THIS MONUMENT PUT A NEW FACE ON THE CIVIL WAR, 这个纪念碑在南北战争中为我们带来了一个新面孔。
THIS MONUMENT PROPELLED US INTO THE MODERN AGE, 这个纪念碑使我们进入了现代社会，成为了现代社会的一种象征。
AND THIS MONUMENT BROKE ALL OF THE RULES. 这一纪念碑打破了所有的规则。
ALL OF THESE MADE THE LIST 所有的这些都列在了清单上
OF 10 MONUMENTS THAT CHANGED AMERICA. 这10个历史遗迹改变了美国。
I'M GEOFFREY BAER, AND I'LL BE YOUR GUIDE. 我是GEOFFREY BAER，我是你的向导。
AS WE DISCOVER THE HIDDEN MEANING 当我们发现隐藏的含义的时候……
BEHIND THE STATUE OF LIBERTY 在自由女神像的后面。
AND THE REAL REASON THEY BUILT MOUNT RUSHMORE. 他们建造了拉什莫尔山，这是他们的真正原因。
DAVID: THEY'VE HAVE TO SEE IT AS THEY TOUR AMERICA. 大卫：他们在游览美国时一定要看一看。
IT'S A BUCKET LIST ITEM. 这是一个遗愿清单项目。
GEOFFREY: WE'LL EXPLORE THE BASEMENT OF ONE MONUMENT 杰弗里：我们会去探索一座纪念碑的地下室。
AND THE ATTIC OF ANOTHER. 和另一个阁楼的阁楼。
SO WHY ARE THERE STAIRS INSIDE THE MONUMENT? 那为什么纪念碑里有楼梯呢？
BECAUSE THERE WERE NO ELEVATORS, GEOFFREY, IN 1825. 因为没有电梯，杰弗里，在1825年。
GEOFFREY: AND WE CONSIDER A TYPE OF MONUMENT, 杰弗里：我们考虑的是纪念碑的类型，它的类型。
THAT'S TOUCHED OFF A HEATED DEBATE. 这一点在激烈的辩论中被触动了。
FIND OUT WHICH MONUMENTS MADE THE LIST 找出哪些纪念碑是由这些纪念碑组成的。
OF 10 MONUMENTS THAT CHANGED AMERICA. 这10个历史遗迹改变了美国。
NOW LET'S VISIT 10 MONUMENTS THAT CHANGED AMERICA 现在让我们参观10个改变美国的纪念碑
IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER. 按时间顺序排列的。
STARTING WITH A MONUMENT 从纪念碑开始
THAT MIGHT LOOK FAMILIAR, AT FIRST. 乍一看，这可能看起来很眼熟。
NO, IT'S NOT THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 不，它不是华盛顿纪念碑。
BILL: WELL, THEY COPIED US. 比尔：嗯，他们抄袭了我们。
GEOFFREY: IT WAS ONE OF AMERICA'S FIRST MAJOR MONUMENTS 杰弗里：这是美国历史上第一个重要的纪念碑。
BUILT TO COMMEMORATE THE FIRST BIG BATTLE 是为纪念第一次大战而建的。
IN OUR WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE, 在我们为独立而战的战争中……
WHICH WAS FOUGHT RIGHT HERE. 那是在这里战斗过的。
IT WAS, IN FACT, A REMARKABLE BATTLE. 事实上，这是一场了不起的战斗。
GEOFFREY: TODAY WE KNOW IT AS THE BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL, 杰弗里：今天我们知道这是“邦克山战役”。
BUT IT WAS ACTUALLY FOUGHT HERE ON BREEDS HILL, 但实际上它是在这里的品种山上战斗的。
THANKS TO AN ACCIDENT OF HISTORY. 多亏了历史上的一场事故。
NOW THE AMERICAN COMMANDER, GENERAL ARTEMAS WARD, 现在美国指挥官，阿特阿斯沃德将军，
INSTRUCTED HIS SOLDIERS TO FORTIFY BUNKER HILL. 命令他的士兵们加固地堡山。
BUT AS THEY LOOKED AT THE SITUATION, 但是当他们看这个情况的时候，
THEY UNDERSTOOD THAT BREED'S HILL 他们知道那座山的山
WAS ACTUALLY A BETTER LOCATION 实际上是一个更好的地方
AND SO THEY CAME OVER HERE TO BREED'S HILL. 所以他们来到这里是为了繁殖山。
WHY DO WE STILL CALL IT THE BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL? 为什么我们仍然称它为邦克山战役？
WELL, WE CALL IT THE BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL, 我们把它叫做邦克山战役，
BECAUSE WE CALL IT THE BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL. 因为我们把它叫做邦克山战役。
THERE IS NO LOGICAL REASON WHATSOEVER. 没有任何逻辑上的理由。
GEOFFREY: THE BRITISH ADVANCED ON THE HILL. 杰弗里：英国在山上的高级建筑。
AS THE AMERICANS' AMMUNITION DWINDLED 随着美国人的“弹药”逐渐减少。
THEIR COMMANDER SUPPOSEDLY TOLD HIS MEN. 据说他们的指挥官告诉了他的部下。
BILL: DON'T FIRE UNTIL YOU SEE THE WHITES OF THEIR EYES. 比尔：不要开枪，除非你看到他们眼睛里的白色。
WE'RE NOT CERTAIN THAT HE SAID THAT, 我们不确定他是否说过，
IT MIGHT HAVE BEEN SOMETHING MORE MONOSYLLABIC. 这可能是一种更单音节的东西。
GEOFFREY: EVENTUALLY THE AMERICANS WERE FORCED 杰弗里：最后，美国人被强迫了……
TO RETREAT, BUT THEY INFLICTED HEAVY LOSSES 撤退，但是他们造成了巨大的损失。
ON THE WORLD'S MOST POWERFUL ARMY. 世界上最强大的军队……
ON ONE SIDE IT TOLD THE AMERICANS, 一方面，它告诉美国人，
WE CAN STAND AGAINST THE RED COATS ON THE OTHER SIDE, 我们可以站在另一边的红色外套上，
THE BRITISH NOW UNDERSTOOD 英国人现在明白了
THAT THEY HAD A REAL WAR ON THEIR HANDS. 他们的手上有一场真正的战争。
GEOFFREY: WITHIN TWO DECADES THE BATTLEFIELD WAS MARKED 在二十年的时间里，战场上被标记为“战场”。
WITH A WOODEN PILLAR 用木柱顶着
HONORING THE AMERICANS' MOST NOTABLE CASUALTY, 向美国人致敬，最引人注目的受害者是……
DR. JOSEPH WARREN. 约瑟夫沃伦博士。
BUT SOON THERE WAS A PUBLIC PUSH FOR A MORE ENDURING TRIBUTE 但是很快，就有了一个公众的推动，为了一个更持久的贡品。
AND NOT JUST TO A SINGLE HERO. 而不仅仅是一个英雄。
BY THE EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURY 到19世纪早期
THE AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY VETERANS WERE DYING. 美国革命退伍军人正在死去。
AND AS PEOPLE BEGAN TO REFLECT ON THAT, 当人们开始思考这个问题的时候，
THEY BEGAN TO BECOME EVER MORE ROMANTIC 他们开始变得越来越浪漫
AND WANT TO REMEMBER THE GREAT HEROES. 想要记住伟大的英雄。
GEOFFREY: WAR MONUMENTS OF THE ERA 杰弗里：这个时代的战争纪念碑。
OFTEN RECOGNIZED INDIVIDUAL "GREAT MEN," 经常被人认出的是“伟大的人”。
PERHAPS WITH A STATUE OF A HIGH-RANKING OFFICER. 也许是一名高级军官的雕像。
BUT THE ARCHITECT ROBERT MILLS SUGGESTED SOMETHING ELSE: 但是建筑师罗伯特米尔斯提出了一些其他的建议：
IT WOULD BE A SOARING STONE OBELISK. 那将是一个高耸的石方尖碑。
USED BY THE EGYPTIANS TO MARK THE GRAVES OF FALLEN HEROES, 埃及人用它来纪念阵亡英雄的坟墓。
OBELISKS WERE MAKING A COMEBACK IN AMERICA. 在美国，方尖碑的出现是一种东山再起的机会。
BILL: IF YOU GO AMONGST CEMETERIES 比尔：如果你在墓地里走一走……
OF THE LATE EIGHTEENTH, EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURY, 在18世纪后期，在19世纪早期，
YOU'RE LIKELY TO FIND LOTS OF OBELISKS OVER GRAVES. 你可能会在坟墓上找到很多方尖碑。
GEOFFREY: BUT INSTEAD OF MEMORIALIZING 杰弗里：但我没有记起我的记忆。
ONE MAN'S SACRIFICE 一个人的牺牲
THIS OVERSIZED OBELISK WOULD HONOR THE HEROISM 这个巨大的方尖碑将会纪念英雄主义的英雄事迹。
OF ALL WHO FOUGHT. 所有参加过战斗的人……
AND REALLY TO HONOR THE SPIRIT, 为了纪念这一精神，
THE COURAGE OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARIES. 美国革命者的勇气。
THE CORNERSTONE LAYING CEREMONY AND THE 50TH ANNIVERSARY 奠基仪式和50周年纪念活动的奠基仪式
OF THE BATTLE DREW A CROWD OF 100,000. 这场战斗吸引了一群10万人。
AMONG THE DIGNITARIES 在显要人物中
WAS ONE OF THE GREAT HEROES OF THE REVOLUTION, 是革命中伟大的英雄之一，是革命的伟大英雄之一。
THE FRENCH GENERAL LAFAYETTE. 法国将军拉法叶。
OH, IT WAS LIKE HAVING BRUCE SPRINGSTEEN HERE! 哦，这就像布鲁斯斯普林斯汀在这里一样！
GEOFFREY: HAULING THE 6700 TONS OF GRANITE FROM THE QUARRY 杰弗里：从采石场运来6700吨的花岗岩。
REQUIRED NEW TECHNOLOGY. 需要新技术。
THE FIRST RAILROAD IN AMERICA? 美国的第一条铁路？
YES, BUT NOT A STEAMER THOUGH. 是的，但不是轮船。
IT'S A RAILROAD POWERED BY HORSES. 这是一条由马驱动的铁路。
GEOFFREY: WHEN COMPLETED, 杰弗里：当完成的时候，……
THE MONUMENT WAS A NATIONAL SENSATION. 这个纪念碑是全国轰动一时的。
INSIDE, A CIRCULAR STAIRCASE, 294 STEPS HIGH... 里面有一个圆形的楼梯，有294个台阶高……
ONLY 284 MORE TO GO. 只剩下284人了。
GEOFFREY: ...LET TOURISTS TAKE IN A NEW PERSPECTIVE 杰弗里：……让游客以一个新的视角来看待这个问题。
ON THE HISTORIC SITE. 在这个历史遗迹上。
SO WHY ARE THERE STAIRS INSIDE THE MONUMENT? 那为什么纪念碑里有楼梯呢？
BECAUSE THERE WERE NO ELEVATORS, GEOFFREY, IN 1825. 因为没有电梯，杰弗里，在1825年。
THIS IS A MONUMENT ON A BATTLEFIELD 这是一个战场上的纪念碑
AND SO WHAT IS THE BEST WAY TO SEE THE BATTLEFIELD? 那么，看到战场的最佳方式是什么呢？
FROM A HIGH ELEVATION. 从高海拔。
GEOFFREY: IN TIME ANOTHER OBELISK WOULD BE BUILT 杰弗里：在另一段时间里，将会有另一个“方尖碑”。
TO HONOR GEORGE WASHINGTON. 为了向乔治华盛顿致敬。
BUT THE BUNKER HILL MONUMENT 但是邦克山纪念碑……
PAID TRIBUTE TO THE SACRIFICES OF HEROES 对英雄们的牺牲给予了高度的敬意。
WHO CAN'T BE FOUND IN HISTORY BOOKS. 在历史书中找不到的人是谁。
[GUNFIRE] 炮火
IT WAS A DEMOCRATIC MONUMENT FOR A NEW, DEMOCRATIC NATION. 对于一个新的民主国家来说，这是一个民主的纪念碑。
JUDITH: LET'S NOT FORGET THE NEWLY-MINTED AMERICANS 朱迪斯：我们不要忘记新晋的美国人。
WAS A RAGTAG BAND. 是一个衣衫褴褛的乐队。
THEY WON THE WAR AGAINST ALL ODDS. 他们打赢了所有的战争。
SO IT MAKES SENSE THAT IT WASN'T JUST THE OFFICERS 所以说这不仅仅是军官们
AND THE GENERALS WHO ARE HONORED, 那些被授予荣誉的将军们，
BUT IT WAS THE WHOLE GROUP. 但这是整个群体。
THE GROUP EFFORT WAS HONORED. 小组的努力得到了表彰。
GEOFFREY: WE MIGHT THINK OF IT 杰弗里：我们可能会想到这一点。
AS A BEACON TO IMMIGRANTS LANDING ON AMERICA'S SHORES. 作为移民的灯塔，登陆美国的海岸。
BUT THE STATUE OF LIBERTY WAS ORIGINALLY CONCEIVED 但是自由女神像最初是被构想出来的。
BY A FRENCHMAN TO SEND A MESSAGE TO HIS OWN PEOPLE. 一个法国人给他自己的人民发了一条信息。
BARRY: THE IDEA WAS THAT BY BRINGING ATTENTION 巴里：我的想法是通过引起人们的注意来达到这个目的。
TO THE UNITED STATES' DEMOCRATIC ACHIEVEMENT, 对于美国的民主成就来说，这是一个很有意义的事情。
IT HIGHLIGHTED SOMETHING THAT DIDN'T EXIST IN FRANCE. 它强调了一些在法国并不存在的东西。
GEOFFREY: éDOUARD LABOULAYE 杰弗里：埃杜德拉杜拉伊。
WAS A FRENCH COLLEGE PROFESSOR... 是一所法国大学的教授……
HE WAS A PROFESSOR THAT SPECIALIZED IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 他是一位专攻美国历史的教授。
GEOFFREY: ...WHO WAS FED UP WITH THE AUTHORITARIAN RULE 杰弗里：……谁受够了独裁统治的……
OF EMPEROR NAPOLEON THE THIRD. 拿破仑大帝的第三个。
NAPOLEON WAS ELECTED THE PRESIDENT OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC 拿破仑被选为法兰西共和国的总统
HE'S ELECTED? 他当选了？
YES AND THEN AFTER HE WAS PRESIDENT FOR THREE YEARS, 是的，在他当了3年总统之后，
HE DECIDED TO GET RID OF THE REPUBLIC 他决定摆脱共和国
AND CROWN HIMSELF EMPEROR. 他是皇帝。
GEOFFREY: LABOULAYE HOPED TO PROMOTE LIBERTY IN FRANCE 杰弗里：LABOULAYE希望能在法国促进自由。
BY SENDING A BIRTHDAY PRESENT TO AMERICA. 给美国寄了一个生日礼物。
IN CELEBRATION OF OUR CENTENNIAL, 在我们百年纪念的庆典上……
