1 00:00:04,059 --> 00:00:06,130 [Music] 2 00:00:06,130 --> 00:00:10,879 this is the story of America seen in 3 00:00:10,879 --> 00:00:15,829 color for the first time in the early 4 00:00:15,829 --> 00:00:18,710 20th century moving pictures spark a new 5 00:00:18,710 --> 00:00:20,750 fascination with America's rich and 6 00:00:20,750 --> 00:00:25,790 famous legendary families that rule the 7 00:00:25,790 --> 00:00:30,080 worlds of power money and style the 8 00:00:30,080 --> 00:00:37,670 Roosevelts produce two presidents the 9 00:00:37,670 --> 00:00:39,530 Rockefellers and Vanderbilt's build 10 00:00:39,530 --> 00:00:43,629 empires and spend fortunes 11 00:00:44,230 --> 00:00:47,230 William Randolph Hearst uses film to 12 00:00:47,230 --> 00:00:49,720 cash in on the glitzy lives of the rich 13 00:00:49,720 --> 00:00:52,020 and famous 14 00:00:52,700 --> 00:00:55,940 and a glamorous first family spawns a 15 00:00:55,940 --> 00:00:58,820 political dynasty the torch has been 16 00:00:58,820 --> 00:01:02,740 passed to a new generation of American 17 00:01:02,740 --> 00:01:07,300 this is the story of American royalty as 18 00:01:07,300 --> 00:01:10,400 you've never seen it before 19 00:01:10,400 --> 00:01:14,869 [Music] 20 00:01:23,820 --> 00:01:27,320 I want a recap 21 00:01:27,350 --> 00:01:36,179 [Music] 22 00:01:36,179 --> 00:01:40,990 September 12th 1953 the wealthy resort 23 00:01:40,990 --> 00:01:44,229 town of Newport Rhode Island a storybook 24 00:01:44,229 --> 00:01:46,659 wedding of 36 year old Senator John F 25 00:01:46,659 --> 00:01:49,509 Kennedy and 24 year-old Jacqueline 26 00:01:49,509 --> 00:01:51,370 Bouvier 27 00:01:51,370 --> 00:01:52,920 [Music] 28 00:01:52,920 --> 00:01:55,560 this union between two legendary 29 00:01:55,560 --> 00:01:58,770 American families is the social event of 30 00:01:58,770 --> 00:02:00,950 the season 31 00:02:03,000 --> 00:02:05,370 this bright young couple will one day 32 00:02:05,370 --> 00:02:07,380 come to define an American kind of 33 00:02:07,380 --> 00:02:10,820 royalty an enduring mix of glamour 34 00:02:10,820 --> 00:02:14,750 popularity and power 35 00:02:15,100 --> 00:02:19,990 and for the groom's father Joseph seen 36 00:02:19,990 --> 00:02:23,080 here dancing with wife Rose power has 37 00:02:23,080 --> 00:02:26,700 long been the family goal 38 00:02:27,240 --> 00:02:29,969 [Music] 39 00:02:29,969 --> 00:02:33,010 Joe Kennedy like so many Americans is 40 00:02:33,010 --> 00:02:37,480 the descendant of immigrants in the 19th 41 00:02:37,480 --> 00:02:39,790 century millions crossed the ocean 42 00:02:39,790 --> 00:02:44,310 seeking freedom and opportunity 43 00:02:44,560 --> 00:02:47,319 they find a country starkly divided 44 00:02:47,319 --> 00:02:52,470 between the haves and the have-nots 45 00:02:53,120 --> 00:02:57,900 between 1860 and 1900 the richest 2% of 46 00:02:57,900 --> 00:03:00,959 American families owned one-third of the 47 00:03:00,959 --> 00:03:02,250 nation's wealth 48 00:03:02,250 --> 00:03:03,980 [Music] 49 00:03:03,980 --> 00:03:06,840 ruthless operators like industrialist 50 00:03:06,840 --> 00:03:11,640 Charles Schwab banker JP Morgan real 51 00:03:11,640 --> 00:03:14,540 estate magnate Jacob Astor the forth and 52 00:03:14,540 --> 00:03:17,940 steel tycoon Andrew Carnegie have 53 00:03:17,940 --> 00:03:21,840 amassed piles of money but little public 54 00:03:21,840 --> 00:03:23,490 admiration 55 00:03:23,490 --> 00:03:28,010 most Americans call them robber barons 56 00:03:28,010 --> 00:03:30,500 in the early 20th century these 57 00:03:30,500 --> 00:03:33,379 bare-knuckled businessmen rural industry 58 00:03:33,379 --> 00:03:38,840 Wall Street and Washington the most 59 00:03:38,840 --> 00:03:41,900 powerful of all oil tycoon john d 60 00:03:41,900 --> 00:03:44,120 rockefeller the world's first 61 00:03:44,120 --> 00:03:49,510 billionaire his company Standard Oil 62 00:03:49,510 --> 00:03:52,099 savages and then swallows up its 63 00:03:52,099 --> 00:03:55,280 competitors and ends up controlling 90 64 00:03:55,280 --> 00:03:59,349 percent of the American oil industry 65 00:03:59,840 --> 00:04:02,040 [Music] 66 00:04:02,040 --> 00:04:05,530 in upstate New York he builds a private 67 00:04:05,530 --> 00:04:10,450 estate called Pocantico Hills lavish 68 00:04:10,450 --> 00:04:15,010 Gardens surround the 40 room mansion one 69 00:04:15,010 --> 00:04:17,470 observer jokes it's what God would have 70 00:04:17,470 --> 00:04:21,600 built if only he had the money 71 00:04:22,879 --> 00:04:26,879 Rockefeller is America's richest man by 72 00:04:26,879 --> 00:04:30,000 1896 he has assets of 200 million 73 00:04:30,000 --> 00:04:33,690 dollars over five billion dollars in 74 00:04:33,690 --> 00:04:34,970 today's money 75 00:04:34,970 --> 00:04:40,229 he's the Bill Gates of his day but in 76 00:04:40,229 --> 00:04:41,190 his 50s 77 00:04:41,190 --> 00:04:44,039 amid work stress he develops alopecia 78 00:04:44,039 --> 00:04:47,550 and ghost ball image-conscious 79 00:04:47,550 --> 00:04:51,560 he wears wigs for the rest of his life 80 00:04:51,560 --> 00:04:54,030 Rockefeller and his fellow robber barons 81 00:04:54,030 --> 00:04:57,719 are not loved ordinary Americans resent 82 00:04:57,719 --> 00:05:00,300 their wealth and power but a new 83 00:05:00,300 --> 00:05:02,909 populist president will promise to drain 84 00:05:02,909 --> 00:05:04,580 this swamp 85 00:05:04,580 --> 00:05:08,090 [Applause] 86 00:05:08,090 --> 00:05:11,150 in 1901 President William McKinley 87 00:05:11,150 --> 00:05:13,730 visits the pan-american exposition in 88 00:05:13,730 --> 00:05:17,919 Buffalo New York the next day an 89 00:05:17,919 --> 00:05:21,780 anarchists bullet takes his life 90 00:05:21,780 --> 00:05:27,999 [Music] 91 00:05:27,999 --> 00:05:30,729 Vice President Teddy Roosevelt follows 92 00:05:30,729 --> 00:05:33,669 McKinley's coffin his sudden rise to 93 00:05:33,669 --> 00:05:38,009 power and prominence does not faze him 94 00:05:39,479 --> 00:05:42,339 teddy is from a wealthy family of Dutch 95 00:05:42,339 --> 00:05:44,829 descent pillars of New York's high 96 00:05:44,829 --> 00:05:51,219 society but this son of privilege feels 97 00:05:51,219 --> 00:05:55,899 a bond with average Americans and they 98 00:05:55,899 --> 00:06:02,439 feel he understands their struggles in a 99 00:06:02,439 --> 00:06:05,679 famous address in 1910 he says nothing 100 00:06:05,679 --> 00:06:08,199 in this world is worth having or worth 101 00:06:08,199 --> 00:06:11,759 doing unless it means effort pain 102 00:06:11,759 --> 00:06:14,759 difficulty 103 00:06:17,360 --> 00:06:20,930 teddy embraces a recent invention the 104 00:06:20,930 --> 00:06:24,740 silent movie camera when he visits San 105 00:06:24,740 --> 00:06:29,389 Francisco in May 1903 crowds