1
00:00:12,229 --> 00:00:14,935
By the end of October 1942,
2
00:00:15,082 --> 00:00:18,526
the city on the Volga
still has not fallen.
3
00:00:24,616 --> 00:00:27,850
The Fuhrer announces
to the German people:
4
00:00:28,548 --> 00:00:30,204
We have taken Stalingrad
5
00:00:30,552 --> 00:00:32,575
A few pockets of resistance remain.
6
00:00:32,792 --> 00:00:34,640
We will take them one by one.
7
00:00:35,084 --> 00:00:37,116
It is just a question of time.
8
00:00:39,634 --> 00:00:40,681
Stalingrad,
9
00:00:40,801 --> 00:00:45,806
has come to represent his victory over Russia.
10
00:00:57,156 --> 00:00:59,585
World War II
The Apocalypse
11
00:01:01,600 --> 00:01:05,200
Episode 5:
Allies Strike Back
12
00:01:20,646 --> 00:01:22,844
After two years of fighting in Russia,
13
00:01:23,139 --> 00:01:27,394
the Germans have threatened
to vanquish the eastern giant.
14
00:01:29,326 --> 00:01:33,183
In the north, Leningrad is
surrounded by the Germans.
15
00:01:36,614 --> 00:01:40,151
It has been a year since the Germans
entered this northern city.
16
00:01:44,798 --> 00:01:46,390
In the center Moscow,
17
00:01:46,694 --> 00:01:47,807
the target city,
18
00:01:48,112 --> 00:01:50,634
remains just within
reach for the Germans.
19
00:01:55,523 --> 00:01:56,277
In the south,
20
00:01:56,468 --> 00:02:00,346
the drive towards the Baku
oil fields has come to a hold,
21
00:02:00,493 --> 00:02:03,974
in the Caucasus Mountains.
22
00:02:07,364 --> 00:02:10,617
In Stalingrad, the Soviets
are holding their ground.
23
00:02:11,247 --> 00:02:13,244
Contrary to Hitler's declarations,
24
00:02:13,434 --> 00:02:15,868
Soviet boats continued
to cross the Volga,
25
00:02:16,252 --> 00:02:18,232
bringing over reinforcements.
26
00:02:21,493 --> 00:02:22,321
Every day,
27
00:02:22,441 --> 00:02:26,955
thousands of young Russian men sometimes
without any weapons or military training,
28
00:02:27,076 --> 00:02:28,985
are disembarked on the riverbanks.
29
00:02:29,316 --> 00:02:36,390
Those who back away from the German shells
are ruthlessly executed by the political commissars.
30
00:02:41,802 --> 00:02:44,896
On the 7th of November,
the anniversary of the revolution,
31
00:02:45,016 --> 00:02:49,671
the beleaguered soldiers holding Stalingrad
and the Soviet troops all along the front,
32
00:02:49,887 --> 00:02:54,798
listen to their commander in chief, Stalin,
make this astonishing declaration:
33
00:02:55,688 --> 00:02:58,787
Tomorrow there will be
celebrations in our streets.
34
00:03:00,107 --> 00:03:00,271
And indeed general Zhukov,
the man who saved Moscow,
35
00:03:00,271 --> 00:03:03,747
--Gueorgui Zhukov--
And indeed general Zhukov,
the man who saved Moscow,
36
00:03:03,747 --> 00:03:07,940
has a plan to keep those pockets of
resistance, fighting to the very end,
37
00:03:08,227 --> 00:03:13,339
in order to retain the German troops
of General Paulus inside Stalingrad.
38
00:03:14,396 --> 00:03:19,316
On the other side of the Volga,
Zhukov is secretly putting together an entire army.
39
00:03:23,812 --> 00:03:25,837
The country has been ravaged,
40
00:03:25,957 --> 00:03:28,013
1/4 of its territory lost.
41
00:03:28,597 --> 00:03:33,062
But the entire Soviet Union is toiling away
to provide this new army,
42
00:03:33,182 --> 00:03:34,925
with huge amounts of equipment.