FRANCE WOULD SEND A LIKENESS OF THE ROMAN GODDESS LIBERTY. 法国将会把罗马女神自由女神的画像寄给你。
BARRY: THE GODDESS OF LIBERTY WAS ALREADY BEEN BUILT 巴里：“自由女神”已经被建好了。
IN MANY OTHER STATUES, AND ARTWORK OF ALL KINDS 在许多其他的雕像中，还有各种各样的艺术作品。
INCLUDING THE GREAT SEAL OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC 包括法兰西共和国的伟大的海豹突击队……
THAT LABOULAYE LOVED. 那个LABOULAYE爱的人。
GEOFFREY: LABOULAYE'S GIFT WOULD SIMULTANEOUSLY CELEBRATE 杰弗里：LABOULAYE的礼物是同时庆祝的。
AMERICAN DEMOCRACY, 美国的民主制度
AND OFFER A VEILED CRITIQUE OF A LEADER 并对一个领导者提出了一种含蓄的批评。
WHO HAD CROWNED HIMSELF. 是谁给自己加冕的。
IT'S LIKE THIS SORT OF BIG PUBLIC RELATIONS STUNT ALMOST. 这就像是一场大型公关活动。
SO THIS WAS HIS INTENTION, IN A QUIET WAY, 这就是他的意图，以一种安静的方式，
WHICH COULDN'T BE CRITICIZED BY THE GOVERNMENT, 这不能被政府批评，
HE WOULDN'T BE ARRESTED BY THE POLICE OR ANYTHING LIKE THAT. 他不会被警察逮捕之类的。
GEOFFREY: AT A DINNER PARTY LABOULAYE PITCHED HIS IDEA 杰弗里：在一次晚宴上，拉瓦莱提出了他的想法。
TO THE SCULPTOR FREDERIC AUGUSTE BARTHOLDI. 给雕塑家的是弗雷德里克奥古斯特。巴托尔迪。
HE HAS THIS DREAM OF BUILDING SOMETHING BIG. 他有做大事情的梦想。
YEAH, HIS DREAM WAS A COLOSSAL STATUARY 是的，他的梦想是一个巨大的雕像
IN THE EGYPTIAN OR GREEK TRADITION. 在埃及或希腊的传统中。
GEOFFREY: BARTHOLDI ASSEMBLED THE 151-FOOT HIGH COPPER FIGURE 杰弗里：巴托尔迪组装了一个151英尺高的铜雕像。
IN A COURTYARD IN PARIS. 在巴黎的一个院子里。
HER OFFICIAL NAME WAS LIBERTY ENLIGHTENING THE WORLD. 她的正式名字是“自由照亮世界”。
BARRY: THE STATUE CAUSED QUITE A SENSATION IN PARIS. 巴瑞：这尊雕像在巴黎引起了轰动。
I IMAGINE. 我想。
MANY PARISIANS DID NOT WANT TO SEE HER LEAVE THE COUNTRY. 许多巴黎人不想看到她离开这个国家。
GEOFFREY: INSTEAD LADY LIBERTY WAS DISASSEMBLED, 杰弗里：取而代之的是“自由女神”被拆散了。
PACKED IN 210 WOODEN CRATES, AND SHIPPED ACROSS THE ATLANTIC 装在210个木箱子里，装在大西洋上。
TO BE REASSEMBLED ON BEDLOE'S ISLAND 将在贝德罗岛的岛上重新组装。
IN NEW YORK HARBOR. 在纽约港……
BARTHOLDI UNVEILED THE STATUE BEFORE A CROWD OF ONE MILLION 巴托尔迪在一百万多名观众面前展示了这尊雕像。
ON OCTOBER 28, 1886. 1886年10月28日。
THE BOATS WOULD HAVE BEEN ALL AROUND HERE, RIGHT? 船就在这附近，对吧？
AND WAS THERE LIKE A DRAPE THAT CAME DOWN AND-- 就像一个褶皱出现了——
BARRY: THE STATUES FACE WAS COVERED WITH 巴里：这些雕像的脸被盖上了。
A WONDERFUL FRENCH FLAG AND IT FELL DOWN, 一种非常棒的法国国旗，它掉下来了。
ENORMOUS CELEBRATION. 盛大的庆祝活动。
AMERICANS WERE AMAZED AT THIS HUGE ACCOMPLISHMENT. 美国人对这一巨大成就感到惊讶。
GEOFFREY: LIBERTY WAS NOT ONLY AN ARTISTIC ACHIEVEMENT, 杰弗里：自由不仅是一项艺术成就，而且是一种艺术上的成就。
SHE WAS A TRIUMPH OF ENGINEERING. 她是工程界的一名成功的人。
SHE'S HELD UP BY A WROUGHT-IRON TOWER, 她被一座锻铁塔所挡住了。
DESIGNED BY A FRENCH BRIDGE BUILDER 是由法国的桥梁建造者设计的
WHO WOULD LATER BECOME FAMOUS FOR ANOTHER TOWER. 后来，他又因另一座塔而闻名于世。
JUDITH: GUSTAVE EIFFEL. 朱迪斯：古斯塔夫埃菲尔……
HE WAS A MAGICIAN OF IRON. 他是一个铁的魔术师。
MOST PEOPLE DON'T REALIZE THAT UNDER HER FLOWING SKIRTS 大多数人都没有意识到在她那飘逸的裙子下面有什么。
IS ONE OF THE MOST INNOVATIVE STRUCTURES IN NEW YORK CITY. 是纽约市最具创新精神的建筑之一。
GEOFFREY: BARTHOLDI COVERED EIFFEL'S FRAME 杰弗里：巴托尔迪在艾菲尔的框架上盖了一幅画。
WITH A STATUE RICH IN SYMBOLISM. 有一尊富有象征意义的雕像。
SHE HOLDS THE TABLET OF LAW, 她拥有法律的平板电脑。
BEARING THE DATE OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 关于独立宣言的日期和日期。
IN ROMAN NUMERALS. 用罗马数字来表示。
AT HER FEET LIE THE BROKEN CHAINS OF TYRANNY. 在她的脚下，是破碎的暴政的枷锁。
HER TORCH BURNS WITH THE PASSION OF ENLIGHTENMENT. 她的火炬燃烧时充满了启蒙运动的激情。
JUDITH: LIBERTY IS FEMALE, SHE IS MATERNAL, 朱迪思：自由是女性，她是母亲，我……
SHE IS NURTURING, 她在养孩子。
BUT SHE HAS TREMENDOUS STRENGTH 但她有强大的力量
FOR THAT POWERFUL ARM HOLDING UP THE BEACON OF LIGHT. 因为那个强大的手臂支撑着灯塔。
SO SHE IS THIS WONDERFUL MIX OF COMPASSION, 所以她是一种很好的同情，
WITH SHEER POWER. 拥有绝对的权力。
GEOFFREY: ALL OF THIS CAREFULLY-CRAFTED SYMBOLISM 杰弗里：所有这些都是精心制作的象征。
WOULD ASSUME NEW MEANING IN 1892 在1892年，我将会有新的意义。
WHEN NEIGHBORING ELLIS ISLAND OPENED ITS DOORS. 当邻近的埃利斯岛的大门打开时……
WE ARE NOW AT THE PEAK OF THE WAVES OF IMMIGRANTS, 我们现在正处于移民潮的顶峰，
AND SHE BECOMES THIS GIANTESS OF COMPASSION 她成为了同情心的重要组成部分
THAT IS WELCOMING THEM TO THEIR NEW HOME. 那就是欢迎他们来到他们的新家。
GEOFFREY: AMERICA EMBRACED THIS NEW SYMBOLISM FOR LADY LIBERTY, 杰弗里：美国对自由女神的新象征主义表示欢迎。
ADDING TO HER BASE A TINY PLAQUE 在她的底座上加上一个小的匾额。
WITH A SONNET BY THE POET AND ACTIVIST EMMA LAZARUS. 由诗人和活动家艾玛拉撒路写的一首诗。
BARRY: SHE'D BEEN GOING TO CASTLE GARDEN 巴里：她一直在去城堡花园。
AND THEN HELPING JEWISH REFUGEES. 然后帮助犹太难民……
AND SHE SAW THE PLIGHT AND THE TROUBLES 她看到了她的困境和麻烦。
THAT PEOPLE ENCOUNTERED AND THIS DISTRESSED HER TERRIBLY, 人们遇到的那些人，这使她非常苦恼。
SO SHE SAW THE STATUE AS A MOTHER OF EXILES, 因此，她把这个雕像看作是一个流亡者的母亲。
OF HOPE AND DREAMS FOR IMMIGRANTS. 对移民的希望和梦想。
GEOFFREY: IN EVERY AGE LADY LIBERTY HAS SPOKEN 杰弗里：在每一个时代，自由女神都曾说过这句话。
TO THE HUMAN STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM IN NEW WAYS. 为自由在新的道路上所做的努力……
THIS ANCIENT ROMAN GODDESS LIBERTY 这是古罗马女神的自由女神
WAS GENUINELY WORSHIPPED TWO THOUSAND YEARS AGO 是在二千年前真正被崇拜的
BY FREED SLAVES IN ROME, IN ITALY. 被解放的奴隶在罗马，在意大利。
AND REGENERATED INTO OUR GREAT STATUE OF LIBERTY 并重新注入我们伟大的自由女神像
SHOWS THE POWER OF ANCIENT SYMBOLISM, 显示了古代象征的力量，
EVEN FOR PEOPLE OF OUR TIME. 即使是我们这个时代的人。
GEOFFREY: YOU PROBABLY DON'T HAVE TO TRAVEL FAR 杰弗里：你可能不需要去很远的地方旅行。
TO VISIT THIS CIVIL WAR MONUMENT. 去参观这个国家的战争纪念碑。
IN FACT, IT MIGHT BE RIGHT DOWN YOUR STREET 事实上，它可能就在你的街道上，就在你的街道上。
BECAUSE IT'S NOT ONE STATUE, 因为这不是一尊雕像
IT'S A TYPE OF MONUMENT 这是一种纪念碑式的建筑
YOU'LL FIND IN MANY AMERICAN TOWNS. 你会在美国的许多城镇找到你的。
THERE WAS A KIND OF COMPETITION BETWEEN SMALL TOWNS 在小城镇之间有一种竞争
WHERE ONE TOWN WOULD SAY, 一个城镇会说，
HEY, OUR NEIGHBORS HAVE ALREADY ERECTED A CIVIL WAR MONUMENT, 嘿，我们的邻居已经建立了一座内战纪念碑，
WE'VE GOT TO GET IN ON THIS, OTHERWISE WE LOOK UNPATRIOTIC. 我们必须参与进来，否则我们看起来不爱国。
GEOFFREY: THE CIVIL WAR HAD TOUCHED EVERY AMERICAN TOWN. 杰弗里：内战使每个美国小镇都受到了影响。
AS MANY AS HALF OF THE NATION'S YOUNG MEN LEFT FOR BATTLE 在这个国家中，有一半的年轻人都是为了战斗而离开的。
AND MORE THAN 600,000 OF THEM NEVER RETURNED. 他们中有超过60万人再也没有回来过。
AS AMERICA TRIED TO COME TO GRIPS WITH THE CARNAGE, 当美国试图来对付这场大屠杀的时候，我想说的是
IT BEGAN A MONUMENT-BUILDING BOOM. 它开始了一场纪念碑的建造热潮。
IT WAS SUCH A DEEP WOUND THAT THE MEMORIALS 这是一个很深的伤口，纪念碑
WERE A WAY TO TRY TO HEAL. 是一种试图治愈的方法。
GEOFFREY: SURE THERE WERE PLENTY OF GENERALS ON HORSES, 杰弗里：当然，有很多将军骑在马身上。
BUT A NEW TYPE OF MONUMENT BEGAN TO EMERGE 但是一种新型的纪念碑开始出现了。
IN BOTH THE NORTH AND SOUTH. 北部和南部的两个国家都有。
THEY'RE KNOWN AS STANDING SOLDIERS: 他们被称为“常备军”。
NEARLY-IDENTICAL SCULPTURES OF A LONE SOLDIER, 一个孤独的士兵的雕塑，几乎完全相同。
ERECTED IN TRIBUTE TO ALL THE HOMETOWN HEROES. 是为了纪念所有的家乡英雄而建立的。
IT WAS CRUCIALLY IMPORTANT, ESPECIALLY IN MANY SMALL TOWNS, 这一点至关重要，尤其是在许多小城镇，
TO HAVE SOMEBODY THAT SYMBOLIZED EVERYBODY FROM YOUR COMMUNITY 让一个人从你的社区中代表每个人
THAT MAY HAVE PARTICIPATED AND MANY WHO DIDN'T COME BACK. 他们可能已经参加了，很多人没有回来。
GEOFFREY: MORE THAN 2,000 WERE BUILT 杰弗里：超过了2,000人建造的。
AND THE SIMILARITIES AMONG THEM WERE NO ACCIDENT. 他们之间的相似之处并不是偶然的。
THE STANDING SOLDIERS WERE MASS-PRODUCED 那些常备军是大规模生产的。
AND SOLD IN CATALOGUES BY A HANDFUL OF COMPANIES. 并在几家公司的商品目录中出售。
GEOFFREY: SO, THE NORTHERN STATES AND THE SOUTHERN STATES 杰弗里：那么，北方的州和南部的州。
COULD BOTH ORDER THESE MONUMENTS OUT OF THE SAME CATALOGUE RIGHT? 都可以从同一个目录中订购这些纪念物吗？
YES, ALL THEY HAD TO DO 是的，他们所要做的就是
WAS CHANGE VERY SUBTLE DETAILS OF THE UNIFORM. 改变了制服的细微细节。
GEOFFREY: LIKE THE HATS: SLOUCH HATS ON CONFEDERATE STATUES 杰弗里：就像帽子一样：在邦联的雕像上戴着帽子。
AND KEPI HATS FOR THE UNION 为工会组织的一顶帽子
AND ON THE BELT BUCKLE "US" INDICATED A UNION SOLDIER 在皮带扣上，“我们”指的是一名联邦士兵。
WHILE "CS" SIGNIFIED A CONFEDERATE. 而“CS”则代表了一个同谋者。
KIRK: THERE ARE FUNNY EXAMPLES WHERE A CONFEDERATE TOWN 柯克：有一个有趣的例子，有一个南方联盟的城镇。
COMMISSIONED A MONUMENT AND THEY SAID, "WAIT A MINUTE, 委托建造了一座纪念碑，他们说，“等一下，
THAT'S A UNION SOLDIER, SO THEY SENT IT BACK!" 那是一个工会士兵，所以他们把它送回去了！”
GEOFFREY: BUT DESPITE THE VARIATIONS, 杰弗里：但是，尽管有各种不同的变化，但是……
THE STATUES SHARED FAR MORE SIMILARITIES. 这些雕像有更多的相似之处。
KIRK: SO THE FORMULA IS STANDING ERECT. 柯克：所以这个公式是直立着的。
ONE FOOT BEHIND, 一只脚在后面，
SO THAT YOUR WEIGHT IS RESTING ON THE BACK LEG 这样你的体重就在后面的腿上休息了。
AND THEY'RE USUALLY GRIPPING, SOME KIND OF WEAPON OR TOOL, 它们通常都很吸引人，比如某种武器或工具。
IN THIS CASE IT'S THE RAMMER 在这种情况下，这就是RAMMER。
OR THE SPONGE THAT WAS USED TO CLEAN THE CANNON AND RELOAD IT. 或者是用来清洗大炮并重新装上子弹的海绵。
GEOFFREY: AND TO EMPHASIZE THEIR EVERY MAN QUALITY, 杰弗里：为了强调他们每个人的品质，……
THE FACES WERE NONDESCRIPT. 这些脸都是毫无特色的。
I MEAN HE LOOKS LIKE A KID. 我的意思是他看起来像个孩子。
I MEAN THEY REALLY-- 我的意思是他们真的——
KIRK: YES, HE IS YOUNG AND THEY'RE USUALLY VERY YOUNG. 柯克：是的，他很年轻，而且他们通常都很年轻。
SO HE-- YEAH, HE LOOKS LIKE COULD BE STILL A TEENAGER 所以他——是的，他看起来就像个少年。