clamor for 106 00:06:29,389 --> 00:06:31,250 a glimpse of this new celebrity 107 00:06:31,250 --> 00:06:33,540 president 108 00:06:33,540 --> 00:06:37,410 and in 1904 thousands see him sworn in 109 00:06:37,410 --> 00:06:40,280 for a second term 110 00:06:40,880 --> 00:06:43,440 Teddy targets the monopolies of the 111 00:06:43,440 --> 00:06:46,050 robber barons he calls the Rockefellers 112 00:06:46,050 --> 00:06:49,250 the biggest criminals in the country 113 00:06:49,250 --> 00:06:51,530 [Music] 114 00:06:51,530 --> 00:06:54,570 he sues standard oil for violating 115 00:06:54,570 --> 00:06:58,830 antitrust laws and in 1911 the company 116 00:06:58,830 --> 00:07:01,800 is forced to break up but this blow 117 00:07:01,800 --> 00:07:03,840 ironically not only makes Rockefeller 118 00:07:03,840 --> 00:07:06,720 richer it will help transform his image 119 00:07:06,720 --> 00:07:09,210 from hated robber baron to revered 120 00:07:09,210 --> 00:07:14,790 American royalty a transformation that 121 00:07:14,790 --> 00:07:17,490 starts strangely enough with a tragedy 122 00:07:17,490 --> 00:07:23,280 caused by his son John jr. in Colorado a 123 00:07:23,280 --> 00:07:25,290 Rockefeller owned company runs the 124 00:07:25,290 --> 00:07:27,360 state's largest coal mining operation 125 00:07:27,360 --> 00:07:31,740 with 11,000 workers most of them poor 126 00:07:31,740 --> 00:07:35,670 immigrants from southern Europe they're 127 00:07:35,670 --> 00:07:37,890 paid not by the hour but by how much 128 00:07:37,890 --> 00:07:40,800 coal they mine a system that encourages 129 00:07:40,800 --> 00:07:48,720 risky practices in September 1913 8,000 130 00:07:48,720 --> 00:07:50,970 of the coal miners strike they want 131 00:07:50,970 --> 00:07:54,000 higher pay better conditions and the 132 00:07:54,000 --> 00:07:56,840 right to form a union 133 00:07:59,800 --> 00:08:04,129 Rockefeller jr. refuses their demands he 134 00:08:04,129 --> 00:08:05,779 pressures the governor to send in the 135 00:08:05,779 --> 00:08:08,029 National Guard with the Rockefellers 136 00:08:08,029 --> 00:08:11,379 paying their salaries 137 00:08:11,690 --> 00:08:14,450 a path a news cameraman films the 138 00:08:14,450 --> 00:08:16,190 guardsmen who are ready for a 139 00:08:16,190 --> 00:08:19,000 confrontation 140 00:08:23,740 --> 00:08:26,380 a gun battle with the strikers breaks 141 00:08:26,380 --> 00:08:29,590 out this footage is seen across the 142 00:08:29,590 --> 00:08:31,639 country 143 00:08:31,639 --> 00:08:36,200 on April 20th 1914 Guardsmen opened fire 144 00:08:36,200 --> 00:08:40,159 on the strikers camp 21 are killed 145 00:08:40,159 --> 00:08:43,870 including women and children 146 00:08:46,140 --> 00:08:48,930 the incident becomes known as the Ludlow 147 00:08:48,930 --> 00:08:51,750 massacre there's an outpouring of 148 00:08:51,750 --> 00:08:54,480 sympathy for the miners hundreds turn 149 00:08:54,480 --> 00:08:55,870 out for the funeral 150 00:08:55,870 --> 00:08:58,810 [Music] 151 00:08:58,810 --> 00:09:03,610 a little more than two months later on 152 00:09:03,610 --> 00:09:07,810 July 4th 1914 a bomb explodes in New 153 00:09:07,810 --> 00:09:11,680 York City four are killed and many are 154 00:09:11,680 --> 00:09:16,330 injured radicals seeking vengeance were 155 00:09:16,330 --> 00:09:19,690 preparing an explosive device to send to 156 00:09:19,690 --> 00:09:22,830 john d rockefeller 157 00:09:22,920 --> 00:09:26,600 it blew up in their faces 158 00:09:28,110 --> 00:09:31,390 the Rockefellers decide to redeem their 159 00:09:31,390 --> 00:09:34,080 public image 160 00:09:35,550 --> 00:09:38,280 John D jr. travels personally to the 161 00:09:38,280 --> 00:09:44,970 mines and dresses down in denim he also 162 00:09:44,970 --> 00:09:47,310 creates opportunities for workers voices 163 00:09:47,310 --> 00:09:52,350 to be heard John's senior to win 164 00:09:52,350 --> 00:09:55,170 American hearts and minds publicizes his 165 00:09:55,170 --> 00:09:57,560 philanthropy 166 00:09:57,560 --> 00:09:59,480 [Music] 167 00:09:59,480 --> 00:10:02,260 by now he has already given away around 168 00:10:02,260 --> 00:10:08,330 150 million dollars over four billion 169 00:10:08,330 --> 00:10:14,870 today with his trademark cap John senior 170 00:10:14,870 --> 00:10:16,580 appears more often in front of the 171 00:10:16,580 --> 00:10:19,430 cameras crowds like this one welcoming 172 00:10:19,430 --> 00:10:22,220 him at a Florida railroad station treat 173 00:10:22,220 --> 00:10:27,790 him warmly the strategy pays off 174 00:10:27,790 --> 00:10:30,020 Americans start to associate the 175 00:10:30,020 --> 00:10:32,450 Rockefellers less with ruthless business 176 00:10:32,450 --> 00:10:37,150 practices and more with good works 177 00:10:37,150 --> 00:10:40,700 thanks to film audiences can now see the 178 00:10:40,700 --> 00:10:44,600 lifestyles of the rich and famous the 179 00:10:44,600 --> 00:10:51,950 robber barons become celebrities before 180 00:10:51,950 --> 00:10:54,200 rockefeller the biggest fortune in 181 00:10:54,200 --> 00:10:56,150 America belongs to railroad magnate 182 00:10:56,150 --> 00:11:00,970 Cornelius Vanderbilt when he dies in 183 00:11:00,970 --> 00:11:04,010 1877 he leaves one hundred million 184 00:11:04,010 --> 00:11:07,610 dollars two billion dollars today 185 00:11:07,610 --> 00:11:09,110 [Music] 186 00:11:09,110 --> 00:11:11,330 what his family does with this huge 187 00:11:11,330 --> 00:11:14,420 inheritance makes the Vanderbilts a name 188 00:11:14,420 --> 00:11:16,040 that all Americans know 189 00:11:16,040 --> 00:11:18,200 [Music] 190 00:11:18,200 --> 00:11:21,720 grandson cornelius vanderbilt ii builds 191 00:11:21,720 --> 00:11:23,520 a family summer residence in newport 192 00:11:23,520 --> 00:11:27,620 rhode island called the breakers 193 00:11:28,550 --> 00:11:31,770 boasting some seventy rooms and imported 194 00:11:31,770 --> 00:11:35,840 marble it costs seven million dollars 195 00:11:35,840 --> 00:11:38,280 palaces like the Vanderbilts become a 196 00:11:38,280 --> 00:11:42,840 trademark of American royalty Cornelius 197 00:11:42,840 --> 00:11:45,240 Vanderbilt's great-grandson william 198 00:11:45,240 --> 00:11:48,180 Kissam Vanderbilt ii likes to burn his 199 00:11:48,180 --> 00:11:53,940 cash on fast cars october 8th 200 00:11:53,940 --> 00:11:57,840 1904 the inaugural run of the Vanderbilt 201 00:11:57,840 --> 00:12:01,980 cup a 284 mile automobile race he 202 00:12:01,980 --> 00:12:06,450 organizes on Long Island it's the first 203 00:12:06,450 --> 00:12:08,940 international auto race ever held in the 204 00:12:08,940 --> 00:12:11,210 US 205 00:12:11,630 --> 00:12:14,690 after nearly five and a half hours the 206 00:12:14,690 --> 00:12:17,940 Frenchman George Heath wins 207 00:12:17,940 --> 00:12:18,680 [Applause] 208 00:12:18,680 --> 00:12:20,540 [Music] 209 00:12:20,540 --> 00:12:23,550 the luxuries enjoyed by the rich are 210 00:12:23,550 --> 00:12:26,010 swelling to a scale that fascinates 211 00:12:26,010 --> 00:12:30,300 ordinary Americans especially when 212 00:12:30,300 --> 00:12:36,810 disaster strikes this is the only 213 00:12:36,810 --> 00:12:40,079 footage of the ocean liner Titanic seen 214 00:12:40,079 --> 00:12:43,170 before her fateful 1912 voyage from 215 00:12:43,170 --> 00:12:48,690 Southampton England to New York she is 216 00:12:48,690 --> 00:12:53,180 carrying 325 passengers in first class 217 00:12:53,180 --> 00:12:56,579 the most expensive suite costs nearly 218 00:12:56,579 --> 00:12:59,550 four and a half thousand dollars more 219 00:12:59,550 --> 00:13:05,490 than $100,000 today a price that secures 220 00:13:05,490 --> 00:13:07,880 luxurious floating accommodation 221 00:13:07,880 --> 00:13:11,750 including an onboard gym 222 00:13:11,840 --> 00:13:14,720 banker JP Morgan the liner's owner is 223 00:13:14,720 --> 00:13:17,770 booked to travel but at the last moment 224 00:13:17,770 --> 00:13:23,990 cancels his trip in this lonely stretch 225 00:13:23,990 --> 00:13:26,630 of the North Atlantic when the Titanic 226 00:13:26,630 --> 00:13:29,750 hits an iceberg other rich Americans are 227 00:13:29,750 --> 00:13:35,180 not so lucky property tycoon John Jacob 228 00:13:35,180 --> 00:13:39,140 Astor Macy's owners Isidor and Ida 229 00:13:39,140 --> 00:13:41,180 Straus 230 00:13:41,180 --> 00:13:44,150 and businessman Benjamin Guggenheim all 231 00:13:44,150 --> 00:13:50,540 lose their lives along with 1500 others 232 00:13:50,540 --> 00:13:53,000 the front pages plaster the names of the 233 00:13:53,000 --> 00:13:55,820 first-class passengers to feed a growing 234 00:13:55,820 --> 00:13:59,470 fascination with Fame 235 00:14:01,250 --> 00:14:03,750 at the time the biggest name in 236 00:14:03,750 --> 00:14:06,000 publishing is William Randolph Hearst 237 00:14:06,000 --> 00:14:11,100 the Rupert Murdoch of his day his chain 238 00:14:11,100 --> 00:14:14,320 of newspapers makes and breaks people 239 00:14:14,320 --> 00:14:16,790 [Music] 240 00:14:16,790 --> 00:14:21,260 Hearst has the ear of presidents in 1923 241 00:14:21,260 --> 00:14:23,880 cameras capture him and wife Millicent 242 00:14:23,880 --> 00:14:26,279 outside the White House after meeting 243 00:14:26,279 --> 00:14:34,649 President Coolidge in 1914 Hearst enters 244 00:14:34,649 --> 00:14:38,490 a new business newsreels and the 245 00:14:38,490 --> 00:14:40,800 American public are eager to see the 246 00:14:40,800 --> 00:14:43,410 rich and famous no matter what they're 247 00:14:43,410 --> 00:14:48,630 doing one of her snooze reels shows the 248 00:14:48,630 --> 00:14:50,720 now former President Theodore Roosevelt 249 00:14:50,720 --> 00:14:55,980 rowing this exposure of the super-rich 250 00:14:55,980 --> 00:14:59,630 creates a class of new celebrities and 251 00:14:59,630 --> 00:15:03,139 some of them play along for the cameras 252 00:15:03,139 --> 00:15:06,980 including Hearst himself 253 00:15:07,960 --> 00:15:09,179 [Music] 254 00:15:09,179 --> 00:15:13,809 19:19 San Simeon California the media 255 00:15:13,809 --> 00:15:15,759 millionaire takes a bold leap toward 256 00:15:15,759 --> 00:15:19,040 making himself a legend 257 00:15:19,040 --> 00:15:23,720 he builds his own hearst castle on his 258 00:15:23,720 --> 00:15:33,380 250,000 acre estate with 56 bedrooms 259 00:15:33,380 --> 00:15:39,240 61 bathrooms 19 sitting rooms and 127 260 00:15:39,240 --> 00:15:42,750 acres of gardens the mansion is one of 261 00:15:42,750 --> 00:15:46,020 the most opulent ever and Dwarfs the 262 00:15:46,020 --> 00:15:50,670 Vanderbilts breakers it costs nearly ten 263 00:15:50,670 --> 00:15:53,880 million dollars close to 700 million 264 00:15:53,880 --> 00:15:56,360 today 265 00:15:57,250 --> 00:15:59,990 it even has a private Zoo 266 00:15:59,990 --> 00:16:04,029 [Music] 267 00:16:05,180 --> 00:16:08,220 no one turns down an invitation to 268 00:16:08,220 --> 00:16:12,660 Hearst Castle movie stars like Marie 269 00:16:12,660 --> 00:16:13,500 Dressler 270 00:16:13,500 --> 00:16:17,040 here's seen on Hearst zarm and his 271 00:16:17,040 --> 00:16:19,650 longtime mistress actress Marion Davies 272 00:16:19,650 --> 00:16:20,630 on the left 273 00:16:20,630 --> 00:16:28,200 Hammond up in home movies Charlie 274 00:16:28,200 --> 00:16:32,090 Chaplin also clowns for the camera 275 00:16:32,680 --> 00:16:34,720 they schmooze with New York City's 276 00:16:34,720 --> 00:16:39,100 corrupt mayor Jimmy Walker while actress 277 00:16:39,100 --> 00:16:41,110 Hedda Hopper rubs shoulders with the 278 00:16:41,110 --> 00:16:43,899 chairman of the Bank of America AP 279 00:16:43,899 --> 00:16:49,660 Giannini but fun and games aren't the 280 00:16:49,660 --> 00:16:51,940 only thing the Hearst cameras capture 281 00:16:51,940 --> 00:16:55,079 [Music] 282 00:16:56,240 --> 00:16:59,899 in 1917 the United States enters World 283 00:16:59,899 --> 00:17:00,910 War one 284 00:17:00,910 --> 00:17:02,929 [Music] 285 00:17:02,929 --> 00:17:05,599 Hearst newsmen filmed the horror of the 286 00:17:05,599 --> 00:17:10,490 trenches America needs weapons and one 287 00:17:10,490 --> 00:17:12,859 man has a virtual monopoly on supplying 288 00:17:12,859 --> 00:17:16,609 munitions Charles Schwab owns Bethlehem 289 00:17:16,609 --> 00:17:18,859 Steel the second largest steel company 290 00:17:18,859 --> 00:17:20,579 in the world 291 00:17:20,579 --> 00:17:24,480 [Music] 292 00:17:24,480 --> 00:17:26,909 at his fore River shipyard in 293 00:17:26,909 --> 00:17:29,220 Massachusetts which Wahb needs a new 294 00:17:29,220 --> 00:17:33,029 general manager 29 year old Joseph 295 00:17:33,029 --> 00:17:36,720 Kennedy gets the job the ambitious 296 00:17:36,720 --> 00:17:39,029 father of a future president is married 297 00:17:39,029 --> 00:17:41,549 to Rose Fitzgerald the daughter of 298 00:17:41,549 --> 00:17:45,899 Boston's mayor the shipbuilding job 299 00:17:45,899 --> 00:17:48,320 gives Kennedy an important contact 300 00:17:48,320 --> 00:17:51,630 Franklin Delano Roosevelt who is the 301 00:17:51,630 --> 00:17:55,830 assistant secretary to the Navy seen 302 00:17:55,830 --> 00:17:58,529 here clambering aboard a naval weapons 303 00:17:58,529 --> 00:18:03,299 train in 1918 he's a distant relation of 304 00:18:03,299 --> 00:18:06,059 a legendary Teddy and married to Teddy's 305 00:18:06,059 --> 00:18:09,060 niece Eleanor 306 00:18:09,060 --> 00:18:11,340 the assistant secretary visits the 307 00:18:11,340 --> 00:18:13,830 Massachusetts shipyard to see the vast 308 00:18:13,830 --> 00:18:15,990 number of destroyers Kennedy is helping 309 