43
00:03:36,104 --> 00:03:39,968
Factories that were moved out and
rebuild behind the Ural mountains,
44
00:03:40,088 --> 00:03:42,170
are operating 24 hours a day.
45
00:03:43,236 --> 00:03:44,265
In this endeavor,
46
00:03:44,385 --> 00:03:46,240
lives will be sacrificed,
47
00:03:47,130 --> 00:03:49,337
It is the winter of 1942.
48
00:03:50,122 --> 00:03:52,346
The women working
in these unheated,
49
00:03:52,476 --> 00:03:54,394
sometimes ruthless workshops,
50
00:03:54,522 --> 00:03:56,356
are cold and hungry.
51
00:03:57,104 --> 00:03:58,768
Many will die of exhaustion,
52
00:03:59,756 --> 00:04:03,433
but the country's industrial production
will increase ten fold.
53
00:04:05,933 --> 00:04:10,634
The United States is now providing massive
amounts of aid to the Soviet Union.
54
00:04:10,851 --> 00:04:15,429
The allies are able to reduce the threat posed
by German submarines in the north Atlantic,
55
00:04:15,646 --> 00:04:18,640
by forming protected
convoys to Soviet ports,
56
00:04:18,804 --> 00:04:19,970
such as Murmansk.
57
00:04:21,263 --> 00:04:23,522
Anti-communism is put on hold.
58
00:04:24,326 --> 00:04:27,530
For the Americans, Joseph Stalin
is now "Uncle Joe",
59
00:04:28,132 --> 00:04:30,400
and for the British
"Good Old Joe".
60
00:04:33,725 --> 00:04:36,438
The Russians receive
huge shipments of jeeps,
61
00:04:36,578 --> 00:04:38,809
tanks, planes and trucks,
62
00:04:39,489 --> 00:04:42,405
and cans of corned beef.
63
00:04:42,920 --> 00:04:45,897
When they open the tins of meat,
the Russian soldiers joke
64
00:04:46,183 --> 00:04:48,185
"We're opening
the second front".
65
00:04:49,368 --> 00:04:55,145
Along with Stalin, everyone expects the allies
to do more to alleviate their plight.
66
00:04:56,221 --> 00:04:58,148
--Egypt--
67
00:04:58,148 --> 00:04:59,134
--Egypt--
In Egypt however, the British are being
threatened by the Germans.
68
00:04:59,134 --> 00:05:01,547
In Egypt however, the British are being
threatened by the Germans.
69
00:05:01,548 --> 00:05:03,608
--Erwin Rommel--
70
00:05:03,608 --> 00:05:07,684
Romel, whom Hitler has just promoted to
Field Marshal after his victories in the desert,
71
00:05:08,128 --> 00:05:12,383
and his tank army "The Africa Korps"
are getting dangerously close
72
00:05:12,503 --> 00:05:13,660
to the Suez canal.
73
00:05:14,848 --> 00:05:16,828
They have reached El Alamein.
74
00:05:17,552 --> 00:05:19,558
The British Empire is in peril.
75
00:05:24,924 --> 00:05:25,685
The British Prime Minister Winston Churchill
comes to encourage his army in the desert.
76
00:05:25,685 --> 00:05:28,398
--Winston Churchill--
The British Prime Minister Winston Churchill
comes to encourage his army in the desert.
77
00:05:28,398 --> 00:05:29,574
The British Prime Minister Winston Churchill
comes to encourage his army in the desert.
78
00:05:30,983 --> 00:05:34,404
The situation is grim but he
retains his sense of humor
79
00:05:34,404 --> 00:05:37,455
and shares cheerful
moments with these men.
80
00:05:51,747 --> 00:05:54,409
He meets with the newly appointed
General Montgomery.
81
00:05:56,207 --> 00:05:57,313
--Bernard Montgomery--
82
00:05:57,313 --> 00:05:59,834
--Bernard Montgomery--
Montgomery wasn't Churchill's first choice,
83
00:06:00,637 --> 00:06:03,561
and all of these soldiers in the
desert are a little worried.
