Youtube subtitles download by mo.dbxdb.com Youtube subtitles download by mo.dbxdb. com[00:02.05]Professor Amy Hungerford: In light of the艾米 • 亨格福德教授: 鉴于。
fact that I have just sent you paper topics,事实上，我刚刚给你发了一些论文题目。
my lecture today is going to do two things.我今天的讲座要做两件事。
It is going to give you a way into Franny and Zooey,这会让你有机会认识弗兰妮和佐伊。
but it's going to actually give you more than a way into但是它实际上给你提供的不仅仅是。
it. It is really going to give you它真的会给你带来好处。
a whole packaged reading of Franny and Zooey.《弗兰妮和佐伊》的全套阅读材料。
We have just the one day on this novel, and what I'm going我们只有一天的时间写这本小说，我要写什么。
to be doing for you is modeling the way literary critics use为你做的事情就是文学评论家使用的模型。
evidence to advance an argument. It's useful to you when you推进论点的证据。这对你在进行辩论时很有用。
think about writing a paper to remember, if it's been a long考虑一下写一篇论文来记住，如果它是一篇很长的论文。
time since you've written an English paper,自从你写了一篇英语论文以来。
or even if it isn't a long time since you've written an English即使你不是很久没有写过英语了。
paper, that the facts that we, literary critics,文章认为，我们文学评论家。
and you, writers on literature, the facts that we deal with are你们这些文学作家，我们研究的事实是。
the details of the text itself. You may have noticed that I am你可能已经注意到了，我已经把文章的内容写得很详细了。
very fond of reading aloud to you from these novels.非常喜欢朗读这些小说给你听。
I'm very fond of reading out passages.我很喜欢读段落。
I do it a lot. Why do I do it?我经常这样做，为什么要这样做。
Well, there are two reasons, one because I want you to hear有两个原因，一个是因为我想让你听到。
literary art. Literary art is a verbal art,文学艺术文学艺术是一种语言艺术。
and I think too often we only read it silently;我想我们常常只是默默地读它。
probably not since you were children that people read to you自从你们还是孩子的时候，可能就没人给你们读过书了。
so much. So, to get a sense of that,太多了。所以，为了弄清楚这一点，我们来看看。
you have to have it in your ear and feel the sound and the你必须把它放在耳朵里，感受它的声音和声音。
rhythm and the quality, the timbre, the expression of节奏和质量，音色，表达。
the voices that we have in these novels.我们在这些小说中听到的声音。
Our writer for today thinks so highly of that capacity of我们今天的作者对这种能力评价很高。
literature to embody the human voice that he imagines a whole用文学作品来表现他想象中的整个人类的声音。
religious world around him. That's going to be the gist of他周围的宗教世界。这将是。
my argument today. But then, there is a second,我今天的论点。不过，还有第二个。
sort of, less mystical reason, and that's that these are the有点不那么神秘的原因，那就是。
facts of a literary argument, these words that I give to you.文学争论的事实，我给你们的这些话。
It's like, if you're in an astronomy lecture,这就像是，如果你在一个天文学讲座上。
they're going to give you some facts about the composition of a他们会告诉你一些关于 a 的构成的事实。
planet, or its atmosphere, or whatever.行星，或者它的大气层，或者别的什么。
Those are the facts for that field.那是那个领域的事实。
For this field, these are the facts.在这个领域，这些是事实。
So, in your papers, if you find yourself writing所以，在你的论文中，如果你发现自己在写作。
and you get to the end of a page and you look back,当你翻到一页的最后，你回头看。
you scan back over your page, and you see that there are no你回头看一下你的页面，你会发现没有。
quotation marks, you are not using any of the引号，你没有使用任何。
facts of the novel to produce your argument,这部小说的事实来支持你的论点。
to support your claims. So, that's like the eye test,来支持你的观点。所以，这就像是眼睛测试。
the glance test. Are you supporting your claims?一目了然的测试。你是否支持你的说法。
If you have very few quotations, chances are you are如果你有很少的引用，那么你很有可能是的。
not. So, think of this lecture,没有，所以，想想这个讲座。
as I go through it, as a kind of model.作为一个模特，当我经历这一切的时候。
Pay attention to what I'm doing in using these textual bits and注意我在使用这些文本位和。
pieces and putting them together and making claims for them.把它们拼凑起来，然后提出要求。
I do it every week. It just so happens that this我每个星期都这样做，只是碰巧。
argument is more closed, more settled,争论更加结束了，更加稳定了。
in my own mind. It's less of an opening在我自己的心目中，这不是一个开放的机会。
argument than it is something that I want to convince you of.我想说服你们相信的东西。
So, there's a reason for that and that is that I'm writing所以，这是有原因的，那就是我在写作。
about this novel. It's in the introduction to a关于这本小说的，它是在一本小说的序言部分。
book that I'm writing about the literature of this period,我正在写一本关于这个时期文学的书。
and so it's very present to my mind as a sort of piece of a所以在我的脑海中，它就像一块。
larger argument about religion and the American novel in this关于宗教和美国小说的更大争论。
period, so that's what I'm giving you.句号，所以这就是我要告诉你的。
When you approach any novel to make an argument about it,当你接近任何一本小说并对其进行论证时，你就会发现。
if you want to be ambitious, the first thing to think about如果你想要有雄心壮志，首先要考虑的是。
is well, what's obvious about the novel?这本小说有什么明显的地方吗。
What can you observe at first glance about its style,关于它的风格，你第一眼能看出什么。
about its form, about its setting,关于它的形状，关于它的设置。
about its character, about its presuppositions?关于它的性质，关于它的前提。
In Franny and Zooey, what did you notice?在《弗兰妮和佐伊》中，你注意到了什么。
Tell me what you noticed, at first bat,告诉我你一开始注意到了什么。
if any of you have read it. What did you notice about the如果你们有人读过这本书，你们注意到了什么。
novel? Uh huh.Student:小说? 嗯。学生: 。
It doesn't move around very much.它不怎么动。
It just stays in a limited space.Professor Amy它只是停留在有限的空间里。艾米教授。
Hungerford: Absolutely. Confined settings,亨格福德: 绝对的。
very confined settings, absolutely.非常狭窄的环境，绝对的。
Yes. What else?是的，还有呢。
Yes.Student: A lot of是的学生: 很多。
dialog?Professor Amy Hungerford: Lots of dialog,对话? 艾米 • 亨格福德教授: 很多对话。
yes. What else?是的，还有呢。
Uh huh.Student: (inaudible)Professor学生: (听不见)教授。
Amy Hungerford: Yeah, yeah.艾米 • 亨格福德: 是的，是的。
Absolutely. Yeah.当然可以。
There's a back story. You can feel that back story to有一个背景故事，你可以感觉到那个背景故事。
the novel. Yeah.那本小说是的。
What else? What else did you notice?还有什么? 你还注意到什么。
Yes.Student: There's a lot of focus on是的，学生: 这里有很多重点。
like little motions that people do,就像人们做的小动作一样。
like picking up cigarettes and dropping things.Professor就像捡起香烟，扔掉东西一样，教授。
Amy Hungerford: Yeah.艾米 • 亨格福德: 是的。
A lot of attention to physical detail and physical movement,大量的注意力集中在身体细节和身体运动上。
and that's connected to this point about confined spaces.关于密闭空间的这一点。
It's the movement of bodies within confined spaces that这是身体在有限空间内的运动。