AND MANY OF THEM WERE. 他们中的许多人都是……
GEOFFREY: THESE STATUES CONTINUED TO BE BUILT 杰弗里：这些雕像还在继续建造。
LONG AFTER THE WAR, ESPECIALLY IN THE SOUTH 在战争之后很久，特别是在南方的……
WHERE THEY TOOK ON NEW MEANING. 在那里他们有了新的意义。
ERIKA: A LOT OF THE CIVIL WAR MEMORIALS IN THE SOUTH 在南方的许多内战纪念活动中，有很多关于内战的纪念活动。
WERE ERECTED IN THE FIRST PART OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY, 是在二十世纪的第一部份上建立起来的。
WHICH JUST HAPPENS TO BE THE PERIOD OF JIM CROW STARTING UP. 这刚好是吉姆克劳的开始。/我的经历。
SO THEY'RE VERY MUCH ABOUT ASSERTIONS 所以他们主要是关于断言
OF WHITE SUPERIORITY AND BLACK SERVITUDE 白人的优越和黑人的奴役
AT A MOMENT OF CHANGED RACIAL RELATIONS IN AMERICA. 在美国种族关系发生改变的时刻。
LONNIE: FOR MANY PEOPLE 朗尼：对很多人来说
MANY OF THESE MONUMENTS WERE REALLY SAYING, 这些纪念碑很多都是真的在说，“我的意思是……”
"YOU ARE NOT GOING TO FORCE US TO CHANGE. 你不打算强迫我们改变。我的意思是：“你不能强迫我们改变。”
"THAT WE WILL ALWAYS CELEBRATE WHAT WE BELIEVE "我们将永远庆祝我们的信仰
ARE THE RIGHTS AND IDEALS OF A WHITE SOUTHERNER." 是一个南方白人的权利和理想。”
[CROWD CHEERS] 群众欢呼
GEOFFREY: TODAY THESE CONFEDERATE MONUMENTS 杰弗里：今天这些是南方联盟的纪念碑。
REMAIN AS CONTROVERSIAL AS EVER 仍然像以前一样充满争议。
AS SOME COMMUNITIES HAVE FOUGHT TO PRESERVE THEM... 就像一些社区为了保护他们而进行的斗争一样。
OTHERS HAVE REMOVED THESE SYMBOLS OF A DIVIDED NATION. 另外一些人已经把这个分裂国家的符号去掉了。
KIRK: THE FACT THAT THIS IS A PROBLEM NOW, 柯克：现在这个问题已经成为一个问题了。
IT HAS TO BE DEALT WITH. 这是必须要处理的。
WHEREAS IN THE PAST IT WASN'T A PROBLEM BECAUSE THE OTHER SIDE, 然而在过去，这并不是一个问题，因为另一方面，也不是问题。
AFRICAN-AMERICANS, HAD NO SAY IN THE PROCESS. 非裔美国人，在这个过程中没有发言权。
THEY WERE COMPLETELY SHUT OUT. 他们完全被拒之门外。
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT REALLY JUST ONE PARTICULAR POPULATION 我们所讨论的只是一个特定的群体
THAT WAS COMMEMORATING ITSELF AND ITS OWN POWER 那是为了纪念它自己和它自己的力量。
AND WE HAVE A LARGER COMMUNITY THAN THAT 我们有一个比这个更大的社区
THAT WE'RE ACCOUNTABLE TO. 我们要对……
I FELT VERY STRONGLY, AS SOMEBODY WHO IS A HISTORIAN, 作为一个历史学家，我感觉非常强烈，
WHO STRUGGLED EARLY IN MY CAREER 在我的职业生涯早期
BECAUSE SO MUCH OF AFRICAN-AMERICAN HISTORY 因为很多非裔美国人的历史
WAS ERASED, THAT I WOULD NEVER WANT TO SEE ANY HISTORY ERASED. 被抹去了，我再也不想看到任何历史被抹去。
WHAT I WOULD WANT TO SEE, 我想看到的是，
IS I'D WANT TO SEE HISTORY CONTEXTUALIZED. 我想要看到历史背景。
I LOVE THE NOTION OF TAKING STATUES, 我喜欢雕塑的概念，
IF YOU'RE GOING TO TAKE THEM DOWN, 如果你要把它们取下来，
AND PUT THEM TOGETHER AND EXPLAIN TO PEOPLE, 把它们放在一起，向人们解释，
NOT WHAT YOU THINK THEY MEAN, WHAT THEY ACTUALLY SYMBOLIZE. 不是你认为它们是什么意思，它们实际上象征着什么。
GEOFFREY: IN AN ERA OF RACIST STEREOTYPES 杰弗里：在一个有种族偏见的时代。
THIS MONUMENT WAS REVOLUTIONARY 这个纪念碑是革命的，是革命的
NOT JUST FOR WHOM IT HONORED, BUT HOW. 不仅是为谁而感到荣幸，而且是如何……
WHEN THIS SCULPTURE WAS UNVEILED, IT WAS A FIRST. 当这个雕塑揭幕时，它是第一个。
AND IT SAID TO THE AFRICAN-AMERICAN COMMUNITY, 它对非裔美国人说，
"YOU ARE RECOGNIZED AS MEN "你被认为是男人
AND YOU'RE UNITED STATES SOLDIERS." 你是美国士兵。”
GEOFFREY: IN THE FIRST YEARS OF THE CIVIL WAR 杰弗里：在内战的第一个年头里。
AFRICAN-AMERICANS WERE BARRED FROM FIGHTING 非裔美国人被禁止与之战斗
IN THE UNION ARMY, 在联邦军队里。
BUT THAT CHANGED ON JANUARY 1, 1863. 但这在1863年1月1日改变了。
A PARAGRAPH IN THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 解放奴隶宣言的一段话
THREW OPEN THE DOORS TO BLACK SOLDIERS. 向黑人士兵敞开了大门。
FOR MANY PEOPLE, FIGHTING WAS REALLY A WAY 对很多人来说，战斗确实是一种方式
TO STRIKE A BLOW AGAINST SLAVERY 对奴隶制的打击
AND ALSO TO PROVE YOUR WORTH BY FIGHTING IN THE MILITARY. 也要通过在军队中作战来证明你的价值。
GEOFFREY: IN MASSACHUSETTS, MORE THAN A THOUSAND MEN 杰弗里：在马萨诸塞州，有超过一千人。
RUSHED TO SIGN UP WITH THE 54TH REGIMENT. 我和第54团的人一起报名参加了。
AMONG THEM, WAS THE GREAT-GRANDFATHER 在他们中间，有一个是“曾祖父”。
OF MICHAEL COBLYN. 关于迈克尔。科布林的。
HE'S REALLY GOT QUITE A SENSE OF CONVICTION. 他真的有一种坚定的信念。
ABSOLUTELY. 当然。
YOU KNOW, HE WANTS TO BE PART OF THIS. 你知道，他想成为其中的一份子。
HE WAS 16 YEARS OLD AND HE UNDERSTANDS 他16岁，他明白
THAT IT'S NOT ABOUT ANY KIND OF INDIVIDUAL GLORY; 这并不是关于个人荣耀的;
IT'S REALLY ABOUT HIS COMMUNITY, HIS PEOPLE, AND HIS RACE. 这是关于他的社区，他的人民，和他的种族。
GEOFFREY: THE BLACK REGIMENT WAS LED RELUCTANTLY 杰弗里：黑军团的领导很不情愿地领导了这个组织。
BY A WHITE COLONEL NAMED ROBERT GOULD SHAW. 是由一个叫罗伯特古尔德肖的白人上校所做的。
THOUGH BORN INTO A PROMINENT FAMILY OF ABOLITIONISTS, 虽然出生在一个杰出的废人家庭中，但是……
SHAW QUESTIONED WHETHER AFRICAN-AMERICANS 肖质疑是否有非裔美国人。
WERE COMPETENT TO SERVE. 有能力为我服务。
NOT EVERY OFFICER WANTED TO LEAD A BLACK REGIMENT. 并不是每个军官都想领导一个黑人团。
MANY FELT THAT THE BLACK SOLDIERS WERE INFERIOR, 许多人认为黑人士兵比他们低，
MANY FELT THAT IT WASN'T THE GREAT STEPPING STONE 很多人认为这并不是一个伟大的垫脚石
TO YOUR OWN CAREER. 为了你自己的事业。
GEOFFREY: SHAW HAD SPENT LITTLE TIME WITH AFRICAN-AMERICANS, 杰弗里：肖在非裔美国人的时间里花了很少的时间。
BUT AS HE GOT TO KNOW HIS SOLDIERS 但是当他了解到他的士兵们的时候
HIS RACISM TRANSFORMED INTO RESPECT. 他的种族主义改变了我对他的尊重。
GEOFFREY: WHAT DO YOU THINK HE LEARNED? 杰弗里：你认为他学到了什么？
MICHAEL: THAT THESE ARE MEN, RIGHT? 迈克尔：这些都是男人，对吧，对吧？
THESE ARE MEN OF EQUAL FEELINGS, EQUAL SENSE OF PATRIOTISM, 这些人都有同样的感受，同样的爱国心，
AND HE'S WILLING TO DIE WITH THOSE MEN. 他愿意和那些人一起死。
GEOFFREY: AND SURE ENOUGH, ROBERT GOULD SHAW WOULD DIE 杰弗里：当然，罗伯特古尔德肖的死将会是一种死亡。
ALONGSIDE MORE THAN 50 OF HIS MEN AT FORT WAGNER. 他的手下有50多名在瓦格纳堡的人。
MICHAEL: HE VOLUNTEERS THAT REGIMENT TO GO. 迈克尔：他自愿去那个团去。
AND HE HAD A PREMONITION THAT HE WAS NOT GOING TO SURVIVE. 他预感到，他不会活下来的。他有一个预感，他是不会活下来的。
HE'S BURIED IN A MASS GRAVE 他被埋在一个大墓穴里
AND HIS PARENTS ARE INVITED TO SEND THE BODY BACK, 他和他的父母被邀请去把尸体送回去。
AND THEY SAY, 他们说，我的……
"HE COULD NOT BE BURIED IN A BETTER PLACE THAN WITH HIS MEN." “他不可能被埋葬在一个比他的人更好的地方。”
GEOFFREY: YOUR GREAT-GRANDFATHER ACTUALLY SURVIVED. 杰弗里：你的曾祖父是活下来的。
MICHAEL: HE SURVIVED. 迈克尔：他活下来了。
AND FOUGHT AT MORE OF THESE BATTLES? 在更多的战斗中战斗？
AND FOUGHT ADDITIONAL BATTLES. 并进行了更多的战斗。
GEOFFREY: THE JOB OF IMMORTALIZING THE 54TH 杰弗里：第54届世界的不朽之名。
WOULD FALL TO A SUPERSTAR OF AMERICAN ART. 将会成为美国艺术的一个超级巨星。
AUGUSTUS SAINT-GAUDENS IS THE PREEMINENT 奥古斯都圣高登斯是最杰出的
AMERICAN SCULPTOR OF THE 19TH CENTURY. 19世纪的美国雕塑家。
GEOFFREY: BUT LIKE ROBERT GOULD SHAW, 杰弗里：但是就像罗伯特古尔德。肖，我的。
ST. GAUDENS HELD HIS SHARE OF RACIAL PREJUDICE. 圣高登斯在种族歧视的问题上持有他的看法。
THE ARTIST RECRUITED AFRICAN-AMERICAN MEN 这个艺术家招募了非裔美国人
FROM THE STREETS OUTSIDE HIS NEW YORK STUDIO 在他的纽约工作室的外面的街道上。
TO SERVE AS MODELS FOR THE MONUMENT. 为纪念碑做模型的工作。
HE WROTE ABOUT THESE MODELS IN VERY DISPARAGING 他以非常轻蔑的态度写了这些模型
KIND OF TRADITIONALLY STEREOTYPICAL WAYS, 这是一种传统的刻板印象，
SIMPLE MINDED, SUPERSTITIOUS. 头脑简单，迷信。
GEOFFREY: ST. GAUDENS DECIDED TO PUT THE WHITE COLONEL 杰弗里：圣。高登斯决定派一名白人上校。
FRONT AND CENTER. 前面和中间。
HIS INSPIRATION WAS A PAINTING OF ANOTHER MILITARY LEADER. 他的灵感是另一位军事领袖的一幅画。
KIRK: HE HAD THIS MOUS FRENCH PAINTING 柯克：他有一幅法国的油画。
OF NAPOLEON WITH HIS TROOPS, SO THAT WAS HIS INSPIRATION, 拿破仑和他的军队在一起，所以这就是他的灵感来源。
WAS THE IDEA OF THE GREAT MAN AT THE FRONT OF THE MARCH. 在游行队伍的最前面是那个伟大的人的想法。
GEOFFREY: BUT AS SAINT-GAUDENS SCULPTED 但是就像圣高登斯雕刻的那样。
THE AFRICAN-AMERICAN FIGURES HIS VISION EVOLVED. 这位非洲裔美国人的远见卓识在他的视野中得到了发展。
WHEREAS, NAPOLEON'S MEN RECEDE INTO THE BACKGROUND, 然而，拿破仑的士兵们却退到后面去了。
SAINT-GAUDENS GIVES THE BLACK TROOPS A STARRING ROLE. 圣高登斯给了黑人军队一个主要的角色。
KIRK: THE ARTIST IN HIM 柯克：他的艺术家在他的作品中
WAS KIND OF IN BATTLE AGAINST THE PERSON THAT HE WAS 他是在和他的那个人作斗争。
AND THE ARTIST IN HIM WAS REALLY INTERESTED 他和他的艺术家对我很感兴趣。
IN THE ACTUAL FACES OF THE MEN. 在男人们的真实面孔中……
IF YOU LOOK AT THE MONUMENT CAREFULLY 如果你仔细看看纪念碑，你会发现它是什么样子的。
YOU'LL SEE THAT EACH FACE IS DIFFERENT. 你会看到每一张脸都是不一样的。
GEOFFREY: IT WAS UNPRECEDENTED: A REALISTIC TABLEAU 杰弗里：这是史无前例的：一个真实的画面。
OF A DIVERSE GROUP OF BLACK MEN 一个由黑人组成的不同团体的成员。
IN AN ERA WHEN MOST REPRESENTATIONS 在一个大多数人都能代表的时代里
OF AFRICAN-AMERICANS WERE CARICATURES. 非裔美国人的漫画是讽刺漫画。
LONNIE: USUALLY THE DEPICTION OF AFRICAN AMERICANS 朗尼：通常是非洲裔美国人的描述。
IS STEREOTYPICAL, IF THEY'RE EVEN VISIBLE, 这是典型的，如果他们是可见的，那就是。
AND SUDDENLY TO HAVE, WHAT I WOULD ARGUE, 突然间，我想说的是，我想说的是……
IS THE FIRST MONUMENT IN AMERICA THAT WAS A TRUE REPRESENTATION 这是美国的第一个纪念碑，它是一个真实的代表。
OF THE AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE 来自非洲裔美国人的经历。
BECAME EXTREMELY IMPORTANT 变得非常重要了
FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS AROUND THE COUNTRY. 在全国范围内为非裔美国人所做的。
MICHAEL: THIS IS SPECIAL TO OUR FAMILY, 迈克尔：这对我们的家庭来说是特别的。
IN A LOT OF WAYS, 从很多方面来说
I THINK WE'VE ALWAYS THOUGHT OF IT AS VERY PERSONAL, 我想我们一直都认为这是非常私人的事情。
BUT THERE'S A LOT OF FAMILIES THAT THIS REPRESENTS. 但是有很多家庭都是这样的。
GEOFFREY: OUR NEXT MONUMENT IS TO THE GREAT EMANCIPATOR, 杰弗里：我们的下一个纪念碑是伟大的解放者，它是伟大的解放者。
