Hello, everyone!
Welcome to our class.
Last time we had a detailed analysis
of the first part of the text.
Now
let's go on with the body part of the text.
From the general analysis of the text,
we know that the body part of the text
is about the key changes in college years
which include the following:
The first key change is identity crisis
in the second paragraph .
The second key change
is the independence/dependence struggle
in paragraph 3 and paragraph 4.
Paragraph 5 deals with the third key change:
establishment of sexual identity .
In paragraph 6 the fourth key change
affection giving and receiving is discussed.
The fifth key change is internalization
of religious faith, values and morals
in paragraph 7.
The sixth key change is the development
of new ways to organize and use knowledge
in paragraph 8.
The seventh key change is college students'
new understanding of the world and themselves
in paragraph 9.
The body part of this text is about
the seven key changes during college years.
Next we'll analyze the seven key changes
one by one,
emphasizing the important language points.
Before analyzing the first key change
identity crisis,
here
I have two questions for college students.
My first question is
"How do college students
go through an identity crisis at college?"
My second question is
"What factors may influence identity?"
It is easy to find answers
to the two questions
in the second paragraph.
Students endeavor to find out
who they are and what their strong points
and weak points are.
They want to know
how other people perceive themselves
as well as how other people perceive them.
Our identity may be influenced by
genes, environment and opportunities.
The author uses topic sentence,
definition and citation
to analyze identity crisis.
The topic sentence is the first sentence
in this paragraph.
Which is,
During this time,
students are going through an identity crisis
and endeavoring to find out
who they are and what their strengths
and weaknesses are.
The definition of "identity"
given by the author is
"how people perceive themselves
and how other people perceive them".
According to Piers and Landau,
who we are is determined by three factors:
first, our genes given by our parents;
second, environment,
and third, unexpected things.
Identity crisis refers to the difficulties,
confusions and anxieties
that college students go through
during adolescence
when they are not sure who they are
and what their purpose in life is.
Next we'll discuss the second key change
the dependence/independence struggle
in paragraph 3 and 4.
Are college students totally
independent from the parents?
The answer is certainly "no".
They may become financially dependent
upon their parents
in pursuing a college education.
But they have chosen to grow and learn
how to be independent.
In paragraph 3,
an important point
is the different prepositions used after
"dependent" and "independent":
we say "to be independent from (or: of) "
but we say "to be dependent on".
For example:
Financially
they are still dependent on their parents.
Another example:
These banks are completely
independent of (from) each other.
In paragraph 4,
Jeffery A. Hoffman observed 4
aspects to independence.
What are they?
They are:
The first one is functional independence:
It means
that we can handle everyday life situations;
we have the ability
to solve practical problems.
The second is attitudinal independence:
It means that we are able to understand
and accept parents' or other people's
different attitudes, values, and beliefs.
The third is emotional independence:
It means
that we don't need parents to tell us
what to do or not do.
Sometimes
we also want to get emotional support
from parents,
but we are no longer little babies.
We can be OURSELVES.
The fourth is freedom
from excessive feelings:
It means that children often feel very guilty,
anxious, unhappy, afraid, and angry,
but we can calm down and judge ourselves
and others in a reasonable way.
In paragraph 4,
one important point is the different
prepositions used after freedom or free.
"Freedom/free from" means
no longer having sth. you do not want.
For example:
The most important freedom
our people should have
is the freedom from hunger.
Another example:
An ideal society is one
free from exploitation and oppression.
But "freedom of "
means having or enjoying sth.
For example:
All the people should have
the freedom of speech and expression.
Another example:
It created freedom of movement
and of vocational choice.
The difference between "freedom of"
and "freedom from"can be easily found
in the speech by Franklin D. Roosevelt
which is
"We look forward to a world
founded upon essential human freedoms.
The first is freedom of speech
and expression ¡ª everywhere in the world.
The second is freedom of every person
to worship God in his own way
¡ªeverywhere in the world.
The third is freedom from want¡­
everywhere in the world.
The fourth is freedom from fear¡­
anywhere in the world. "
OK. That's all for the first two key changes
in the body part.
Next time we'll go on analyzing
the rest of the key changes in this part.
Thank you for your attention.
And you can refer to the attached materials
for reference.
See you next time.