really preoccupies this novel. What about the style of the这部小说真正占据了我的全部精力。
novel? You talked about dialog.小说? 你谈到了对话。
Is there anything else about the style that you noticed?你还注意到这个发型还有什么特点吗。
Yes.Student: There's a lot of是的。学生: 有很多。
italics.Professor Amy Hungerford: A lot of艾米 • 亨格福德教授: 有很多。
italics. What does that connote to斜体字，这意味着什么。
you?Student: Trying to convey你呢? 学生: 试图传达。
feeling.Professor Amy Hungerford: Yeah.感觉艾米 • 亨格福德教授: 是的。
Absolutely. A lot of emphasis,当然，非常重要。
a lot of variation in tone, and the italics are part of the音调上有很多变化，斜体字也是。
representation of that. Yeah. What else?那个的代表，是的，还有什么。
Yes.Student: A lot of the dialog seems是的，学生: 很多对话看起来。
to be combative. There's arguing between two好斗的，好斗的两个人之间有争执。
people. Professor Amy人们，艾米教授。
Hungerford: Yes. This is a book about arguments,亨格福德: 是的。这是一本关于争论的书。
absolutely. What are they arguing about当然，他们在争论什么。
most of the time?大部分时间。
All right. Well, that's where I will pick好吧，我就在那里选。
up. Oh, Sarah.起来，哦，莎拉。
Do you want to say? Student:你想说什么? 学生: 。
There are a lot of abstract ideas.Professor Amy有很多抽象的概念。艾米教授。
Hungerford: Yeah. Yeah.亨格福德: 是的，是的。
Absolutely. They are talking about abstract当然，他们在谈论抽象的东西。
intellectual ideas, often religious or知识分子的思想，通常是宗教的或。
philosophical ones, and that, plus its setting:哲学的，还有它的背景:。
I hope you noticed the sort of New Havenish setting of Franny's我希望你注意到了弗兰妮的那种新式的哈维尼斯风格。
breakdown. We're told that Lane isn't故障，我们被告知莱恩不是。
exactly a Yale man, but he sure looks a lot like a确实是耶鲁人，但他看起来确实很像。
Yale English major, dare I say, such an unpleasant我敢说，耶鲁大学英语专业的学生真是令人不快。
character, and so, so pompous.这个角色，如此，如此傲慢. 。
What you do, when you write a paper or try当你写论文或尝试写作时，你会做什么。
to advance an argument, is try to write an argument提出一个论点，就是试着写一个论点。
that will attend to all those things that you guys just said,你们刚才说的那些事情。
that you take the obvious things, and when you craft an你把明显的东西，当你手工制作一个。
argument, the best thing, the most ambitious thing,争论，最好的事，最雄心勃勃的事。
to do is to come up with something where,要做的事情就是想出一个办法。
in the end, you can say something about最后，你可以说一些。
those major aspects. You don't have to do it in the那些主要的方面。你不必在。
paper, but it should be an argument that has something to论文，但是它应该是一个论点。
say back to those obvious things.对那些显而易见的事情再说一遍。
Why is the style this way? Why is the plot working this为什么这种风格是这样的? 为什么情节是这样的。
way? Why are these particular方式? 为什么这些都是特殊的。
characters behaving in this way? Why use those confined spaces?这种行为的角色? 为什么要使用那些封闭的空间。
So, my argument today is going to try to have something所以，我今天的论点是。
to say back to all those obvious aspects that you pointed out so回答你所指出的那些显而易见的方面。
rightly. But I'm going to start from a没错，但我打算从头开始。
much more pointed and local question.更加尖锐和局部的问题。
And this is the other thing that a good short paper这是另一件好的短篇论文。
especially does, is that you don't get at all尤其是，你一点都不明白。
that big stuff by, kind of, taking it head on.那个大家伙，好像，正面攻击..。
You have to come down to the facts that I was talking about,你必须回到我所谈论的事实上来。
the bits of text, the text itself,那些文字，那些文字本身。
the words that author chose; that's where you begin.作者选择的词，就是你开始的地方。
And part of the genius of a strong paper is choosing the一篇优秀论文的天才之处在于它选择了。
place in the text to begin that pointed analysis.在课文中放置那个地方开始那个尖锐的分析。
So, my choice for this is that odd introduction in-between the所以，我的选择是，在这两部电影之间有一个奇怪的介绍。
two stories, and this is on 48 and 49.两层楼，这是48楼和49楼。
This is, we come to find out, Buddy, Zooey's older brother,这是，我们来看看，巴迪，佐伊的哥哥。
narrating the story, and Buddy gives us a little讲述这个故事，巴迪给我们讲了一点。
preamble telling us how the real characters in the story,序言部分告诉我们故事中的真实人物是如何。
the real people who are then characters in his story,那些在他的故事中扮演角色的真实人物。
how they felt about the story and what their objections to it他们对这个故事的看法和反对意见。
were (and this is on 48).曾经是(这是在48号台)。
We find out that Franny objects to the story's distribution in我们发现弗兰妮反对这个故事在英国的传播。
the world or the movie, the prose home movie as Buddy世界或电影，散文家庭电影巴迪。
calls it, because it shows her blowing her nose a lot.因为画面显示她经常擤鼻涕。
His mother, Bessie, objects because it shows her in他的母亲贝西反对，因为这会让她看到。
her housecoat. But Zooey has a more她的家居服。但是祖伊有一件更多的。
substantive objection. It's the leading man,实质性的反对意见，这是领导者的意见。
however, who has made the most eloquent appeal to me to call然而，是谁最有说服力地呼吁我打电话给他。
off the production. (This is in the middle of page从制作部分下来。(这是在第页的中间。
48.) He feels that the plot hinges他觉得情节有转折点。
on mysticism or religious mystification.关于神秘主义或宗教神秘化。
In any case, he makes it very clear,无论如何，他说得很清楚。
a too vividly apparent transcendent element of sorts,这是一种非常生动的、超然的元素。
which he says he's worried can only expedite,他说他担心这只会加速事情的发展。
move up, the day and hour of my professional undoing.往前走，我职业生涯的毁灭日子一天天过去。
People are already shaking their heads over me and any[10:03.00]人们已经为我和其他人摇头了。
immediate further professional use on my part of the word "God"[10:06.27]立即进一步专业地使用“上帝”这个词。
except as a familiar, healthy American expletive will[10:10.09]除了一个熟悉的、健康的美国脏话意志。
be taken or rather confirmed as the very worst kind of name被采用，或者更确切地说被确认为最糟糕的名字。
dropping and a sure sign that I'm going straight to the[10:18.16]下降，这是一个明确的信号，表明我将直接去。
dogs. And then, he speaks back to狗，然后，他回答道。
Zooey. He says, "Well,佐伊，他说: “好吧。
I'm going to still distribute my story.我还是要把我的故事发布出去。
I still want to tell this story," and he does it in a kind我还是想讲这个故事,”他以一种。
of roundabout way. And this is on page 49.迂回的路线，这是在第49页。
Somewhere in The Great Gatsby, which was my Tom在了不起的盖茨比的某个地方，那是我的 Tom。
Sawyer when I was twelve, the youthful narrator remarks索耶在我十二岁的时候，这位年轻的叙述者评论道。
that everybody suspects himself of having at least one of the[10:44.43]每个人都怀疑自己至少有一个。
cardinal virtues and he goes on to say that he thinks his,然后他继续说，他认为他的枢德。
bless his heart, is honesty. Mine, I think,上帝保佑他的心是诚实的，我的心是诚实的。
is that I know the difference between a mystical story and a就是我知道神秘故事和真实故事的区别。
love story. I say that my current offering爱情故事，我说我现在的作品。