BUT YOU HAVE TO LOOK PRETTY HARD TO FIND ANY MENTION OF SLAVERY. 但是你必须非常努力地发现任何关于奴隶制的问题。
GEOFFREY: THAT'S BECAUSE THE LINCOLN MEMORIAL 杰弗里：那是因为林肯纪念堂的缘故吧。
WAS BUILT TO CELEBRATE NATIONAL UNITY IN THE 1920'S, 它是为了庆祝1920年的国家统一而建的。
A TIME WHEN WE WERE BITTERLY DIVIDED OVER RACE. 我们在种族问题上产生了严重的分歧。
THIS IS A TIME IN AMERICA WHERE THE KU KLUX KLAN IS REBUILDING, 这是美国三k党正在重建的时期，
THERE'S STRONG SENSE OF ANTI-BLACK, ANTI-IMMIGRANT. 有强烈的反黑人、反移民的感觉。
SO TO ACTUALLY CRAFT SOMETHING THAT SAYS, 所以实际上，要制作出这样的东西，
"LET US REMEMBER AND EMBRACE THE AFRICAN-AMERICAN EXPERIENCE," “让我们记住并拥抱非裔美国人的经历，”
WAS NOT GOING TO HAPPEN. 这是不可能的。
GEOFFREY: THE MEMORIAL WAS BORN OUT OF THE MCMILLAN PLAN, 杰弗里：这个纪念碑是在麦克米兰的计划中诞生的。
AN AMBITIOUS PROPOSAL THAT EXPANDED THE NATIONAL MALL 一项雄心勃勃的提议，扩大了国家广场的范围
OVER A MUDFLAT. 在一处泥滩上。
ALL THAT LAND THAT WE'RE STANDING ON 我们所站的土地
WAS BASICALLY MARSHLAND, IT WAS FILLED IN 基本上是沼泽地，它被填满了
AND WHAT IT BECAME IS A KIND OF A CANVAS 它变成了一种画布
TO PROJECT THIS WHOLE SYMBOLIC LANDSCAPE. 把这整个象征性的景观投射出来。
GEOFFREY: LINCOLN'S LOCATION WAS NO ACCIDENT. 杰弗里：林肯的位置不是偶然的。
HIS MEMORIAL WAS RIGHT ACROSS THE RIVER FROM VIRGINIA 他的纪念碑就在弗吉尼娅河对面的河上。
AND THE MANSION OF THE CONFEDERATE GENERAL, 还有南方联盟的将军的官邸……
ROBERT E. LEE. 罗伯特e李。
A NEW MEMORIAL BRIDGE WOULD CONNECT LEE'S HOUSE 一座新的纪念桥将会连接到李的家。
TO LINCOLN'S MEMORIAL. 到林肯的纪念碑前。
IT WAS REALLY PART OF THE SYMBOLIC WAY 这真的是象征性的一种方式
TO SAY THE NORTH AND SOUTH ARE FINALLY BACK TOGETHER. 说北方和南方终于回到了一起。
GEOFFREY: AN ARTISTIC DREAM TEAM WOULD DESIGN THE MEMORIAL, 杰弗里：一个艺术梦之队将会设计这个纪念碑。
SCULPTOR DANIEL CHESTER FRENCH AND ARCHITECT HENRY BACON. 雕刻家丹尼尔切斯特法兰奇和建筑师亨利培根。
FOR THE BUILDING, BACON EMULATED A GREEK TEMPLE. 在这栋建筑里，培根模仿了希腊的一座寺庙。
THE GREEKS, AFTER ALL, WERE SAID TO HAVE INVENTED DEMOCRACY. 毕竟，希腊人被认为是发明了民主的人。
AND INSIDE THEIR TEMPLES 在他们的寺庙里
THEY WOULD PUT A STATUE OF A GOD. 他们会把一个神的雕像放在一个雕像上。
AND SO THE PARTHENON IS RECREATED ON THE NATIONAL MALL. 因此，在国家广场上重建了神庙。
AND ABRAHAM LINCOLN, 还有亚伯拉罕林肯，
CLOSEST THING WE HAVE TO AN AMERICAN GOD. 最接近美国神的东西。
GEOFFREY: THIS ANCIENT-LOOKING TEMPLE 杰弗里：这是一个看起来很古老的寺庙。
IS ACTUALLY QUITE HIGH-TECH. 其实是很高科技的。我有一个很有价值的东西。
IT SEEMS TO SIT ON AN EARTHEN MOUND, 它似乎是在一个土堆上坐着的。
BUT IT ACTUALLY HAS A STEEL AND CONCRETE FOUNDATION 但是它实际上有一个钢筋混凝土的基础。
AND IT'S HELD IN PLACE BY PIERS THAT DESCEND 65 FEET. 它的位置是由桥墩在65英尺高的地方所控制的。
THOMAS: REMEMBER THAT THIS WAS ALL RECLAIMED LAND 托马斯：还记得吗，这都是填海造地的土地。
ON TIDAL MARSHES AND TO SUPPORT THIS GIANT MARBLE TEMPLE 在潮汐沼泽上，并支持这个巨大的大理石寺庙。
AND A HUGE STATUE, 还有一尊巨大的雕像
IT'S SUPPORTED BY DEEP CAISSON TYPE FOUNDATIONS 它是由沉箱型基金会支持的。
THAT GO ALL THE WAY DOWN TO BEDROCK. 一直到岩床的那一种。
GEOFFREY: ABOVE, THE 38,000-TON MONUMENT COMBINES STONE 杰弗里：上面，38,000吨重的纪念碑是由石头和石头组成的。
FROM SIX STATES, ON BOTH SIDES OF THE MASON-DIXON LINE. 来自6个州，在梅森-迪克森线的两边都有。
THOMAS: I THINK EVERY ASPECT OF THE DESIGN 托马斯：我认为设计的每一个方面都很重要。
IS ABOUT REINFORCING THIS IDEA OF THE RESTORATION OF THE UNION. 是为了强化这个关于恢复联邦的想法。
GEOFFREY: THE MARBLE STATUE INSIDE 杰弗里：在里面的大理石雕像，里面有一尊雕像。
IS NOT WHAT ITS SCULPTOR INITIALLY IMAGINED. 它不是它的雕刻家最初想象的样子。
THOMAS: AND THERE YOU ARE. 托马斯：你就在那里。
GEOFFREY: THERE HE IS! 杰弗里：他在那里！
GEOFFREY: DANIEL CHESTER FRENCH 杰弗瑞：丹尼尔。切斯特。弗瑞斯特。
PLANNED TO BUILD A BRONZE FIGURE, 我计划建造一个青铜雕像，它是一个青铜雕像。
WHICH WOULD HAVE BEEN ONLY 10 FEET TALL. 那应该是只有10英尺高的。
BUT THEN, HE PUT A MOCKUP IN THE MASSIVE TEMPLE. 但是，他在那座巨大的庙宇里放了一个模型。
WHY DIDN'T THEY GO WITH THAT? 为什么他们不同意呢？
BECAUSE I THINK IF YOU LOOK AT IT, 因为我觉得如果你看一下，
IT'S ACTUALLY THE SCALE. 它实际上是规模。
GEOFFREY: SO FRENCH DECIDED TO GO BIG, 杰弗里：所以法国人决定做大的。
19-FEET TALL, ATOP AN 11-FOOT PEDESTAL. 在一个11英尺高的基座上，有一个19英尺高的高度。
BUT DESPITE THE GODLIKE MAGNITUDE, 但是，尽管有上帝的存在，但我还是不喜欢。
FRENCH CAPTURES THE PRESIDENT'S HUMANITY. 法国人抓住了总统的人性……
KIRK: WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE STATUE FROM AFAR, 柯克：当你从远处看雕像的时候……
HE LOOKS THOUGHTFUL, 他看起来很体贴。
BUT WHEN YOU GET UP CLOSE AND SEE THOSE HANDS, 但是当你靠近的时候，看到那些手，……
YOU SEE THE TENSION, 你看到了紧张的气氛
THE TERRIBLE WEIGHT OF WHAT HE WAS DOING, 他所做的事情的可怕的重量。
WHICH WAS TO SEND ALL THESE MEN TO THEIR DEATHS. 把这些人送到他们的死里去了。
GEOFFREY: ON EITHER SIDE OF LINCOLN 杰弗里：在林肯的任何一边。
ARE TEXTS FROM TWO OF HIS MOST FAMOUS SPEECHES: 这是他最著名的两篇演讲的内容。
THE SECOND INAUGURAL AND THE GETTYSBURG ADDRESS. 第二次就职典礼和盖茨堡演说……
BUT THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 但解放奴隶宣言的颁布却被解放了
IS NOWHERE TO BE FOUND 无处可寻。
AND THERE'S BARELY ANY REFERENCE TO SLAVERY. 而且几乎没有任何关于奴隶制的参考资料。
LONNIE: THE LINCOLN MEMORIAL IS REALLY AMERICA'S DEFINITION 朗尼：林肯纪念堂是美国人的定义。
OF WHAT THEY THOUGHT THE CIVIL WAR WAS, 他们所认为的内战是怎样的呢？
WHICH WAS A WAR TO BROTHER AGAINST BROTHER 那是一场对兄弟的战争，是对兄弟的一场战争。
WHO PUT THAT ASIDE TO BRING THE UNION BACK TOGETHER. 是谁把这个放到一边，让工会重新团结起来。
AND BY EXPLORING RACE, YOU PROBLEMATIZE IT, 通过探索种族，你的问题，你的问题。
YOU ADD NUANCE AND COMPLEXITY, 你添加了细微的差别和复杂性。
AND MOST MEMORIALS ARE NOT ABOUT NUANCE AND COMPLEXITY. 大多数的纪念都不是关于细微差别和复杂性的。
GEOFFREY: AT THE DEDICATION, IN 1922, SEATING WAS SEGREGATED 杰弗里：在1922年的落成典礼上，座位被隔离开来。
AND SPEECHES GLOSSED OVER THE CAUSE OF THE CIVIL WAR, 关于内战起因的演讲和演讲都被掩盖了。
BUT THE MEMORIAL'S PLACE IN AMERICAN LIFE 但是在美国人的生活中，纪念馆的位置是这样的。
TRANSFORMED ALMOST OVERNIGHT ON EASTER SUNDAY, 1939. 在1939年的复活节上，几乎一夜之间就发生了变化。
我的国家…… ? MY COUNTRY... ?
WHEN MARIAN ANDERSON WAS BARRED FROM PERFORMING 当玛丽安。安德森被禁止表演的时候。
AT CONSTITUTION HALL BECAUSE OF HER RACE, 因为她的种族，所以在宪法大厅里。
THE ROOSEVELT ADMINISTRATION ARRANGED FOR HER TO SING HERE 罗斯福政府安排她在这里唱歌。
AND THE LINCOLN MEMORIAL SOON BECAME A STAGE 林肯纪念堂不久就成为了一个舞台。
FOR THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT. 为民权运动所做的。
I HAVE A DREAM... 我有一个梦想……
LONNIE: AND THE LINCOLN MEMORIAL BECOMES A SITE OF PROTEST, 朗尼：林肯纪念堂变成了一个抗议的场所。
OR A SITE OF PROMISE, DEPENDING ON YOUR POLITICS, RIGHT? 或者是一个充满希望的地方，取决于你的政治，对吧？
IT BECOMES THE PLACE THAT SAYS TO AMERICA, 它变成了对美国说的那个地方。
WE'RE ASKING YOU TO FULFILL THE PROMISE OF LINCOLN. 我们要求你履行林肯的诺言。
GEOFFREY: THE LINCOLN MEMORIAL IS NOT SO MUCH 杰弗瑞：林肯纪念堂不是那么的好吗？
A TRIBUTE TO ONE MAN, 是对一个人的致敬。
IT'S A MONUMENT TO THE VALUES WE ASCRIBE TO HIM, 它是我们赋予他的价值的纪念碑，我们赋予他的价值。
WHICH HAVE A WAY OF CHANGING OVER TIME. 有一种改变时间的方法。
EVEN TODAY, THAT'S ACTUALLY THE POWER OF THIS MEMORIAL, 即使在今天，这也是这座纪念碑的力量，
IS THAT IT CONTINUES TO EVOLVE AS WE DO 它会像我们一样继续进化
AND MOVE FORWARD THROUGH OUR HISTORY. 在我们的历史中前进。
GEOFFREY: IT DOESN'T COMMEMORATE 杰弗里：这并不是纪念我的。
AN IMPORTANT EVENT OR MARK A HISTORIC BATTLEFIELD. 这是一个重要的事件，或者是一个历史性的战场。
MOUNT RUSHMORE WAS BUILT FOR ONE REASON, TO DRAW TOURISTS. 为了吸引游客，拉什莫尔山的建造是为了一个原因。
AND SO, THIS IS LIKE THE WORLD'S BIGGEST ROADSIDE ATTRACTION? 所以，这就像是世界上最大的路边景点？
DAVID: YEAH, THAT'S EXACTLY RIGHT. 大卫：是啊，那是完全正确的。
WE'LL STOP HERE, THE NEXT STOP IS, 我们就讲到这里，下一站是，
I WANNA GO SEE THE BIGGEST BALL OF TWINE. 我想去看看最大的线球。
[GEOFFREY LAUGHS] 杰弗里笑
GEOFFREY: THIS WAS THE VISION OF DOANE ROBINSON, 杰弗里：这是多恩罗宾逊的愿景。
SOUTH DAKOTA'S STATE HISTORIAN. 南达科他州的历史学家。
HE SAW THAT WITH THE RISE OF THE AUTOMOBILE 他看到了汽车的崛起和汽车的崛起。
A NEW KIND OF TOURISM WAS TAKING OFF. 一种新的观光业正在腾飞。
THE ROAD TRIP WAS BECOMING AN AMERICAN PASTIME, 公路之旅正在成为美国人的一种消遣方式。
BUT ROBINSON KNEW IT WOULD TAKE SOMETHING MONUMENTAL 但是鲁滨逊知道这将会是一件很有纪念意义的事情
TO GET TOURISTS TO DRIVE ALL THE WAY TO SOUTH DAKOTA. 让游客开车去南达科塔州的路。
PEOPLE WILL COME AND THEY'LL FIND SOMETHING SPECTACULAR 人们会来，他们会发现一些壮观的东西
BEYOND THE SCENERY. 在风景之外。
THEY'LL COME AND SPEND MORE TIME, 他们会来，花更多的时间，
SPEND MORE MONEY. 花更多的钱。
GEOFFREY: FLIPPING THROUGH THE NEWSPAPER, 杰弗里：在报纸上翻来翻去。
ROBINSON FOUND HIS ANSWER. 罗宾逊找到了他的答案。
ON STONE MOUNTAIN OUTSIDE ATLANTA, 在亚特兰大郊外的石山上，有一处……
AN ARTIST NAMED GUTZON BORGLUM WAS CARVING A MASSIVE MEMORIAL 一个叫古兹堡的艺术家正在雕刻一个巨大的纪念碑。
TO HEROES OF THE CONFEDERACY. 给南部邦联的英雄们。
THE CONFEDERATE MEMORIAL SEEMED TO BE BORGLUM'S TICKET TO FAME 南方联盟的纪念碑似乎是博格勒姆的成名之道。
SO HE GOT FRIENDLY WITH SOME OF ITS BACKERS. 所以他和他的一些支持者很友好。
DAVID: DID HE ATTEND KLAN MEETINGS? 大卫：他参加了KLAN会议吗？
I THINK GUTZON BORGLUM WOULD ATTEND ANY MEETING 我认为古兹堡博格伦将出席任何会议。
THAT HE THINKS THERE'S A CHANCE OF GETTING MONEY 他认为有可能得到钱的机会。
TO DO WHAT HE WANTS TO DO. 去做他想做的事。
GEOFFREY: AS STONE MOUNTAIN GOT BOGGED DOWN 杰弗里：当石头山被困住的时候，我被困住了。
WITH FINANCIAL SQUABBLES, 与金融纠纷有关的
BORGLUM JUMPED AT THE CHANCE TO DO SOMETHING EVEN BIGGER 博格伦抓住机会做了一件更大的事情。
IN SOUTH DAKOTA. 在南达科他州。
