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[解说员]在地球上最热的地方， [narrator] In the hottest places on Earth,
自然世界被驱使去做非同寻常的事情 the natural world is pushed to do extraordinary things.
随着地球的升温， As our planet heats up,
即使是最小程度的变化 even the smallest degrees of change
可以带来惊人的不同 can make a staggering difference.
动物表现出了韧性 Animals are showing a resilience
这很难实现... that's hard to dream of...
直到你亲眼看到 until you see it with your own eyes.
[黑猩猩吠叫] [Chimps barking]
即使是我们最亲密的亲戚， Even our closest relatives,
生活在世界上最热的地方， living in the hottest part of their world,
正在做一些以前从未拍摄过的事情 are doing something that's never been filmed before.
[黑猩猩咕哝] [Chimp grunting]
我叫肖恩·坎贝尔·斯塔顿 My name's Shane Campbell-Staton.
我是一名进化生物学家 I'm an evolutionary biologist.
我在这里给你讲电影制作人、科学家的故事， I'm here to tell you stories from filmmakers, scientists,
以及全球各地的当地专家 and local experts across the globe
关于变化的脉搏 about a pulse of change.
整个星球都在变化 The entire planet is shifting.
气候正在以惊人的速度变化 The climate is changing at an incredible
比应该的速度快170倍 170 times faster than it should be.
我们不可能总是看到它 We can't always see it.
我们陷入了自己的困境，你知道吗？ We're so caught up in our own thing, you know?
但这些迹象无处不在 But the signs are everywhere.
整棵生命之树都在对我们窃窃私语 The entire tree of life is whispering to us.
[溅水] [Water splashing]
我们只需要注意 We just have to pay attention.
[打鼾] [Snorting]
在外面，事情并不是你所期望的那样 Out there, things aren't what you expect.
你会看到的 You'll see.
这些黑猩猩是开拓性的类人猿 These chimps are pioneering apes.
它们生活在黑猩猩活动范围内最热的地方 They live at the hottest extreme of any chimpanzee's range.
他们的家越来越热 And their home is getting hotter.
我们和他们在大草原上呆了几个星期 We spent weeks on the savanna with them.
在我们在这个系列中拍摄的所有动物中， And of all the animals we filmed in this series,
它和黑猩猩在一起 it was spending time with the chimps
这真的很突出 that really stood out.
我们爱上了这些家伙， We fell in love with these guys,
就像灵长类动物学家吉尔·普鲁茨22年前所做的那样 just like primatologist Jill Pruetz did 22 years ago.
尽管高温， Despite the intense heat,
她仍然不厌其烦地闲逛 she still never tires of hanging out
和她的丰哥利黑猩猩 with her Fongoli chimps.
[Jill]我还是觉得很开心， [Jill] I still feel really happy, like,
我一看到他们就头晕 giddy when I see them.
总有新鲜事发生 There's always something new going on.
是的，我还是很兴奋 Yeah, I still get a buzz.
当你和黑猩猩在一起时，什么是最突出的 What stands out when you're with the chimps
你知道，它们有生物适应能力吗 is they have, you know, biological adaptations
应对高温 to dealing with heat.
这些黑猩猩有点不同 [Campbell-Staton] These chimps are a bit different
来自他们的森林表亲 from their forest cousins.
它们看起来没有那么多毛 They look less hairy
他们走得更直 and they walk upright more
比非洲其他地方的黑猩猩还要多 than chimps elsewhere in Africa.
你看得越多，感觉就越像 The more you look, the more it feels like
你在看我们进化史的一章 you're watching a chapter of our own evolutionary history.
当我想象早期人类时， [Jill] When I imagine early humans,
这就是我所看到的 this is kind of what I see.
栖息地对我们自身的进化有很大的影响 The habitat had a large influence on our own evolution.
同样类型的压力一定对他们产生了影响 The same types of pressures must have been impacting them.
这种类型的环境非常相似 This type of environment is very similar
我们的第一个两足动物祖先生活的地方 to what our first bipedal ancestors lived in.
[Campbell Staton]与黑猩猩拍摄后 [Campbell-Staton] After filming with the chimps
对于该系列的第一集， for the first episode of the series,
吉尔告诉我们这个故事还有更多 Jill told us there was more to this story.
一种从未被拍摄过的新行为 A new behavior never filmed before.
他们就在这里 They're just here.
我们应该留下来 [Campbell-Staton] And we should stay
看看我们是否可以用遥控相机拍摄 and see if we could film it with remote cameras.
这是其他黑猩猩不会做的行为... It's behavior other chimps don't do...
只有在天气变热的时候才会发生 and it only happens here, when it gets hot.
我的意思是真的很热 I mean really hot.
当它变成像107110， When it gets to be, like, 107, 110,
不管是湿热还是干热： it doesn't matter whether it's a wet heat or a dry heat:
天气很热 it's just hot.
随着旱季水银柱的上升， As the mercury rises in the dry season,
感觉就像黑猩猩正处于崩溃的边缘 it feels like the chimps are at a breaking point.
热应激对妈妈和宝宝的影响最大 The heat stress falls hardest on momma and her baby.
[Jill]有哺乳期婴儿的女性， [Jill] Females that have young infants that are nursing,
他们会有压力的 they're going to be stressed.
你知道，你想离开太阳 You know, you want out of the sun.
高温的压力 [Campbell-Staton] The pressure of the extreme heat
促使这些黑猩猩做出不同寻常的事情 pushes these chimps to do something extraordinary.
其他黑猩猩不会这么做 Other chimps will not do this.
像这样的洞穴，就是捕食者藏身的地方 Caves like this, that's where predators hide out.
他们可能会被困在这里 They could get cornered in here.
他们必须重新连接多年的本能恐惧 They must rewire years of instinctual fear
成为...“室内黑猩猩” to become... "indoor chimps."
我们的远程摄像机在那里捕捉到了它 And our remote cameras were there to capture it.