00:18:15,990 --> 00:18:17,710 deliver for the US Navy 310 00:18:17,710 --> 00:18:22,610 [Music] 311 00:18:22,610 --> 00:18:26,610 after the war the ambitious FDR enters 312 00:18:26,610 --> 00:18:34,410 national politics in 1920 he wins the 313 00:18:34,410 --> 00:18:36,620 Democratic nomination for vice president 314 00:18:36,620 --> 00:18:41,660 [Music] 315 00:18:41,660 --> 00:18:45,030 more than politicians that they shall 316 00:18:45,030 --> 00:18:47,580 support innate always with individual 317 00:18:47,580 --> 00:18:50,700 ambition and the party advantage to the 318 00:18:50,700 --> 00:18:53,790 national group and campaigns with 319 00:18:53,790 --> 00:18:57,570 presidential candidate James Cox though 320 00:18:57,570 --> 00:19:00,090 republican warren g harding defeats them 321 00:19:00,090 --> 00:19:01,310 in a landslide 322 00:19:01,310 --> 00:19:08,220 FDR's political future seems bright but 323 00:19:08,220 --> 00:19:10,220 nine months after this footage is taken 324 00:19:10,220 --> 00:19:14,810 he is paralyzed by polio 325 00:19:15,230 --> 00:19:18,360 the next time he's seen in public here 326 00:19:18,360 --> 00:19:20,820 at the 1924 Democratic National 327 00:19:20,820 --> 00:19:25,040 Convention he is on crutches 328 00:19:28,230 --> 00:19:31,720 determined to recover FDR goes to a 329 00:19:31,720 --> 00:19:35,020 resort in Warm Springs Georgia hoping 330 00:19:35,020 --> 00:19:37,060 it's 88 degree water will help him grow 331 00:19:37,060 --> 00:19:41,380 stronger home movies capture his 332 00:19:41,380 --> 00:19:44,260 rehabilitation with a therapist 333 00:19:44,260 --> 00:19:47,250 [Music] 334 00:19:47,250 --> 00:19:51,870 in 1926 he buys the place and turns it 335 00:19:51,870 --> 00:19:56,190 into a polio treatment center these 336 00:19:56,190 --> 00:19:58,770 buildings will come we hope for many 337 00:19:58,770 --> 00:20:01,830 generations people and especially 338 00:20:01,830 --> 00:20:04,650 children who will be greatly helped 339 00:20:04,650 --> 00:20:06,740 along the road of life 340 00:20:06,740 --> 00:20:08,440 [Applause] 341 00:20:08,440 --> 00:20:11,800 this 1928 home movie shows a family 342 00:20:11,800 --> 00:20:17,740 picnic with a 13 year old FDR jr. it 343 00:20:17,740 --> 00:20:20,740 offers a rare view of a relaxed FDR 344 00:20:20,740 --> 00:20:25,000 openly wearing leg braces in private he 345 00:20:25,000 --> 00:20:32,170 doesn't hide his disability publicly he 346 00:20:32,170 --> 00:20:34,210 and Rockefeller still wearing his wig 347 00:20:34,210 --> 00:20:36,300 are much more image conscious 348 00:20:36,300 --> 00:20:38,560 Rockefeller hypes his own philanthropic 349 00:20:38,560 --> 00:20:40,780 image for the newsreels at this 350 00:20:40,780 --> 00:20:44,650 Christmas party by 1921 he has given 351 00:20:44,650 --> 00:20:48,820 away over half a billion dollars six and 352 00:20:48,820 --> 00:20:52,120 a half billion in today's money but the 353 00:20:52,120 --> 00:20:54,520 gift that becomes his trademark hardly 354 00:20:54,520 --> 00:20:58,600 dents his wallet he hands out shiny new 355 00:20:58,600 --> 00:21:00,930 dawns 356 00:21:06,570 --> 00:21:09,160 Americans fall in love with the aging 357 00:21:09,160 --> 00:21:18,820 billionaire thank you thank you very 358 00:21:18,820 --> 00:21:20,740 much dr. diamond I thank you for the 359 00:21:20,740 --> 00:21:22,570 ride I get better myself more than 360 00:21:22,570 --> 00:21:25,330 athletes paid thank you thank you thank 361 00:21:25,330 --> 00:21:26,650 you thank you 362 00:21:26,650 --> 00:21:29,260 along with his dimes the old oilman 363 00:21:29,260 --> 00:21:32,620 gives lectures on thrift but the 364 00:21:32,620 --> 00:21:34,960 youngest Rockefellers burned through 365 00:21:34,960 --> 00:21:40,540 their money these home movies captured 366 00:21:40,540 --> 00:21:42,450 John Dee juniors children 367 00:21:42,450 --> 00:21:47,880 Winthrop Lawrence Nelson David and Babs 368 00:21:47,880 --> 00:21:50,830 enjoying life during the roaring 20s at 369 00:21:50,830 --> 00:21:53,290 the for Lee's expanding Pocantico Hills 370 00:21:53,290 --> 00:21:57,390 property in upstate New York 371 00:21:57,610 --> 00:21:59,270 with speedboats 372 00:21:59,270 --> 00:22:00,530 [Music] 373 00:22:00,530 --> 00:22:03,710 and horseplay in something few can 374 00:22:03,710 --> 00:22:08,260 afford an indoor swimming pool 375 00:22:09,460 --> 00:22:12,300 but these movies are never widely seen 376 00:22:12,300 --> 00:22:15,190 the richest and most powerful Americans 377 00:22:15,190 --> 00:22:17,530 will soon understand that while the 378 00:22:17,530 --> 00:22:20,560 camera can create public reputations it 379 00:22:20,560 --> 00:22:30,460 can also destroy them Wall Street the 380 00:22:30,460 --> 00:22:34,360 early 1920s scene of the next triumph in 381 00:22:34,360 --> 00:22:37,980 the rise of Joseph Kennedy 382 00:22:38,070 --> 00:22:41,070 he becomes a multimillionaire thanks in 383 00:22:41,070 --> 00:22:44,130 part to insider trading deals that would 384 00:22:44,130 --> 00:22:47,000 be illegal today 385 00:22:47,809 --> 00:22:51,649 in 1926 he sets out to conquer another 386 00:22:51,649 --> 00:22:58,549 freewheeling industry Hollywood Kennedy 387 00:22:58,549 --> 00:23:02,179 buys Studios in trouble cuts costs fires 388 00:23:02,179 --> 00:23:07,340 people then cashes out at a profit in 389 00:23:07,340 --> 00:23:10,700 1931 he leaves Hollywood an estimated 390 00:23:10,700 --> 00:23:14,149 five million dollars richer that's 391 00:23:14,149 --> 00:23:18,950 around 70 million today but making money 392 00:23:18,950 --> 00:23:23,719 isn't enough for Joe this immigrant son 393 00:23:23,719 --> 00:23:30,259 sets his sights on Washington media 394 00:23:30,259 --> 00:23:32,839 mogul William Randolph Hearst already 395 00:23:32,839 --> 00:23:37,460 wields power amplified by his enormous 396 00:23:37,460 --> 00:23:38,900 wealth 397 00:23:38,900 --> 00:23:43,130 [Music] 398 00:23:43,130 --> 00:23:48,530 in 1929 he pays 175,000 dollars 399 00:23:48,530 --> 00:23:51,169 to sponsor the first round-the-world 400 00:23:51,169 --> 00:23:53,610 flight by an airship 401 00:23:53,610 --> 00:23:56,899 the Graf Zeppelin 402 00:23:58,390 --> 00:24:01,630 a full onboard kitchen serves green 403 00:24:01,630 --> 00:24:05,790 turtle soup and pigeon 404 00:24:06,040 --> 00:24:09,370 and in-flight entertainment helps past 405 00:24:09,370 --> 00:24:15,130 the long hours along departure from 406 00:24:15,130 --> 00:24:19,090 Japan we arrived at the Golden Gate the 407 00:24:19,090 --> 00:24:20,980 historic flight attracts tons of 408 00:24:20,980 --> 00:24:24,010 publicity perfectly timed for the launch 409 00:24:24,010 --> 00:24:26,770 of Hurst's first sound newsreel at New 410 00:24:26,770 --> 00:24:30,000 York's