84
00:06:03,841 --> 00:06:08,289
The British, the Australians,
the New Zealanders, the South Africans,
85
00:06:08,289 --> 00:06:09,573
and the Free French.
86
00:06:11,202 --> 00:06:14,161
As soon as he arrived, Montgomery
the son of a clergyman,
87
00:06:14,161 --> 00:06:18,587
ordered a new program of strict
rules and discipline to be imposed.
88
00:06:19,309 --> 00:06:20,203
He is cautious,
89
00:06:20,342 --> 00:06:24,063
he waits until his army is superior
in terms of both men and equipment.
90
00:06:24,665 --> 00:06:26,960
The new American
"Sherman" tanks for example.
91
00:06:27,307 --> 00:06:29,899
Built for speed and power.
92
00:06:33,040 --> 00:06:36,647
El Alamein
October 23, 1942
93
00:06:36,923 --> 00:06:39,125
Montgomery launches
his offensive,
94
00:06:39,535 --> 00:06:44,315
with a preliminary artillery barrage,
followed by a massive tank assault.
95
00:06:47,217 --> 00:06:51,350
But the German 88mm flank guns
cause tremendous losses.
96
00:06:54,170 --> 00:06:57,130
Romel soldiers counter
attack relentlessly.
97
00:07:04,917 --> 00:07:07,043
The battle turns into
a bayonet charge,
98
00:07:07,285 --> 00:07:13,121
just like in the Battle of the Somme
in 1916 with heavy casualties on both sides.
99
00:07:13,927 --> 00:07:19,223
In this deadly game it is the side
with the most men that wins.
100
00:07:19,387 --> 00:07:21,821
In a letter to his wife,
Romel writes:
101
00:07:22,712 --> 00:07:25,251
We're simply being crushed
by the enemy's weight.
102
00:07:26,168 --> 00:07:27,797
He receives a message from Hitler:
103
00:07:28,193 --> 00:07:33,127
There can be no other thought than to stand fast.
Yield not a yard of ground.
104
00:07:35,181 --> 00:07:36,881
Romel writes back to his wife:
105
00:07:37,526 --> 00:07:41,441
I rack my brains for a way out of
this plight for my poor troops.
106
00:07:41,609 --> 00:07:45,455
We are facing perhaps the most
difficult days that a man can undergo.
107
00:07:46,547 --> 00:07:47,310
And he adds:
108
00:07:47,676 --> 00:07:48,632
The dead are lucky.
109
00:07:49,277 --> 00:07:50,373
It's all over for them.
110
00:07:53,114 --> 00:07:54,485
Romel retreats.
111
00:07:56,691 --> 00:08:02,054
In London Churchill announces to his fellow citizens
what is really the first good news of the war.
112
00:08:05,386 --> 00:08:07,724
Now, this is not the end,
113
00:08:08,527 --> 00:08:10,681
It is not even the beginning,
114
00:08:11,239 --> 00:08:12,099
of the end.
115
00:08:12,911 --> 00:08:16,194
But it is, perhaps,
the end of the beginning.
116
00:08:18,732 --> 00:08:21,662
Churchill's words ring
out around the world
117
00:08:22,186 --> 00:08:23,501
the old British lion,
118
00:08:23,621 --> 00:08:25,189
has stood up to Hitler.
119
00:08:30,020 --> 00:08:32,434
Back in his headquarters
"The Wolf's Lair",
120
00:08:32,712 --> 00:08:34,070
Hitler is scornful.
121
00:08:38,881 --> 00:08:39,592
He says:
122
00:08:40,027 --> 00:08:41,210
It is just a setback.
123
00:08:41,453 --> 00:08:42,619
The war will go on.
124
00:08:48,681 --> 00:08:49,855
And indeed it does.
125
00:08:50,431 --> 00:08:56,155
The Allies open up a new front in North Africa,
a first step towards controlling the Mediterranean.