DAVID: THE CALL CAME FROM DOAN ROBINSON 大卫：从杜安罗宾逊的电话传来的。
AND BORGLUM GETS EXCITED AND SAID, "YES, I WANNA DO THIS." 博格伦很兴奋，他说，“是的，我想做这个。”
GEOFFREY: DOAN ROBINSON TOOK BORGLUM 杰弗里：杜安罗宾逊带着博格勒姆。
TO SEE THESE GRANITE NEEDLES. 看到这些花岗岩的针……
GEOFFREY: DOAN ROBINSON'S IDEA WAS TO CARVE 杰弗里：杜安罗宾逊的想法是要雕刻的。
IMAGES INTO THE NEEDLES, BUT NOT PRESIDENTS NECESSARILY. 把图片放进针筒里，但不一定是总统。
NO, HE SAW WESTERN HEROES: 不，他看到了西方英雄：
GEORGE CUSTER, BUFFALO BILL CODY. 乔治卡斯特，野牛比尔科迪。
GEOFFREY: BUT BORGLUM ENVISIONED A MONUMENT TO AMERICA ITSELF 杰弗里：但是博格伦设想的是美国自己的纪念碑。
FEATURING PRESIDENTS WHO REPRESENTED THE FOUNDATION, 以总统的身份为基础，代表了基金会。
PRESERVATION, AND EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 保存，以及美国的扩张。
SO WHY TEDDY ROOSEVELT? 那么，为什么是泰迪罗斯福呢？
BORGLUM JUST LIKED HIM. 博格伦很喜欢他。
DAVID: BORGLUM LIKED HIM 大卫：博格伦很喜欢他。
BECAUSE HE SAW THIS ROBUST, KINDRED SPIRIT OF THE WEST. 因为他看到了西方强大的、志同道合的精神。
GEOFFREY: THOUGH BORGLUM DID CONSIDER 杰弗里：虽然博格勒姆确实考虑过这个问题。
PUTTING THE PRESIDENTS ON THOSE SPIRES, 让总统们在那些塔尖上放上总统。
HE EVENTUALLY SETTLED ON NEARBY MOUNT RUSHMORE, 他最终在附近的拉什莫尔山附近定居下来。
A FIVE HUNDRED FOOT SHEET OF FINE-GRAINED GRANITE. 一个五百英尺高的细粒花岗石。
BUT WHERE BORGLUM SAW A PERFECT CANVAS, 但是博格勒姆在那里看到了一个完美的画布。
NATIVE AMERICANS SAW HALLOWED GROUND. 土著美国人看到了神圣的土地。
PEOPLE SAY THAT IT'S BEEN DESECRATED 人们说它被亵渎了
BY CARVING WHITE LEADERS ON THE MOUNTAIN 通过在山上雕刻白人领袖
BECAUSE ALL THE BLACK HILLS IS CONSIDERED SACRED LAND. 因为所有的黑山都被认为是圣地。
GEOFFREY: DESPITE OBJECTIONS, 杰弗里：尽管有反对意见，但是……
WORKERS BEGAN BLASTING OUT THE SIX-STORY TALL SCULPTURE. 工人们开始炸出六层楼高的雕像。
DYNAMITE PROVED A REMARKABLY ECISE CARVING TOOL, Zha药是一种非常特殊的雕刻工具，它是一种特殊的雕刻工具。
GETTING TO WITHIN 3 INCHES OF THE FINAL FORMS. 在最后的表格中有3英寸的距离。
JACKHAMMERS FINISHED THE JOB. 杰克把他的工作做完了。
ORIGINALLY JEFFERSON WAS SUPPOSED TO BE 本来应该是杰佛逊的。
TO THE LEFT OF WASHINGTON, 在华盛顿的左边。
BUT AFTER STARTING WORK, 但是在开始工作后，……
CREWS FOUND THERE WASN'T ENOUGH SOLID STONE THERE. 工作人员发现那里没有足够的固体石头。
DAVID: BORGLUM JUST BLASTS THE JEFFERSON HEAD OFF, 大卫：博格勒姆刚把杰弗逊的头炸开了。
ABOUT $10,000 DOWN THE ROCK PILE 大约有1万美元在岩石堆上。
AND SO THEN THEY START JEFFERSON ON THE OTHER SIDE. 然后他们就从另一边开始了杰弗逊的工作。
GEOFFREY: THE SHIFT PUSHED LINCOLN 杰弗里：这一转变推动了林肯的发展。
TO THE RIGHT OF ROOSEVELT, 在罗斯福的右边。
ON ROCK WHERE BORGLUM HAD WANTED TO ETCH 在岩石上，博格勒姆曾想要刻蚀
A SHORT HISTORY OF THE NATION. 这是一个国家的简史。
BORGLUM ALSO HAD TO DITCH HIS IDEA FOR A HALL OF RECORDS 博勒姆也不得不放弃他的想法，去建立一个档案室。
HOLDING DOCUMENTS FROM AMERICAN HISTORY, 持有美国历史上的文件。
THE ONLY EVIDENCE OF IT TODAY IS A HIDDEN ROOM 今天唯一的证据就是一个隐蔽的房间。
BEHIND LINCOLN'S HEAD. 在LINCOLN的头部后面。
AND THEN, THERE WAS BORGLUM'S MOST PAINFUL CONCESSION YET. 然后是博格勒姆的“最痛苦的让步”。
IT LOOKS LIKE BORGLUM ORIGINALLY INTENDED TO CARVE THEM 看起来就像博格勒姆最初想要雕刻的
ALL THE WAY DOWN TO THE WAIST? 一直到腰部？
DAVID: YES, JUST AS THIS MODEL SHOWS, 大卫：是的，就像这个模型显示的那样。
BUT BY THE TIME 1941 ROLLED AROUND, 但是到了1941年，我的生活就开始了。
JUST THE HEADS WERE EXPOSED AND SOME OF THE COLLARS 只是那些头被暴露了，还有一些领子是……
AND THEY WERE OUT OF MONEY AND OUT OF TIME. 他们的钱都花光了，时间也没了。
GEOFFREY: ON HIS WAY TO LOBBY CONGRESS FOR MORE MONEY, 杰弗里：在他去游说国会的路上要花更多的钱。
BORGLUM DIED SUDDENLY 博格勒姆突然去世了。
AND HIS SON DECLARED THE UNFINISHED MONUMENT COMPLETE. 他和他的儿子宣布完成了未完成的纪念碑。
THE 400,000 VISITORS WHO DESCENDED ON MOUNT RUSHMORE 有40万名游客来到了拉什莫尔山，他们的人数超过了40万人。
THAT FIRST YEAR, WERE NONE THE WISER, 那一年，我没有比这更聪明的了。
THOUGH NOT EVERYONE WAS SATISFIED. 虽然并不是每个人都满意。
IS CRAZY HORSE, IN SOME WAY, A RESPONSE TO MOUNT RUSHMORE? 在某种程度上，疯马是对拉什莫尔山的回应吗？
I THINK SO. 我想是的。
GEOFFREY: ALREADY 70 YEARS IN THE MAKING, 杰弗里：已经有70年的历史了。
THE MEMORIAL, TO THE NATIVE AMERICAN LEADER 纪念碑，是美国印第安人领袖的纪念碑。
CRAZY HORSE WILL SOAR 500 FEET TALLER 疯狂的马将会比我高500英尺。
THAN THE HEADS ON NEARBY MOUNT RUSHMORE. 比附近的拉什莫尔山的头要多。
LULA RED CLOUD: SOME OF THE LEADERS GOT TOGETHER-- 卢拉的红云：一些领导人聚在一起——
THEY WANTED AN INDIAN PERSON HONORED 他们想要一个被尊敬的印度人
TO BALANCE OUT HONORING OF THE WHITE MAN HERE. 为了平衡在这里的白人的荣誉和荣誉。
WHY NOT HONOR THE AMERICAN INDIAN TOO. 为什么不向美国印第安人致敬呢？
GEOFFREY: CRAZY HORSE AND MOUNT RUSHMORE MAY PUT DIFFERENT FACES 杰弗里：疯狂的马和山，拉什莫尔可能会用不同的面孔。
ON AMERICAN HISTORY, YET BOTH FULFILL DOAN ROBINSON'S DREAM. 在美国历史上，这两件事都实现了罗宾逊的梦想。
SOUTH DAKOTA IS HOME TO NOT ONE, BUT TWO MONUMENTAL WORKS OF ART 南达科他不是一个，而是两个不朽的艺术作品。
THAT ARE PLACES OF PILGRIMAGE FOR AMERICAN TOURISTS. 对于美国游客来说，这是朝圣的地方。
WHY DO YOU THINK THREE MILLION PEOPLE A YEAR COME HERE? 你认为为什么每年有三百万人来到这里？
WELL, IT'S ICONIC, THEY HAVE TO SEE IT AS THEY TOUR AMERICA. 好吧，这是标志性的，他们必须在美国旅行时看到它。
THEY MUST STOP HERE. 他们必须停在这里。
ON THE OTHER HAND, 另一方面，
HOPEFULLY WHEN THEY'RE HERE THEY GET THAT OTHER MEANING OUT OF IT 希望当他们在这里的时候他们会得到其他的意义
THAT IS ABOUT THE IDEALS OF AMERICA, AMERICAN DEMOCRACY, 这是关于美国的理想，美国的民主，
THE GOOD THINGS THAT WE HAVE BEEN AS A REPUBLIC. 作为一个共和国，我们所拥有的美好事物。
GEOFFREY: TODAY IT'S AN ICONIC WORK OF ART, 杰弗里：今天，这是一幅标志性的艺术作品。
A MEMORIAL, 一个纪念碑，一个……
AND A GATEWAY TO THE WEST. 还有通往西方的大门。
BUT THIS MONUMENT STARTED 但是这个纪念碑是在这个时候开始的
AS AN EXCUSE TO TEAR DOWN A NEIGHBORHOOD. 作为一个借口，要拆除一个社区……
SO A LOT OF ITS RIGHT UNDER US RIGHT NOW? 所以我们现在有很多权利？
A LOT OF ITS STILL HERE. 很多东西还在这里。
WE'RE STANDING ON THE RUBBLE... 我们站在废墟上……
RIGHT. 对。
...OF THAT DISTRICT? 那个地区的……
RIGHT. 对。
GEOFFREY: TO UNDERSTAND HOW THE GATEWAY ARCH 杰弗里：了解一下大门的拱门是怎样的。
LANDED ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVERFRONT, 降落在密西西比河的河滨上。
YOU FIRST HAVE TO SIFT THROUGH THAT RUBBLE. 你必须先从废墟中筛出一遍。
IF WE HAD BEEN RIGHT HERE IN THE 1930S, 如果我们在20世纪30年代就在这里，
WHAT WAS HERE? 这里是什么？
WELL, WE WOULD HAVE SEEN 好吧，我们会看到
THE OLD HEART OF THE CITY OF SAINT LOUIS, 圣路易市的旧心脏，
THE RIVERFRONT WAREHOUSE DISTRICT. 河滨仓库区。
GEOFFREY: IN THE DEPTHS OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION, 杰弗里：在“大萧条”的最深处。
A LOCAL LAWYER NAMED LUTHER ELY SMITH 一名当地律师，名叫路德。伊利。史密斯。
SUGGESTED DEMOLISHING IT ALL. 建议拆除所有的东西。
THE BUILDINGS WERE AGING 这些建筑都是老化的
AND THE RESIDENTS WERE LARGELY AFRICAN-AMERICAN. 这里的居民大多是非洲裔美国人。
CITY LEADERS HOPED ST. LOUIS COULD CREATE JOBS 城市领导人希望圣LOUIS能创造就业机会。
AND BOOST REAL ESTATE VALUES 并提高房地产的价值
BY BUILDING SOME SORT OF MEMORIAL HERE. 通过在这里建立一些纪念物的方式。
LIKE MAYBE TO THOMAS JEFFERSON AND WESTERN EXPANSION. 就像托马斯杰斐逊和西方的扩张一样。
THIS WAS, AFTER ALL, THE GATEWAY TO THE WEST. 毕竟，这是通往西方的大门。
AND JEFFERSON, HE'D GO OVER WELL WITH THE WHITE HOUSE. 和杰佛逊，他会和白宫好好地过一遍。
EVERYONE KNEW THAT JEFFERSON WAS FDR'S FAVORITE PRESIDENT. 每个人都知道杰弗逊是富兰克林罗斯福最喜欢的总统。
GEOFFREY: ROOSEVELT FUNDED THE PROJECT 杰弗里：罗斯福为这个项目提供了资金。
AND NAMED THE WATERFRONT DISTRICT 我的名字叫“海滨区”。
AMERICA'S FIRST NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE. 美国的第一个国家历史遗址。
THEN, EVERY BUILDING WAS BULLDOZED. 然后，所有的建筑都被推土机推平了。
BOB: WHAT WE HAD WAS A NATIONAL TREASURE, 鲍勃：我们所拥有的是一个国家的宝藏。
THE BUILDINGS THAT WERE HERE, 那些在这里的建筑……
BUT WE REPLACED IT WITH AN INTERNATIONAL ICON. 但是我们用一个国际图标代替了它。
GEOFFREY: BUT HOW DID A MEMORIAL TO JEFFERSON AND THE WEST 杰弗里：但是对杰斐逊和西方的纪念是怎么来的呢？
COME TO LOOK LIKE THIS? 看起来像这样吗？
IT STARTED WITH A HOTLY- CONTESTED DESIGN COMPETITION. 一开始是一个激烈的设计竞赛。
THAT COMPETITION WAS REALLY AMAZING. 那次比赛真是太棒了。
I MEAN THE FIRST PRIZE WAS $40,000. 我的意思是第一个奖品是4万美元。
GEOFFREY: A FAMOUS NAME IN ARCHITECTURE WON, SORT OF. 杰弗里：建筑界的一个著名的名字，在某种程度上。
ELIEL SAARINEN WAS A WELL-KNOWN ARCHITECT FROM FINLAND ELIEL SAARINEN是一位来自芬兰的著名建筑师。
WHO LED AN ART SCHOOL NEAR DETROIT. 他在底特律附近的一所艺术学校里领导了一所艺术学校。
HE RECEIVED A CONGRATULATORY TELEGRAM IN SEPTEMBER OF 1947. 1947年9月，他收到了一封贺电。
REED: THEY HAVE A BIG CELEBRATION, 瑞德：他们有一个盛大的庆祝活动。
THE FAMILY OPENS BOTTLES OF CHAMPAGNE, 这家人开了几瓶香槟，
EVERYBODY IS VERY EXCITED THAT ELIEL HAS WON. 每个人都很兴奋，埃利尔赢了。
GEOFFREY: BUT THE TELEGRAM HAD BEEN SENT TO THE WRONG SAARINEN. 杰弗里：但是电报已经被送到了错误的SAARINEN。
THE WINNER OF THE COMPETITION 比赛的获胜者。
WAS ELIEL'S 37-YEAR-OLD SON EERO. 是埃利尔的儿子埃罗，他是37岁的儿子。
OOPS. 哦。
AND THE FATHER, GENTLEMAN THAT HE WAS, 他的父亲，他是，
GRABBED ANOTHER BOTTLE OF CHAMPAGNE AND OPENED IT 又拿起一瓶香槟，打开它
AND THEY ALL TOASTED EERO. 他们都烤了埃罗。
GEOFFREY: WHILE THE YOUNG ARCHITECT'S FUTURISTIC DESIGN 杰弗里：在年轻的建筑师的未来主义设计中……
WAS SURPRISING, 令人惊讶的是……
HIS CHOICE OF AN ARCH MADE PERFECT SENSE. 他对拱门的选择很有道理。
IT WAS NOT ONLY A SYMBOLIC GATEWAY TO THE WEST, 它不仅是通往西方世界的一个象征，而且是通往西方的大门。
BUT A NOD TO THOMAS JEFFERSON HIMSELF. 不过是对托马斯。杰佛逊本人的点头表示同意。
OF COURSE, THOMAS JEFFERSON IS THE FATHER 当然，托马斯杰斐逊是父亲
OF AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE 美国建筑