[黑猩猩咕哝] [Chimps grunting]
妈妈和宝宝终于从正午的阳光下得到了一些喘息的机会 Momma and baby finally get some respite from the midday sun.
她更深入洞穴， She heads even deeper into the cave,
爬进悬挑之外的一个房间 crawling into a chamber beyond the overhang.
[Jill]哺乳期的女性因高温而倍感压力 [Jill] Females that are nursing and really stressed by heat
将在洞穴周围徘徊 will be hanging around the cave.
洞穴总是比较凉爽 The caves are consistently cooler.
当她说酷的时候，她的意思是 [Campbell-Staton] And when she says cooler, she means
比室外凉爽23度，令人吃惊 an astonishing 23 degrees cooler than outside.
[黑猩猩吠叫] [Chimp barking]
每个人都想从这次行动中分一杯羹 And everyone wants a piece of this action.
如果周围有很多黑猩猩， [Jill] If there are a lot of chimps around,
成年雄性实际上会竞争 the adult males will actually compete over
进入洞穴 access to the caves.
现在还早 [Campbell-Staton] It's still early days
开始描述这个洞穴的行为... to start describing this cave behavior...
但这就是我所说的“令人不寒而栗” but this is what I would categorize as "chillaxing."
当下午凉爽下来时， When the afternoon cools off,
是时候返回平原了 it's time to head back to the plains.
这些黑猩猩在前线 These chimps are on the front line
我们的地球正在变暖 of our warming planet.
他们正在经历一个环境 They are experiencing an environment
变化速度是我们祖先的10倍 changing 10 times faster than our ancestors did
500万或600万年前 5 million or 6 million years ago.
更重要的是，现在的变化 What's more, the changes now
发生得比任何时候都快 are happening faster than any other time
在过去的6500万年里 in the past 65 million years.
Jill正在研究这一切意味着什么 Jill's working out what all this means
为了她的丰哥利黑猩猩的未来 for the future of her Fongoli chimps.
看来黑猩猩可能存在 [Jill] It seems like the chimps could exist
直到2080年 up until the year 2080.
[Campbell Staton]在那之后，温度的升高意味着 [Campbell-Staton] After that, the rise in temperature means
可能没有足够的水 there likely won't be enough water.
那时，黑猩猩无法生存 [Jill] At that point, the chimps couldn't survive.
即使是洞穴也无济于事 [Campbell-Staton] Not even the caves would help.
谁知道他们会搬到哪里去呢？ And who knows where they would move to then?
随着地球变暖，包括我们在内的每一种生物-- As our planet warms, every creature--including us--
需要找到新的应对方式 will need to find new ways to cope.
[黑猩猩咕哝] [Chimps grunting]
当我从内盖夫沙漠得到情报时 When I got intel from the Negev Desert
关于一群动物寻找新方法 about a group of animals finding new ways
他们的家被烤得酥脆... to survive their home being baked to a crisp...
我知道我们必须去看看 well, I knew we had to go and see it.
[鸟鸣] [Birds chirping]
在沙漠中，气温上升意味着 Here in the desert, rising temperatures mean
干旱持续时间更长， droughts last longer,
热浪更强烈， heat waves are more intense,
水源正在枯竭， water sources are drying out,
山谷变成了尘土 and valleys are turning to dust.
[鸟鸣] [Bird squawking]
[嗡嗡作响] [Fly buzzing]
这些努比亚野山羊的下一代 The next generation of these Nubian ibex
必须学会在这里谋生的新方法 must learn a new way of making a living here.
它从一只小山羊的一次大攀登开始 It starts with a big climb for a little goat.
通常，母亲会带孩子去山谷 Usually, a mother would take her kid into the valley
找点吃的 to find something to eat.
但在过去的30年里， But in the last 30 years,
内盖夫的一些地区已经失去了2/3的植被 some of the Negev has lost 2/3 of its vegetation.
气温上升了3度 And temperatures have risen by 3 degrees.
所以，这个沙漠的居民... So, the residents of this desert...
别无选择，只能成为移民 have no choice but to become migrants.
这些野山羊正向上...然后离开 These ibex are heading up... and out.
[鸟鸣] [Bird squawking]
当芯片放下时， When the chips are down,
有时你只需要去城市 sometimes you just got to head to the city.
[狗叫] [Dog barking]
像这样的解决方案是通过技术实现的 Settlements like this one are made possible with technology
可以容纳100多万人 that allows over a million people
现在把沙漠称为他们的新家 to now call the desert their new home.
一个被利用的机会...如果你敢的话 An opportunity to be exploited... if you dare.
Ibex被猎杀到濒临灭绝 Ibex were hunted to near extinction
就在几十年前 just a few decades ago.
所以，当你仔细想想的时候， So, when you think about it,
这位母亲必须克服对人类的恐惧 this mom must overcome a fear of humans
代代相传 handed down over generations.
他们很紧张，但时代是绝望的 They're nervous, but times are desperate.
她带着她的孩子走进了一片陌生的绿洲 And she leads her kid on into a strange oasis.
它们停留的时间足以吃饱... They stay long enough to get their fill...
然后迅速返回沙漠的避难所 and quickly return to the sanctuary of the desert.
现在，这个故事有一个转折点 Now, there's a twist to this story.
当你从一个沙漠小镇搬到另一个沙漠城镇时，画面会发生变化 The picture changes as you move from one desert town to another.
在更古老、更大的定居点-- In the older, larger settlements--
那里有更多的人-- where there's more people--
野山羊越来越习惯了 the ibex are becoming more accustomed
我们的人类世界 to our human world.
在这里，野山羊不再偷偷摸摸了 Here, the ibex are no longer sneaking around.
他们拥有这个地方 They're owning this place.
[按喇叭] [Horn honking]
他们从根本上改变了自己的行为... They've changed their behavior so radically...
他们几乎已经搬进来了 they've pretty much moved in.