126
00:09:00,108 --> 00:09:04,187
As in 1917, American troops
sail across the Atlantic.
127
00:09:05,815 --> 00:09:09,895
The French writer Antoine de Saint-Exupery,
who was exiled in New York,
128
00:09:10,075 --> 00:09:14,085
will return from the U.S.
with one of these military convoys.
129
00:09:14,808 --> 00:09:16,674
The author of the
"Little Prince" writes:
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00:09:17,547 --> 00:09:21,172
Friends in America, I'd like
to do you complete justice.
131
00:09:21,407 --> 00:09:26,220
50.000 soldiers were going to war
not for the United States but for humanity,
132
00:09:26,772 --> 00:09:27,960
for human respect,
133
00:09:28,393 --> 00:09:29,393
for human freedom,
134
00:09:30,313 --> 00:09:31,575
and human greatness.
135
00:09:42,233 --> 00:09:42,851
--November 8, 1942--
136
00:09:42,852 --> 00:09:45,362
--November 8, 1942--
Off the coast of Casablanca and Oran,
137
00:09:45,362 --> 00:09:48,300
the British and Americans
are greeted with cannon fire,
138
00:09:48,300 --> 00:09:50,625
from the Vichy French.
139
00:09:50,625 --> 00:09:52,636
They counterattack.
140
00:09:54,194 --> 00:09:56,980
North Africa is still controlled
by the Vichy regime
141
00:09:57,100 --> 00:09:58,867
which collaborates with the Germans.
142
00:09:59,538 --> 00:10:00,809
The fighting is violent
143
00:10:01,113 --> 00:10:03,915
and the Vichy forces
suffer extensive damage.
144
00:10:06,792 --> 00:10:11,152
The Free France leader, General de Gaulle,
makes a speech over the radio in London:
145
00:10:12,568 --> 00:10:16,280
To the French leaders, soldiers, sailors,
airmen, civil servants.
146
00:10:17,353 --> 00:10:20,347
French colonials of North Africa,
I say, rise up!
147
00:10:20,932 --> 00:10:25,521
Help our Allies!
Join them without hesitation.
148
00:10:26,811 --> 00:10:31,311
After two days of fighting against the
liberators the guns are silenced.
149
00:10:32,393 --> 00:10:34,715
The Allies secure their landing.
150
00:10:41,444 --> 00:10:42,432
--Algiers--
151
00:10:42,432 --> 00:10:43,580
--Algiers--
In Algiers the pragmatic U.S. commander in chief
General Eisenhower,
152
00:10:43,580 --> 00:10:46,335
In Algiers the pragmatic U.S. commander in chief
General Eisenhower,
153
00:10:46,335 --> 00:10:51,183
Dwight D. Eisenhower
negotiates with the Vichy regime's
military commander admiral Darlan.
154
00:10:52,180 --> 00:10:55,535
Darlan is one of France's
most die hard collaborators,
155
00:10:55,536 --> 00:10:56,927
--Francois Darlan--
156
00:10:56,928 --> 00:10:58,856
--Francois Darlan--
who'd even even met Hitler.
157
00:10:59,213 --> 00:11:06,066
He decides to switch sides and the French forces
in Algeria and Morocco, join the Allies.
158
00:11:07,053 --> 00:11:11,623
A few weeks later Darlan will be assassinated
by a French resistance fighter.
159
00:11:15,128 --> 00:11:18,648
Many of the French in North Africa
greet the Americans warmly.
160
00:11:19,348 --> 00:11:22,810
The Zouaves in the French army
of Africa are also relieved.
161
00:11:23,372 --> 00:11:25,491
They never really wanted to
shoot at the Americans.
162
00:11:26,181 --> 00:11:29,659
In fact, they will soon be fighting
side by side with them,
163
00:11:29,659 --> 00:11:33,092
like with almost all of the
other French colonials.
164
00:11:35,508 --> 00:11:38,486
As will the "Indigenous soldiers",
as they are called at the time,
165
00:11:38,604 --> 00:11:42,066
who will form the Moroccan and Algerian
"Tirailleur" units.