isn't a mystical story or a religiously mystifying story at这不是一个神秘的故事，也不是一个宗教神秘化的故事。
all. I say it's a compound or所有的，我说它是一种化合物或者。
multiple love story, pure and complicated.多重的爱情故事，纯洁而复杂。
What Buddy does, in this passage,[11:18.75]在这一段中，巴迪做了什么。
is set up this opposition between his own reading of his在他自己对自己的理解和对自己的理解之间建立了这种对立。
story and Zooey's. Now, why are we given these还有佐伊的故事。现在，为什么给我们这些。
objections? I think it's to give us a反对? 我认为这是给我们一个机会。
dynamic sense of the family conversation going on between[11:33.20]家庭对话的动态感觉。
them, but it also addresses one of those obvious things.他们，但它也解决了其中一个显而易见的问题。
They talk a lot, as Sarah said,正如萨拉所说，他们谈得很多。
they talk a lot about abstract questions, and this puts the[11:44.04]他们谈论了很多抽象的问题。
meaning of the story in that abstract register.在那个抽象的语域中，故事的意思是... ..。
Is it a love story, or is it a religious story,是一个爱情故事，还是一个宗教故事。
a mystifying story? Which is it?一个神秘的故事? 到底是什么。
I am going to argue that it's both.我认为两者都有。
And I'm going to advance that argument by going straight to我将直接进入。
the theological question that Zooey is so intent on solving[12:09.13]佐伊一心想解决的神学问题。
when Franny is having her breakdown in the living room.当弗兰妮在客厅里崩溃的时候。
So, just to review: Franny has her breakdown when那么，我们来回顾一下: 弗兰妮的崩溃发生在。
she comes into what I suspect is New Haven to attend the她来到我怀疑是去纽黑文参加。
Yale-Harvard football game with her boyfriend,[12:30.14]耶鲁-哈佛橄榄球比赛，与她的男朋友。
Lane. So, Franny when she sees Lane,所以，当弗兰妮看到莱恩的时候。
affects great enthusiasm, and so on, but this is what we影响很大的热情，等等，但这就是我们。
hear about Lane from the narrator.从叙述者那里听到关于莱恩的事情。
This is on page 11. Lane was speaking now as这是在第11页。莱茵现在说话的时候。
someone does who has been monopolizing conversation for a有些人一直在独占谈话的时间。
good quarter of an hour or so and who believes he has just hit还有一刻钟左右，谁会相信自己刚刚撞上了。
a stride where his voice can do absolutely no wrong.在他的声音绝对不会出错的地方大步走。
(I always read this and I think, "I'm lecturing.")我总是读着这个，然后想，“我在讲课。”。
"I mean, to put it crudely,'" he was saying,“我的意思是，简单地说,”他说。
"the thing you could say he lacks is testicularity.[13:12.46]“你可以说他缺乏的是超立方体。
You know what I mean?" He was slouched rhetorically你明白我的意思吗?”。
forward toward Franny, his receptive audience,[13:19.61]走向弗兰妮，他的倾听者。
a supporting forearm on either side of his martini.在他的马提尼酒的两边用前臂支撑。
"Lacks what?" Franny said.[13:26.00]“缺少什么?”弗兰妮说。
She had had to clear her throat before speaking.她说话前得清清嗓子。
It had been so long since she had said anything at all.她已经很久没有说过话了。
Lane hesitated. "Masculinity," he said.莱恩犹豫了一下，“男子气概,”他说。
"I heard you the first time." "Anyway, it was the motif of“我第一次听到你说的话。”“不管怎样，这是。
the thing, so to speak, what I was trying to bring out可以这么说，这就是我想要表达出来的东西。
in a fairly subtle way," Lane said, very closely以一种相当微妙的方式,”莱恩非常接近地说。
following the trend of his own conversation.跟随他自己谈话的趋势。
"I mean God. I honestly thought it was going[13:49.16]“我的意思是上帝，我真的以为它要走了。
to go over like a goddamn lead balloon and when I got it back像气球一样飞过去，等我把它拿回来的时候。
with this goddamn A on it in letters about six feet high I上面写着这该死的字母“ a”，大概有六英尺高。
swear I nearly keeled over." Franny again cleared her throat.我发誓我差点晕倒。”弗兰妮又清了清嗓子。
Apparently, her self-imposed sentence of unadulterated good[14:03.66]显然，她自己强加的一句纯粹的好话。
listenership had been fully served.听众席已满座。
"Why?" she asked.“为什么?”她问。
Lane looked faintly interrupted. "Why what?"[14:11.05]莱恩面无表情地打断了他，“为什么? 什么?”。
"Why did you think it was going to go over like a lead balloon?"[14:13.67]“为什么你认为它会像一个铅气球一样坠落?”。
"I just told you. I just got through saying this[14:16.50]“我刚刚告诉过你，我刚刚说完这句话。
guy, Brughman is a big Flaubert man or at least I thought he布鲁曼是个大个子福楼拜，至少我是这么认为的。
was." "Oh," Franny said.“哦,”弗兰妮说。
She smiled. Franny is disgusted by his她笑了笑，弗兰妮对他感到厌恶。
pomposity. This experience,炫耀，浮夸这次经历。
combined with her experience in a religion seminar with this再加上她参加宗教研讨会的经历。
man, Professor Tupper,[14:38.89]伙计，塔珀教授。
at school, has convinced herself that the world is在学校里，她相信这个世界。
superficial, that it's impossible to find表面的，不可能找到的。
anything meaningful in the academic discussion of these对这些问题的学术讨论有任何意义。
pseudo-intellectual problems, the "testicularity" of one[14:56.44]伪智力问题，一个人的“超立方”。
writer or another. And Lane's engagement with不管是作家还是其他作家。
literature, specifically, is all about his ego inflation.具体地说，文学作品都是关于他的自我膨胀的。
So, he can't wait to tell Franny that the professor said所以，他迫不及待地告诉弗兰妮，教授说。
he should try to publish it, and then my favorite thing:他应该试着出版这本书，然后我最喜欢的事情是:。
he wants to read it to her over the football weekend.他想在足球周末的时候读给她听。
"Hey, come, let's read my English essay."[15:26.35]“嘿，过来，让我们读一下我的英语作文。”。
Hello. Student: Hi.你好学生: 你好。
Can I interrupt? We have a couple of singing我能打断一下吗? 我们有几首歌要唱。
valentines. Can we deliver them情人节卡片，我们能送去吗。
now?Professor Amy Hungerford: No,现在吗? 艾米 • 亨格福德教授: 不是。
you can't. Sorry.你不能，对不起。
Student: Thank you.Professor学生: 谢谢，教授。
Amy Hungerford: And I'm worried about艾米 • 亨格福德: 我很担心。
e-mail!电子邮件。
Talk about pricking my pomposity.说到刺伤我的自负... ..。
All right. So, she starts saying the Jesus好吧，她开始说耶稣。
prayer, which is, "Lord Jesus Christ,祷告，也就是“主耶稣基督。
Son of God, have mercy on me, a sinner."神的儿子，可怜我这个罪人。
Now, she has taken this prayer from a book called The Way of现在，她从一本名为《圣经之路》的书中摘录了这段祈祷文。
the Pilgrim. It's a Russian Orthodox朝圣者，是俄罗斯东正教徒。
religious classic, a very old text,宗教经典，非常古老的经文。
and it depicts the life of a pilgrim.它描绘了朝圣者的生活。
And we get the summary of this a little bit in the novel,[16:20.10]我们在小说中得到了一点概括。
as Franny explains it, or tries to explain it,[16:23.63]正如弗兰妮解释或试图解释的那样。
to Lane, who is entirely uninterested.[16:26.48]致莱恩，她对此毫无兴趣。
It is about a man who tries to take seriously the Bible's这是关于一个人试图严肃地对待圣经。
injunction to pray without ceasing, and the prayer for不要停止祷告的禁令，和为... 祷告。
Franny becomes a kind of mantra. She is trying to say it over弗兰妮成了一种咒语，她试图把它说完。
and over again as she goes about in this world that is so她在这个世界上一遍又一遍地走来走去，就是这样。