[狗叫] [Dog barking]
他们似乎已经失去了天生的恐惧， They seem to have lost their innate fear,
他们乐于接受城市生活的所有装饰 and they're happy to adopt all the trappings of city life.
他们现在和当地人一样自在 They're now as much at home here as the locals.
一切都是公平的 Everything is fair game.
[汽车警报响起] [Car alarm sounding]
[大笑] [Laughing]
所以，提醒我不要在这里停车 So, remind me not to park here.
研究人员在这里发现了野山羊 Researchers are finding that ibex here
变得比野山羊更大胆 are becoming bolder than the ibex
在我们参观的第一个定居点 in the first settlement we visited.
他们在城里呆得越多， And the more they stay in town,
它们越是成为孤立的种群， the more they become isolated populations,
变化——甚至在基因水平上 changing--even at the genetic level.
我们知道世界各地的动物 We know that animals all over the world
正在适应城市生活 are adapting to life in the city.
那么，谁知道这会把他们带到哪里呢？ So, who knows where this'll take them?
“极热区”被描述为非常热的地方， "Extreme hot zones" are described as places so hot,
它们几乎不适合居住 they're nearly unlivable.
科学家预测，这些区域将上升 And scientists predict these areas are going to rise
从地球表面的1% from 1% of the Earth's surface
到2070年达到惊人的19% to a staggering 19% by 2070.
如果这将是表面 If this is going to be the surface
占地球近五分之一， of nearly 1/5 of our planet,
我们需要了解这个地方 we need to get to know the place.
我说服了摄像团队 And I persuaded the camera team to seek out
地球上最能适应极端高温的动物之一 one of the most extreme heat-adapted animals on Earth.
很少有生物能在这里生存 Very few creatures can survive here.
中午...其中一个非常突出 And at midday... one stands out.
撒哈拉银蚁 The Saharan silver ant.
它们的银色光泽来自于特殊的毛发 Their silver sheen comes from special hairs
适于反射几乎70%的太阳光线 adapted to reflect almost 70% of the sun's rays.
这些家伙是故意在一天中最热的时候出来的 These guys come out at the hottest time of day--on purpose.
但即使是他们也不能在外面呆太久 But even they can't stay out too long.
它们只有10分钟的时间才能煮熟 They have only 10 minutes before they're cooked.
所以，你们最好行动起来 So, y'all best get a move on.
幸运的是，它们是地球上速度最快的蚂蚁 Lucky for them, they're the fastest ants on Earth.
当每一刻都重要时， When every moment counts,
你不想冒迷路的风险 you don't want to risk getting lost.
因此，它们旋转以与太阳定向 So, they spin to orient with the sun.
他们计算每一步 They count every step
记住地标 and memorize landmarks.
所有这些结合在一起，为它们提供了一种内置GPS It all combines to give them a sort of built-in GPS
这意味着他们可以跑得最快， that means they can take the fastest,
最直接的回家路线 most direct route home.
最后，他们能闻到...午餐 Finally, they can smell... lunch.
一只被烈日炙烤的蝎子 A scorpion roasted by the hot sun.
急需增援部队 Reinforcements are needed urgently.
蚂蚁的颚很有力... The ants' jaws are powerful...
但蝎子的盔甲似乎更坚硬 but the scorpion's armor seems tougher.
要把它带回家，他们需要迅速地把它拆开， To carry it home, they need to pull it apart, and quickly,
或者这顿饭可能是他们最后一顿了 or this meal might be their last.
蝎子比任何一只都重100多倍 The scorpion is over 100 times heavier than any one of them.
但他们终于把它拆散了 But they've finally broken it apart.
团队毒刺回来了 Team stinger makes it back.
但现在地面温度超过140度， But with the ground temperatures now over 140 degrees,
蚂蚁离得很近 the ants are critically close
达到他们的最高体温 to reaching their maximum body temperature.
在这样的高温下，所有的生命都在挣扎 At this heat, all life struggles.
甚至DNA也开始分解 Even DNA starts to break down.
但是蚂蚁有特殊的热休克蛋白 But the ants have special heat shock proteins
为了保护它们的基本生命支持系统， to protect their basic life-support systems,
为他们争取足够的时间回来 buying them just enough time to make it back.
这种类型的极端高温适应 This type of extreme heat adaptation
经过几千年的磨练 has been honed over millennia.
但随着我们的现代世界开始以如此快的速度发生变化， But as our modern world starts to change at such a fast rate,
生命需要以超高速进化才能跟上 life will need to evolve at super-speed to keep up.
我们在南澳大利亚听说了一个令人惊奇的故事 We heard about a surprising story in South Australia.
它给了我们全新的见解 One that's giving us brand-new insights
了解动物对高温的反应速度 into how fast animals can respond to the heat.
它始于一个极端天气事件... It starts with an extreme weather event...
最近炙烤南澳大利亚这一地区的热浪 a recent heat wave that baked this area of South Australia
以一代人以来从未见过的凶猛 with a ferocity not seen for a generation.
我见过的最严重的干旱 [Man] Worst drought I ever seen.
五年半没有下雨 5 1/2 years without a rain.
乡村，呃，非常悲伤 The countryside was, uh, very sad.
水洞周围的鸟都快死了 The birds were dying round the water holes.
袋鼠死在水坑里 Kangaroo dying at the water holes.
那真的非常糟糕 That was really, really bad.
罗杰是这里的社区长者 [Campbell-Staton] Roger is a community elder here.
他告诉我们这些古老的红色树胶树-- He told us these ancient red gum trees--
经受住了无数次干旱-- that had weathered countless droughts--
被烧焦致死 were scorched to death.
[罗杰]我以前从未经历过 [Roger] I never experienced that before.
[Campbell Staton]当内陆地区变得非常干燥时， [Campbell-Staton] When things get really dry in the Outback,
一些土著人求助于一只非常特殊的鸟 some Aboriginal people turn to a very special bird for help.
[鸟鸣] [Birds chirping]
一只小小的斑胸雀 A tiny zebra finch.
