14:03,900
but it does begin to take its toe on German cities.
����ȷ��ʼ�ڵ¹������д���ƻ�Ч��

159
00:14:05,170 --> 00:14:11,110
On the 8th March, 1942, Essen is bombed, a way for Churchill to help Stalin.
1942��3��8�� �¹��İ�ɭ���ը�������𼪶�Ԯ��˹���ֵķ�ʽ

160
00:14:11,980 --> 00:14:16,400
The city produces the weapons used by the German forces in Russia.
��Ϊ���������������������ṩ���������ĵ¾�ʹ��

161
00:14:18,240 --> 00:14:22,960
The Germans begin to measure the consequences of Hitler's policy.
�¹��˿�ʼ����ϣ���յ����߾���������ʲô���

162
00:14:25,730 --> 00:14:30,400
The Nazi regime descends into murderers insanity.
�ɴ���Ȩ����Ϊ�ײеķ����֯

163
00:14:33,910 --> 00:14:38,220
Hitler, Goering, Himmler and his asistant Heydrich
ϣ���գ����֣�ϣķ���Լ��������ֺ�����ϣ

164
00:14:38,300 --> 00:14:41,980
Begin to implement what they call "the final solution"
�Ѿ���ʼִ��������ν�ġ������������

165
00:14:42,070 --> 00:14:45,540
extermination of Jews in Europe.
��ͼ���ŷ�޵���̫��

166
00:14:45,620 --> 00:14:51,280
It is further endorsed the Wannsee Conference near Berlin in January 1942.
�ⷽ���������ڰ��ָ����ٿ�����
��������ͨ����ʱΪ1942��һ��

167
00:14:53,060 --> 00:14:55,380
That is why Heydrick has come to Paris
���Ǻ�����ϣ֮ǰ�������ԭ��

168
00:14:55,460 --> 00:14:59,910
to orgnize the rounding up of Jews in France
����Χ�˷�����̫�˵��ж�

169
00:15:00,010 --> 00:15:05,890
Their one way trip to the gas chamber in Auschwitz
���ǵĵ��������յ��ǰ���ά�ȵĶ�����

170
00:15:18,620 --> 00:15:23,480
The Wannsee Conference is the manufacturing of mass produrced crime.
��������˵�����֮Դ

171
00:15:26,190 --> 00:15:30,030
Thousands of Jews are crowded into fake showers
��ǧ��̫�˱�����αװ����ԡ����

172
00:15:30,140 --> 00:15:32,700
and gased.
���붾������

173
00:15:42,280 --> 00:15:44,570
After the "Holocaust by Bullets" in Russia,
�ټ��������������ġ��ӵ�����ɱ��

174
00:15:44,670 --> 00:15:47,570
the genocide intensified.
�����ⳡ���������ɱ��䱾����

175
00:15:57,970 --> 00:16:02,030
In Paris and across Europe the occupation brings poverty
�����ڰ������ŷ�޵¾�ռ�춼���������

176
00:16:02,840 --> 00:16:04,110
Everything is rationed.
���ж�����Ҫ���

177
00:16:04,480 --> 00:16:08,730
Everything the occupied countries produce goes to feed the German army.
����ռ�������������ʶ�Ҫ��ȥι���¾�

178
00:16:12,640 --> 00:16:16,000
The children's fathers are prisoners in Germany.
��Щ��ͯ�ĸ��׶��ǵ¾��Ľ�����

179
00:16:16,300 --> 00:16:18,220
???? camps for enlisted men
ʷ����ս��Ӫ��������ʿ��

180
00:16:18,420 --> 00:16:22,220
and ???? camps for the officers.
�·���ս��Ӫ��������������

181
00:16:24,020 --> 00:16:27,880
???? in prison in June 1940, writes:
��˹��ϯ�տ���1940��6������������д��:

182
00:16:28,290 --> 00:16:31,510
"I waste the five best years of my life in ????"
������ʷ����ս��Ӫ���˷���������������5�����¡�

183
00:16:31,730 --> 00:16:35,250
"from 20 to 25 without my wife."
����20�굽25��û��������顱

184
00:16:41,170 --> 00:16:44,530
In the ???? the officers are treated better.
�����ڰ·���ս��Ӫ�ľ��ٴ����Ժ�һЩ

185
00:16:44,640 --> 00:16:48,890
The French genernals are in turned the fortress in Konigstein near Dresden
�����Ľ����������ڿ���˹̹�ĳǱ����ڽ�����˹��

186
00:16:49,170 --> 00:16:54,020
including the unfortunate leader of the Battle of France such as Genernal Giraud.
�ڷ���ս���в������ܵĽ��죬���缪�޽���

187
00:16:54,120 --> 00:16:59,180
His jailer takes great delighted in filming him during an interesting visit to the city of Dresden
������������������ӰƬΪ�֣�����������õ���˹�ǵ��ڼ�

188
00:16:59,270 --> 00:17:02,150
which British bombs would later raze to the ground.
֮��Ӣ���ĺ�ը��ƽ�˴˵�

189
00:17:04,330 --> 00:17:09,620
At age of 63, Genernal Giraud would become the hero of an acrobatic escape
���޽���ʱ��63�꣬��������Ϸ���Ե����ѳ�ΪӢ������

190
00:17:09,720 --> 00:17:12,290
that will infuriate Hitler.
��ϣ���ղ�Ȼ��ŭ

191
00:17:12,390 --> 00:17:16,150
For a while Giraud will be the rival of Genernal De Gaulle.
֮���޽�����Ϊ�����ֽ����ľ�������

192
00:17:16,860 --> 00:17:19,175
It is De Gaulle howerver who from London
�����վ��Ǵ����ֽ������׶�

193
00:17:19,175 --> 00:17:21,490
embodys "the French Resistance".
��֯�ˡ������ֿ��˶���

194
00:17:22,090 --> 00:17:26,080
In France attacks against the occupiers has been on the rise
�ڷ������ڹ���ռ������ж���������

195
00:17:26,180 --> 00:17:29,160
especially since the communists jion the resistance struggle
�����ڵ¹�����������

196
00:17:29,240 --> 00:17:32,380
following Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union.
�����๲����Ա����ֿ��˶�

197
00:17:32,860 --> 00:17:37,230
In retaliation of anti-German attacks hostages are executed.
Ϊ������Щ���¾�������Щս���⵽����

198
00:17:43,210 --> 00:17:47,270
De Gaulle now has a small army fighting alongside the British in Africa
������������֧С�;��ӣ�Э��פ���޵�Ӣ����ս

199
00:17:47,380 --> 00:17:49,930
called "Free French Forces"
��Ϊ�����ɷ������š�

200
00:17:50,060 --> 00:17:53,760
Its members have been sentenced to death by the Vichy government
���г�Ա�Ա�ά����Ȩ�д�����

201
00:17:53,890 --> 00:17:57,200
Some are in fighting since the 18th of June 1940.
�����˶��μ���1940��6��18�Ŀ���

202
00:17:58,380 --> 00:18:01,570
The most famous among them is Genernal Leclerc
������֪�������տ���������

203
00:18:01,680 --> 00:18:04,080
His real name is Philip De Aote Clark
ԭ���Ƿ����ֵ°��ؿ�����

204
00:18:04,580 --> 00:18:07,570
but he adopted this alias to protect his familys back in France
�������ô˻����Ա��������ڷ������ڵļ���

205
00:18:08,730 --> 00:18:13,800
After being promoted to genernal by De Gaulle he fashioned the kepi for himself
�����������Ϊ�����������Լ�����ƽ��ñ��

206
00:18:14,000 --> 00:18:16,205
with two stars taken from a Itlian
װ�������Ŵ�������˴�����������

207
00:18:16,205 --> 00:18:18,610
after the victorious battle in Cufra in Libya
���������ǿ����ս�ۻ�ʤ��ս��Ʒ

208
00:18:20,210 --> 00:18:22,340
That day Leclerc said to his men:
�����տ�����������˵:

209
00:18:22,480 --> 00:18:25,190
"Swear that you would not lay down your arms"
���ڴ��������Ǿ��Բ�����֡�

210
00:18:25,190 --> 00:18:29,290
"Untill our flags flies once again over the Cathedral of Strasbourg"
���������ǵ������ٶ�Ʈ����˹����˹�������֮�ϡ�

211
00:18:34,940 --> 00:18:38,700
For 15 days at Bir Hakeim in the Libya desert
��������ɳĮ�Ĺ��Ͼ���ս15���

212
00:18:38,800 --> 00:18:41,940
other Free French Forces repel the German offensive
���ɷ������ŵ��������ӻ����˵¾��Ľ����ж�

213
00:18:42,040 --> 00:18:46,480
launched by Rommel, the "Desert Fox", at his Africa Corps.
���ж��ɡ�ɳĮ֮����¡���������޾���������

214
00:18:51,340 --> 00:18:54,180
In this global conflict the so called "Axis Powers"
���ⳡȫ���ս���У���ν�����Ĺ�

215
00:18:54,280 --> 00:18:59,090
the line between Germany, Italy and Japan are positioned on all fronts
Ҳ���ǵ����������������ڲ����ڸ���ս����

216
00:18:59,650 --> 00:19:02,860
The Africa Corps is just outside Egypt
���޾����ڰ�����Χ

217
00:19:02,980 --> 00:19:06,220
The Wehrmacht occupied a third of Russia.
�¾�ռ��������֮һ������

218
00:19:06,320 --> 00:19:09,640
The imperial navy of Japan controls the Pacific
�ձ��ʾ�������̫ƽ����

219
00:19:09,720 --> 00:19:14,120
and Germany submarines are raking havoc in Atlantic
�¾�Ǳͧ���ڴ���������ɺƽ�

220
00:19:14,260 --> 00:19:17,630
The U-boat is arguably Germany most dangerous weapon
U��Ǳͧ�����ǵ¾���Σ�յ�����

221
00:19:17,730 --> 00:19:23,060
In the first few months in 1942 the submarines have sank 4 million tons of allied ships
1942������Ǳͧ������ͬ�˹���4���򹫶��صĴ���

222
00:19:24,140 --> 00:19:26,990
oil tankers, freighter loaded with arms and planes
���������Լ������������ɻ��Ļ���

223
00:19:27,110 --> 00:19:31,110
on their way with fresh supplies to ???? Great Britain.
��Щ����Ҫ�ṩ���ʸ�������Ϣ֮Ӣ���Ĳ�����

224
00:19:31,390 --> 00:19:33,700
Even though the United States has joined the conflict
��Ȼ����Ҳ����ս��

225
00:19:33,890 --> 00:19:40,340
the war seems to be lost. The world is on the brink of destruction.
�������ܾ����֣����������ڻ����Ե

226
00:19:53,660 --> 00:19:57,690
The German's submariners approach north America
�¾�Ǳͧ�����ġ��ƽ�ʱ���������������˵ġ�Ӧ��֮�ء�

227
00:19:58,070 --> 00:20:02,360
Through their periscopes they film the bright light of New York
͸�����ǵ�Ǳ��������������ŦԼ�������ƻ�

228
00:20:11,820 --> 00:20:16,270
"We have information that is ............"
�����ǵõ���Ϣ�и��ɻ��ж���������������

229
00:20:16,360 --> 00:20:19,670
The American newpapers and radios warn the public
�����ı�ֽ��㲥�������

230
00:20:19,770 --> 00:20:21,630
of possible the German air raids
�¾����ܽ��п�Ϯ

231
00:20:21,980 --> 00:20:23,580
In reality however
��ʵ��ʱ�ɻ���������

232
00:20:23,690 --> 00:20:27,600
planes do not yet have such a long range of action from Europe
�в����ŷ�޷ɵ��˵�

233
00:20:28,250 --> 00:20:31,830
Still the population is told to blackout the lights.
���������Ի�֪ͨӦ���ڵƻ�

234
00:20:32,580 --> 00:20:37,680
It is in fact the west coast where the idea of the Japanese attacks seems more plausible
��ʵ�ϱȽϿ������ձ�����������

235
00:20:37,780 --> 00:20:40,250
but it is over taken by hysteria.
������ֻ�֮��

236
00:20:41,020 --> 00:20:46,160
Suddenly a hundred twenty thousand Japanese Americans fall under suspicion.
ͻȻ֮��12�����������˳�����ʸ֮��

237
00:20:49,260 --> 00:20:54,350
First their radios are confiscated. Then their figuerprints are taken.
�������ǵ���������û�գ����ž����ɼ����ǵ�ָ��

238
00:21:01,950 --> 00:21:05,090
The government posts order for they introduce emergency measures
�����������湫��������ʩ

239
00:21:06,220 --> 00:21:07,710
Roosevelt declares:
��˹������:

240
00:21:07,790 --> 00:21:10,360
"It is a millitary necessity".
"������Ӧ������Ҫ"

241
00:21:10,620 --> 00:21:15,320
These Americans of Japanese ancestry have lived for generations in California
��Щ���������˵������Ѷ��Ӽ�����������

242
00:21:15,410 --> 00:21:18,750
where they contribute to the agriculture and the economy of the state.
���ǶԼ��ݵ�ũҵ�뾭������๱��

243
00:21:19,170 --> 00:21:22,160
Most of them are US citizens.
������˶��߹����ʸ�

244
00:21:24,060 --> 00:21:28,300
They are given 48 hours to vacate their shops and their houses.
���ǻ�����48Сʱ��Ǩ������

245
00:21:29,080 --> 00:21:31,070
They are evacuated in groups
֮�����Ƕ������ϳ�Ⱥ

246
00:21:31,160 --> 00:21:36,980
to relocation centers far out in the desert of Utah or up in the snows of Colordo
��ɢ��Զ��������ɳĮ�л���������ݷ�ѩ�еİ�������

247
00:21:37,070 --> 00:21:42,040
Center's euphemistically called "Internment Camps"
��Щ���ı�ί��س�Ϊ������Ӫ��

248
00:21:42,270 --> 00:21:46,070
It is graceful spectacle for the United States.
��������������ʵ�һ��ʷʵ

249
00:21:51,980 --> 00:21:54,960
In the words of the American novelist Julie Otsuka
����С˵�Ҵ�V����˵

250
00:21:55,390 --> 00:21:57,423
"My upbringing is very American"
���������ܵĽ�����ʽ�ǳ���������

251
00:21:57,423 --> 00:21:59,456
"We never spoke Japanese at home"
�������ڼҴӲ�˵���

252
00:21:59,456 --> 00:22:01,490
"We didn't eat Japanese food"
��Ҳ�����ձ�ʳ�

253
00:22:01,880 --> 00:22:04,180
"And then my grandfather was arrested by the FBI"
��Ȼ���������ֺ�Ȼ�������游��

254
00:22:04,280 --> 00:22:10,340
"as a suspect spy for Japan and along with my grandmother, my uncle, my mother"
��˵���������ձ��������������ĸ�����弰ĸ��Ҳ�ǡ�

255
00:22:10,430 --> 00:22:14,600
"My family has always been discreet about what happend."
������ȫ���˶��������¼�����Ը��̸��

256
00:22:16,000 --> 00:22:19,720
But nothing diminishes the loyalty to America.
���κ��¶��޷��������Ƕ��������ҳ��Ȱ�

257
00:22:19,820 --> 00:22:23,610
6 thousands will serve as translators in the Pacific
����6ǧ�˵���̫ƽ������ķ���

258
00:22:23,700 --> 00:22:28,060
Nearly twenty thousands will sign up the combat to German in Europe
��2�������鵽ŷ�޶Կ��¾�

259
00:22:28,580 --> 00:22:33,180
The rest will be freed after the end of the war.
�����˵�ս���ջ�����

260
00:22:35,520 --> 00:22:39,100
In 1942 America rallies around its flag
1942�����ң���������һ�ְ����ȳ�

261
00:22:39,780 --> 00:22:41,170
Millions of men enlist
���������˴Ӿ�����

262
00:22:41,690 --> 00:22:46,070
or 6 million women go to work to replace them in the arms factory.
6����Ů����������ǽ��������������

263
00:22:51,880 --> 00:22:54,430
Roosevelt sets production targets
��˹����������Ŀ��

264
00:22:54,590 --> 00:22:56,530
at a hundred and twenty-five thousand airplanes
����12��5ǧ�ܷɻ�

265
00:22:56,720 --> 00:23:02,740
seventy-five thousand tanks and ten million tons of ships.
7��5ǧ��̹�˳��Լ�1ǧ��ֵĴ���

266
00:23:02,960 --> 00:23:05,560
This is the "Victory Program"
���ǡ�ʤ���ƻ���

267
00:23:06,060 --> 00:23:10,160
But victory is uncertain and very far off.
��ʤ��������ȷ����ңң����

268
00:23:11,600 --> 00:23:14,740
American opinion is flagging
��������ʿ���ս�����

269
00:23:14,740 --> 00:23:17,880
and exploit is needed to shore it up
��Ҫ��ЩӢ����������������

270
00:23:17,980 --> 00:23:20,670
A daring plan is devised.
��Щ�󵨼ƻ���ʼ����

271
00:23:21,080 --> 00:23:25,990
An aircraft carrier, the USS Hornet, were attempted to get as close to Japan as possible
һ�Һ���ĸ����Ʒ����ͼʻ����ӽ��ձ�֮��

272
00:23:26,240 --> 00:23:29,780
with a squad of 16 B-25 bombers.
������16��B-25��ը��

273
00:23:31,090 --> 00:23:38,060
This is the first time that such a large plane will be taking off from the compact deck of carrier in battle.
�����׶�����ô���͵ķɻ���ս�����Ժ���ĸ���װ����

274
00:23:44,070 --> 00:23:47,060
The air crews are trained by Air Force colonel Jimmy Doolittle
����������Ļ�Ա�ɿվ���У���׶�������ѵ��

275
00:23:47,120 --> 00:23:51,460
once a famous racing pilot. He will command the raid.
������֪���ľ��ٷ���Ա�������δ˴�ͻϮ��ָ�ӹ�

276
00:23:52,930 --> 00:23:55,020
The mission seems impossible
��������һ�������ܵ�����

277
00:23:55,510 --> 00:23:57,020
for the long flight over to Japan.
��Ϊ���ձ��ĺ���̫��

278
00:23:57,310 --> 00:24:00,190
These planes are too heavy in terms of bomb and fuel.
��Щ�ɻ�����ը����ȼ�Ϻ�̫�����طɲ�Զ