AND DRAWS VERY, VERY HEAVILY ON GREEK AND ROMAN PRECEDENTS. 在希腊和罗马的判例中，非常非常的重要。
GEOFFREY: BUT SAARINEN GAVE THIS ANCIENT FORM A TIMELESS TWIST. 杰弗里：但是萨里宁给了这个古老的形式一个永恒的转折。
REED: IT'S A VERY SIMPLE GESTURE THAT EVERYONE CAN SEE 这是一个非常简单的手势，每个人都能看到。
AND UNDERSTAND IMMEDIATELY. 然后马上就明白了。
IT DOESN'T ASK YOU TO REMEMBER 它并没有要求你记住这一点
ANY PARTICULAR PERIOD OF TIME OR ANOTHER. 任何一段特定的时间，或另一段时间。
YOU DON'T HAVE TO KNOW GREEK OR ROMAN OR CHINESE 你不需要知道希腊人，罗马人或中国人。
OR ANY OTHER KIND OF ARCHITECTURE, 或任何其他类型的建筑，我的作品。
YOU JUST HAVE TO LOOK AT THIS ARCH 你只要在这个拱门上看一下就可以了。
AND UNDERSTAND IT AS SOMETHING THAT FORMS A GATE 并将其理解为一种形成了一扇门的东西。
THROUGH WHICH YOU CAN PASS. 通过这个你可以通过。
GEOFFREY: THE LEGS WERE BUILT ONE STEEL SEGMENT AT A TIME, 杰弗里：一段时间内，每条腿都被造了一个钢段。
142 IN ALL. 总共有142个。
THEY WOULD HAVE TO MEET PERFECTLY IN THE MIDDLE, 他们必须在中间很好地迎接我。
BUT IN THE MEANTIME, 但与此同时，……
EACH LEG WAS ENGINEERED TO STAND ON ITS OWN! 每一条腿都被设计成独立自主的！
THE LEGS WERE OFFICIALLY JOINED ON OCTOBER 28, 1965. 1965年10月28日，这条腿被正式加入了。
THAT LAST TRIANGULAR PIECE JUST SETS RIGHT IN THERE. 最后一个三角形的部分就在这里。
YEAH, THERE WAS ONLY A TWO FOOT GAP. 是的，只有两英尺的差距。
SO THEY HAD TO TAKE JACKS 所以他们必须用千斤顶
AND JACK THE TWO LEGS APART TO FIT THAT LAST PIECE IN PLACE. 把两条腿分开来装上最后一块。
[MUSIC] 音乐
GEOFFREY: OH, MY GOD, 杰弗里：哦，我的天，我的天。
THIS IS NOT FOR THE CLAUSTROPHOBIC. 这不是为了让我有幽闭恐惧症。
BOB: RIGHT. 鲍勃：对。
GEOFFREY: AND JUST AS AT BUNKER HILL, 杰弗里：就像在邦克山的时候一样。
TOURISTS COULD HEAD TO THE TOP TO TAKE IN VIEWS. 游客们可以坐到山顶去欣赏风景。
I CAN FEEL MY EARS POPPING. 我能感觉到我的耳朵在冒。
YEAH, WELL, WE JUST CAME UP 630 FEET. 是啊，我们刚走了630英尺。
GEOFFREY: WHY DID SAARINEN WANT PEOPLE TO BE ABLE TO COME UP 杰弗里：为什么SAARINEN想要人们能够出现在我的网站上呢？
TO THE TOP OF THE ARCH? 到拱门的顶端？
THEY REALLY WANTED PEOPLE TO BE ABLE TO LOOK OUT OVER THE CITY, 他们真的希望人们能够俯瞰整个城市，
BE ABLE TO SEE THE BEGINNINGS OF WESTWARD EXPANSION 能够看到西扩张的开端
WHILE LOOKING OUT TOWARD THE WEST. 在向西方眺望的时候。
GEOFFREY: I CAN SEE IT! 杰弗里：我能看出来！
I CAN SEE THE WEST! 我能看见西方！
YEAH! 耶！
GEOFFREY: WHERE THERE WAS ONCE A HISTORIC NEIGHBORHOOD, 杰弗里：那里曾经有过一个历史街区，那里有一个历史悠久的社区。
EERO SAARINEN HAD HONORED THE PAST 埃罗萨里宁曾为过去的经历而感到荣幸。
WITH A NEW KIND OF MONUMENT FOR THE MODERN AGE. 在现代社会中，有了一种新的纪念物。
IT'S THE FIRST TIME SOMEONE STEPS OUTSIDE THE TRADITION 这是第一次有人跳出传统
OF NEOCLASSICAL EXPRESSION OF MEMORIALIZING 新古典主义的记忆表达
AND IT SHOCKS PEOPLE. 这让人们感到震惊。
IT'S THE MOST IMPORTANT PIECE OF MONUMENTAL ARCHITECTURE 它是不朽建筑中最重要的一块
OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY, WITHOUT DOUBT. 在二十世纪，毫无疑问。
GEOFFREY: THIS MONUMENT WAS THE DREAM 杰弗里：这个纪念碑是我的梦想。
OF ONE VIETNAM VETERAN 一名越战老兵
WHO WAS GRIEVING FOR HIS FALLEN FRIENDS. 他的朋友们都在为他的死而悲伤。
JAN: I WAS VERY AFFECTED BY TWELVE GUYS 简：我很受十二个人的影响。
WHO WERE KILLED IN JANUARY OF 1970. 在1970年1月被杀的人。
I WAS WITH THEM AND-- 我和他们在一起，还有——
THEY DIDN'T REALLY DIE FOR NOTHING, IN ONE SENSE, 从某种意义上说，他们并没有死于非命，
BECAUSE THE TRAGEDY OF THAT, 因为这个悲剧，
I THINK, HELPED CREATE THIS MEMORIAL. 我认为，帮助建立了这个纪念碑。
GEOFFREY: JAN SCRUGGS HAD JUST GRADUATED HIGH SCHOOL 杰弗里：简。斯瑞格斯刚刚从高中毕业。
WHEN HE ENLISTED IN THE ARMY AND SHIPPED OFF TO VIETNAM. 当他应征入伍并被流放到越南时。
DURING HIS ONE YEAR TOUR OF DUTY, 在他一年的工作之旅中。
HALF OF HIS COMPANY WAS KILLED OR WOUNDED, 他的公司有一半是被杀害或受伤的。
INCLUDING JAN HIMSELF. 包括简本人在内。
JAN: I'M NINETEEN YEARS OLD, 简：我十九岁了，我……
TWELVE MILES FROM SOME RUBBER PLANTATION, 离一些橡胶种植园有12英里远。
AND I PUT MY HAND LIKE THIS 我的手就像这样
AND MY HAND COMES JUST FILLED WITH BLOOD. 我的手刚好满是血。我的手被鲜血染红了。
SO I WIGGLED MY TOES 所以我把我的脚趾头都伸了一下。
BECAUSE IF YOU WIGGLE YOUR TOES IT MEANS YOU'RE NOT PARALYZED. 因为如果你扭动你的脚趾，那就意味着你没有瘫痪。
SO AT LEAST I'M NOT PARALYZED. 所以，至少我没有瘫痪。
GEOFFREY: JAN SUFFERED PSYCHOLOGICAL WOUNDS AS WELL, 杰弗里：简也受了心理上的创伤。
BUT HE DIDN'T FULLY COME TO GRIPS WITH HIS TRAUMA 但是他并没有完全意识到他的创伤。
UNTIL YEARS LATER, WHEN HE WATCHED "THE DEER HUNTER". 直到多年以后，他才观看了猎鹿人的节目。
[EXPLOSION] 爆炸
THE MOVIE BROUGHT BACK BURIED MEMORIES. 那部电影把我的记忆带回到了我的记忆里。
WHEN I SAW THE MOVIE, ALL THAT CAME BACK 当我看电影的时候，所有的东西都回来了
TO 1970 WHERE ALL MY TEN, TWELVE BUDDIES WERE ALL KILLED. 到1970年，我的十个人，十二个伙伴都被杀了。
GEOFFREY: THE NEXT MORNING HE AWOKE WITH A BOLD IDEA. 杰弗里：第二天早上，他醒来时带着一个大胆的想法。
JAN: SO I CALLED MY BOSS UP AND I SAID, 简：所以我打电话给我的老板，我说……
"LOOK, I'M GOING TO BUILD A NATIONAL MEMORIAL “看，我要建一个国家纪念碑。”
IN THE CENTER OF WASHINGTON D.C." 在华盛顿特区的中心地带。
HE SAID, "WELL, WE ALL NEED A MENTAL HEALTH DAY 他说，“好吧，我们都需要一个精神健康日。”
FROM TIME TO TIME. 不时地……
GEOFFREY: JAN HOPED TO BUILD SOMETHING 杰弗瑞：简希望能造出一些东西来。
THAT WOULD HEAL BOTH HIS FELLOW VETS 那将会治愈他的同伴们的创伤
AND THE NATION. 还有这个国家……
THE BROADER BENEFIT THAT I HOPED WOULD HAPPEN 我所希望的更广泛的利益
WAS THAT THIS WOULD SORT OF SERVE AS A SYMBOL 这是一种象征
OF UNITY AND RECONCILIATION. 团结与和解。
GEOFFREY: HE STARTED A MEMORIAL FUND 杰弗里：他创立了一个纪念基金。
WITH $28,000 OF HIS OWN MONEY. 他自己的钱有28,000美元。
WITHIN THREE YEARS, HE'D RAISED MORE THAN $8 MILLION 在三年内，他筹集了超过800万美元的资金。
AND CONGRESS DESIGNATED A PRIME LOCATION ON THE NATIONAL MALL. 国会在国家广场上指定了一个黄金地段。
WHAT WERE YOU THINKING THE MONUMENT WOULD BE? 你认为纪念碑会是什么？
I THINK WHEN I STARTED THIS, 我想当我开始的时候，
I KIND OF THOUGHT IT WOULD BE AN OBELISK. 我想它应该是一个方尖碑。
GEOFFREY: JAN LEFT THE ACTUAL DESIGN UP TO CONTESTANTS 杰弗瑞：简离开了真正的“设计”到参赛选手们。
IN A INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION. 在国际比赛中……
HE ONLY HAD ONE STIPULATION. 他只有一项规定……
YOU WERE VERY CLEAR, YOU WANTED ALL THE NAMES, RIGHT? 你很清楚，你想要所有的名字，对吧？
EVERY TEAM OF DESIGNERS HAD TO HAVE A DIFFERENT WAY 每一个设计师团队都必须有不同的方式
TO SHOW THE NAMES. 为了显示名字。
GEOFFREY: AFTER A BLIND REVIEW OF NEARLY 1,500 ENTRIES, 杰弗里：在对近1,500个条目进行了一次盲目的评论之后。
THE JURY'S UNANIMOUS CHOICE 陪审团的一致意见是……
WAS A SUBMISSION KNOWN ONLY AS NUMBER 1026. 这是一份被称为“1026号”的文件。
ITS ARTIST TURNED OUT TO BE A TOTAL UNKNOWN. 它的艺术家被证明是一个完全不为人知的人。
REED: MAYA LIN WAS AN UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT AT YALE. 瑞德：林璎是耶鲁大学的一名本科生。
SHE WAS STUDYING ARCHITECTURE, BUT SHE'S NOT AN ARCHITECT 她在学习建筑，但她不是建筑师。
AND SHE'S NOT EVEN OUT OF COLLEGE. 她甚至还没上大学。
SHE'S A KID. 她是个孩子。
GEOFFREY: MAYA LIN'S DESIGN BROKE WITH 杰弗里：林璎的设计与我的设计决裂。
TWO CENTURIES OF TRADITION. 两个世纪的传统。
AMERICAN WAR MONUMENTS HAD TYPICALLY BEEN WHITE, 美国的战争纪念碑一般都是白色的。
SOARING, AND TRIUMPHAL. 翱翔的，凯旋的。
REED: IT'S DARK, IT'S BLACK, IT IS COMPLETELY ABSTRACT, 它是黑的，是黑色的，它是完全抽象的。
IT'S A PIECE OF ABSTRACT ART. 这是一种抽象的艺术。
SHE PUTS IT INTO THE LAND. 她把它放到了陆地上。
IT DOESN'T TELL YOU HOW TO GRIEVE, 它并没有告诉你如何去哀悼。
IT DOESN'T TELL YOU HOW TO CELEBRATE, 它并没有告诉你如何庆祝，我的……
ALL OF THAT IS OPEN TO INTERPRETATION. 所有的这些都是对我的解释的开放。
GEOFFREY: LIN'S DESIGN WAS IMMEDIATELY CONDEMNED 杰弗里：林的设计立即受到了谴责。
BY VETERAN'S GROUPS AND MEMBERS OF CONGRESS. 由经验丰富的团体和国会议员所组成的。
LURKING BEHIND MUCH OF IT WAS RACE. 潜伏在它后面的是种族。
MAYA LIN IS ASIAN AND THE MEMORIAL IS TO AMERICAN SOLDIERS 林璎是亚洲人，纪念馆是美国士兵
WHO FELL IN ASIA. 谁在亚洲倒下了。
AND SO, THIS WAS MORE THAN MOST PEOPLE 所以，这比大多数人都要多
COULD WRAP THEIR MINDS AROUND. 可以把他们的思想包围起来。
GEOFFREY: TO APPEASE CRITICS, 杰弗里：为了平息评论家们的批评
A MORE TRADITIONAL STATUE WAS ADDED ALONG WITH A FLAGPOLE. 一个更传统的雕像和一个旗杆一起被加了进来。
AND THE MEMORIAL WAS DEDICATED ON NOVEMBER 13, 1982. 在1982年11月13日，纪念碑被奉献给了我。
GEOFFREY: WHAT WAS THAT DAY LIKE FOR YOU? 杰弗里：那一天对你来说是什么样子的？
TEARS, JOY, HUGS, VETERANS MEETING EACH OTHER, 眼泪，喜悦，拥抱，退伍军人相遇，
HOW DO YOU TOP THAT? 你是怎么做到的？
I MAXED OUT AT AGE 32. 我在32岁时就被淘汰了。
GEOFFREY: THE MEMORIAL DRAWS VISITORS DOWN FROM STREET LEVEL 杰弗里：纪念碑从街道上吸引来的游客。
TOWARD A QUIET, CONTEMPLATIVE PLACE, 到一个安静的，沉思的地方，……
AS THE WALL RISES ABOVE THEM. 当墙在他们上方升起的时候……
REED: AND IT ALLOWS YOU TO PUT YOURSELF RIGHT UP AGAINST IT. 里德：它允许你把自己的想法和它放在一起。
A BIG MEMORIAL ON A PEDESTAL, YOU CAN'T EVER BE A PART OF IT. 在一个基座上有一个巨大的纪念碑，你永远不能成为它的一部分。
YOU'RE ONLY LOOKING UP AT IT, YOU'RE NOT EVER IN IT, 你只是看着它，你从来没有在里面，
IN THIS ONE YOU'RE IN THE MEMORIAL. 在这个你在纪念馆里。
GEOFFREY: THE 58,000 NAMES ARE NOT LISTED ALPHABETICALLY, 杰弗里：这58,000个名字不是按字母顺序排列的，而是按字母顺序排列的。
BUT IN THE ORDER THEY DIED OR DISAPPEARED. 但是按照他们的命令，他们死了或者消失了。
JAN: SO WHEN I GO TO MY EVENT 简：所以当我去参加我的活动时
WHERE MY BUDDIES WERE ALL KILLED, 我的伙伴们都被杀了。
THEY'RE ALL RIGHT THERE. 他们都在那里。
GEOFFREY: THE POLISHED BLACK GRANITE 杰弗里：抛光的黑花岗石。
INVITES DEEPER REFLECTION. 让我更深入地思考。
JAN: ALL OF A SUDDEN I'M LOOKING AT MY FRIEND, 简：突然间，我正在看我的朋友，我的朋友。
WHO WAS KILLED IN THIS WAR AND I SEE MY OWN FACE. 在这场战争中被杀的人，我看到了我自己的脸。