Embassy Theatre on September 28th 411 00:24:30,000 --> 00:24:38,890 1929 just one month before the crash 412 00:24:38,890 --> 00:24:41,130 that starts the Great Depression a 413 00:24:41,130 --> 00:24:44,110 calamity that hurts millions of ordinary 414 00:24:44,110 --> 00:24:47,920 Americans but for the super-rich the 415 00:24:47,920 --> 00:24:52,230 depression is not a barrier to ambition 416 00:24:52,230 --> 00:24:57,380 May 17 1930 midtown Manhattan 417 00:24:57,380 --> 00:24:59,940 construction starts on a project that 418 00:24:59,940 --> 00:25:01,799 will lift the spirits of a city in 419 00:25:01,799 --> 00:25:04,309 crisis 420 00:25:06,059 --> 00:25:08,759 Rockefeller jr. uses his own money on 421 00:25:08,759 --> 00:25:13,440 his biggest business project Rockefeller 422 00:25:13,440 --> 00:25:19,289 Center a city within a city with a price 423 00:25:19,289 --> 00:25:24,450 tag of 250 million dollars over 2 424 00:25:24,450 --> 00:25:28,039 billion in today's money 425 00:25:31,879 --> 00:25:37,019 an investment that provides 40,000 jobs 426 00:25:37,019 --> 00:25:39,899 for New Yorkers at a time when 1 in 4 427 00:25:39,899 --> 00:25:44,070 people are out of work this film made by 428 00:25:44,070 --> 00:25:46,740 architect Walter Harrington Killam jr. 429 00:25:46,740 --> 00:25:49,200 shows vertigo-inducing building 430 00:25:49,200 --> 00:25:53,310 practices unrestrained by safety rules 431 00:25:53,310 --> 00:25:57,030 [Music] 432 00:25:57,550 --> 00:25:59,740 the centerpiece of the development is 433 00:25:59,740 --> 00:26:03,310 the 70 story Art Deco skyscraper 30 434 00:26:03,310 --> 00:26:07,480 Rockefeller Plaza popularly known as 30 435 00:26:07,480 --> 00:26:07,840 rock 436 00:26:07,840 --> 00:26:10,739 [Music] 437 00:26:10,739 --> 00:26:15,909 December 27th 1932 the complexes first 438 00:26:15,909 --> 00:26:19,029 building Radio City Music Hall a New 439 00:26:19,029 --> 00:26:21,609 York icon to this day opens with a 440 00:26:21,609 --> 00:26:23,819 lavish performance by the Roxy 'it's 441 00:26:23,819 --> 00:26:27,040 later known as the Rockettes 442 00:26:27,040 --> 00:26:31,080 [Music] 443 00:26:31,080 --> 00:26:33,090 while the Rockefellers burnish their 444 00:26:33,090 --> 00:26:35,909 fame with their Manhattan towers some of 445 00:26:35,909 --> 00:26:38,190 their fellow magnets choose to escape 446 00:26:38,190 --> 00:26:42,840 the depression William Vanderbilt ii and 447 00:26:42,840 --> 00:26:45,600 his wife Rosalind spend their millions 448 00:26:45,600 --> 00:26:59,119 on a world cruise 264 feet long and 449 00:26:59,119 --> 00:27:02,369 luxuriously appointed their ship the 450 00:27:02,369 --> 00:27:06,899 Alva is the original super yacht with a 451 00:27:06,899 --> 00:27:09,480 crew of 50 they collect specimens for a 452 00:27:09,480 --> 00:27:11,639 Marine Museum on the grounds of their 453 00:27:11,639 --> 00:27:16,769 Long Island mansion a crew of nine films 454 00:27:16,769 --> 00:27:19,249 the journey 455 00:27:19,790 --> 00:27:22,200 Polynesians and Australian Aborigines 456 00:27:22,200 --> 00:27:24,840 treat these Americans as visiting 457 00:27:24,840 --> 00:27:31,260 royalty originally screened for charity 458 00:27:31,260 --> 00:27:34,380 a 1932 commercial release in New York 459 00:27:34,380 --> 00:27:37,050 gives the public a glimpse of the elite 460 00:27:37,050 --> 00:27:44,400 at play but some American Royals work 461 00:27:44,400 --> 00:27:47,760 for their subjects while the Vanderbilts 462 00:27:47,760 --> 00:27:50,640 tour the world Franklin Delano Roosevelt 463 00:27:50,640 --> 00:28:03,690 campaigns for the presidency one of his 464 00:28:03,690 --> 00:28:07,940 big financial backers Joe Kennedy a 465 00:28:07,940 --> 00:28:11,240 $25,000 donation and a loan of a further 466 00:28:11,240 --> 00:28:14,010 50,000 secures him a seat on the 467 00:28:14,010 --> 00:28:16,490 campaign train 468 00:28:16,490 --> 00:28:20,380 FDR is victorious and rewards Kennedy 469 00:28:20,380 --> 00:28:22,700 appointing him head of the Securities 470 00:28:22,700 --> 00:28:26,870 and Exchange Commission his mission to 471 00:28:26,870 --> 00:28:29,600 crack down on the same shady stock 472 00:28:29,600 --> 00:28:32,640 market tactics that earn him Millions 473 00:28:32,640 --> 00:28:34,740 [Music] 474 00:28:34,740 --> 00:28:38,500 while joe cleans up Wall Street his sons 475 00:28:38,500 --> 00:28:40,090 are being groomed at one of America's 476 00:28:40,090 --> 00:28:46,170 most prestigious universities Harvard 477 00:28:47,000 --> 00:28:50,880 by 1934 four presidents have been 478 00:28:50,880 --> 00:28:54,799 educated here including both Roosevelt's 479 00:28:54,799 --> 00:28:59,549 Joe Kennedy jr. Jack Bobby and Teddy all 480 00:28:59,549 --> 00:29:02,780 become Harvard men 481 00:29:03,410 --> 00:29:06,050 a confetti fight celebrates graduation 482 00:29:06,050 --> 00:29:08,750 from a place where powerful networks 483 00:29:08,750 --> 00:29:16,030 that lasts a lifetime are born summer 484 00:29:16,030 --> 00:29:20,540 1934 FDR takes time out to watch the 485 00:29:20,540 --> 00:29:23,740 harvard-yale regatta 486 00:29:23,740 --> 00:29:26,750 19 year old Franklin jr. a talented 487 00:29:26,750 --> 00:29:31,120 athlete rose for Harvard's Freshman team 488 00:29:31,570 --> 00:29:34,970 as they posed here before the race he's 489 00:29:34,970 --> 00:29:36,160 fourth from the right 490 00:29:36,160 --> 00:29:37,330 [Music] 491 00:29:37,330 --> 00:29:39,190 [Applause] 492 00:29:39,190 --> 00:29:43,909 [Music] 493 00:29:44,320 --> 00:29:46,310 president waving happily from the 494 00:29:46,310 --> 00:29:48,350 referee's boat it's just an eager father 495 00:29:48,350 --> 00:29:50,030 today getting a big thrill as the 496 00:29:50,030 --> 00:29:52,040 Harvard crew makes a desperate spurt for 497 00:29:52,040 --> 00:29:52,870 the lead 498 00:29:52,870 --> 00:29:56,330 Harvard loses but Roosevelt's love of 499 00:29:56,330 --> 00:29:57,770 boating doesn't falter 500 00:29:57,770 --> 00:30:02,970 [Music] 501 00:30:02,970 --> 00:30:05,310 ships bring the American aristocracy 502 00:30:05,310 --> 00:30:10,620 together in September 1934 FDR joins 503 00:30:10,620 --> 00:30:12,780 distant relative William Vincent Astor 504 00:30:12,780 --> 00:30:17,150 to watch the Americas company 505 00:30:18,520 --> 00:30:21,950 one of the Vanderbilts Harold is racing 506 00:30:21,950 --> 00:30:25,100 his yacht the rainbow against Endeavour 507 00:30:25,100 --> 00:30:28,610 owned by British aviation pioneer Thomas 508 00:30:28,610 --> 00:30:31,060 sup with 509 00:30:31,740 --> 00:30:35,159 a friendly pre-race face-off c-sharp 510 00:30:35,159 --> 00:30:38,309 suited Vanderbilt and his rival trade 511 00:30:38,309 --> 00:30:40,080 compliments like tell you how much 512 00:30:40,080 --> 00:30:42,480 involve in admiring your beautiful 513 00:30:42,480 --> 00:30:44,610 rainbow and the way you and your crew 514 00:30:44,610 --> 00:30:47,039 have been Hindi but we fear precisely 515 00:30:47,039 --> 00:30:50,520 the same way in a god to endeavor FDR 516 00:30:50,520 --> 00:30:53,039 and aster see vanderbilt secure the 517 00:30:53,039 --> 00:30:56,130 victory but while cameras capture a 518 00:30:56,130 --> 00:30:59,490 Vanderbilt triumph at sea in New York 519 00:30:59,490 --> 00:31:02,100 the family runs into much choppier 520 00:31:02,100 --> 00:31:06,899 waters a sensational public trial is 521 00:31:06,899 --> 00:31:11,059 laying their private lives bare 522 00:31:12,510 --> 00:31:14,200 [Music] 523 00:31:14,200 --> 00:31:18,170 19:34 ten-year-old Gloria Vanderbilt is 524 00:31:18,170 --> 00:31:22,610 the most famous heiress in America in 525 00:31:22,610 --> 00:31:24,950 New York she's the subject of a tawdry 526 00:31:24,950 --> 00:31:27,590 custody battle between her inattentive 527 00:31:27,590 --> 00:31:30,970 young widowed mother Gloria Morgan and 528 00:31:30,970 --> 00:31:35,240 her blue blood Aunt Gertrude Whitney 529 00:31:35,240 --> 00:31:37,930 [Music] 530 00:31:37,930 --> 00:31:40,850 gloria Morgan's self-indulgent lifestyle 531 00:31:40,850 --> 00:31:44,390 is laid bare in court and in the press 532 00:31:44,390 --> 00:31:48,110 and she is sensationally accused of 533 00:31:48,110 --> 00:31:52,150 romantic interest in women 534 00:31:54,170 --> 00:31:56,990 William Randolph Hearst newsreels show 535 00:31:56,990 --> 00:31:59,780 captivated crowds outside the court and 536 00:31:59,780 --> 00:32:04,780 his cameras found little Gloria 537 00:32:07,230 --> 00:32:13,290 [Music] 538 00:32:13,290 --> 00:32:16,100 after seven weeks of dramatic testimony 539 00:32:16,100 --> 00:32:19,290 the judge Awards custody to Aunt 540 00:32:19,290 --> 00:32:21,740 Gertrude 541 00:32:23,580 --> 00:32:27,070 years later young Gloria gains fame once 542 00:32:27,070 --> 00:32:31,470 again as a model and fashion designer 543 00:32:31,470 --> 00:32:34,600 stories like hers enthrall the 69 544 00:32:34,600 --> 00:32:36,970 million Americans a week who are now 545 00:32:36,970 --> 00:32:40,690 flocking to newsreels even more read the 546 00:32:40,690 --> 00:32:43,990 gossip in Hearst Newspapers the private 547 00:32:43,990 --> 00:32:46,720 lives of the rich and powerful are now 548 00:32:46,720 --> 00:32:49,620 fair game 549 00:32:52,990 --> 00:32:56,809 it's 1935 and President Roosevelt 550 00:32:56,809 --> 00:32:59,330 halfway through his term has been 551 00:32:59,330 --> 00:33:01,399 fighting for the ordinary folk stung by 552 00:33:01,399 --> 00:33:06,009 the depression people crowd to see him 553 00:33:06,009 --> 00:33:10,399 he is a beloved president 554 00:33:10,399 --> 00:33:15,350 sharing the spotlight his wife Eleanor 555 00:33:15,350 --> 00:33:16,470 everything 556 00:33:16,470 --> 00:33:18,090 Eleanor Roosevelt stares and does 557 00:33:18,090 --> 00:33:21,869 becomes new true to her prediction her 558 00:33:21,869 --> 00:33:26,700 personal life is no longer her own she 559 00:33:26,700 --> 00:33:29,549 knows publicity can be powerful so she 560 00:33:29,549 --> 00:33:32,039 opens her public life to the cameras as 561 00:33:32,039 --> 00:33:35,820 she supports progressive causes models 562 00:33:35,820 --> 00:33:39,720 the latest fashions and square dances 563 00:33:39,720 --> 00:33:45,840 with minors in West Virginia America has 564 00:33:45,840 --> 00:33:48,780 fallen in love with the first family 565 00:33:48,780 --> 00:33:51,470 the Roosevelts are American royalty 566 00:33:51,470 --> 00:33:58,230 wealthy powerful and glamorous and it's 567 00:33:58,230 --> 00:34:01,400 no surprise that in November 1936 568 00:34:01,400 --> 00:34:05,570 Roosevelt wins a second term 569 00:34:06,310 --> 00:34:09,389 [Music] 570 00:34:09,389 --> 00:34:13,300 seven months later 22 year-old FDR jr. 571 00:34:13,300 --> 00:34:17,160 marries Ethel DuPont 572 00:34:18,170 --> 00:34:21,349 [Music] 573 00:34:22,070 --> 00:34:24,770 she's the granddaughter of explosives 574 00:34:24,770 --> 00:34:28,820 tycoon Eugene DuPont and heiress to an 575 00:34:28,820 --> 00:34:32,659 estimated five billion dollars the happy 576 00:34:32,659 --> 00:34:35,000 occasion is more than just a joining of 577 00:34:35,000 --> 00:34:37,489 wealthy families it's America's 578 00:34:37,489 --> 00:34:40,429 equivalent of a royal wedding a bonanza 579 00:34:40,429 --> 00:34:43,260 for the press and the public 580 00:34:43,260 --> 00:34:47,129 [Music] 581 00:34:47,280 --> 00:34:50,219 and Americans are still entranced by the 582 00:34:50,219 --> 00:34:54,330 first of the Royals john d rockefeller 583 00:34:54,330 --> 00:34:57,660 senior now in his late 80s is a newsreel 584 00:34:57,660 --> 00:35:01,500 favorite audiences see him celebrate his 585 00:35:01,500 --> 00:35:03,240 90th birthday in style 586 00:35:03,240 --> 00:35:07,200 [Music] 587 00:35:07,200 --> 00:35:14,660 he dies in 1937 two years short of 100 588 00:35:14,690 --> 00:35:17,940 once hated as a robber baron at his 589 00:35:17,940 --> 00:35:21,089 death he's the embodiment of selfless 590 00:35:21,089 --> 00:35:24,150 charity he passes into history as the 591 00:35:24,150 --> 00:35:26,220 greatest philanthropist of all time a 592 00:35:26,220 --> 00:35:28,230 man who gave away five hundred and 593 00:35:28,230 --> 00:35:35,040 thirty million dollars in 1938 594 00:35:35,040 --> 00:35:38,790 one year after Rockefellers death Joseph 595 00:35:38,790 --> 00:35:42,319 Kennedy moves up in politics 596 00:35:42,710 --> 00:35:46,579 FDR appoints him ambassador to Britain 597 00:35:46,579 --> 00:35:49,559 it's the job that this son of an Irish 598 00:35:49,559 --> 00:35:52,730 Catholic immigrant has most longed for 599 00:35:52,730 --> 00:35:54,720 I'm looking forward with great 600 00:35:54,720 --> 00:35:58,369 anticipation taking up my duties here 601 00:35:58,369 --> 00:36:01,619 the father of nine he's joined by his 602 00:36:01,619 --> 00:36:05,069 wife and children Ted the youngest is 603 00:36:05,069 --> 00:36:14,700 six the Kennedys mix with British high 604 00:36:14,700 --> 00:36:19,109 society the king and queen attend a 605 00:36:19,109 --> 00:36:23,040 dinner at the American Embassy and Joe's 606 00:36:23,040 --> 00:36:25,349 wife Rose and daughters Kathleen and 607 00:36:25,349 --> 00:36:25,980 rosemary 608 00:36:25,980 --> 00:36:30,020 are presented at the Royal Court 609 00:36:30,360 --> 00:36:32,670 the Kennedy women attend the debutantes 610 00:36:32,670 --> 00:36:39,840 ball with aristocracy and royalty the 611 00:36:39,840 --> 00:36:42,420 Ambassador himself as tensions rise in 612 00:36:42,420 --> 00:36:45,900 Europe thinks the