这是传奇 It's legendary.
最终的沙漠幸存者， The ultimate desert survivor,
被一些人称为“大姐大” known to some as "big sister."
他们引导人们 [Roger] They guide people
在艰难时期寻找水源 through the hard times to find water.
姐姐也很特别 [Campbell-Staton] Big sister is also very special
给Mylene Mariette to Mylene Mariette.
她是一位环境科学家 She's an environmental scientist who has spent
在这些鸟之后的最后15年 the last 15 years following these birds.
调查他们在干旱时期的神秘力量 Investigating their mythical powers in times of drought.
我听到了这个故事，然后 [Mylene] I heard the story, and then I got to
亲身体验 experience it myself.
雀鸟是向导 [Campbell-Staton] The finches are a guide
可以把人们引到水里 that can lead people to water.
一点一点地跟着那只鸟， [Mylene] Just follow the bird little by little,
你知道，穿过小溪 you know, through the creek.
那些鸟对我来说真的很神奇 Those birds were really quite amazing to me.
所以，我真的发现了一个新世界 So, I was just really discovering a new world.
[鸟鸣] [Birds chirping]
斑马雀可以旅行 [Campbell-Staton] Zebra finches can travel
距离水坑很远 vast distances to water holes.
在极端情况下，它们甚至可以分解自己的身体脂肪 In extremes, they can even break down their own body fat
以避免脱水 to avoid dehydrating.
他们互相帮助寻找水源 They help each other find water
聚集在密泉中，像这样喧闹 and gather in noisy flocks at secret springs, like this.
跟在大姐后面的是其他动物 And following big sister comes all the other animals.
[鸟鸣] [Birds chirping]
包括大姐的“小姐姐”！ Including big sister's "little sister"!
你可以看到姐姐的 You can see the big sister's
那里的小妹妹emu little sister there--the emu.
这只雄性emu带来了他的幼崽 [Campbell-Staton] This male emu has brought his youngsters
下来喝一杯 down for a drink.
那么，脖子一英尺长的你是怎么喝酒的？ So, how do you drink with a foot-long neck?
好吧，看看他们的独家技术 Well, check out their scoop technique.
他们在干旱时期找水的能力 Their ability to find water during times of drought
给了这只小鸟巨大的地位 has given this tiny bird huge status
这里既有人，也有野生动物 with both the people and the wildlife here.
对Mylene来说，还有其他的东西 And for Mylene, there is something else.
她发现了这些鸟的真相 She is finding out that the truth about these birds
比传说更令人印象深刻 is even more impressive than the legend.
她想知道为什么是姐姐 She wanted to know why big sister
不仅找到了水，而且还活了下来 was not only finding water, but also surviving
这场毁灭性的干旱比其他干旱要好 the devastating drought better than others.
斑马雀实际上是为数不多的几种 [Mylene] The zebra finch are actually one of the few species
还是设法活了下来 that still somehow managed to survive
当其他一切都在消亡的时候 when everything else was dying.
雀鸟似乎有一种特殊的力量 [Campbell-Staton] The finches seemed to have a special power
以应对无情的高温 to cope with the unforgiving heat.
为了了解发生了什么， To find out what was going on,
Mylene用巢箱建立了一个研究基地... Mylene set up a study site with nest boxes...
从那时起，我开始研究他们的交流 [Mylene] That's when I started looking at their communication.
窃听私生活 [Campbell-Staton] eavesdropping on the private lives
这些小鸟 of these tiny birds.
他们，你知道，互相交谈 [Mylene] They, you know, talk to each other.
他们有不同种类的电话 They have different sorts of calls.
[微弱的啁啾声] [Faint chirping]
这些电话听起来可能不多 [Campbell-Staton] Those calls might not sound like much
对你和我来说，但Mylene拥有一切... to you and me, but Mylene has what it takes...
哦，实际上我的耳朵很好 Oh, I have very good ears, actually.
哈哈哈！ Ha ha ha!
[Campbell Staton]她已经听了这么长时间了， [Campbell-Staton] and she's been listening in for so long,
她几乎能流利地说芬奇语 she's practically fluent in finch.
我喜欢的是， [Mylene] What I like about it is,
他们把他们所有的秘密都告诉了我们 they tell us all of their secrets.
[Campbell Staton]然后在一个炎热的日子， [Campbell-Staton] Then one hot day,
随着水银柱上升到三位数... with the mercury pushing triple digits...
我只是听着鸟儿的叫声看着它们， [Mylene] I was just listening to the birds and watching them,
它们在孵化过程中轮流孵化 and they were taking turns during incubation.
雄雀飞走了， [Campbell-Staton] the male finch flew off,
把雌性留在自己的窝里， leaving the female on her nest,
Mylene注意到一个微弱的叫声... and Mylene noticed a very faint call...
[微弱、快速的鸣叫] [Faint, rapid chirping]
一个她从未听说过的电话 a call she had never heard before.
一些非常不寻常的电话 [Mylene] Some very unusual calls.
Ch-Ch-Ch-Ch-Ch Ch-ch-ch-ch-ch-ch-ch-ch.
[微弱、快速的鸣叫声仍在继续] [Faint, rapid chirping continues]
听起来真的像蟋蟀，实际上， Really sounds like crickets, actually,
所以它非常高音，非常快 so it's really high-pitched, really fast.
[微弱、快速的鸣叫声仍在继续] [Faint, rapid chirping continues]
那天天气很热，就在那时我意识到， It was quite hot on that day, and that's when I realized,
“哦，也许这和热有关 ” "Oh, maybe it's related to heat."
就在那时，Mylene [Campbell-Staton] And that was when Mylene made the kind of
导致科学突破的精神飞跃 mental leap that leads to a scientific breakthrough.
她以为母亲在说话 She had the notion that the mother was talking
给她未孵化的小鸡 to her unhatched chicks.