disappointing to her, feels so false to her.使她失望，对她感到很虚伪。
And so, finally, the strain of trying to hold所以，最后，努力坚持的压力。
out this kind of religious awareness in the face of Lane把这种宗教意识摆在莱茵的面前。
and his English paper is just too much,他的英语论文太多了。
and she faints. Now, Zooey has a big然后她晕倒了。现在，佐伊有了一个很大的。
problem with her use of this prayer, and this is what gives她对这个祷告词的使用存在问题，这就是为什么。
the book that sort of combative tone that we were talking about我们谈论的那种好斗的语气。
a little earlier that somebody mentioned.早些时候有人提到..。
So, if you look on page 169, my question now is,所以，如果你看第169页，我现在的问题是。
in my argument: What is Zooey's critique of在我的论证中: 佐伊对于这个问题的批评是什么。
Franny's use of the prayer? What constitutes that critique?[17:32.20]弗兰妮对祈祷文的使用? 是什么构成了批评。
What's wrong with it?有什么问题吗。
So, on 169, he says to Franny as she's sniveling on the couch:所以，在169年，当弗兰妮在沙发上哭泣时，他对她说:。
"God almighty, Franny," he said.“全能的上帝，弗兰妮,”他说。
"If you're going to say the Jesus prayer,如果你要祷告耶稣,。
at least say it to Jesus and not to Saint Francis and Seymour至少对耶稣说，而不是对圣弗朗西斯和西摩说。
and Heidi's grandfather all wrapped up in one.海蒂的爷爷全身心地投入其中。
Keep Him in mind if you say it, and Him only,如果你这样说，就要记住他，而且只要记住他。
and Him as He was and not as you'd like Him to have been.他就是他，而不是你所希望的那样。
You don't face any facts. This same damned attitude of你不面对任何事实，这种该死的态度。
not facing facts is what got you into this messy state of mind in不面对事实是导致你思想混乱的原因。
the first place, and it can't possibly get you第一个地方，它不可能抓到你。
out of it."? And then, this argument goes on然后，这个争论继续下去。
for a couple of pages, and I'm just going to pick up写了几页，然后我就要接电话了。
the end of it here, on the bottom of 171.在这里的尽头，在171号公路的底部。
He is explaining who Jesus was. "If you don't understand他在解释耶稣是谁，“如果你不明白。
Jesus, you can't understand His prayer.耶稣，你不明白他的祷告。
You don't get the prayer at all. You just get some kind of你根本没有得到祷告，你只是得到了某种。
organized cant. Jesus was a supreme adept,有组织的行话，有组织的行话耶稣是一个至高无上的内行人。
by God, on a terribly important mission.上帝保佑，这是一个非常重要的任务。
This was no Saint Francis with enough time to knock out a few[18:44.92]这不是圣弗朗西斯，他没有足够的时间击倒几个。
canticles or to preach to the birds or do any of the other向鸟儿宣讲或传道，或做任何其他事情。
endearing things so close to Franny Glass's heart.如此贴近弗兰妮 • 格拉斯心灵的可爱事物。
I'm being serious now, goddamit. How can you miss seeing that?我是认真的，该死的，你怎么会看不出来呢。
If God had wanted somebody with Saint Francis's consistently如果上帝一直想要圣方济各这样的人。
winning personality for the job in the New Testament,[19:01.76]《新约全书》中的工作的个性。
He'd have picked him, you can be sure.你可以肯定，他会选他的。
As it was, He picked the best, the smartest,事实上，他挑选了最好的，最聪明的。
the most loving, the least sentimental,最可爱的，最不感伤的。
the most unimitative master He could have possibly picked.他可能挑选的最不善于模仿的大师。
And when you miss seeing that, I swear to you,如果你怀念那种感觉，我向你发誓。
you're missing the whole point of the Jesus prayer."你忽略了耶稣祷告的全部意义。”。
So, Zooey's critique is that Franny is not being specific in所以，佐伊的批评是弗兰妮没有具体说明。
her use of the prayer. She's paying no attention to她祈祷的方式，她根本没注意。
who Jesus was and what it means to actually pray to that figure.[19:34.13]耶稣是谁，向那个人祈祷意味着什么。
But, to anyone paying attention to the other things that Zooey但是，对于任何关注佐伊的其他事情的人。
says and the other things that he does in this novel,他在这部小说中所说的和其他的事情。
this is kind of odd, and it's hard to square.这有点奇怪，而且很难平方。
So, my next kind of question is: How does that very那么，我的下一个问题是: 这是怎么回事。
doctrinally specific understanding of the Jesus[20:00.06]教义上对耶稣的具体理解。
prayer relate to the whole religious education that Buddy[20:04.06]祈祷关系到巴迪所接受的整个宗教教育。
and Seymour gave him, and that he seems to be西摩给了他，他看起来。
thinking so hard about as he reads that letter in the当他读到那封信的时候，他是如此的认真思考。
bathtub? The letter in the bathtub tells浴缸? 浴缸里的字母告诉我们。
us about that education, and let's look on 61.[20:20.70]我们谈谈教育，让我们看看61。
Sorry. That's not exactly the right对不起，不完全对。
page. This is 65.页，这是65页。
I'm sorry.对不起。
In this letter Buddy explains to Zooey what he and Seymour在这封信里，巴迪向佐伊解释了他和西摩。
have been trying to do. "Much,一直在努力做的事情。
much more important though," (Buddy says in the middle of 65)不过，更重要的是,”(巴迪在65页中间说道)。
"Seymour had already begun to believe,[20:59.87]“西摩已经开始相信。
and I agreed with him as far as I was able to see the point,我尽我所能地同意他的观点。
that education by any name would smell as sweet,教育无论叫什么名字闻起来都一样香。
and maybe much sweeter, if it didn't begin with a quest如果不是从探险开始的话，也许会更甜蜜。
for knowledge at all, but with a quest,为了知识，但是为了探索。
as Zen would put it, for no-knowledge.正如禅宗所说，因为没有知识。
Dr. Suzuki says somewhere,铃木博士说。
that to be in a state of pure consciousness,[21:22.42]处于一种纯粹的意识状态。
satori, is to be with God before He said,悟，就是在神说: 以前与神同在。
'Let there be light.' Seymour and I thought it might‘要有光。’西摩和我觉得可能会有。
be a good thing to hold back this light from you and Franny,阻挡这道光线对你和弗兰妮来说是件好事。
at least as far as we were able, and all the many lower,至少在我们力所能及的范围内，还有许多更低的地方。
more fashionable lighting effects--the arts,更时尚的灯光效果——艺术。
sciences, classics, languages--'til you were both科学，经典，语言，直到你们都是。
able at least to conceive of a state of being where the mind至少能够设想出一种心灵。
knows the source of all light."知道所有光的来源。
So, the religious education that Zooey's response to Franny所以，佐伊对弗兰妮的反应是宗教教育。
comes out of, is precisely not a doctrinally出来的，恰恰不是一个教义。
specific Christian education. Rather, it's something more特定的基督教教育，而是更多的东西。
like a Buddhist tradition, a syncretic,就像佛教传统一样，一个融合体。
mystical tradition. The idea is that there is some神秘的传统，神秘的传统，神秘的传统。
state of being with God. Knowledge, all the arts and与上帝同在的状态。知识，所有的艺术和。
sciences, literature, all of the religious writings科学，文学，所有的宗教著作。
of the world are manifestations of that voice that at its origin世界的各个方面都是这种声音的表现，这种声音起源于。
is God saying, "Let there be light."上帝是不是说: “要有光。”。
It's the voice of creation. Seymour and Buddy want Franny这是创造之声，西摩和巴迪想要弗兰妮。
and Zooey to rest at that origin, undistracted by the然后佐伊就在那个起点休息，没有受到那个声音干扰。