way to avoid war is to 613 00:36:45,900 --> 00:36:47,760 appease Hitler I've been asked by the 614 00:36:47,760 --> 00:36:50,190 newspaper man this afternoon but the 615 00:36:50,190 --> 00:36:53,580 chances were of appeasement I said I 616 00:36:53,580 --> 00:36:55,650 didn't know what they were but they 617 00:36:55,650 --> 00:36:57,330 certainly were worth trying 618 00:36:57,330 --> 00:37:01,530 a furious FDR disagrees and summons him 619 00:37:01,530 --> 00:37:04,140 back to the US with orders to keep his 620 00:37:04,140 --> 00:37:06,470 mouth shut 621 00:37:06,470 --> 00:37:09,360 Kennedy's 1940 farewell to the British 622 00:37:09,360 --> 00:37:11,820 people is delivered after bombs start 623 00:37:11,820 --> 00:37:14,340 falling on London it's been a tough two 624 00:37:14,340 --> 00:37:18,500 months you have faced it day and night 625 00:37:18,500 --> 00:37:22,500 with plenty of courage faced it with 626 00:37:22,500 --> 00:37:26,010 your chins up and with a grin my hat's 627 00:37:26,010 --> 00:37:29,490 off to you Kennedy's political views 628 00:37:29,490 --> 00:37:30,870 have cost him his job 629 00:37:30,870 --> 00:37:33,810 but he is not alone in his aversion to 630 00:37:33,810 --> 00:37:35,930 war 631 00:37:35,930 --> 00:37:38,180 William Randolph Hearst one side the 632 00:37:38,180 --> 00:37:41,390 presidency now he uses his media power 633 00:37:41,390 --> 00:37:44,270 to support a policy of America first 634 00:37:44,270 --> 00:37:48,880 [Music] 635 00:37:51,870 --> 00:37:54,960 [Music] 636 00:37:56,700 --> 00:37:59,480 Hurst believes in staying out of war and 637 00:37:59,480 --> 00:38:04,559 bitterly opposes FDR but the aging 638 00:38:04,559 --> 00:38:06,869 publishers grip on public opinion is 639 00:38:06,869 --> 00:38:07,970 starting to slip 640 00:38:07,970 --> 00:38:10,960 [Music] 641 00:38:10,960 --> 00:38:15,339 may 1st 1941 the premiere of Citizen 642 00:38:15,339 --> 00:38:19,200 Kane at New York's RKO palace theater 643 00:38:19,200 --> 00:38:23,050 the movie is Orson Welles unflattering 644 00:38:23,050 --> 00:38:26,770 story of a newspaper tycoon a character 645 00:38:26,770 --> 00:38:30,819 based on Hurst Welles is all smiles at 646 00:38:30,819 --> 00:38:34,359 his premiere but the 78 year old Hurst 647 00:38:34,359 --> 00:38:37,329 fights back in bare-knuckle tabloid 648 00:38:37,329 --> 00:38:40,540 style a threat to expose family gossip 649 00:38:40,540 --> 00:38:44,319 leads john d rockefeller jr. to cancel 650 00:38:44,319 --> 00:38:47,770 the planned opening at his Radio City 651 00:38:47,770 --> 00:38:52,060 and soon citizen kane is tanking at the 652 00:38:52,060 --> 00:38:54,450 box office 653 00:38:55,630 --> 00:38:59,320 six months later FDR leads the nation to 654 00:38:59,320 --> 00:39:05,100 war with confidence in our armed forces 655 00:39:05,100 --> 00:39:18,330 with the unbounding determination of 656 00:39:19,560 --> 00:39:22,000 some wealthy Americans respond 657 00:39:22,000 --> 00:39:26,830 patriotically william vanderbilt ii is 658 00:39:26,830 --> 00:39:29,890 too old to serve but gives his super 659 00:39:29,890 --> 00:39:32,820 yacht to the navy 660 00:39:33,210 --> 00:39:38,280 the alva becomes a gunboat USS Plymouth 661 00:39:38,280 --> 00:39:42,910 in 1943 off North Carolina she sunk by a 662 00:39:42,910 --> 00:39:45,630 German torpedo 663 00:39:46,670 --> 00:39:49,480 though Joe Kennedy supported appeasement 664 00:39:49,480 --> 00:39:54,740 Joe jr. and Jack sign up for service air 665 00:39:54,740 --> 00:39:57,109 cadet Joseph P Kennedy jr. reports for 666 00:39:57,109 --> 00:39:59,240 preliminary training with other college 667 00:39:59,240 --> 00:40:03,019 men he'll cry for Navy wait Joe jr. 668 00:40:03,019 --> 00:40:07,039 volunteers for a secret assignment this 669 00:40:07,039 --> 00:40:09,319 footage shows test flights for his 670 00:40:09,319 --> 00:40:13,309 mission he's to parachute from his plane 671 00:40:13,309 --> 00:40:16,010 before the explosive filled aircraft 672 00:40:16,010 --> 00:40:21,559 crashes into German v2 rocket sites this 673 00:40:21,559 --> 00:40:24,109 photograph is taken just before his 674 00:40:24,109 --> 00:40:26,859 first mission 675 00:40:27,200 --> 00:40:29,809 soon after takeoff on the 12th of August 676 00:40:29,809 --> 00:40:34,099 1944 his plane explodes in midair over 677 00:40:34,099 --> 00:40:39,079 England Joseph Kennedy jr. is killed his 678 00:40:39,079 --> 00:40:41,619 death the first of a string of tragedies 679 00:40:41,619 --> 00:40:47,720 that will stalk the family his brother 680 00:40:47,720 --> 00:40:50,809 Jack serving in the Navy is decorated as 681 00:40:50,809 --> 00:40:53,150 a hero for saving ten of his sailors 682 00:40:53,150 --> 00:40:57,290 when his boat is destroyed most of the 683 00:40:57,290 --> 00:41:00,770 wars horror and its bravery takes place 684 00:41:00,770 --> 00:41:02,230 out of the cameras eye 685 00:41:02,230 --> 00:41:04,460 [Music] 686 00:41:04,460 --> 00:41:06,980 the daring rescue of one 20 year old 687 00:41:06,980 --> 00:41:09,410 pilot is captured by first lieutenant 688 00:41:09,410 --> 00:41:11,480 and photographic officer bill Edwards on 689 00:41:11,480 --> 00:41:15,740 the submarine USS fin back 690 00:41:15,740 --> 00:41:18,440 the airman is the sole survivor of a 691 00:41:18,440 --> 00:41:21,080 Japanese attack on his squadron eight 692 00:41:21,080 --> 00:41:25,220 others died the young pilot is future 693 00:41:25,220 --> 00:41:32,270 President George HW Bush with America's 694 00:41:32,270 --> 00:41:35,140 victory he's part of a new generation 695 00:41:35,140 --> 00:41:42,109 that is about to take power in the New 696 00:41:42,109 --> 00:41:44,690 York nightclubs in the closing days of 697 00:41:44,690 --> 00:41:49,940 World War two the good times roll the 698 00:41:49,940 --> 00:41:53,900 Stork Club is one of the top hot spots 699 00:41:53,900 --> 00:41:58,290 the wealthy elite mingle in the cub room 700 00:41:58,290 --> 00:42:01,229 [Music] 701 00:42:01,229 --> 00:42:05,549 FDR jr. and Ethel DuPont and war hero 702 00:42:05,549 --> 00:42:09,759 JFK share the night with such notables 703 00:42:09,759 --> 00:42:16,029 as Judy Garland and Frank Sinatra two 704 00:42:16,029 --> 00:42:18,489 more regulars Lucille Ball and Desi 705 00:42:18,489 --> 00:42:22,059 Arnaz stars of a wildly popular new 706 00:42:22,059 --> 00:42:31,180 medium in 1950 only nine percent of 707 00:42:31,180 --> 00:42:34,079 American households owned a TV set by 708 00:42:34,079 --> 00:42:38,739 1954 over half do know technology has 709 00:42:38,739 --> 00:42:44,380 ever spread so fast in Connecticut 710 00:42:44,380 --> 00:42:48,180 Prescott Bush father of George HW Bush 711 00:42:48,180 --> 00:42:50,559 recognizes the advantages of reaching 712 00:42:50,559 --> 00:42:56,380 voters at home in 1952 he runs for the 713 00:42:56,380 --> 00:42:59,410 US Senate and produces one of the first 714 00:42:59,410 --> 00:43:03,279 campaign commercials some of our friends 715 00:43:03,279 --> 00:43:05,410 in television audience Avast if we have 716 00:43:05,410 --> 00:43:08,229 any pictures of the family so here are a 717 00:43:08,229 --> 00:43:12,180 few shots that were taken last summer 718 00:43:12,180 --> 00:43:15,089 the candidate uses home movies to 719 00:43:15,089 --> 00:43:18,240 portray a successful family man who's 720 00:43:18,240 --> 00:43:21,720 strong and healthy and the proud father 721 00:43:21,720 --> 00:43:27,210 of a war hero son I hope all of you have 722 00:43:27,210 --> 00:43:30,450 as much fun and happiness in your family 723 00:43:30,450 --> 00:43:37,460 life as we do Bush wins the seat 724 00:43:37,510 --> 00:43:41,830 in Massachusetts in 1952 John F Kennedy 725 00:43:41,830 --> 00:43:45,220 is elected to the Senate he marries 726 00:43:45,220 --> 00:43:47,619 Jackie a year later and the young 727 00:43:47,619 --> 00:43:50,530 glamour couple seen here in private home 728 00:43:50,530 --> 00:43:53,440 movies also grasped the political 729 00:43:53,440 --> 00:43:57,550 potential of TV we're going up to Boston 730 00:43:57,550 --> 00:44:00,430 to meet Senator John Kennedy and his 731 00:44:00,430 --> 00:44:01,060 bride 732 00:44:01,060 --> 00:44:06,040 one month after their 1953 wedding JFK 733 00:44:06,040 --> 00:44:09,250 and Jackie invites CBS newsman Edward r 734 00:44:09,250 --> 00:44:11,619 murrow into their home for his interview 735 00:44:11,619 --> 00:44:14,700 show person-to-person 736 00:44:14,700 --> 00:44:17,590 Kennedy reminds the audience of his 737 00:44:17,590 --> 00:44:19,990 heroic war record there's not a model of 738 00:44:19,990 --> 00:44:22,060 your PT boat there yes it is that was 739 00:44:22,060 --> 00:44:24,040 made over at the fourth the Navy Yard 740 00:44:24,040 --> 00:44:26,980 and they show wedding gifts like a 741 00:44:26,980 --> 00:44:28,690 football from Harvard's athletic 742 00:44:28,690 --> 00:44:39,190 department TV gives politicians a new 743 00:44:39,190 --> 00:44:43,300 way to reach the public while some 744 00:44:43,300 --> 00:44:46,119 American Royals are rising others 745 00:44:46,119 --> 00:44:47,540 decline 746 00:44:47,540 --> 00:44:49,610 [Music] 747 00:44:49,610 --> 00:44:54,990 William Randolph Hearst dies in 1951 for 748 00:44:54,990 --> 00:44:56,970 decades he shined a spotlight on those 749 00:44:56,970 --> 00:44:58,740 striving for a place in the nation's 750 00:44:58,740 --> 00:44:59,520 heart 751 00:44:59,520 --> 00:45:03,420 [Music] 752 00:45:04,240 --> 00:45:09,250 1,500 mourners turnout in San Francisco 753 00:45:09,430 --> 00:45:12,859 his five sons follow him as publishers 754 00:45:12,859 --> 00:45:16,489 and businessmen but none captures the 755 00:45:16,489 --> 00:45:18,440 public imagination like the man 756 00:45:18,440 --> 00:45:26,420 nicknamed the chief in 1958 the family 757 00:45:26,420 --> 00:45:28,849 donates the majestic Hearst Castle to 758 00:45:28,849 --> 00:45:31,609 the state of California a quarter 759 00:45:31,609 --> 00:45:33,940 million people still visit each year 760 00:45:33,940 --> 00:45:39,800 [Music] 761 00:45:39,800 --> 00:45:42,140 many of the Vanderbilts continued to 762 00:45:42,140 --> 00:45:45,860 live the high life but with the fortune 763 00:45:45,860 --> 00:45:47,630 scattered among many branches of the 764 00:45:47,630 --> 00:45:51,920 family it's used up fast the Vanderbilts 765 00:45:51,920 --> 00:45:57,040 live on but most of their money is gone 766 00:45:57,070 --> 00:46:02,840 On January 20th 1961 John F Kennedy is 767 00:46:02,840 --> 00:46:05,930 sworn in as president the torch has been 768 00:46:05,930 --> 00:46:09,540 passed to a new generation of Americans 769 00:46:09,540 --> 00:46:11,650 [Music] 770 00:46:11,650 --> 00:46:14,870 JFK's youngest brother Ted fills his 771 00:46:14,870 --> 00:46:17,900 Senate seat which he holds until his 772 00:46:17,900 --> 00:46:21,170 death in 2009 773 00:46:21,170 --> 00:46:23,690 nicknamed the Lion of the Senate he 774 00:46:23,690 --> 00:46:26,269 authors over 300 successful bills and 775 00:46:26,269 --> 00:46:28,490 becomes the standard bearer for the 776 00:46:28,490 --> 00:46:31,029 Kennedy name 777 00:46:31,430 --> 00:46:34,970 in 1962 glamorous first lady Jackie 778 00:46:34,970 --> 00:46:37,549 Kennedy invites America into her home 779 00:46:37,549 --> 00:46:40,430 and she gives a tour of her two million 780 00:46:40,430 --> 00:46:46,609 dollar White House renovation and there 781 00:46:46,609 --> 00:46:49,549 is the beautiful Monroe centerpiece and 782 00:46:49,549 --> 00:46:52,369 his flower of fruit baskets and 783 00:46:52,369 --> 00:46:55,730 candelabra the broadcast is considered 784 00:46:55,730 --> 00:46:58,279 the first primetime documentary ever 785 00:46:58,279 --> 00:47:01,430 targeted at a female audience president 786 00:47:01,430 --> 00:47:03,680 what do you think of the changes she's 787 00:47:03,680 --> 00:47:06,170 made well I think the great effort that 788 00:47:06,170 --> 00:47:09,079 she's made has been to bring us much 789 00:47:09,079 --> 00:47:11,150 more intimately in contact with all the 790 00:47:11,150 --> 00:47:12,740 men who lived here when we were founded 791 00:47:12,740 --> 00:47:16,339 there was a king in France a czar in 792 00:47:16,339 --> 00:47:18,529 Russia and Emperor in Peking all that's 793 00:47:18,529 --> 00:47:20,599 been wiped away and yet this country 794 00:47:20,599 --> 00:47:23,079 continues 795 00:47:23,560 --> 00:47:26,620 America doesn't have hereditary kings 796 00:47:26,620 --> 00:47:30,430 and queens but it has created its own 797 00:47:30,430 --> 00:47:35,380 kind of royalty men and women whose 798 00:47:35,380 --> 00:47:38,770 hunger for success and wealth fascinate 799 00:47:38,770 --> 00:47:41,370 the nation 800 00:47:41,550 --> 00:47:45,800 storied families rise and fall 801 00:47:45,800 --> 00:47:48,230 but the power and glamour of the 802 00:47:48,230 --> 00:47:50,690 Kennedys will tower over the 20th 803 00:47:50,690 --> 00:47:54,760 century their triumphs and tragedies 804 00:47:54,760 --> 00:47:58,270 become legendary 805 00:47:58,550 --> 00:48:04,180 they are the epitome of American royalty 806 00:48:08,440 --> 00:48:13,780 guys this was American in color I 807 00:48:13,780 --> 00:48:16,849 actually bought a few episodes so I'm 808 00:48:16,849 --> 00:48:21,670 going to put I'm gonna get some more so 809 00:48:21,670 --> 00:48:24,500 just wait a few more days I'll probably 810 00:48:24,500 --> 00:48:26,500 install some more in blah blah blah 811 00:48:26,500 --> 00:00:00,000 anyways thanks for watching and bye