279
00:24:09,440 --> 00:24:11,040
But they succeed in taking off.
���ɻ��ɹ����

280
00:24:16,380 --> 00:24:19,380
Their mission will be celebrated in a popular feature film
�������������ĳɵ�Ӱ����

281
00:24:19,470 --> 00:24:23,040
"Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo"
Ƭ�������������Ͽ���ʮ�롱

282
00:24:26,410 --> 00:24:30,170
They drop 16 tons of bombs, cause only a minor damage
����Ͷ��16���ص�ըҩ���ƻ�����

283
00:24:30,280 --> 00:24:35,000
but this is a huge slap in the face for the Empire of rising sun.
���������������۹������ϴ��˴��һ������

284
00:24:38,440 --> 00:24:41,010
Eight raiders went down in Japanese territory
8��ͻ����Ա�����ձ�������

285
00:24:41,010 --> 00:24:43,580
and vengeance was fierce
�ձ��ı����ֶ��൱�ײ�

286
00:24:44,550 --> 00:24:46,220
tried for war crimes
�������ԡ�ս������������

287
00:24:46,560 --> 00:24:51,280
Three were sentenced to death and five received life in prison.
3�˱������̣�5�˱��д�����ͽ��

288
00:24:56,170 --> 00:25:00,570
For the Prime Minister Genernal Tojo and for Admiral Yamamoto
�����ڸ������������Լ�ɽ���Ͻ�����

289
00:25:00,610 --> 00:25:05,570
the American raid proved that it was necessary to extend their defensive perimeter to  the east.
������ͻϮ֤��������Ҫ��չ���ߵķ���

290
00:25:07,080 --> 00:25:09,815
Their plan is to take Midway,
���ǵļƻ���������;��

291
00:25:09,815 --> 00:25:12,550
an American military base in the middle of Pacific.
����������̫ƽ���м�ľ��»���

292
00:25:12,580 --> 00:25:14,820
and then capture Peral Harbor
������ռ�������

293
00:25:14,890 --> 00:25:17,460
as they should have done six months earlier.
���6����ǰ��ô�ɵ�����

294
00:25:18,510 --> 00:25:24,120
What the Japanese do not know is that the American has successfully broken their secret military code
�ձ������������ѳɹ��ƽ����ǵľ�������

295
00:25:24,160 --> 00:25:26,890
and therefore aware of plan.
���֪�����ǵļƻ�

296
00:25:29,330 --> 00:25:33,260
As a result the US Commandering Chief Admiral Chester Nimitz
������������ͳ˧��˹���������Ͻ�

297
00:25:33,290 --> 00:25:35,870
prepare to defend Midway
��Ϊ������;������׼��

298
00:25:35,900 --> 00:25:38,920
He has fewer aircraft carriers than Yamamoto
�����µĺ���ĸ����������ɽ��

299
00:25:38,950 --> 00:25:42,870
but he brings them all over to setup an ambush.
��ȫ�����룬�������

300
00:25:47,050 --> 00:25:49,150
Admiral Yamamoto is on his way
ɽ���Ͻ�������;��

301
00:25:49,350 --> 00:25:53,050
at the head of the biggest armada ever put together.
����ĿԶʤ�����Ĵ��ͽ����д�ͷ��

302
00:25:53,090 --> 00:25:55,030
Two hundred battle ships
һ��������������ս��

303
00:25:55,040 --> 00:25:58,770
and above all an exceptional fleet of 8 aircraft carriers
����Ҫ����ʷ��ǰ����8�Һ���ĸ��

304
00:25:58,800 --> 00:26:02,700
transporting nearly 6 hundred planes.
����6�ټܷɻ�

305
00:26:06,050 --> 00:26:10,280
On board are five thousand Japanese marines
��������5ǧ���ձ�����½ս��

306
00:26:10,320 --> 00:26:16,180
and a painter who's come along to immortalize the battle, Fujita.
����һ�������������и����ô�ս����������

307
00:26:16,290 --> 00:26:20,195
In Paris he was a famous Montparnasse artist
���ڰ���������˹�����ĸ�ʢ����������

308
00:26:20,195 --> 00:26:24,100
He has returned to Japan to do his duty.
�صط���Ϊ��Ч��

309
00:26:26,430 --> 00:26:32,380
On the American side it is the eminent director Jhon Ford who will immortalize the defence of Midway island.
��������֪������Լ�������ƾ�����;������ս��������

310
00:26:33,460 --> 00:26:39,910
On the eve of the battle he recreates the atmosphere of his westerns before the final shoot out
ս��ǰϦ����Ӫ���������������Ƭ����ǹս��ǰһ��

311
00:26:41,050 --> 00:26:44,710
The marines know that the attack is slated for the next day
����½��ս��Ա�������������һ����ս

312
00:26:53,180 --> 00:26:59,180
In the morning Ford films the first Japanese attack which devastated the American base.
�������峿�ĵ��ձ���һ�������ݻ��������Ļ���

313
00:27:05,310 --> 00:27:10,650
The Japanese bomb explodes, are too close to the film makers seriously wounding Ford
һö�վ�ը���ڸ��ظ�����ը��������������

314
00:27:13,500 --> 00:27:16,870
Ford would later recall a marine's saying:
�����º���䣬½ս��Ա˵��һ�仰:

315
00:27:16,900 --> 00:27:19,160
"My God, I ???? that close."
���ҵ����ģ���һ�����湻���ġ�

316
00:27:19,200 --> 00:27:20,810
He would also recall:
����˵:

317
00:27:20,850 --> 00:27:24,910
"Marines with me that were kids from 18 to 22"
��������һ���½��ս��Ա��ֻ��18��22���С���ӡ�

318
00:27:24,940 --> 00:27:28,210
"and they were the calmest people I've ever seen."
�����������Ⱳ�ӿ������侲�����ˡ�

319
00:27:28,250 --> 00:27:32,780
"I figured then was this war practically won"
���ҵ��¾;����ⳡս�����Ǹ����Ѿ�Ӯ�ˡ�

320
00:27:37,480 --> 00:27:41,170
The pilots on board the US aircraft carrier aren't old enough
��������ĸ���ϵķ���ԱҲͬ������

321
00:27:41,200 --> 00:27:43,270
They are barely out of college.
���ŸմӴ�ѧ��ҵ

322
00:27:43,830 --> 00:27:46,490
They pose for Jhon Ford's camera man
���ǰں������ø��ص���Ӱʦ����ӰƬ��

323
00:27:46,490 --> 00:27:49,150
and then take off to attack Japanese fleet.
�漴���ȥ�����ձ�����

324
00:27:55,320 --> 00:27:58,610
Torpedo squad 8 will strike first.
�ڰ����׻��жӸ����ȷ�����

325
00:28:01,210 --> 00:28:04,310
One of its pilots, 25-year-old lieutenant George Gay
����Ա֮һ��25������θ�����ξ

326
00:28:04,380 --> 00:28:07,350
nose down over the Japanese fleet.
����ͷ���¸����ӹ��ձ�����

327
00:28:17,280 --> 00:28:24,180
The anti-aircraft guns on the Japanese aircraft carrier shoot down the American planes one after the other.
�վ�����ĸ���ϵĸ����ڽ���������һ�ܼܻ���

328
00:28:28,340 --> 00:28:32,720
George Gay flies low over the waves. He is shot down.
��������ͷ�ϵͷɣ����ķɻ�������

329
00:28:33,280 --> 00:28:36,600
He surfaces in the water and recklessly unhurt
����ˮ���ظ��س��漣�Ƶ�û������

330
00:28:36,630 --> 00:28:42,590
A few hundred yards away he can see the feverish activity on board the Japanese aircraft carriers
�����õ����ٳ��ⲻԶ���վ�����ĸ���ϵļ���ս��

331
00:28:43,080 --> 00:28:48,060
planes are being fueled and bombs are being loaded in preparation for their second wave of attack.
�ɻ����ڼ��ͣ�װ��ը��Ϊ�ڶ���������׼��

332
00:28:52,040 --> 00:28:57,750
At that very moment another squad of the US bombers flies over the Japanese ships
������һ�̣���һ��������ը���жӷɹ��ձ�����

333
00:28:57,750 --> 00:29:03,410
and incredible stroke of luck they sink four Japanese aircraft carriers.
���ǻ�����4���ձ�����ĸ���������������ŵ�����

334
00:29:05,540 --> 00:29:08,550
George Gay's still in the water, recalls:
������ʱ����ˮ��������:

335
00:29:08,590 --> 00:29:11,650
"I found myself in the middle of Japanese wrecks and the sharks"
���ҷ����Լ������վ������к�������֮�䡱

336
00:29:12,550 --> 00:29:16,050
"I saw the Japanese planes coming back from their first attack on Midway"
���ҿ���һЩ�վ��ɻ��ѴӶ���;����һ�������лغ���

337
00:29:16,190 --> 00:29:20,320
"They were looking for their aricraft carriers the one we had just sank."
������Ѱ�����ǵĺ���ĸ����Ҳ�����ҷ��ջ�������Щ��

338
00:29:21,320 --> 00:29:26,820
"So I saw the Japanese pilots who had by now run out the fuel landing in the water"
�������ҿ����վ�����Ա���ò���ȼ�Ϻľ����Ƚ�ˮ�桱

339
00:29:48,320 --> 00:29:51,610
George Gay will be rescued by an American sea plane
��������������ˮ�Ϸɻ����

340
00:29:51,650 --> 00:29:54,140
He would go on to become an airline pilot.
�պ�����񺽻��ļ�ʻԱ

341
00:29:55,510 --> 00:29:59,940
The US aircraft carrier Yorktown has been damaged by the Japanese
��������ĸ��Լ��������վ��ش�

342
00:30:00,270 --> 00:30:02,270
It tends to its wounds
��Ա�޲�����֮��

343
00:30:03,270 --> 00:30:05,170
counts the number of casualties
�����������

344
00:30:05,670 --> 00:30:07,670
and attempts to return to its base.
��ͼ�غ�������

345
00:30:09,670 --> 00:30:15,080
On the next day it is torpedo by the Japanese submarine I-168
�ڸ��챻�վ�ǱͧI-168�õ����׻���

346
00:30:31,070 --> 00:30:34,420
The American has lost an aircraft carrier
������ʧ��һ�Һ���ĸ��

347
00:30:34,650 --> 00:30:37,450
but Japanese has lost 4.
���վ���ʧ��4��

348
00:30:43,060 --> 00:30:47,370
This is the first Japanese defeat and it boosts the Ally's morale.
�����վ����״δ�ܣ���ͬ�˹���ʿ����һ�����

349
00:30:48,430 --> 00:30:50,630
"It restores their confidence."
�������Ѿ��ָ����ġ��𼪶�˵

350
00:30:50,990 --> 00:30:53,880
But it doesn't seem to awaken Japan.
��ȴ�ƺ�ûʹ�ձ�����

351
00:30:55,080 --> 00:30:57,580
Swated at Midway in the middle of Pacific
�ձ���̫ƽ�����;��ʧ��

352
00:30:57,610 --> 00:31:02,170
continues to advance south towards Australia.
ȴ�����Ͻ������ư���

353
00:31:02,750 --> 00:31:07,660
Darwin, the northern most city in Australia, already bombed by the Japanese
������ǰ�����˵ĳ��У��Ѿ��⵽�վ���ը

354
00:31:08,300 --> 00:31:11,000
is now preparing for invasion
������׼��Ӧ���ձ��������ж�

355
00:31:11,030 --> 00:31:13,530
the country's first war.
����������ҵĵ�һս

356
00:31:23,010 --> 00:31:26,220
The Australian will attempt to counter the Japanese
�����������Ҫ�ֿ��ձ�������

357
00:31:26,350 --> 00:31:28,940
who continue their expansion invading New Guinea
�ձ������������������������¼�����

358
00:31:29,980 --> 00:31:33,030
an enormous island practically impenetrable
����һ���󵺼������Դ�Խ

359
00:31:33,170 --> 00:31:37,020
which until then had mainly attracted explorers
һֱ��ֻ��̽�ռһ���������Ȥ

360
00:31:42,860 --> 00:31:46,420
The Papuans will end up providing precious assistance to the Australians
�Ͳ������ṩ�������൱�����Э��

361
00:31:46,420 --> 00:31:49,150
who will fight desperate war in New Guinea
�������ǶԸ����¼�������ֵĵ���

362
00:31:49,450 --> 00:31:51,450
against mosquitos
�����Կ�����

363
00:31:51,830 --> 00:31:54,310
the red ants
�����

364
00:31:54,940 --> 00:31:57,050
the leeches
ˮ��

365
00:31:58,080 --> 00:32:00,270
the snakes
��

366
00:32:00,670 --> 00:32:03,710
and the attacks from the Japanese.
�Լ��վ��Ĺ���

367
00:32:13,980 --> 00:32:18,260
But it is the island Guadalcanal that now concerns the Americans
���������������ǵ��ǹϴ￨�ɵ�

368
00:32:19,630 --> 00:32:24,820
One of their reconnaissance planes has reviewed that the Japanese has built an airfield on the island
��Ϊ���������վ����ڴ˵���������

369
00:32:25,060 --> 00:32:28,060
another threat to Australia.
�԰��޹�����һ����в

370
00:32:33,080 --> 00:32:37,010
The Americans organized the first big landing of the war
�����������ⳡս�����״εĴ��͵�½�ж�

371
00:32:47,890 --> 00:32:51,260
Initially on the beach the marines do not encounter any resistance
һ��ʼ�ں�̲��½ս�Ӳ�δ����κ�����

372
00:32:52,460 --> 00:32:54,060
and headed in the jungle
�����߽�����

373
00:32:58,010 --> 00:33:01,100
One of them, Edwin Morgan reports:
��Ա֮һ�����¸�����:

374
00:33:01,240 --> 00:33:03,040
"We were getting to know the jungle"
�����ǿ�ʼ�˽����״����

375
00:33:03,070 --> 00:33:05,750
"It was full of suspicious noises that were frightening"
���ɵ������п��������˵����족

376
00:33:06,150 --> 00:33:08,600
"I was afraid."
���Һܺ��¡�

377
00:33:08,600 --> 00:33:11,960
"Then we say to ourself there is no reason for the Japanese to be better than us"
�����Ƕ��Լ�˵���վ���״��һ����������Ǻõ��Ķ�ȥ��

378
00:33:13,080 --> 00:33:18,010
"They all live in city. There are no jungles in Japan."
�����Ƕ���ס�ڳ���ľ������ձ�����û���ȴ����֡�

379
00:33:24,490 --> 00:33:26,885
The marines are professioanls
½ս�����ܹ�ѵ�ľ�Ӣ

380
00:33:26,885 --> 00:33:29,280
and the Japaneses are diehards.
���վ�������һȺ��Ӳ��

381
00:33:29,850 --> 00:33:34,480
The Japaneses are so confident at their superiority that they charge with their bayonets
�վ�������ռ�����ƣ������������ô̵�����

382
00:33:34,870 --> 00:33:40,590
just as in World War I in Verdun against machinegun fire.
����һ�δ�ս�ķ�����һ���Դ̵��Կ�����ǹ����

383
00:33:53,540 --> 00:33:58,800
With the same result as in Verdun, a bloodbath
���Ҳ�뷲�������һ�޳���һ��ԡѪ֮ս

384
00:34:09,070 --> 00:34:12,890
Japanese soldiers are killed in the battle of Tenaru River
�վ�ʿ��ɥ����̩��³��֮��

385
00:34:21,720 --> 00:34:25,130
After that the marines are able to capture the airfield
֮��½��ս�ӹ�ռ�˻���

386
00:34:25,170 --> 00:34:29,860
they secure it and enlarge the runway for the first plane's of airborne marines
�����������������ܵ��Ա������ս�½ս�ӷɻ���½

387
00:34:29,900 --> 00:34:32,700
called "Black Sheep Squadron"
���ǽк����ж�

388
00:34:36,980 --> 00:34:41,550
This airfield becomes the target of incessant shelling by the Japanese
����������Ϊ�վ������ں�Ķ���

389
00:34:41,990 --> 00:34:47,930
At night to their cruisers glide up and down on the coast and pound the bases with such a regularity
ÿ��ҹɫ�����վ�Ѳ�󽢱��沨���������������ڻ�����

390
00:34:47,960 --> 00:34:52,120
that the marines call it the "Tokyo Express".
�ڻ���˹��ɣ�½ս��Ϸ��Ϊ�������ؿ쳵��

391
00:34:55,180 --> 00:34:59,760
A naval battle is engaged to prevent reinforcement from landing
����ս����Ŀ����Ƿ�ֹ�з�Ԯ����½

392
00:34:59,800 --> 00:35:03,290
a Japanese elite regiment get through
����һ֧�վ����þ�Ȼ��Խ��Χ

393
00:35:05,580 --> 00:35:08,500
These Japanese marines are fearsome warriors
��Щ�վ�½ս����������η����ʿ

394
00:35:08,530 --> 00:35:12,480
but they get off to war without any defense against the tropical diseases
������Ͷ��ս��ǰû���κ��ȴ�������Ԥ������

395
00:35:13,230 --> 00:35:15,890
Malaria will kill many of them
���������˽�������ű��

396
00:35:16,820 --> 00:35:20,830
others will sacrifice themselves in keeping the Bushido tradition.
��������Ϊά����ʿ����ͳ������

397
00:35:27,290 --> 00:35:32,330
Their commander colonel Ichiki reminds them of  Samurai motto
ָ�ӹ�һľ��������������ʿ��������:

398
00:35:32,530 --> 00:35:39,230
"Duty is heavy you like a moutain but soldier's death is light like a feather."
����Ϊ���ˣ�ְ������̩ɽ�������ں�ë��

399
00:35:45,230 --> 00:35:48,590
The battle of Guadacanal is only just beginning.
�ϴ￨��֮ս�Ÿտ�ʼ

400
00:35:49,110 --> 00:35:54,150
The fight will last 6 months,  a war of attrition.
����ս�۳���6���£���ȫ�ǳ�����ս

401
00:35:57,590 --> 00:36:02,860
The US marines feel that they're traped in what they call a "Green Hell"
����½ս�Ӿ�������������ν�ġ���ɫ������

402
00:36:05,120 --> 00:36:09,590
They're too all ill. Their wounds become infected.
����ҲΪ�������࣬�˿ڸ�Ⱦ����

403
00:36:09,770 --> 00:36:13,800
But here is only just the beginning of that all deal.
����ֻ���ⳡ�Ͽῼ��Ŀ���

404
00:36:21,330 --> 00:36:25,460
At that moment the Red Army is going through its own ordeal
ͬ����ʱ�̣��������Ҳ�����������Լ���ĥ��

405
00:36:25,930 --> 00:36:30,600
the Russians call it "Black Summer of 1942".
�����˳����ǡ�1942��ĺ�ɫ���족

406
00:36:33,390 --> 00:36:37,880
The Germans have resumed their march eastwards and now taking prisoners again.
�¾������򶫷��н��ֿ�ʼ�����ж�

407
00:36:38,280 --> 00:36:39,570
less than the previous year
������Ѳ���ǰһ��㼤��

408
00:36:39,570 --> 00:36:43,060
however because most of the time the Soviets've already taken off
��Ϊ����֮�������˴��ѴҴ���ȥ

409
00:36:43,100 --> 00:36:46,060
left nothing but scorched earth behind them.
ͽ�����ؽ���

410
00:36:52,470 --> 00:36:57,810
Hitler thinks they are fleeing but it is in fact an order from Stalin.
ϣ������Ϊ�����Ǳ�ͷ��ܣ���ʵ�ⶼ��˹���ֵ�����

411
00:37:00,550 --> 00:37:04,680
Yet for the lancers the soldiers of the Wehrmacht
Ȼ������Щ�¹����������²��ʿ����

412
00:37:04,710 --> 00:37:08,870
are fierce battle has to be waged for every single town.
��ÿһ������������вп������ж�

413
00:37:13,430 --> 00:37:17,240
Major Hawk of the 18th infantry regiment wirites:
��ʮ�˲����ŵ���У�ؿ�д����

414
00:37:17,270 --> 00:37:20,140
"That new recruits are not used to this kind of fighting"
����Щ�±���������Ӧ����ս����ʽ��

415
00:37:20,190 --> 00:37:24,050
"They soon get depressed. They're crazy and struck down."
�����Ǻܿ����־��������ʧ�������е���

416
00:37:24,050 --> 00:37:30,410
"On the 8th of August we lost 35 young men like this out of 50 who were killed in the 6th Company."
��8��8�յ�������ɥ����50���о���35���������������������

417
00:37:42,830 --> 00:37:46,820
Into this cog mire Hitler throws everything he has
ϣ���ռ�����������ȫ��Ͷ���ⳡ������

418
00:37:46,860 --> 00:37:49,700
some ten million men
Ҳ���ǽ���1ǧ�������

419
00:37:49,820 --> 00:37:54,740
He estimates however he still needs 8 hundred thousand more for this decisive campaign
Ȼ�������ƻ���Ҫ�ټ�80����Ͷ���ⳡ�ؼ���ս��

420
00:37:55,710 --> 00:38:00,020
His Romanian, Hungarian and Italian allies will provide the man
�����������ǣ���������������ѻ��ṩ��Щ����

421
00:38:00,130 --> 00:38:03,550
Most of them are forced to go and fight for him.
��Щ�˴��Ǳ��ȼ���Ϊ��ս��

422
00:38:08,140 --> 00:38:12,130
Of Italians forced into the war by Mussolini's megalomania
���������ī��������Դ���������ȼ���ս��

423
00:38:12,160 --> 00:38:14,950
three hundred thousand will be killed.
30���˽��������

424
00:38:21,200 --> 00:38:25,230
Hitler's goal is no longer the Moscow but southern Russia.
ϣ���յ�Ŀ���Ѳ�����Ī˹�ƶ����϶���˹

425
00:38:29,470 --> 00:38:34,790
He is planning a colossal pincer movement that will close up around the oil field in the Caucasus
���ƻ����Ӵ��ǯ�ι��Ʒ����߼�������

426
00:38:35,190 --> 00:38:39,110
and with Rommel advancing through Egypt those in the middle east
�ټ���¡������Խ���������ж�������

427
00:38:40,340 --> 00:38:43,210
His other goal is Stalingrad
������һĿ����˹���ָ���

428
00:38:43,360 --> 00:38:47,220
Stalin's city and its factories
˹���ֵĳ��м��乤��

429
00:38:47,790 --> 00:38:50,510
Hitler launches both offensive at the same time
ϣ�����Ǿ�����������ж�ͬʱ��ʼ����

430
00:38:50,550 --> 00:38:52,980
which alarm military commanders
���¾���ָ�ӹ�Ϊ֮��о���

431
00:38:53,020 --> 00:38:55,340
As he did for Moscow the previous year
������ǰһ�����Ī˹��ʱ�Ĳ���ʽ

432
00:38:55,440 --> 00:38:58,460
Hitler splits up his forces.
ϣ���ս�������ɢ����

433
00:38:59,290 --> 00:39:03,010
A part of the Wehrmacht penetrates deep into the steppes
���ֵ¾��������˹���ԭ

434
00:39:03,050 --> 00:39:04,910
Genernal Von Kleist said:
�����˹�ؽ���˵:

435
00:39:04,940 --> 00:39:10,250
"In front of me no emenies, behind me no reserves."
������ǰ�޵о�������Ԯ����

436
00:39:17,960 --> 00:39:22,340
They reached the Caucasus Mountain. They head for the Iranian border
���ǵִ�߼���ɽ���������ʱ߾�ǰ��

437
00:39:22,380 --> 00:39:27,480
which recently become a supply route for American aid to the USSR.
��Ϊ��������ѳ�������֧Ԯ�������ʵ�ͨ·

438
00:39:27,970 --> 00:39:29,940
They will never reache it.
����������û�ִܵ�˵�

439
00:39:31,870 --> 00:39:33,980
In the meantime the rest of the German forces
ͬһʱ�䣬����ĵ¾�����

440
00:39:34,080 --> 00:39:38,390
the 6th Army lead by Genernal Paulus is marching towards Stalingrad.
��¬˹����������ĵ�����������ʷ���ָ���ǰ��

441
00:39:45,300 --> 00:39:48,660
To try in stop relentless advance the German tanks
Ϊ���赲����ĵ¾�̹��

442
00:39:48,660 --> 00:39:52,020
the Russians start using desperate means
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443
00:39:52,050 --> 00:39:53,720
dogs
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444
00:39:53,720 --> 00:39:57,990
Up till now, the skins of these dogs were used to make boots
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445
00:39:58,590 --> 00:40:01,230
The Russians have hastily put together a method
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446
00:40:01,260 --> 00:40:06,200
based on the work of famous scientist Pavlov and his Conditioned Reflexes
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447
00:40:06,230 --> 00:40:10,450
For dogs are starved and trained to seek their food under a tracked vehicle
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448
00:40:12,420 --> 00:40:15,310
They are strapped with remote control explosives
Ȼ���ڹ����ϰ���ң��ը��

449
00:40:15,340 --> 00:40:21,390
and freed at the last minute when a German tank comes into view.
���¾�̹��һ������Ұ�ڱ�����ǳ�ȥ

450
00:40:26,570 --> 00:40:33,540
In August 1942, Churchill and Harriman, Roosevelt's ambassador
1942��8�� �𼪶��Լ���˹����ǲ�Ĵ�ʹ������

451
00:40:33,580 --> 00:40:36,070
flight to Moscow to meet with Stalin
����Ī˹����˹���ֻ���

452
00:40:36,070 --> 00:40:39,360
who is demanding that the second front be open in the west.
��Ϊ˹����Ҫ�������߽����ڶ�������

453
00:40:40,990 --> 00:40:44,440
Churchill makes his famous V for victory sign
�𼪶��������������ġ�V�֡�ʤ������

454
00:40:44,470 --> 00:40:47,770
But he has no other choice but to admit to Stalin
��������ѡ��ֻ����˹���ֳ���

455
00:40:47,810 --> 00:40:51,570
for the Allies can't help him against the Germans on the eastern front
ͬ�˹��޷��������Կ�����ǰ�ߵĵ¾�

456
00:40:52,240 --> 00:40:56,860
Harriman promises aid and equipment but Stalin is furious
������ͬ���ṩԮ�����豸����˹����������

457
00:40:57,450 --> 00:41:01,670
He knows he will have to fight Hitler alone.
��֪�����ö����Կ�ϣ����

458
00:41:01,700 --> 00:41:05,320
He assign the defensive of Stalingrad to one of his most ruthless henchman
��������˹���ָ��յ�������������Ѫ���ĸ�

459
00:41:05,360 --> 00:41:07,780
Ukrainian, Nikita Khrushchev
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460
00:41:07,810 --> 00:41:12,100
who has been responsible for several Stalin's massacres before the war.
����սǰ����Ϊ˹����ִ�й����δ���ɱ�ж�

461
00:41:12,410 --> 00:41:16,830
Khrushchev conveys Stalin's order "Not to retreat"
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462
00:41:19,990 --> 00:41:25,970
But he is unable to stop the German advance from arriving on the outskirt of Stalingrad
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463
00:41:47,710 --> 00:41:53,310
By September 1942 Paulus reaches the railway line and goes to Moscow.
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464
00:41:53,500 --> 00:41:58,540
He manages to follow it all the way to Stalingrad and take the central station
��ѭ����·����˹���ָ��չ��������վ

465
00:42:19,300 --> 00:42:23,340
The Stukas prepare to destory the city that is the pride of the Soviet Union
˹ͼ����Ҫ�ݻ������Ľ���

466
00:42:23,340 --> 00:42:26,040
The great industrial city in the communist world.
��������������ΰ��Ĺ�ҵ��

467
00:42:26,830 --> 00:42:33,470
Built the cater to the workers with its "Gard ????" and its "Red October" and "Barricade's Factory"
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468
00:42:37,130 --> 00:42:40,540
The German bombs kill thousands of civilians
�¾��ĺ�ըɱ����ǧ���ϰ���

469
00:42:51,450 --> 00:42:55,450
The massive tractor factory with T34 tanks were manufactured
�����Ӵ������������ԭ������T34��̹��

470
00:42:55,490 --> 00:42:57,590
is reduced to a sea of gravel
��ը��һƬ��ʯ����

471
00:43:03,690 --> 00:43:06,740
Yet these ruins become block houses and fortresses
Ȼ����Щ�����պ�ȴ���˵ﱤ��Ҫ��

472
00:43:06,790 --> 00:43:10,280
but the Germans have to capture in hand to hand combat
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473
00:43:10,310 --> 00:43:16,610
They suffer heavy casualties which are however nothing compared to the Russian loses.
��������ش�������������������ʧ������������ʲô

474
00:44:09,490 --> 00:44:11,730
After 4 weeks of dogged fighting
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475
00:44:11,760 --> 00:44:15,580
The German finally get to the top of the only high point in the city
�¾����ڵ�������е�Ψһ�ߵ�

476
00:44:15,610 --> 00:44:17,690
Mamayev Hill
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477
00:44:26,410 --> 00:44:30,190
From there they can control all of Stalingrad
���������ǵ����ƿ�����˹���ָ���

478
00:44:31,340 --> 00:44:36,030
On the 15th of October in 1942 the Germans reach their goal
1942��10��15�գ��¾����ڵִ����ǵ�Ŀ�ĵ�

479
00:44:36,060 --> 00:44:39,530
the great Russian river -- Volga
��ΰ�Ķ���˹���--���ߺ�

480
00:44:42,990 --> 00:44:48,460
Only a thin strip of land is still held by a few Soviet combatants.
ֻʣ�¼���������������ά��սʿ����

481
00:44:49,450 --> 00:44:53,950
Genernal Paulus conformed Hitler the Swastika is flying over the city
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482
00:44:53,990 --> 00:44:57,530
which is now occupied by the Sixth Army.
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483
00:45:07,560 --> 00:45:09,160
Hitler is delighted.
ϣ���ո�����

484
00:45:10,000 --> 00:45:11,200
He gathers all of his associates together
�����������л��

485
00:45:12,000 --> 00:45:17,750
Goering, Goebbels, Himmler and his ???? and he tells them:
�������֣��������ϣķ���Լ����Ŀ��ȳ����,�������ǣ�

486
00:45:18,380 --> 00:45:21,250
"I wanted to take that city, Stalin's city."
������Ҫ�����Ǹ����У�˹���ֵĳ��С�

487
00:45:22,060 --> 00:45:24,060
"It's finally ours"
���������ڳ������ǵĳ��С�

488
00:45:24,290 --> 00:45:29,000
"Boats can no longer sail on the Volga, that's what is most important."
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