我决定把那些电话打给鸡蛋 [Mylene] I decided to play those calls to the egg
看看他们是否在听 and see if they listen.
她用两个保温箱做了一个实验 [Campbell-Staton] She set up an experiment with two incubators.
[Mylene]在一个培养箱中， [Mylene] In one incubator,
胚胎听到了高温的呼唤... the embryos were hearing the heat calls...
[微弱、快速的鸣叫] [Faint, rapid chirping]
父母在热的时候做的 that the parents make when it's hot.
[啁啾] [Chirping]
另一组比赛 [Campbell-Staton] The other group were played
一组正常的联系电话 a set of normal contact calls.
[啁啾声继续] [Chirping continues]
这两组鸡蛋之间唯一的区别 [Mylene] The only difference between the two groups of eggs
是他们听到的声音 was the sound that they heard.
然后她坐下来等待 [Campbell-Staton] And then she sits back and waits.
[外壳破裂] [Shells cracking]
随着幼崽的成长， As her young hatchlings grow,
她测量了它们，并记录了一些不可思议的事情 she measures them and records something incredible.
在蛋里播放热歌的小鸡 The chicks that were played the heat song in the egg
正在以不同的方式发展 are developing differently.
[Mylene]只要暴露在环境中24小时， [Mylene] Just being exposed to the environment for 24 hours,
他们已经开始出现分歧 they already started to diverge.
到它们12天大的时候， And then by the time they are 12 days old,
我们可以看到他们的成长有很大的不同 we can see a big difference in their growth.
这个人听到了热歌， This one has heard the heat song,
所以他比另一个小一点， so he's a bit smaller than the other one,
没有听到热歌，所以他只是变大了 which didn't hear the heat song, and so he's just grown bigger.
事实证明 [Campbell-Staton] It turns out that those
听到热的呼唤 that hear the heat call
体型较小，更有可能存活下来 are smaller and are more likely to survive.
[Mylene]当天气热的时候，它们实际上产生的能量更少 [Mylene] When it's hot, they actually produce less energy.
如果你产生的热量较少， If you produce less heat,
那么你可以用更少的食物长得更好 then you can grow better with less food.
他们更善于长时间应对高温 They are better at coping with the heat for longer
以及更高的温度 and to higher temperatures.
Mylene告诉我刚出生的孩子都变了 [Campbell-Staton] Mylene tells me the hatchlings have changed
在细胞水平上... at the cellular level...
实时改变他们的身体 changing their bodies in real time
在生物学上更适合他们的环境... to become more biologically suited to their environment...
[微弱、快速的鸣叫] [Faint, rapid chirping]
一切都源于一首歌这样简单的东西 all from something as simple as a song.
这是多么不可思议，我怎么说都不为过 I can't overstate how incredible this is.
这意味着这一代人将有更大的机会 It means this generation will have a greater chance
度过一个炎热的夏天 of surviving a hotter summer.
就好像他们在发出警告 It's like they're sending a warning
对他们未出生的后代说， to their unborn offspring, saying,
“这里可能很艰苦，所以要做好准备 ” "It might be rough out here, so prepare yourself."
这不是一个新的行为，但这是一个新发现 It's not a new behavior, but it is a new discovery
关于大自然恢复力的潜力 about the potential of nature's resilience.
这表明动物有其他方式 [Mylene] It shows that animals have other ways
我们仍然不知道如何适应气候变化， that we still don't know about to adjust to climate change,
所以它确实给了我们一点希望 so it does give us a little bit of hope.
这表明大自然有改变的能力 [Campbell-Staton] It shows that nature has abilities to change
不仅仅是数千年前， not just over thousands of years,
但是在一代人中 but in a single generation.
[啁啾] [Chirping]
我的意思是，这很酷 I mean, that's pretty cool.
我们学到的是，在极端情况下， What we're learning is, at the extremes,
大自然被推向了极限... nature gets pushed to the limit...
再也没有极端的沙漠了... and there's no more extreme desert...
而不是戈壁 than the Gobi.
在这里，温度可能会发生变化 Here, temperatures can flip
在一天内几乎上升了60度 by almost 60 degrees in a single day.
我们派了一个工作人员来这里查看一个极端进化的故事 We sent a crew here to check out a story of extreme evolution
为了在边缘生存... to survive life on the edge...
它会扩大规模 and it scales things up
从小鸟到大型哺乳动物 from a small bird to a large mammal.
这种生物的生存技能堪称传奇， This creature's survival skills are legendary,
尤其是因为这种动物的活动范围包括... not least because this animal's range includes...
[爆炸] [Exploding]
核试验场 a nuclear test site.
没有人知道戈壁上的野骆驼 No one quite knows how the wild camels of the Gobi
在辐射影响下幸存下来 survived the radiation effects
25年的核爆炸... from 25 years of nuclear explosions...
但还有一个更根本的生存问题 but there's a more fundamental survival issue.
他们怎么能生活在这样一个地方，一年中的大部分时间， How can they live in a place where, for much of the year,
几乎没有淡水可喝？我指的是任何地方！ there's almost no fresh water to drink? I mean anywhere!
如果我们要理解这一点，那么首先，我们需要找到 If we are to understand this, then first, we need to find
原子骆驼， the atomic camels,
你不会相信他们家的大小 and you won't believe the size of their home.
这是一个很大的区域 [Man] This is a big area.
野骆驼分布区 The wild camel's distribution area
面积45000平方公里 is 45,000 square kilometres.
[Campbell Staton]因此超过17000平方英里 [Campbell-Staton] So over 17,000 square miles.
这是新泽西州的两倍大， That's twice the size of the State of New Jersey,
我住的地方 where I live.
我们已经和一个人合作了 We've teamed up with the one man
他声称可以找到他们 who claims he can track them down.
哈哈哈！ [Man] Ha ha ha!
人们说：“哦，这个生物学家， People say, "Oh, this biologist guy,
他在说什么？“ what's he talking about?"
哈哈哈！ Ha ha ha!