manifestations of the creation, and know some kind of创造的表现形式，并且知道某种。
consciousness of God in that place.在那个地方上帝的意识。
So, Zooey, pretty much, subscribes to these tenets,所以，佐伊，很大程度上赞同这些原则。
and you can see it especially on page 175, when he goes into你们可以在第175页上看到。
his brother's old room. Now, let me explain a他哥哥的旧房间。现在，让我解释一下。
detail that I think is important, but I think a little我认为很重要的细节，但我认为有一点。
lost to us in today's world of technology.在今天的科技世界里，我们输给了... ..。
There's a phone in Buddy and Seymour's old room that is a在巴迪和西摩的旧房间里有一部电话。
private internal line, and it just goes from one room私人内线，只能从一个房间拨出。
to another in the apartment; it's not an outside phone line.给公寓里的另一个人打电话，不是外线电话。
And what's interesting about it, and what indicates its它有什么有趣的地方，又有什么表明它。
importance to Buddy, is that Bessie gets on about对巴迪来说，最重要的是贝西能上路。
him getting a phone where he's teaching in upstate New York;他在纽约上州教书的地方接电话;。
he's teaching writing as a visiting writer at a college in他作为访问作家在英国的一所大学教写作。
upstate New York. And Bessie, his mother,纽约上州，还有他的母亲贝西。
keeps saying, "Well, why won't you get a不停地说: “好吧，为什么你不能得到一个。
phone, Buddy? You're paying to maintain this电话，巴迪? 你是付钱来维修这个的。
interior line in our apartment, and yet you won't get a phone."我们公寓的内线，但你却没有电话。
For Buddy, the phone that's within the family compound,给巴迪的电话，是在他家院子里的。
so to speak, family apartment,可以这么说，家庭公寓。
is the more important line of communication.是更重要的交流渠道。
So, when Zooey goes upstairs to use that phone,所以，当佐伊上楼打电话的时候。
it's freighted with all the significance that Buddy has put它承载着巴迪所赋予的所有重要意义。
upon it. But there's a whole ritual但是有一个完整的仪式。
involved in Zooey's entrance into this place.参与了佐伊进入这个地方的事情。
This is on 175.这是在175号公路上。
At the far end of the hall he went into the bedroom he在走廊的尽头，他走进卧室。
had once shared with his twin brothers,曾经和他的双胞胎兄弟一起生活过。
which now, in 1955, was his alone,现在，在1955年，只有他一个人。
but he stayed in his room for not more than two minutes.但是他在房间里呆了不到两分钟。
When he came out, he had on the same sweaty当他出来时，他穿着同样的衣服，汗流浃背。
shirt. There was, however,衬衫，但是，有一件衬衫。
a slight but fairly distinct change in his appearance.他的外貌发生了细微但相当明显的变化。
He had acquired a cigar and lighted it, and for some reason他得到了一支雪茄，然后点燃了它，不知为什么。
he had an unfolded white handkerchief,[25:15.10]他有一块没有折叠的白手帕。
draped over his head, possibly to ward off rain,可能是为了避雨，他把头蒙在头上。
or hail, or brimstone. So, why does he do this?或冰雹，或硫磺。那么，他为什么要这样做呢。
What's the meaning of this little detail of Zooey's佐伊的这个小细节是什么意思。
appearance? Well, one thing that a literary外貌? 好吧，有一件事是文学作品。
argument can do is take something small like this and参数能做的就是把这样的小东西。
try to give an account for it, so that's what I'm going to do.试着解释一下，这就是我要做的。
He's venerating the room that Seymour and Buddy occupied.他在崇拜西摩和巴迪住的那个房间。
He's covering his head in a traditional religious fashion,他用传统的宗教方式把头蒙起来。
so in order to enter this holy place he covers his head.所以为了进入这个神圣的地方，他遮住了自己的头。
(The cigar? I don't have an account of that.雪茄? 我对此没有任何记录。
You guys figure that out. That's the other nice thing[26:00.40]你们自己想办法，这是另一件好事。
about literary arguments. There are always little details关于文学争论，总是有一些细节。
that they don't account for, and that's the loose thread他们没有考虑到的因素，这就是松散的线索。
that you can pull to make your own.) And so,你可以拉动它来做你自己的。
what does he find when he goes in to this holy space?当他进入这个神圣的地方时，他发现了什么。
Well, he finds two panels of beaver board,嗯，他找到两块海狸板。
on 178,179, and they have the quotations that Seymour and178,179，他们引用了。
Buddy have collected from all their favorite religious,巴迪从他们最喜欢的宗教活动中收集了。
philosophical, mystical, literary reading,哲学的、神秘的、文学的阅读。
and I'd like you just to think about one of them.我希望你只考虑其中的一个。
So this is the bottom of 178. This is from Sri Rama Krishna.这是178页的底部。这是室利罗摩克里希纳写的。
"Sir, we ought to teach the people that they are doing“先生，我们应该教育人们他们正在做的事情。
wrong in worshipping the images and pictures in the temple."在寺庙里崇拜图像是错误的。
Rama Krishna: "That's the way with you罗摩 • 克里希纳: “你就是这样。
Calcutta people. You want to teach and preach.加尔各答人，你们想要教导和传道。
You want to give millions when you are beggars yourselves.当你们是乞丐的时候，你们想捐出几百万。
Do you think God does not know that He is being worshipped in你以为神不知道他被人敬拜吗。
the images and pictures? If a worshipper should make a图像和图画? 如果一个礼拜者应该做一个。
mistake, do you not think God will know his intent?"你以为神不知道他的旨意吗?”。
This is, I think one, of the best examples of that我认为这是最好的例子之一。
syncretic view of religion, that basically all worshippers[27:29.43]融合的宗教观，基本上所有的崇拜者。
are worshipping the same god. They may do it in different他们崇拜的是同一个神，可能用不同的方式。
forms; they may make mistakes;表格，表格他们可能会犯错误。
they may be mistaken about where God resides.他们可能弄错了上帝居住的地方。
But, in this view, God is so powerful and so但是，从这个观点来看，上帝是如此的强大。
transcendent that God will know the heart of the worshipper.先验的，超然的，使神知道敬拜者的心。
So, if you apply that back to Franny, why does Zooey have this那么，如果你把这个应用到弗兰妮身上，佐伊为什么会有这个。
difficulty? Why does he have this困难? 为什么他有这个。
difficulty in the specificity of her prayer?难道她的祷告不够具体吗。
What is it that is bothering him?什么事使他烦恼。
Well, I think you begin to get an answer to this tension好吧，我想你开始得到这种紧张关系的答案了。
between specific doctrine and syncretic religion when Zooey特定的教义和融合的宗教之间的区别。
gets to the subject of acting, which is what this second到了表演的主题，这就是第二个主题。
attempt at speaking to Franny, this time over the phone,尝试与弗兰妮通话，这次是通过电话。
is concerned with. There is a detail here of这里有一个关于... 的细节。
course that Zooey, in making a second attempt to当佐伊第二次尝试。
converse with Franny about this, impersonates his brother,和弗兰妮谈论这个问题，冒充他的哥哥。
Buddy, on the phone. Now I'm just going to leave巴迪，我在打电话，现在我要走了。
that observation, remind you of that.那个观察，提醒了你。
I have a way to account for that, but it's going to take to我有一个方法来解释这个问题，但是这需要。
the end of my argument to do that,我这样做的论据结束了。
so I'm going to argue that that's significant,所以我认为这很重要。
but I'm not going to talk about why it's significant yet.但是我现在还不打算谈论它为什么重要。