GEOFFREY: AND YOU SUDDENLY E YOURSELF. 杰弗里：你突然间就有了你自己。
GEOFFREY: VISITORS TOUCH THE NAMES, MAKE RUBBINGS, 杰弗里：游客们摸了一下名字，做了些什么，做了些什么。
AND EVEN LEAVE OFFERINGS. 甚至还留下了祭品。
JAN: AND WHAT DOES THIS SAY? 简：这说明了什么？
DEAR BROTHER DEAR, THIS IS THE 36TH YEAR I HAVE BROUGHT WHEAT 亲爱的兄弟，这是我第36年带来小麦
FROM THE FARM TO THE WALL. 从农场到围墙。
GEOFFREY: PERHAPS MORE THAN ANY OTHER AMERICAN MONUMENT, 杰弗里：也许比其他任何美国纪念碑都要多。
THE VIETNAM VETERANS MEMORIAL 越南战争退伍军人纪念碑
CHANGED HOW WE COMMEMORATE OUR HISTORY. 改变了我们纪念我们的历史的方式。
MEMORIALS WERE NOW PLACES WERE VISITORS PARTICIPATED 纪念馆现在是游客们参加的地方了……
IN A HEALING EXPERIENCE. 在治疗过程中……
AND THEY COULD HONOR THE DEAD 他们可以向死者致敬
RATHER THAN THE CAUSE THEY DIED FOR. 而不是他们为…而死的原因。
JAN: I THINK, ONE THING IT HAS DONE IS IT HAS SHOWN 简：我想，有一件事已经完成了，它已经显示了……
THAT THE PEOPLE WHO SERVED THE NATION 那些为国家服务的人……
AND WHO FIGHT THE NATION'S WARS, DESERVE RESPECT. 谁在为国家的战争而战，应该得到尊重。
SO WE SEPARATED THE WAR FROM THE WARRIORS, 所以我们把战争从战士们中分离出来了。
SO SOME GOOD THINGS HAVE FLOWED FROM THIS. 所以有一些好东西是从这里流出来的。
GEOFFREY: IT BROKE EVERY RULE OF MONUMENT-BUILDING. 杰弗里：它打破了纪念碑的每一个规则。
IT STARTED IN MY BACKYARD A FEW BLOCKS FROM HERE 它从我家后院开始，离这里几个街区
AND EVERYBODY TOLD ME IT WAS THE STUPIDEST IDEA 每个人都告诉我这是最愚蠢的想法
THEY'D EVER HEARD OF. 他们听说过。
GEOFFREY: IT'S NOT MADE OF METAL OR STONE. 杰弗里：这不是金属或石头做的。
IT'S NOT DESIGNED BY A SINGLE ARTIST. 它不是由一个艺术家设计的，而是由一个艺术家设计的。
AND IT'S NOT EVEN LOCATED IN ONE PLACE. 它甚至没有在一个地方找到它的位置。
IT TURNED OUT TO BE THE MOST AMAZING THING. 结果证明这是最神奇的事情。
GEOFFREY: THE IDEA FOR THE AIDS QUILT CAME TO CLEVE JONES 杰弗里：“爱滋被子”的想法出现在克利夫琼斯的书中。
IN A SUDDEN FLASH. 突然闪过。
IN THE 1980'S HIS SAN FRANCISCO NEIGHBORHOOD 在20世纪80年代，他在旧金山的社区里。
WAS GROUND ZERO FOR THE EPIDEMIC. 对于流行病来说，是第0点。
BY THE FALL OF 1985, ALMOST EVERYONE I KNEW WAS DEAD, 到1985年秋天，我认识的几乎所有人都死了，
DYING, OR CARING FOR SOMEONE WHO WAS DYING. 死亡，或照顾即将死去的人。
GEOFFREY: AND YET THE WORLD SEEMED INDIFFERENT 杰弗里：可是世界似乎没有什么关系。
TO WHAT MOST STILL CONSIDERED A GAY DISEASE. 最常被认为是一种同性恋疾病的人。
THOSE FIRST THOUSAND TO DIE, ALMOST EVERY ONE OF THEM 第一批死亡的人，几乎每一个人
HAD LIVED AND DIED WITHIN SIX BLOCKS 在6个街区内生活和死亡
OF WHERE WE ARE RIGHT NOW AND THERE WAS NO EVIDENCE. 我们现在所处的位置，没有任何证据。
YOU LOOK AROUND, THERE'S BEAUTIFULLY RESTORED VICTORIANS, 你看看周围，维多利亚时代的人，
THERE'S RESTAURANTS, BARS, CAFES, 有餐厅，酒吧，咖啡馆，
AND THERE'S NO INDICATION THAT YOU'RE AT THE EPICENTER 没有迹象表明你在震中
OF THIS INCREDIBLE TRAGEDY. 在这场不可思议的悲剧中。
GEOFFREY: THEN, ONE NIGHT AT A CANDLELIGHT MARCH 杰弗里：然后，有一天晚上在我的烛光下
FOR THE MURDERED GAY POLITICIAN HARVEY MILK, THE IDEA HIT HIM. 对于被谋杀的同性恋政客哈维米尔克来说，这个想法击中了他。
CLEVE: I HAD STACKS OF POSTER BOARD AND MARKERS 克利夫：我有一大堆的海报板和记号笔。
AND I ASKED EVERYBODY PLEASE WRITE THE NAMES OF YOUR FRIENDS 我问每个人，请把你朋友的名字写在我的名字上。
AND YOUR LOVERS WHO HAVE BEEN KILLED BY THIS. 你和你的爱人被这个人杀死了。
AND THEN, I HAD EVERYBODY GO TO THE OLD FEDERAL BUILDING 然后，我让每个人都去了旧的联邦大楼
AT UN PLAZA AND WE COVERED THAT GREY STONE FA?ADE 在联合国广场，我们看到了那块灰色的石头
WITH THIS ODD PATCHWORK OF NAMES. 有了这些奇怪的名字。
AND I THOUGHT TO MYSELF, 我心想，
IT LOOKS LIKE SOME KIND OF STRANGE QUILT. 它看起来像某种奇怪的被子。
[SNAPS] 猛咬
AND IT CAME TO YOU SORT OF IN FLASH? 它是在FLASH中出现的吗？
YOU SAW THE QUILT-- 你看到了被子——
I KNOW IT SOUNDS PREPOSTEROUS, 我知道这听起来很荒谬，
BUT I JUST HAD THIS VISION IN MY MIND OF THE NATIONAL MALL 但是我在国家广场上有这样的想法
AND I SAW IT COVERED WITH FABRIC. 我看到它覆盖着织物。
GEOFFREY: CLEVE IMAGINED THAT EACH PANEL OF THE QUILT 杰弗里：克利夫想象着被被子的每一块面板都是这样的。
WOULD COMMEMORATE SOMEONE WHO HAD DIED OF AIDS, 将会纪念死于艾滋病的人。
THE VISION POSSESSED HIM FOR MORE THAN A YEAR. 有一年多的时间，他的视力已经得到了他的控制。
CLEVE: I COULDN'T STOP THINKING ABOUT IT. 克利夫：我一直在想这件事，我一直在想这件事。
I WAS BECOMING BORING. 我开始变得无聊了。
PEOPLE WERE LIKE, 人们就像……
"OH, NO, HE'S GOING TO TALK ABOUT THIS AGAIN." “哦，不，他要再谈谈这件事。”
GEOFFREY: A STRING OF CRISES COMPELLED HIM TO GET TO WORK, 杰弗里：一连串的危机使他不得不去工作。
A BRUTAL HATE CRIME LEFT HIM BEATEN AND STABBED, 一场残忍的仇恨犯罪留下了他的殴打和刺伤。
AND CLEVE DISCOVERED THAT HE HIMSELF WAS HIV POSITIVE. 克利夫发现他自己是HIV阳性的。
A LOT OF PEOPLE I KNEW GAVE UP AND THEY DIED. 我认识的很多人都放弃了，他们死了。
FIGHTING BACK WAS PART OF MY STRATEGY FOR STAYING ALIVE. 反击是我生存策略的一部分。
MY FRIEND JOSEPH AND I JUST ONE DAY STARTED MAKING THE QUILTS 我和我的朋友约瑟夫有一天开始制作被子
AND THEY WERE NOT ATTRACTIVE. 他们没有吸引力。
I'M NOT AN ARTIST, I CAN'T SEW, 我不是艺术家，我不会缝纫，
BUT WE MADE A LIST OF FORTY PEOPLE 但是我们列出了40个人的名单
WE KNEW WELL ENOUGH TO MAKE TRIBUTES FOR 我们很清楚地知道
AND WE CREATED THOSE AND THEN FINALLY PEOPLE COULD SEE IT. 我们创造了这些，最后人们可以看到它。
GEOFFREY: CLEVE SET UP A WORKSHOP IN THIS STOREFRONT 杰弗里：克利夫在这个商店里设立了一个工作室。
WHERE LOVED ONES COULD CONTRIBUTE PANELS. 爱的人可以在那里为他们做贡献。
HE HOPED THAT A QUILT, 他希望能有一床被子。
THIS EMBLEM OF HOME AND FAMILY, 这是家的象征，是家庭的象征。
WOULD INVITE A BROAD CROSS-SECTION OF THE COUNTRY 将邀请全国范围内的一个大范围的地区。
TO FACE THE CRISIS. 面对危机的时候……
I KEPT THINKING, THE PEOPLE WHO ARE GOING TO GRIEVE THE MOST 我一直在想，那些最悲伤的人
WHEN I DIE OF THIS HORRIBLE DISEASE ARE MY GRANDMOTHERS, 当我死于这种可怕的疾病时，我的祖母，
BUT THERE WAS NO REAL PLACE FOR THEM IN THE MOVEMENT. 但在这场运动中，他们并没有真正的立足之地。
THEY'RE NOT GOING TO PUT ON A BOMBER JACKET 他们不会穿上一件短夹克
AND SIT DOWN IN WALL STREET, 在华尔街坐下来，
BUT THEY LOVED ME AND THEY WANTED TO BE PART OF THE FIGHT. 但是他们爱我，他们想成为战斗的一部分。
AND SO THE QUILT WAS TRYING TO CREATE 所以被子想要创造
A PLACE WITHIN THE MOVEMENT FOR MORE PEOPLE. 在运动中有更多的人。
[HELICOPTER SOUNDS] 直升机的声音
GEOFFREY: ON OCTOBER 11, 1987, 杰弗里：1987年10月11日，
ONLY 8 MONTHS AFTER HE STARTED SEWING, 仅仅8个月后他就开始做针线活了。
CLEVE JONES SAW HIS VISION COME TO LIFE. 克利夫琼斯看到了他的幻象，他的梦想变成了现实。
CLEVE: CHRIS OLDS, R. KIRK SEATON, 克利夫：克里斯奥尔兹，我是柯克西顿。
AND MY FRIEND, MARVIN FELDMAN. 还有我的朋友，马文。费尔德曼。
THAT WAS 1,920 PANELS THAT DAY 那是那天的1920块嵌板。
AND I KNEW A GREAT MANY OF THOSE PEOPLE, 我知道他们当中有很多人，我……
MANY OF MY CLOSEST FRIENDS, ROOMMATES, COLLEAGUES. 很多我最亲密的朋友，室友，同事……
GEOFFREY: EACH PANEL WAS ROUGHLY THE SIZE OF A COFFIN. 杰弗里：每个镶板的大小大概和棺材的大小差不多。
IT TRANSFORMED THE NATIONAL MALL INTO A VAST GRAVEYARD. 它把国家广场变成了一个巨大的墓地。
CLEVE: I WANTED TO CONVEY THE ENORMITY OF THE CRISIS 克利夫：我想要传达的是这场危机的严重性。
AND STATISTICS ONLY CONVEY SO MUCH. 统计数据只传达了这么多的信息。
I SAW IT AS A WEAPON, 我把它看作是一种武器
TO FOCUS ON THE NEED FOR MORE RESOURCES, 为了获得更多的资源，我们需要更多的关注。
MORE FUNDING FOR RESEARCH AND CARE. 更多的资金用于研究和护理。
GEOFFREY: A FEW MONTHS LATER, 杰弗里：几个月后，我……
CLEVE TOOK THE QUILT ON THE ROAD. 在路上的时候，克利夫把被子拿走了。
CLEVE: WE BOUGHT A TRUCK NAMED STELLA 我们买了一辆叫斯特拉的卡车。
AND HIRED THE MEANEST TRUCK DRIVER WE COULD FIND, 并雇用了我们能找到的最吝啬的卡车司机。
HER NAME WAS DEBORAH. 她的名字叫黛博拉。
[LAUGHS] 笑
GEOFFREY: EVERYWHERE YOU TRAVELLED, 杰弗里：你去过的每一个地方，都是你旅行过的地方。
MORE PANELS GOT ADDED. 更多的面板被添加进来。
CLEVE: YEAH. 是啊，是啊。
PEOPLE WOULD HOLD QUILTING BEES IN THEIR COMMUNITIES, 人们会在他们的社区里为蜜蜂们提供棉被和蜜蜂。
CHURCHES AND SYNAGOGUES, COMMUNITY CENTERS, 教堂、犹太教堂、社区中心、社区中心……
LIVING ROOM FLOORS. 起居室的地板。
GEOFFREY: BUT EVEN AS THE QUILT WAS STARTING 杰弗里：但即使是在被子里也开始了。
A LONG-OVERDUE CONVERSATION ABOUT AIDS, 关于艾滋病的讨论已经很久了，我想说的是。
THE DISEASE WAS TAKING ITS TOLL ON CLEVE. 这个疾病的代价是在克利夫身上。
I WAS WASTING AWAY. 我在浪费时间。
I WAS DOWN TO A 120 POUNDS. 我的体重下降到120磅。
I COULDN'T WALK UNASSISTED. 我不能在没有帮助的情况下走路。
I WAS LOSING MY VISION. 我失去了我的视力。
I WAS LOSING MY HAIR. 我正在脱发。
I WAS DYING. 我快死了。
GEOFFREY: THERE WERE PROMISING NEW DRUGS, 杰弗里：有一些很有前途的新药。
BUT BUREAUCRATIC HURDLES 但是官僚主义的障碍
AND HIGH COSTS PUT THEM LARGELY OUT OF REACH. 而高昂的成本使他们的工作在很大程度上超出了他们的能力范围。
THOUGH THERE WAS AT LEAST ONE SIGN OF PROGRESS: 不过，至少有一个进步的迹象：……
WHEN THE QUILT RETURNED TO THE NATIONAL MALL IN 1996, 1996年，当棉被回到国家广场的时候。
IT WAS VISITED BY A SITTING PRESIDENT. 它是由一位在任的总统访问的。
CLEVE: AND I SAID TO THE PRESIDENT, 我对奥巴马总统说：“我是总统。”
YOU'VE GOT TO DO EVERYTHING YOU CAN 你必须做你能做的每一件事。
TO MAKE THESE MEDICINES AVAILABLE 为了让这些药物能得到有效的治疗
AND ACCELERATE THE RESEARCH. 并加速了这项研究。
SO IT WAS THE BEGINNING OF HOPE. 所以，这是希望的开始。
GEOFFREY: AIDS ACTIVISTS FOUGHT TO MAKE TREATMENT 杰弗里：艾滋病活动家们在为治疗而斗争。
MORE WIDELY AVAILABLE, SAVING THE LIVES OF MANY, 更广泛的应用，拯救了许多人的生命。
INCLUDING CLEVE. 包括CLEVE。
[CHANTING] 吟诵
CLEVE: I WAS ABLE TO GET ACCESS TO DRUGS 我可以获得药物的机会。
THAT HAD NOT YET BEEN APPROVED 还没有得到批准的那一项。
AND THOSE MEDICATIONS SAVED MY LIFE 这些药物挽救了我的生命
AND BROUGHT ME BACK FROM THE BRINK. 把我从悬崖边上拉了回来。
AND THEN LATER VERSIONS OF THE DRUGS KEPT ME GOING 后来的药物让我继续
AND KEPT ME STRONG. 让我坚强。
AND I'M 62 AND I'M ALIVE AND I'M HEALTHY 我62岁了，我还活着，我很健康
AND I'M STRONG AND I WORK FULL-TIME 我很强壮，我全职工作
