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refluxing South both the above problems by allowing
chemist Tahiti reaction at its boiling point without any materials evaporating
but any containers exploding refocusing works by heating the solution to blaring
and condensing the resulting paper by continuous cooling
because approximately eighty percent up all organic reactions involve reflecting
this technique is an important one to understand to carry out a reflux
you will need a quick drink a round bottom flask
a stir plate and stir bar or boiling stones
a condenser crease a ring stand
to extension cramps with fasteners two pieces up in wild rubber tubing
3 hose clips a heating mantle and in-ring
and a very ac the first step refluxing involves choosing an appropriate solvent
a good reflex insolvent what is up all a very agents but not react with them
and it will play let a temperature high enough to allow the reaction to proceed
rapidly
after choosing your solvent is up I love the agents in it and transfer the
solution to a round bottom flask
the round bottom flask should be no more than half full
thank at either Esther Baraka blowing stones to the solution to avoid bumping
something is the eruption up large bubbles from a solution
due to Super heating which results in material loss are
even a fire magnetic stirrers disallow bumping because they create turbulence
in the solution
which disrupts the large bubbles boiling stones are also able to disrupt the
large bubbles
because these porous materials produced a steady stream of fine
air bubbles when he did in a solvent always play spoiling stones in the
solution before heating
if boiling stones are added to a hot solution
the liquid may instantaneously boiler shootout at the flask
to assemble the reflex apparatus cramped round bottom flask containing your
sample touring stand
lightly greased the mayo and if the condenser and attach it to the round
bottom flask
attach the water inlet tube into the bottom connection
and the water outlet tube into the tap connection secure the tubing with hose
clips
to prevent the tubes from popping off and flooding the lab due to pressure
changes
in the water secure in appropriately sized heating mantle and in-ring below
the flask
if you do not have an appropriately sized heating mantle
then use one that is too big never use a heating mantle that is too small
because he is not used to be transferred between the mantle in class to chip or
contact
which causes the mantle to burn out at The Mentalist too big for the flask
then add sand to fill in the spaces finally
plenty heating mantle into a variable voltage transformer
are very ac never directly into the wall
before starting the reflux make sure that the apparatuses
open at the top the condenser never heat a closed system
because the pressure build-up may cause an explosion to reflex reaction
double check that all the joints are secured with post clips and start the
water flow
slowly increase the setting and the very act until the solution begins a gentle
boil
you'll see a ring a vapor condensate form above the solution
this paper enters the condenser cool off
and the resulting liquid drops back into the flask carefree and just be mounted
heat that is delivered to the solution
so that the ring and condensate stabilizes about halfway up the
condenser
if the ring is too high sample may be lost out in the condenser
if the ring is too low than the reaction will occur
over to longer the time period after the reflexes finished
remove the heat that the round bottom flask cool
and shut off the water during a laboratory experiences
you may need to run your reflex under dry conditions to accomplish this
simply place a clean dry dry in tibet the Tappan the condenser
this giant chip allows the system to be open
while preventing the atmosphere from reaching your solution alternatively
insert at T connector and that Apple the condenser
and connect the other 2 I'm said the connector to and neck surgeon source
and the public you may also wish to add reagents to your solution while the
reflex is occurring
to accomplish this edition you'll need
and addition funnel which is a separate or a final but the ground glass joint
a class tap it it's the final and clays an adapter
simply fit the craze an adapter and Tappan the round bottom flask
attach the condenser to the joint directly above the round bottom flask
and attach the addition funnel to the side I'm remember to Greece how the
joint
alternatively you may use of three neck flask in place
above the sink in that class can create an adapter just remember to place a
rubber septum
and the remaining neck up the flask if you're a dish in fine art does not have
a pressure equalizing I'm
then you must periodically remove the glass stopper to break the vacuum
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