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Hello, nice to meet you and

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welcome back to our lecture.

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Last time, we talked about

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an important need intensively,

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and it is the need for power.

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If we associate this need with other needs,

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we may discover that the correlation

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between the needs are quite interesting.

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Read the tenth paragraph,

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and try to find out the

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answer to the question:

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What is the counterforce to power?

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Yes, it is freedom.

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Freedom is an essential need for everyone.

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For centuries, countless people

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pursue freedom despite the sacrifice

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of wealth, love or even their lives.

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No wonder Sandor Petofi voices

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such a classic poem: Life is valuable

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love costs more/for the sake of freedom/

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we give up both.

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《逍遥游》是《庄子》的首篇

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在思想上和艺术上

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都可作为《庄子》一书的代表

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《逍遥游》的主题是追求

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一种绝对自由的人生观

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作者认为 只有忘却物我的界限

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达到无己 无功 无名的境界 

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无所依凭而游于无穷

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才是真正的 逍遥游

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文章先是通过大鹏与蜩 学鸠

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等小动物的对比

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阐述了小与大的区别 

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在此基础上作者指出

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无论是不善飞翔的蜩与学鸠

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还是能借风力飞到九万里高空的大鹏

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甚至是可以御风而行的列子

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它们都是 有所待 而不自由的 

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从而引出并阐述了

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至人无己 神人无功 圣人无名 的道理

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The first immigrants who took the

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"May Flower" to sail to and land on

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the New Continent were driven by,

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though among many motivations,

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above all the seek for freedom.

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And since then, the pursuit of freedom

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was deeply rooted in the spirit of America.

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Millions of movie fans are fascinated

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by one film: The Shawshank Redemption.

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And the impressive theme of it is

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the undying hope for freedom.

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Freedom, inevitable as power,

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is often in conflict with power.

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That is, Freedom which is another

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basic need, often clashes with power.

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For example, power may restrict

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or limit people's freedom or even deprives them 

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of the freedom to do certain things.

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It seems that there has to be a counterforce

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to power; unbridled power would be destructive

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to the survival of the species.

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Counterforce: a contrary

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or opposing force 

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Unbridled: is an adj. 

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esp.used as an attributive.

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It denotes the meaning of: not controlled,

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not checked and too extreme or violent.

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e.g. He often speaks with an unbridled tongue.

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Unbridled power indicates the abuse of power.

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The author intends to convey the idea that:

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It seems necessary to have an opposing force

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to restrict power so as to prevent abuse/misuse.

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Power without control and supervision would

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threaten the life of the species on earth.

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For example, as Rachel Carson points out

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in The Silent Spring, man's power to temper

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with nature has resulted in serious

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"contamination of air, earth, rivers,

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and sea with dangerous and lethal materials."

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Therefore, almost everything said about power

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could also be reworded

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into the vocabulary of freedom.

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Reword is a verb which

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means to say or write sth.

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again in different words in order to

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make it easier to understand or more suitable

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For example: If we reword the telegram we

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can save one-third of the cost.

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This sentence indicates: Therefore,

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what has been said about power could also

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be said about freedom, though in different terms.

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such as, unbridled freedom would be harmful,

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even destructive to society,

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and it seems that there has to be a

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counterforce to freedom, too.

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What ensue are two examples to justify

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why the author holds that both the need for power

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and that for freedom ask for a

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counterforce to make a balance.

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The first example shows that we want to have

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the freedom of experiencing failure in our struggle

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to fulfill our need for success.

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The second example is expressed like this:

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As much as a child may love her parents,

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she also wants the freedom to branch out on her own.

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It means Although a child may love her parents,

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she also wants her parents to

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let her develop the way she wants.

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(as) much as: is similar to "although"

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to introduce an adverbial clause of concession

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when you want to express a strong feeling or desire.

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More examples:

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As much as I hate to do it,

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I must stay home and study tonight.

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Much as I respect him,

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I don't always approve of what he does.

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Much as he longed for a better job,

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he rejected a well-paying position.

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to branch out (into): to add to the range

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of one's interests or activities, e.g.

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Whitney doesn't want to concentrate on

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just one field; she wants to branch out more.

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The company decided to branch out

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into producing digital cameras.

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The author stretches his argument by adding

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the observation that: So you can see that

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freedom can be in conflict not only

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with power but also with belonging.

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For example, if you want me around too much,

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I claim you stifle me, but if you aren't

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constantly giving me attention,

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I may claim you don't love me.

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We try to understand it. It is clear that freedom

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is not only contradictory to power but also to

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the sense of belonging.

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It is reported by the scientists that even

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in the most intimate relationships,

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people involved should have an appropriate

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spatial distance in between. Too close may bring

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about the feeling of suffocation and repression;

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too apart might yield the feel of estrangement

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and resentment. So it is hard to reach

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and maintain a balance.

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In this lecture, we talked about our need for freedom,

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which is a counter-force to power.

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Next time, we'll try to discuss anther need:

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the need for fun. Please read from paras. 11-14

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beforehand and try to consider the question:

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Do you agree that the love of fun is

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also a basic human need? Can you offer

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a few examples to illustrate it?

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Ok, look forward to our next talk. See you!