But let's look at that theology of acting.但是，让我们来看看行动的神学。
This is on page 198.这在第198页上。
This is coming towards the climax of their conversation.这是他们谈话的高潮部分。
Part of what's been bothering Franny is her frustration with使弗兰妮烦恼的部分原因是她对一些事情感到沮丧。
acting, and that's one of the things that Lane is so surprised表演，这就是莱恩感到非常惊讶的事情之一。
she has given up; it was the only thing she was她已经放弃了，那是她唯一的归宿。
passionate about. And we know--from reading对... 充满热情，我们从阅读中知道。
Buddy's letter over Zooey's shoulder in the bathtub--we know在浴缸里，巴迪的信越过佐伊的肩膀——我们知道。
that Zooey had similar concerns about his own acting career,佐伊对自己的演艺生涯也有类似的担忧。
his own commitment to acting that Buddy tried to persuade him他自己对演戏的承诺，巴迪试图说服他。
out of. "You can say the Jesus你可以说耶稣。
prayer" (Zooey says to Franny), "from now 'til doomsday,祈祷”(佐伊对弗兰妮说) ，“从现在开始，直到世界末日。
but if you don't realize that the only thing that counts in但是如果你没有意识到唯一重要的事情。
the religious life is detachment,宗教生活是超脱的。
I don't see how you'll ever even move an inch.我看不出你怎么能动一下。
Detachment, buddy, and only detachment,分离，伙计，只有分离。
desirelessness, cessation from all hankering.无欲望，停止一切渴望。
It's this business of desiring. If you want to know the goddam这是欲望的问题，如果你想知道这该死的东西的话。
truth, that makes an actor in the first place.真理，那才是演员的首要条件。
Why are you making me tell you things you already know?你为什么要让我告诉你你已经知道的事情。
Somewhere along the line in one damn incarnation or another,在这条路上的某个地方，在某个该死的化身或者另一个，。
if you like, you not only had a hankering to如果你喜欢的话，你不仅渴望。
be an actor or an actress, but to be a good one.不管是演员还是男演员，都要做个好演员。
You're stuck with it now. You can't just walk out on the你现在已经深陷其中了，你不能就这样走出去。
results of your own hankerings. Cause and effect,你自己追求的结果，因果关系。
buddy, cause and effect. The only thing you can do now,伙计，因果关系。你现在唯一能做的就是。
the only religious thing you can do, is act.你唯一能做的宗教事情就是行动。
Act for God if you want to, be God's actress if you want如果你愿意为上帝行事，如果你愿意就做上帝的演员。
to. What could be prettier?" 还有什么能比这更漂亮呢?”。
Zooey has this understanding of the cosmos that suggests that佐伊对宇宙的理解表明。
strong, specific human desires actually change the course of强烈的、特定的人类欲望实际上改变了。
cosmic futures. So somewhere,宇宙的未来。所以在某个地方。
maybe in pre-incarnational time before Franny became Franny,也许是在弗兰妮成为弗兰妮之前的时代。
she wanted to be an actress. The religious thing Zooey says她想成为一名演员，佐伊说的那些虔诚的话。
is to inhabit that, to honor that,就是居住在那里，尊重那里。
to follow up on the results of that prior desiring.跟进先前的愿望的结果。
But why is it acting? Why specifically acting and why但它为什么要演戏呢? 为什么要专门演戏，为什么要演戏呢。
this weird comment at the end, "What could be prettier?"结尾处有个奇怪的评论: “还有什么能比这更漂亮呢?”。
What does prettiness have to do with this?漂亮和这个有什么关系。
Well, if you look at the description, for instance,例如，如果你看一下描述。
of Zooey's face, there's a beautiful description佐伊的脸上有一个美丽的描述。
of how his face is beautiful, in what way his face is他的面貌如何美丽，他的面貌如何美丽。
beautiful. We know that Franny is an美丽的，美丽的我们知道弗兰妮是一个。
attractive young woman. We know that she worries about有魅力的年轻女子。我们知道她担心。
beauty, and especially in poetry.美丽，尤其是在诗歌中。
When she's trying to explain what's wrong,当她试图解释出了什么问题时,。
part of what's wrong is that when she learns poetry in the问题的部分原因在于，当她在学校里学习诗歌时。
classroom none of it seems beautiful to her;教室对她来说没有一件事是美丽的。
it all seems like some other kind of production,这一切看起来像是另一种生产方式。
not the production of beauty. So prettiness,不是美丽的产物。
beauty, the aesthetic is at the heart of the spiritual practice美，审美是修行的核心。
that Zooey is urging upon Franny, the spiritual practice佐伊敦促弗兰妮进行精神修行。
of acting. And I would remind you,我要提醒你们,。
looking back to that passage on page 65 and into the 66,回头看第65页的那一段，再看第66页。
that specifically among the figures that Buddy mentions,巴迪特别提到的数字中。
the religious and literary figures,宗教和文学界的人物。
we find Shakespeare. And I think Shakespeare in this我们发现了莎士比亚，我认为莎士比亚就是其中之一。
train of figures represents the literary that is also the一连串的数字代表了文学，也是文学的一部分。
dramatic. So, in our tradition戏剧性的。所以，按照我们的传统。
Shakespeare is the literary name above all others.莎士比亚是最重要的文学名字。
It's important for Salinger that Shakespeare was a[33:05.41]对塞林格来说，莎士比亚是一个重要的人物。
dramatist. It's important for this novel剧作家，剧作家这对这部小说很重要。
that Shakespeare was a dramatist, not just because[33:14.48]莎士比亚是个剧作家，不仅仅是因为。
Zooey wants Franny to inhabit acting fully as her desire and佐伊希望弗兰妮完全按照自己的意愿去演戏。
as her religious practice as opposed to saying the Jesus作为她的宗教实践，而不是说耶稣。
prayer. Acting has a deeper relation to祈祷，祷告，表演和祈祷有更深的关系。
the novel and here's where we get back to that question of小说，这里我们回到这个问题。
being in closed spaces and the lack of movement.处在封闭的空间里，行动不便。
If you think about this novel, it has the structures of如果你仔细想想这部小说，它的结构是。
drama. It takes place in small rooms.戏剧在小房间里发生。
If you begin to think about it, you can almost see the set如果你开始思考这个问题，你几乎可以看到布景。
changes: in the diner, on the train station.在餐馆里，在火车站里。
That's about the most open place, on the train platform.那差不多是火车站台上最开放的地方。
That's about the most open place we see.那是我们看到的最开放的地方。
In the diner, in the apartment:在餐馆里，在公寓里。
all you do in the apartment is move from one room to another.你在公寓里所做的就是从一个房间搬到另一个房间。
These are dramatic spaces. Moreover, the bathroom:这些都是引人注目的空间。此外，浴室:。
completely a dramatic space. It even has a curtain hiding完全是一个充满戏剧性的空间，甚至还有一个窗帘遮挡。
Zooey from his mother. Acting becomes a religious祖伊从他的母亲那里得到了教育。表演变成了宗教。
practice for much more than Franny, not just for Franny and不仅仅是为了弗兰妮，而是为了更多的人练习。
for Zooey 'cause Zooey's an actor too.因为佐伊也是个演员。
It's a religious practice for the novel itself.这是对小说本身的一种宗教实践。
And that, I would suggest to you, is where we can begin to我建议你们，这就是我们可以开始的地方。
bring some of those obvious things: the prevalence of带来一些显而易见的事实:。
dialog, those enclosed spaces,[34:51.64]对话框，那些封闭的空格。
the tone, the exaggerated tone, the somewhat histrionic语气，夸张的语气，有点戏剧性的语气。
quality, the combativeness of that质量，好斗的品质。
conversation, its sheer style.谈话，这是纯粹的风格。
These are great talkers! But, I would suggest to这些人都是很健谈的人，但是，我建议你。