AND I'M IN LOVE AND I'M HAPPY 我恋爱了，我很开心
AND I'M FIGHTING BACK. 我在反击。
[LAUGHING] 大笑
GEOFFREY: THE QUILT CONTINUES TO GROW. 杰弗瑞：被子还在继续生长。
MORE THAN 50,000 PANELS ARE STORED IN A WAREHOUSE 有超过5万个面板被储存在一个仓库里。
OUTSIDE ATLANTA 在亚特兰大以外的地方
AND SHIPPED ACROSS THE COUNTRY FOR PUBLIC DISPLAYS. 并在全国范围内进行公开展览。
IT REMAINS A MODEL FOR A NEW KIND OF GRASSROOTS MONUMENT. 它仍然是一种新的“草根纪念碑”的模型。
THERE NEEDED TO BE AN OUTLET, A WAY TO EXPRESS OUR GRIEF, 需要有一个发泄途径，一种表达我们悲伤的方式，
A WAY TO CONNECT OUR INDIVIDUAL EXPERIENCES, 一种连接我们个人经历的方法，
OUR FAMILIES EXPERIENCES, OUR NEIGHBORHOODS EXPERIENCES, 我们的家庭经历，我们的社区经历，
IN A WAY THAT HAD BEAUTY AND POWER AND IT WORKED. 这是一种拥有美丽和力量的方式，它起了作用。
GEOFFREY: IT WAS THE DEADLIEST TERRORIST ATTACK 杰弗里：这是恐怖袭击中最致命的一击。
ON AMERICAN SOIL UNTIL NINE-ELEVEN 在美国的土地上，一直到9点11分。
AND IT FOREVER CHANGED HOW WE COMMEMORATE 它永远地改变了我们纪念的方式。
THESE UNTHINKABLE ACTS. 这些不可思议的行为……
AMY: I HAD JUST GOTTEN BACK TO MY DESK 艾米：我刚刚才回到我的办公桌前。
AND THAT'S WHEN IT HAPPENED. 事情就这样发生了。
GEOFFREY: AT 9:01 ON APRIL 19, 1995, 杰弗里：在1995年4月19日上午9点01分。
AMY DOWNS WAS STARTING HER WORK DAY 艾米。唐斯的工作开始于她的工作。
AT THE MURRAH FEDERAL BUILDING IN OKLAHOMA CITY. 在俄克拉荷马城的MURRAH联邦大楼里。
IT WAS JUST SO LOUD AND POWERFUL AND JUST THIS RUSHING SENSATION. 它是如此的响亮和有力，只是这种匆忙的感觉。
EVERYTHING WENT BLACK AND I CAN HEAR SCREAMING RIGHT IN MY EAR, 一切都变黑了，我能听到我耳朵里的尖叫声，
"JESUS HELP ME, JESUS HELP ME." “耶稣帮助我，耶稣帮助我。”
AND THEN, ME REALIZING THAT WAS ME, 然后，我意识到那就是我，
THAT WAS MY VOICE. 那是我的声音。
I WAS SO TERRIFIED 我吓坏了
I DIDN'T EVEN RECOGNIZE THE SOUND OF MY OWN VOICE. 我甚至没有意识到自己的声音。
YOU LATER FOUND OUT YOU'D FALLEN THREE FLOORS? 你后来发现你掉了三层楼？
YES AND WAS STILL, IN MY CHAIR, UPSIDE DOWN. 是的，而且还在我的椅子上，上下颠倒。
GEOFFREY: A DOMESTIC TERRORIST HAD LEVELED THE 9-STORY BUILDING 杰弗里：一名国内恐怖分子把这座9层楼高的建筑夷平了。
WITH A TRUCK BOMB. 带着一辆卡车炸弹。
I WAS BASICALLY BURIED ALIVE FOR SIX AND A HALF HOURS. 我基本上被活埋了6个半小时。
IT TOOK THEM A LONG TIME TO GET ME OUT. 他们花了很长时间才把我弄出来。
GEOFFREY: 168 WERE DEAD AND MORE THAN 800 INJURED. 杰弗里：168人死亡，超过800人受伤。
THERE WERE 18 OF MY 33 CO-WORKERS 我的33个同事中有18个
WHO WERE KILLED THAT DAY. 那一天谁被杀了。
THIS WAS MY GROUP, MY FRIENDS. 这是我的团队，我的朋友们。
GEOFFREY: WITHIN HOURS OF THE ATTACK, 杰弗里：在袭击发生后的几个小时内，我就知道了。
A SPONTANEOUS MEMORIAL BEGAN. 一场自发的纪念活动开始了。
THEY FENCED OFF THE SITE 他们把网站围起来了
AND PEOPLE STARTED LEAVING THINGS ON THE SITE, 人们开始在网站上留下东西，
MUCH AS PEOPLE HAD BEEN LEAVING THINGS 就像人们一直在做的事情一样
AT THE VIETNAM VETERANS MEMORIAL. 在越战老兵纪念碑。
THE FENCE WAS JUST COVERED. 篱笆刚刚盖上了。
GEOFFREY: BUT SOON, PLANS WERE UNDERWAY 杰弗里：但是很快，我们的计划就开始了。
FOR SOMETHING EXTRAORDINARY: 为了一些特别的东西而做的事。
A MEMORIAL WHOSE DESIGN WOULD NOT JUST BE DICTATED 一座纪念碑，它的设计是不可能被口述的。
BY ARCHITECTS AND GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS. 由建筑师和政府官员所做的。
SURVIVORS AND FAMILY MEMBERS, 幸存者和家庭成员……
WOULD VOTE TO DETERMINE THE WINNER OF A DESIGN COMPETITION. 将会投票决定一个设计竞赛的获胜者。
THEY ASKED US FOR OUR INPUT. 他们向我们要我们的意见。
THEY WANTED US PART OF THE PROCESS, 他们想让我们参与这个过程，
WHICH, LOOKING BACK NOW, WHAT A HUGE RISK IS THAT? 现在回过头来看，这有多大的风险呢？
I MEAN, HAVE YOU EVER TRIED TO GET A BIG GROUP OF PEOPLE 我的意思是，你有没有试过让一大群人
TOGETHER AND ASK EVERYBODY, "WHAT'S YOUR OPINION?" 一起问每个人，“你的意见是什么？”
[LAUGHING] 大笑
GEOFFREY: THE WINNING DESIGN 杰弗里：获胜的设计。
WOULD COME FROM THE HUSBAND AND WIFE TEAM 将会来自于丈夫和妻子的团队。
OF HANS AND TORREY BUTZER. 汉斯和TORREY BUTZER的。
FOR INSPIRATION, TORREY READ BIOGRAPHIES OF ALL 168 WHO DIED. 为了获得灵感，TORREY读了所有168名死者的传记。
I THINK IT HELPED ME BETTER UNDERSTAND THEM AS INDIVIDUALS. 我认为这帮助我更好地理解他们作为个体。
GEOFFREY: AND THAT'S WHEN THE IDEA CAME, 杰弗里：当这个想法出现的时候，这就是我的想法。
TO CREATE EMPTY CHAIRS, ONE FOR EACH PERSON LOST. 为每一个失去的人创造一个空椅子，每一个人。
WE JUST THOUGHT, THIS IS SUCH A SIMPLE WAY 我们只是想，这是一种简单的方法
TO SPEAK TO SO MANY PEOPLE BECAUSE IT'S FAMILIAR. 和很多人交谈，因为这很熟悉。
GEOFFREY: OTHER PARTS OF THE DESIGN 杰弗里：设计的其他部分是……
GREW OUT OF DIFFICULT, FACE-TO-FACE MEETINGS 我的成长经历了一场艰难的、面对面的会议。
WITH THE COMMUNITY. 和这个社区的人在一起。
HANS: IT CHANGED HOW I UNDERSTOOD THIS PROJECT. 汉斯：它改变了我对这个项目的理解。
NO LONGER IS IT JUST THIS KIND OF MORE CEREBRAL EXPERIENTIAL 不再仅仅是这种更有大脑的经验的这种类型的东西了。
PROCESS AS AN ARCHITECT, 作为一名建筑师的过程
BUT RATHER YOU FEEL THAT WEIGHT IN A DIFFERENT WAY. 而是你觉得自己的体重有了不同的方式。
WHEN YOU SEE CRYING PARENTS 当你看到哭泣的父母的时候
AND THEY'RE LOOKING TO YOU TO MAKE IT LESS PAINFUL. 他们在找你，让你少点痛苦。
[MUSIC] 音乐
GEOFFREY: VISITORS ENTER THE MEMORIAL 杰弗里：游客们进入了纪念馆。
THROUGH THE GATES OF TIME, 通过时间的大门，……
MARKING THE MINUTES JUST BEFORE AND AFTER THE BOMBING. 在爆炸发生前和爆炸后的时间里标记了几分钟。
HANS: 9:01, IT'S THE MINUTE BEFORE, 汉斯：9:01，这是前一分钟，我的……
BUT IT ALSO SYMBOLIZES OUR PAST, 但它也象征着我们的过去，……
THE INNOCENCE THAT WE AS AMERICANS 我们作为美国人的天真是这样的。
WERE ENTERING INTO THIS MOMENT. 正在进入这一时刻。
SO OPPOSITE 9:01 IS 9:03, RIGHT? 9:01的9:01是9:03，对吧？
9:03 SYMBOLIZES OUR FUTURE 9:03代表我们的未来
THIS LINGERING QUESTION OF WHAT DO WE DO NOW? 这个挥之不去的问题是我们现在该做些什么？
GEOFFREY: AT THE REQUEST OF SURVIVORS AND FAMILIES, 杰弗里：在幸存者和家庭的要求下……
HANS AND TORREY INCORPORATED A TREE THAT WEATHERED THE BLAST 汉斯和托瑞在这棵树中加入了一棵能经受住爆炸的树。
AND PRESERVED A WALL FROM THE MURRAH BUILDING. 从MURRAH大楼里保存了一堵墙。
IT'S INSCRIBED WITH THE NAMES OF SURVIVORS. 它上面刻着幸存者名字的名字。
TORREY: IT SEEMED LIKE THIS MADE SO MUCH SENSE, 托瑞：这似乎是很有道理的，我的意思是。
TO REALLY HONOR THE SURVIVORS ON THE SURVIVING WALLS. 在幸存的城墙上，真正纪念幸存者。
GEOFFREY: YOU CAN REALLY SEE THE DAMAGE. 杰弗里：你真的可以看到损坏的地方。
HANS: RIGHT, THAT IS THE POWER OF THE SITE. 汉斯：对，这就是这个网站的力量。
YOU HAVE THESE-- THIS EVIDENCE OF VIOLENCE. 你有这些暴力的证据……
GEOFFREY: AND HANS AND TORREY WERE ASKED TO SAVE 杰弗里：还有汉斯和托瑞，他们被要求去拯救……
ANOTHER ARTIFACT, ONE THAT HAD BECOME ALMOST SACRED. 另一种神器，一种已经变得近乎神圣的东西。
ERIKA: A SEGMENT OF THE FENCE WAS ACTUALLY KEPT 伊里卡：栅栏的一部分被保存了下来。
IN THE FINAL DESIGN. 在最后的设计中。
I THINK IT'S AN INDICATION OF RESPECT 我认为这是一种表示尊敬的迹象。
FOR THE INITIAL RESPONSE THAT PEOPLE HAVE 对于最初的反应，人们的反应是这样的。
TO TRAGEDY AND TRAUMA. 对悲剧和创伤的影响。
GEOFFREY: AND THEN THERE ARE THE CHAIRS, 杰弗里：然后是椅子，我的……
ARRANGED IN NINE ROWS, ON THE VERY SPOT 在我的位置上安排了九排，在我的位置上。
WHERE THE NINE STORY BUILDING STOOD. 这9层楼的位置在哪里。
SMALLER CHAIRS COMMEMORATE 19 CHILDREN WHO WERE LOST. 小椅子纪念着19个失去的孩子。
EACH OF THE 168 CHAIRS IS ETCHED WITH ONE VICTIM'S NAME. 每168个椅子上都刻着一个受害者的名字，上面刻着一个受害者的名字。
SO ALL OF THESE CHAIRS REPRESENT MY CO-WORKERS. 所有这些椅子都代表我的同事。
THESE WERE YOUR CO-WORKERS? 这些是你的同事吗？
AMY: HMM-MM. 艾米：嗯，嗯……
GEOFFREY: WHAT DOES THAT MEAN TO YOU? 杰弗里：这对你来说意味着什么？
WELL THE CHAIR REPRESENTS AN EMPTY PLACE SETTING, 这把椅子代表一个空的地方，
TO ME, AT A TABLE. 对我来说，在一张桌子上。
THEY'RE MISSING. 他们失踪了。
GEOFFREY: WHILE THE OKLAHOMA CITY MEMORIAL 杰弗里：在俄克拉荷马城纪念碑的时候
OFFERED PLENTY OF LESSONS ABOUT HOW TO HONOR 我提供了很多关于如何向我致敬的课程。
WHAT TERRORISM HAS TAKEN AWAY, 恐怖主义已经带走了什么？
IT SUGGESTED SOMETHING EVEN MORE IMPORTANT, 它暗示了一些更重要的东西，我……
HOW TO LISTEN TO THE PEOPLE LEFT BEHIND. 怎样去倾听人们的意见，而不去理会那些被遗忘的人。
WHAT DO YOU FEEL LIKE WHEN YOU WALK THROUGH HERE? 当你走过这里时，你有什么感觉？
AMY: WE CALL IT SACRED GROUND, 艾米：我们把它叫做神圣的土地。
EVERY TIME WE'RE HERE WE FEEL LIKE WE'RE ON SACRED GROUND. 每次我们在这里的时候，我们都觉得自己好像在神圣的土地上。
THIS PLACE IS BEAUTIFUL AND IT'S PEACEFUL. 这个地方很美，而且很安静。
I MEAN IT DOES REPRESENT SOMETHING VERY DARK AND TRAGIC 我的意思是，它确实代表了一些非常黑暗和悲惨的东西。
THAT HAPPENS, 那就发生了。
BUT IT ALSO REPRESENTS THE HUMAN SPIRIT OF RESILIENCE 但它也代表了人类的坚韧精神。
THAT WAS SHOWN AFTERWARDS. 这是后来的。
GEOFFREY: WHETHER MARKING SACRED GROUND, HONORING SACRIFICES, 杰弗里：是否在神圣的土地上作纪念，以纪念牺牲，这是一种神圣的仪式。
HEALING DEEP WOUNDS, OR JUST DRAWING TOURISTS 治愈深层创伤，或者仅仅是吸引游客。
OUR REASONS FOR BUILDING MONUMENTS 我们建造纪念碑的理由是……
MIGHT SEEM TO BE ALL OVER THE MAP. 似乎在地图上到处都是。
AND YET BEHIND EVERY MONUMENT IS A BASIC HUMAN IMPULSE 然而在每一个纪念碑的背后都有一个基本的人类的冲动。
TO CONNECT US WITH SOMETHING LARGER THAN OURSELVES. 把我们和比我们自己更大的东西联系在一起。
I THINK PEOPLE BUILD A NEED TO VISIT MEMORIALS 我认为人们需要去参观纪念馆
BECAUSE AT A FUNDAMENTAL LEVEL WE ARE SOCIAL BEINGS. 因为从根本上说，我们是社会性的人。
AND MEMORIALS, IN A WAY, 在某种程度上，纪念馆，
TAUGHT TO BEING PART OF SOMETHING LARGER, 被教导要成为更大的一部分，
SOMETHING THAT ALLOWS US TO SHARE. 让我们分享的东西。
IT GOES ALL THE WAY BACK TO THE BEGINNING OF TIME, 它一直延伸到时间的起点，
PILING ROCKS ON TOP OF DEAD BODIES THAT BECOMES TOMBSTONES, 把石头堆在尸体上，变成墓碑，
THAT BECOME MEMORIALS. 这变成了纪念碑。
THIS IS A SHARED HUMAN EXPERIENCE 这是人类共有的经验
THAT GOES TO THE BEGINNING OF TIME. 这是时间的开始。
AND I BELIEVE, WILL BE WITH US FOREVER. 我相信，我们将永远与我们同在。