〔Campbell Staton〕Adiya Yadamsuren [Campbell-Staton] Adiya Yadamsuren
是我们唯一的希望 is our only hope.
哈哈！对 Ha ha! Yes.
他是所有野生骆驼方面的专家 [Campbell-Staton] He's an expert in all things wild camel.
整个事情将归结为他的追踪技能， The whole thing is going to come down to his tracking skills,
所以没有压力，阿迪亚 so no pressure, Adiya.
嗯 Hmm.
好的，那我们从哪里开始呢？ [Campbell-Staton] OK, so where do we start?
[阿迪亚]我会尽量顺着轨道走 [Adiya] I will try to follow the tracks.
很难找到它们 It's very difficult to find them.
他们只剩下不到1000人了 [Campbell-Staton] There are less than 1,000 of them left
在整个戈壁 in the whole of the Gobi.
这就像大海捞针， It's like trying to find a needle in a haystack,
但阿迪亚正试图得到一些确凿的事实 but Adiya is trying to get some hard facts.
[鸟鸣] [Birds chirping]
好的 这很好，因为这里有新鲜的粪便 OK. It's good because there's fresh scat here.
这是新鲜的骆驼粪便 This is quite fresh camel scat.
它对我来说非常重要，就像金子一样 It's very important for me, like gold.
现在，你知道动物很稀有 [Campbell-Staton] Now, you know an animal is rare
当一点大便或头发变成金色时 when a bit of poop or hair becomes like gold.
阿迪亚会接受任何线索，他可以离开这里 Adiya will take any clue he can get out here
了解更多关于骆驼的信息 to learn more about the camels.
用这些样本，他将提取野骆驼的DNA， With these samples, he'll extract the wild camels' DNA,
帮助他了解外面有多少动物， helping him understand how many animals are out there,
也许可以告诉他更多关于他们独特的适应 maybe tell him more about their unique adaptations.
当踪迹变冷时， When the trail goes cold,
是时候了解一些当地的知识了 it's time to tap into some local knowledge.
[阿迪亚说母语] [Adiya speaking native language]
阿迪亚没有得到多少情报 [Campbell-Staton] Adiya's not getting much intel
不过在骆驼上 on the camels, though.
他在学习这些牧民 He's learning these herders
他们更担心自己的生存 are more worried about their own survival.
Tsog Erdene看到了形势的变化 Tsog Erdene has seen the landscape changing.
[阿迪亚]雨很少，一切都在变干 [Adiya] Very less rain, and everything is drying.
蒙古是一个处于前线的国家 [Campbell-Staton] Mongolia is a country on the front lines
我们不断变化的气候 of our changing climate.
60、50年前有很多草 [Adiya] There was lots of grass 60, 50 years ago
因为当时雨下得很好， because that time was good raining, good precipitation,
但现在这里完全干燥，植被非常少 but now it's completely dry, very less vegetation.
它正在彻底改变环境 It is completely changing the environment.
这意味着对牲畜的巨大影响 It mean big impact for livestock.
他非常担心气候变化 He's very worried about climate change.
灾难性干旱 [Campbell-Staton] Catastrophic droughts
以及过去15年中发生的戏剧性天气事件 and dramatic weather events in the last 15 years
对这里的动物和人类产生了不利影响 have adversely affected the animals and people here.
[山羊叫声] [Goats bleating]
[骆驼咕哝] [Camel grunting]
对许多人来说，与不可预测的因素作斗争 For many, battling the unpredictable elements
变得太过分了 is becoming too much.
[山羊叫声] [Goats bleating]
这导致大批人逃离干燥的大草原 It's leading to a mass exodus from the dry steppes.
在30年里，20%的蒙古人 In 30 years, 20% of Mongolians
已经离开了他们的传统土地 have left their traditional lands.
[骆驼吼叫] [Camel bellowing]
[山羊叫声] [Goats bleating]
[Campbell Staton]蒙古经历了一些 [Campbell-Staton] Mongolia has experienced some of
世界上最剧烈的气候变化 the most dramatic climate shifts anywhere in the world.
这片严酷的沙漠给生活带来了更大的压力... This harsh desert is putting even more pressure on life...
然而不知怎么的，那些难以捉摸的野骆驼 and yet somehow, the elusive wild camels
已经找到了一条生存之路 have found a way to get by.
经过几天的搜寻，阿迪亚终于找到了回报 After days of searching, Adiya finally hits pay dirt.
是的 我们这里有一个 [Adiya] Yeah. We got one over here.
阿迪亚跟在骆驼后面， [Campbell-Staton] Adiya follows the camel,
径直走向风景中的白色伤痕 making a beeline for white scars in the landscape.
这些地方是为数不多的有水的地方之一 These patches are one of the few places where there's water.
哇！太咸了 Wow! Too salty.
[Spits] [Spits]
他比我强！ [Campbell-Staton] Better him than me!
这才是真正的关键 And here is the real kicker.
这比海水还咸 This is more salty than sea water.
只有野骆驼喝 Only the wild camels drink it.
任何其他动物喝了它都会死 Any other animals drink it would die.
你能想象必须喝水吗 [Campbell-Staton] Can you imagine having to drink water
比海还咸？ that's saltier than the sea?
令人难以置信的是，这些骆驼进化成了这样 Incredibly, these camels have evolved to do just that.
[嗡嗡作响] [Fly buzzing]
阿迪亚告诉我们这里曾经有40个水洞 Adiya tells us there were once 40 water holes here.
现在随着气候变化，几乎有一半， Now with climate change, there's nearly half that,
剩下的越来越咸了 and the ones left are getting even saltier.
他们可以喝8倍盐的水 They can drink water 8 times saltier
比其他动物所能承受的还要多 than other animals can withstand.
她环顾四周，又喝酒了 She's looking around and drinking again.
骆驼喝了很长时间... [Campbell-Staton] The camels drink for a long time...