you, Salinger is trying to balance something very你，塞林格正在努力平衡一些事情。
carefully, that relates back to this仔细地，仔细地，仔细地，仔细地，仔细地。
question of doctrine versus syncretism in the religious教义与宗教融合的问题。
sphere of the novel, in the religious thematic小说的范围，宗教主题。
material of the novel. And, for this,这部小说的素材。而且，为了这个,。
I'd like to look at the very end of the novel.我想看看这本小说的最后一部分。
Zooey finally suggests that it's attention to the audience佐伊最后建议观众注意听。
that makes an actor really a special actor,这使得一个演员真正成为一个特别的演员。
a religious actor, and he points back to advice一个宗教演员，他指着一些建议。
that Buddy gave him about--sorry,巴迪给他的... ... 对不起。
that Seymour had given him--about performing on a radio西摩给他的关于在收音机上表演的建议。
show. So, they were all radio show那么，他们都是电台节目。
whiz kids, and one day Zooey had not wanted to shine his shoes神童们，有一天佐伊不想给自己擦鞋了。
and says--this is on page 200--that:然后说，这是在第200页。
"The announcer was a moron, the studio audience were[36:15.76]“播音员是个白痴，现场的观众是。
all morons, the sponsors were morons,所有的白痴，赞助商都是白痴。
and I just damn well wasn't going to shine my shoes for我真他妈的不想把我的鞋子擦得太亮。
them, I told Seymour. I said they couldn't see them我告诉西摩，我说他们看不见。
anyway where we sat. He said to shine them anyway.不管我们坐在哪里，他说无论如何都要照亮它们。
He said to shine them for the Fat Lady."他说要把它们擦亮给胖夫人看。
Now, why the Fat Lady? It's this mythical,那么，为什么是胖夫人呢。
incredibly humanly embodied-- whenever you see a fat lady in a无论何时，只要你看到一个胖女人穿着一件。
novel, one of the first things you小说，你最先要做的事情之一。
want to ask is: why does that person need to be我想问的是: 为什么那个人需要。
excessively embodied? That's what fatness is in a过分体现? 这就是肥胖的含义。
novel like this. It's excessive embodiment,像这样的小说，它是过度的化身。
the human. That's what this woman人类，那就是这个女人。
represents, the human. Connect to the human audience;代表人类，与人类的听众联系起来。
respect the human audience. Act for them, to them.尊重人类听众，为他们表演，为他们表演。
Don't act as if they are just some bunch of Philistines out不要表现得好像他们只是一群非利士人。
there who can't appreciate your art.那些不懂欣赏你艺术的人。
And then he says to Franny:? "I'll tell you a terrible然后他对弗兰妮说: “我要告诉你一件可怕的事。
secret. Are you listening to me?秘密，你在听我说话吗。
There isn't anyone out there who isn't Seymour's Fat Lady.没有人不是西摩尔的胖夫人。
That includes your Professor Tupper, buddy,那包括你的塔珀教授，伙计。
and all his goddamn cousins by the dozens.还有他那些该死的表兄弟们。
There isn't anyone anywhere who isn't Seymour's Fat Lady.在任何地方，没有一个人不是西摩的胖夫人。
Don't you know that? Don't you know that goddamn你不知道吗? 你他妈的不知道吗。
secret yet? And don't you know--Listen to还没有秘密吗? 你难道不知道——听我说。
me, now. Don't you know who the Fat Lady你不知道那个胖女人是谁吗。
really is? Ah, buddy.真的吗? 啊，伙计。
Ah, buddy, it's Christ Himself, Christ Himself,啊，伙计，是基督本人，基督本人。
buddy." This seems like a completely这看起来像是一个完全的。
Christian answer to Zooey's problem, and we're back on the基督徒回答佐伊的问题，我们又回到了。
horns of that dilemma. Is this a syncretic religious进退两难的角，这是宗教的融合吗。
vision, or is it a Christian one?愿景，还是基督徒的愿景。
But look what follows. This is not the last word.但是看看下面，这不是最后一个词。
For joy, apparently, it was all Franny为了高兴，显然全是弗兰妮的功劳。
could do to hold the phone even with both hands.2. 即使用双手也不能握住电话。
For a foolish half minute or so there was no other words,在愚蠢的半分钟左右的时间里，我没有别的话可说。
no further speech, then "I can't talk anymore,没有更多的演讲了，然后“我不能再说了，我不能再说了。
buddy." The sound of a phone being巴迪。”电话的声音。
replaced on its catch followed. Franny took in her breath接着又换上了新的轮胎，弗兰妮吸了一口气。
slightly but continued to hold the phone to her ear.稍微，但继续把电话放在耳边。
A dial tone of course followed the formal break in the正式休息之后，当然是拨号音。
connection. She appeared to find it连接，联系她似乎找到了。
extraordinarily beautiful to listen to, rather as if it were听起来非常美妙，仿佛听起来非常美妙。
the best possible substitute for the primordial silence原始寂静的最佳替代品。
itself. The dial tone is that state of本身。拨号音是指。
awareness of the divine that Buddy speaks of when he says-[38:53.49]意识到巴迪说话时所说的神圣。
when he speaks of being with God before God said,当他在神面前谈到与神同在的时候，他说:。
"Let there be light." Zooey's voice breaking that“要有光。”佐伊的声音破坏了这一点。
dial tone in the beginning in his phone call,在他的电话开始的时候，拨号音。
and then the resumption of it afterwards,然后再重新开始。
that dial tone encases Zooey's voice, so that what Zooey says那拨号音把佐伊的声音包住了，所以佐伊说的话。
to her is one of the rays of light of God's creation,对她来说，是上帝创造的光芒之一。
one of those things, like Shakespeare,其中之一，就像莎士比亚。
that is part of the whole created world,那是整个被创造的世界的一部分。
but what Franny can tune into, after hearing his voice,但是弗兰妮听到他的声音后，可以收听到的是。
is that very essential divine sound,那是非常重要的神圣的声音吗。
meaningless sound. And so, this is how Salinger毫无意义的声音，这就是塞林格。
balances the syncretic, the sort of empty mysticism of[39:43.31]平衡了融合，那种空洞的神秘主义。
Seymour and Buddy, with the embodied,[39:48.59]西摩和巴迪。
doctrinal, specific insistence that we see from Zooey,[39:52.41]我们从佐伊身上看到的教义和具体的坚持。
from the insistence on human specificity,由于对人类特异性的坚持。
the Fat Lady, the very material human fleshly[40:01.78]脂肪女士，人类肉体中最物质的部分。
person. Salinger's own novel performs塞林格自己的小说在这里上演。
in this way, and that's how you would want to think about用这种方式，这就是你要考虑的。
moments like on the bottom of 180.[40:18.03]就像在180年的底部。
This is describing the bedroom of Seymour and Buddy as Zooey这是把西摩和巴迪的卧室描述成佐伊的样子。
walks in. A stranger with a flair走进来的是一个有本事的陌生人。
for cocktail party descriptive prose might have commented that[40:35.35]对于鸡尾酒会的描述性散文，可能会评论说。
the room, at a quick glance,这个房间，一眼就能看出。
looked as if it had once been tenanted by two struggling它看起来好像曾经被两个挣扎的人租住过。
twelve-year-old lawyers or researchists.十二岁的律师或研究员。
And then if you flip back to--let's see--172 describing然后如果你翻回到 -- 让我们看看 -- 172描述。
Zooey's sweaty shirt, "His shirt was,佐伊汗津津的衬衫说: “他的衬衫是... ..。
in the familiar phrase, wringing wet."[40:59.44]用我们熟悉的话来说，湿透了。
And there are lots of moments like this, self-conscious有很多这样的时刻，很自我意识。
moments of style. So, "in the familiar phrase,风格的瞬间，所以，“用我们熟悉的话来说,。
'wringing wet,'" he's saying, "I'm about to use a“湿透了,”他说，“我正要用一个。”。
cliché. Here it is. There it is."陈词滥调，就是这个，就是这个。
He says someone with a flair for cocktail party conversation,他说一个有鸡尾酒会谈话天分的人。
a witticism, would say this.[41:22.34]一句俏皮话会这样说。
He gives it to us, but he frames it as an他赐给我们，却把它说成是。
affectation of style. So, what Salinger,装模作样的风格。那么，塞林格。
I think, shows us is that affectation, without something我认为，向我们展示的是那种矫揉造作，没有任何东西。
like love, is just affectation, and that's what Lane[41:38.30]就像爱情一样，只是装模作样，这就是莱恩所说的。
represents. That's the affectation of代表，象征，象征，表示，象征，象征。
literature without any human connection.没有任何人情味的文学作品。
That's why when he talks on and on, it's as if Franny isn't even这就是为什么当他滔滔不绝地讲个不停时，好像弗兰妮根本就不是。
there listening to him. He's been going on a quarter听他说话，他一直在说话。
hour, and he's just hitting his stride.1小时后，他的步伐开始加快。
Franny, Zooey, Buddy, Bessie:弗兰妮，祖伊，巴迪，贝西。
they all try to speak directly to each other.他们都试图直接对彼此说话。
The family language is what makes them very human;[42:12.88]家庭语言使他们非常人性化。
they embody this very specific family language.And so,[42:18.84]他们体现了这种非常特殊的家庭语言。
I would argue to you that Salinger imagines literature as[42:23.47]我要告诉你，塞林格把文学想象成。
a performance of this kind, a performance of a language of这种表演，这种语言的表演。
family love that is nevertheless also an aesthetic language.尽管如此，家庭之爱也是一种美学语言。
And I think, actually, probably the best事实上，我认为这可能是最好的。
image of that is in Seymour's diary.在西摩的日记里有这样的描述。
When Zooey sits down to make that phone call,当佐伊坐下来打电话的时候。
he opens up Seymour's diary and he sees Seymour's account of his他打开了西摩的日记，看到了西摩关于他的日记。
birthday celebration, where the family had put on a庆祝生日的地方，这家人在那里举行了一次庆祝活动。
vaudeville show right in their living room.杂耍表演就在他们的客厅里。
Remember, his parents are vaudevillians.记住，他的父母是杂耍演员。
And that description, which I won't read just because还有那段描述，我不会去读，因为。
we're running out of time, it's on 181 and 182.我们没时间了，在181号和182号公路上。
You can look at it yourself. It's brimming with pleasure and你可以自己看，里面充满了快乐。
love. This is why Buddy really can't爱，这就是为什么巴迪真的不能。
insist that Zooey is wrong about this being a religious novel,坚持认为佐伊说这是一部宗教小说是错误的。
because being a religious novel and being a love story are因为作为一部宗教小说和一个爱情故事。
finally for Salinger the same thing.最后，塞林格也是这样。
It's the performance of human connection.这是人际关系的表现。
That's the phone line; that's conversation;那是电话线，那是对话。
that's letters. The performance of family那是信，家庭的表现。
conversation is like acting, and that is why Zooey对话就像表演，这就是为什么佐伊。
impersonates Buddy; he's acting.模仿巴迪，他在演戏。
But Franny can hear the specific voice,但是弗兰妮可以听到特定的声音。
and this is when you know that Franny is not just a sort of[44:05.25]这时你就知道弗兰妮不仅仅是一个。
empty air head. She may be mistaken about who空虚的头脑。她可能搞错了。
she's praying to in the Jesus prayer, but she damn well knows她在向耶稣祷告，但她非常清楚。
the timbre of her brother's voice and his particularity of她哥哥声音的音色和他的特质。
speech. And so, when he tries to因此，当他试图。
imitate Buddy, she finds him out very quickly.模仿巴迪，她很快就发现他了。
And this is when you know that Franny really does benefit from[44:28.30]这时候你就知道弗兰妮真的受益于。
Seymour and Buddy's religious education in the same way that[44:33.13]西摩和巴迪的宗教教育也是这样。
Zooey has. And so, if we step back for祖伊做到了，所以，如果我们退后一步。
a minute now from my reading, there are a couple of things I现在从我的阅读开始，有几件事是我必须要做的。
want to say. First of all,我想说的是，首先。
I hope you can see, using that as a model,我希望你能看到，以此为模型。
how I went from big claims about the novel into specificity我是如何从对小说的大声疾呼变得更具体的。
to support those claims. That's the structure of any为了支持这些说法，这就是任何一个国家。
good literary argument. The attention moves from the[45:01.94]很好的文学论证。
very small to the large and back again.从小到大，然后再回来。
There is a kind of rhythm to that, that folds in those[45:10.15]这里有一种节奏，这种节奏可以折叠在。
obvious parts of the novel to a more thematic set of concerns,[45:13.88]这部小说明显的部分更多地关注主题。
in this case about the religious philosophy of this在这个案例中，关于这种宗教哲学。
novel. So, as you think about writing小说，所以，当你考虑写作的时候。
papers, go through that two-step process of thinking about the论文，通过这两个步骤来思考。
large picture of what a novel is doing as a piece of literary一部小说作为一部文学作品的作用的大图。
art, and then thinking about a艺术，然后思考一个问题。
focused set of concerns. And, in the final development重点关注的一系列问题，并且，在最后的开发中。
of your paper, making sure that those two can确保这两个人可以。
relate to one another. The second thing I want to say我想说的第二件事是。
is less about paper writing, and more about the trajectory与其说是论文写作，不如说是轨迹。
of this course and what we're seeing in common between these我们看到的这些课程的共同点。
novels. So, you can read this very小说，所以，你可以读这本书。
closely to On the Road. If Dean cared for "nothing如果迪恩在乎的是“没什么”，那么他就不会在乎。
but for everything in principle," you could say,但从原则上来说,”你可以说。
conversely, that Salinger cares for everything in particular,[46:10.07]相反，塞林格特别关心每一件事。
and in principle, nothingness.原则上，什么都没有。
It's nothingness that is the mystical state rather than[46:21.28]虚无是神秘的状态，而不是。
everythingness. And it's interesting to think所有的东西都是有意思的。
about whether those two are really opposites.关于那两个人是否真的相反的问题。
I think these novels imagined them to be opposites,[46:34.46]我认为这些小说把他们想象成对立面。
but it's something for you to think about, about whether they但这是你需要考虑的事情，关于他们是否。
really are. So, Zooey's specificity is the所以，佐伊的特异性是。
specificity of doctrine, but it's also the specificity原则的特殊性，但也是特殊性。
and more importantly the specificity of person.[46:51.67]更重要的是，人的特殊性. 。
So that's the everything that he cares about,这就是他所关心的一切。
person. I will stop there,人，我会在这里停下来。
and please bring both On the Road and Franny and Zooey请把《在路上》和《弗兰妮和佐伊》都带来。
to section this week. And, by the way,这个星期我们要把这篇文章分成几部分，顺便说一下,。
one last thing: If you've been sketchy about还有最后一件事: 如果你不知道。
your section attendance, I suggest that you try to pull你的考勤部分，我建议你尽量拉。
up your socks and go. We will be talking about papers收拾好你的袜子走吧，我们要谈论论文了。
in the section. It will be helpful to you,在这一部分，它会对你有所帮助。
and it will also give you a chance to talk about these这也会给你们一个机会来讨论这些问题。