[阿迪亚]这需要一两个小时 [Adiya] It takes one or two hours.
坎贝尔·斯塔顿（Campbell Staton）吞下了惊人数量的水 [Campbell-Staton] gulping down an astounding amount of water.
是的，40，50升 [Adiya] Yeah, 40, 50 liters.
[Campbell Staton]一次性使用10加仑 [Campbell-Staton] That's 10 gallons in one go.
快喝这个 Drinking this quickly
会杀死大多数其他哺乳动物， would kill most other mammals,
但它们的红细胞可以膨胀到两倍以上 but their red blood cells can swell to more than twice
它们的规则尺寸而不会爆裂， their regular size without bursting,
让野骆驼快速补充水分... allowing the wild camels to rapidly rehydrate...
原子骆驼的秘密 so the secret to the atomic camels
是他们的血液 is in their blood.
你能想象吗？这真是个神奇的生物 [Adiya] Can you imagine that? That's amazing creature.
这太神奇了 [Campbell-Staton] It is amazing.
有时生活可以找到克服的方法 Sometimes life can find a way to overcome
看似不可能的挑战... seemingly impossible challenges...
本来应该 and that should have been
故事的结尾... the end of the story...
直到阿迪亚发现另一头骆驼 until Adiya spots another camel.
喝完酒后，她就直接回去了 After drinking her fill, she's heading straight back
以特别的决心穿越沙漠 across the desert with a particular determination
这让阿迪亚认为她可能还有另一个秘密要揭露 that makes Adiya think she may have another secret to reveal.
她向北走了40英里... For 40 miles, she heads north...
接下来会发生什么 and what happens next is something
我们的队伍做梦也没想到会赢 our team never dreamed of capturing.
这是第一次新生的野骆驼... This is the first time a newborn wild camel...
[骆驼吼叫] [Camel bellowing]
曾经在这里拍摄过 has ever been filmed here.
这很特别，很独特 [Adiya] That's very special, very unique.
当我看到这些的时候，我无法想象 I can't imagine that when I see that.
这就是阿迪亚的全部 [Campbell-Staton] This is what it's all about for Adiya.
她的下一代，新生的小牛 [Adiya] Her next generation, new calf.
[Campbell Staton]对于这种极度濒危的物种， [Campbell-Staton] For this critically endangered species,
每一个新生命都是特别的 every new life is special.
[Adiya]这对我们来说是一个巨大的鼓舞 [Adiya] That's the big boost for us
保护野生骆驼，保护野生骆驼 to conserve the wild camel, the protection of wild camel.
[Campbell Staton]通过走向我们世界的极端高温， [Campbell-Staton] By heading to the heat extremes of our world,
我们与向我们展示的动物面对面 we've come face to face with animals that are showing us
他们可以处理向他们抛出的变化 they can deal with the changes being thrown at them
比我们想象的要好 better than we thought.
它有力地提醒人们大自然的韧性， It's a powerful reminder of the resilience of nature,
但无论我们走到哪里，我们都看到沙漠在生长 but everywhere we go, we're seeing that deserts are growing.
预测目前估计近3000万英亩 Predictions currently estimate nearly 30 million acres
的生产性土地因干旱而丧失 of productive land are lost to droughts
以及每年的荒漠化 and desertification every year.
没有什么地方比这里感觉更强烈了， Nowhere is that more intensely felt than here,
回到撒哈拉沙漠 back in the Sahara.
这是世界上最大的沙漠之一... It's one of the largest deserts in the world...
它正在移动 and it's on the move.
已经和美国一样大了，而且还在增长， Already the size of the USA, it's been growing,
每年推进2900平方英里 advancing 2,900 square miles a year.
即使是银蚂蚁也很艰难， Even the silver ants have a hard time,
轮流从流沙中挖掘他们的家园 taking turns to excavate their home from the shifting sands.
在这里，生存就是守住沙漠 Out here, survival is about holding back the desert.
在摩洛哥南部，我们参观了一个地方 In the south of Morocco, we visited a place
这正面临着气候变化的全面冲击 that's facing the full brunt of our changing climate.
这是阿玛利塔 This is Amali Tower.
当你和她交谈时，你会得到一辈子的经验 When you talk to her, you get a lifetime's experience
不是动物的韧性，而是人的韧性 about the resilience not of animals, but of people
在过热的世界中生存 surviving in an overheating world.
她在过去的15年里一直在记录 She's spent the last 15 years documenting
近20个国家日益严重的难民危机 a growing refugee crisis in almost 20 countries.
沙漠被占领了 [Amali] The desert's taken over.
你要么看到这样的废墟，因为它具有历史意义 You either see ruins like this because it's historical
或者因为这是一个战区 or because it's a war zone.
我从来没有见过这样的事 I have never seen anything like this
由于气候影响 because of climate impacts.
这曾经是，现在仍然是某人的家 This was and still is someone's home.
今天，这是一座鬼城 Today, it's a ghost town.
我们都能看到沙漠的侵蚀和入侵 We can all see the desert encroaching and intruding.
你看到了，你感觉到了 You see it. You feel it.
你甚至尝一尝 我的牙齿里有沙子 You even taste it. There's sand in my teeth.
这是发自内心的，也是最前线的 This is as visceral and as front-line as it gets
在气候变化方面 in terms of climate change.
我几乎无法保持对话 I can barely keep a conversation going.
这里面是怎么存在的？ How does one exist in this?
有几个家庭仍然在这里 There are a handful of families that are still here
因为他们不想离开 because they don't want to leave.
就像salamu alaikum As-salamu alaikum.
萨拉姆 [Man] Salam.
Amali与Lagnaoui Belaid会谈， [Campbell-Staton] Amali talks with Lagnaoui Belaaid,
谁生活在这场危机的前线 who's living on the front line of this crisis.
[拉格纳乌伊说母语] [Lagnaoui speaking native language]
【刮风】 [Wind blowing]
博拉德·舒克兰 [Amali] Bolaid shukran.
[说母语] [Speaking native language]
剩下的少数人告诉了我们 [Amali] The few people that remain have told us
住在这里是多么不可能啊 how impossible it is to live here
战斗是多么的不可能 and how impossible it was to fight.
人们放弃了 People gave up.
他们放弃了，他们永久地离开了 They gave up, and they left permanently.
[Campbell Staton]气候危机是一场移民危机 [Campbell-Staton] The climate crisis is a migration crisis.
[Amali]仅去年一年，人数就增加了三倍多 [Amali] Last year alone, more than 3 times as many people
因天气相关事件而流离失所 were displaced by weather-related events
而不是冲突或暴力 than conflict or violence.
今天90%的难民 [Campbell-Staton] 90% of the refugees today
来自气候脆弱的国家 come from climate-vulnerable countries.
这是现在正在发生的事情 This is something that is happening now.
[Amali]气候变化正在侵蚀挂毯 [Amali] Climate change is eroding the tapestry
在整个人口中 of an entire population.
这是文化损失-- This is cultural loss--
【刮风】 [Wind blowing]
丢失的口述历史， that oral history that's lost,
没有传承的本土知识 the indigenous knowledge that's not passed on.
文化知识 [Campbell-Staton] And it's that cultural knowledge
Amali认为这就是答案 that Amali thinks is the answer.
她相信人民有秘密 She believes the people have a secret.
[Amali]世界各地的人口 [Amali] Around the world, populations have lived
数千年 for thousands of years
在地球上一些最恶劣的气候中 in some of the harshest climates on the planet.
他们拥有历史和本土知识 They have historical, indigenous knowledge.
这些知识包含解决方案 That knowledge contains solutions.
阿玛利想让我们见面 [Campbell-Staton] Amali wanted us to meet
摩洛哥人民正在利用大自然的智慧， the people of Morocco, who are using the wisdom from nature,
他们的祖父母传下来，进行反击 passed down by their grandparents, to fight back.
一次一棵棕榈树， One palm tree at a time,
他们开始控制沙漠 they're starting to hold back the desert.
[说母语] [Speaking native language]
Lahcen Oubana的祖父母 [Campbell-Staton] Lahcen Oubana's grandparents
利用地下水培育小绿洲 harnessed underground water to nurture a small oasis
进入你现在看到的... into what you see now...
他们学到的东西在今天也同样重要-- and what they learned is just as important today--
种植棕榈树有助于防沙 planting palm trees helps keep the sand at bay
绿洲生机勃勃 and the oasis alive.
[讲拉岑语的母语] [Lahcen speaking native language]
[Campbell Staton]一旦建立， [Campbell-Staton] Once established,
像这样的椰枣可以遮荫，防止蒸发 date palms like this create shade and stop evaporation.
[讲拉岑语的母语] [Lahcen speaking native language]
他们甚至把地下水位吸上来， [Campbell-Staton] They even suck the water table up,
有利于其他作物 benefiting other crops.
植被结合在一起形成了一个小气候 The vegetation combines to create a microclimate
让整个绿洲变冷 that cools the whole oasis.
这是一种良性循环 It's a kind of virtuous circle.
最重要的是，它们形成了沙漠风的屏障， Most importantly, they form a barrier to the desert wind,
防止土壤侵蚀和荒漠化 preventing soil erosion and desertification.
[Amali]这些树可以成为自我维持的来源 [Amali] These trees can become a self-sustaining source
这一人群的食物、收入、生计和身份 of food, income, livelihood, identity for this population
那就是失去所有这些东西 that is losing all of those things.
这意味着这养活了一个家庭 That means that that feeds a family.
这支撑着一个社区 That sustains a community.
这提供了生计， That provides a livelihood,
这可以对抗气候变化的因素 and that fights back the elements of climate change.
[鸟鸣] [Birds chirping]
我首先意识到的一件事是，你能听到鸟的叫声 One of the first things I realized is, you hear birds.
你看到蝴蝶了 你看到野生动物 You see butterflies. You see wildlife.
[蜜蜂嗡嗡作响] [Bees buzzing]
[讲拉岑语的母语] [Lahcen speaking native language]
[Campbell Staton]在我们的星球上， [Campbell-Staton] Across our planet,
大自然正在为沙漠化提供解决方案 nature is providing solutions to desertification.
在撒哈拉的南部边缘， On the southern edge of the Sahara,
11个国家正在从事一项庞大的事业 11 countries are engaged in a mammoth undertaking.
他们的目标是建立一个 Their aim is to build an expansive
从吉布提到塞内加尔的5000英里长的绿色长城 5,000-mile-long great green wall from Djibouti to Senegal.
18%的墙已经完成， 18% of the wall is already complete,
已经恢复了4900多万英亩的土地 with over 49 million acres of land already restored.
这真的只是一个非常美丽的故事 It's really just an incredibly beautiful story
恢复力和适应能力 of resilience and adaptation.
我们有一个选择在这里肯定侵占沙漠... We have a choice over here of sure encroaching desert...
我们可以在这里选择一个青翠的农场 and we have a choice over here of a verdant farm.
利用本地解决方案和本地知识， With local solutions, with indigenous knowledge,
有韧性，有创新， with resilience, with innovation,
我们可以反击 we can fight back.
热量对这个星球的影响 [Campbell-Staton] The effects of heat on this planet
越来越多地成为我们生活的一部分 are increasingly part of all our lives.
我们需要恢复大自然的力量来控制沙漠 We need to reclaim nature's power to hold back the desert.
下次，冰... Next time, ice...
大自然在移动... where nature is on the move...
向我们展示我们自己看不到的变化 showing us changes we can't see on our own.
订购《进化地球》DVD To order Evolution Earth on DVD.
访问shoppbs.org或致电1800 Play PBS Visit shoppbs.org or call 1 800 Play PBS.
该节目也可在亚马逊Prime Video上观看 This program is also available on Amazon Prime Video.