166
00:11:46,944 --> 00:11:51,051
The Axis powers have anticipated the
Allies by moving into Tunisia,
167
00:11:51,311 --> 00:11:53,964
a territory still controlled
by the Vichy regime,
168
00:11:54,321 --> 00:11:56,336
which allows the Germans to stay.
169
00:12:05,566 --> 00:12:07,990
Romel is retreating towards Tunisia.
170
00:12:09,126 --> 00:12:12,234
Two days later in order to secure
the Mediterranean coast,
171
00:12:12,556 --> 00:12:14,614
Hitler invades southern France.
172
00:12:14,848 --> 00:12:17,405
the hitherto unoccupied Free Zone.
173
00:12:18,523 --> 00:12:21,241
Hitler's orders are to
take the port of Tulon,
174
00:12:21,361 --> 00:12:23,592
where most of the Vichy navy is based.
175
00:12:24,587 --> 00:12:29,054
With a shaky autonomy now at risk,
the Vichy admirals decide to scuttle their fleet.
176
00:12:29,888 --> 00:12:34,991
They proceed to sink their own ships in order to keep
them from falling into the hands of the Germans.
177
00:12:35,533 --> 00:12:36,646
All the Allies.
178
00:12:37,406 --> 00:12:40,856
That is the tragic result of the
politics of the Vichy regime.
179
00:12:41,474 --> 00:12:43,278
But it's not good news for Hitler.
180
00:12:47,880 --> 00:12:53,097
With the arrival of the Germans, those Jews
hiding in the remaining pockets of French tolerance,
181
00:12:53,375 --> 00:12:54,803
have little chance of survival.
182
00:12:58,407 --> 00:13:03,564
Amidst the increasingly sinister atmosphere of
roundups and denunciations all over Europe,
183
00:13:03,684 --> 00:13:06,790
children are saved by courageous families.
184
00:13:11,272 --> 00:13:13,528
Like Carl de Brouwer's family.
185
00:13:14,357 --> 00:13:15,916
He is a Belgian banker.
186
00:13:18,015 --> 00:13:19,636
He films his four children,
187
00:13:20,158 --> 00:13:23,663
while he and his wife Denise
hide two Jewish children.
188
00:13:24,449 --> 00:13:30,079
Monique Mogoulsky, the 12 year old daughter
of an engineer, who is hiding somewhere himself
189
00:13:32,706 --> 00:13:35,324
and 6 year old Adrien Sapcaru.
190
00:13:36,162 --> 00:13:37,739
Adrien's mother was arrested
191
00:13:37,903 --> 00:13:40,556
and deported to a work
camp in eastern Europe.
192
00:13:43,399 --> 00:13:46,060
She will never return
from Auschwitz.
193
00:13:47,318 --> 00:13:52,011
By now many people suspect that when their
occupiers use words like "work camp",
194
00:13:52,564 --> 00:13:55,563
its true meaning
is death.
195
00:13:59,174 --> 00:14:02,990
Carl and Denise de Brouwer
are everyday heroes
196
00:14:02,990 --> 00:14:07,070
who will one day be awarded the title
of "Righteous Among the Nations",
197
00:14:07,070 --> 00:14:09,895
along with more than 20.000
other men and women,
198
00:14:10,094 --> 00:14:11,837
from all over occupied Europe.
199
00:14:18,846 --> 00:14:19,177
Stalingrad front
November 18, 1942
200
00:14:19,177 --> 00:14:22,434
Stalingrad front
November 18, 1942
3.000 kilometers away outside of Stalingrad,
201
00:14:22,554 --> 00:14:28,046
the Germans have been enjoying a brief respite
behind the lines before returning to fight the Russians
202
00:14:28,166 --> 00:14:31,906
in order to eliminate the
remaining pockets of resistance.
203
00:14:39,413 --> 00:14:43,883
The German army's flanks are defended
by units from the Reich's satellite countries,
204
00:14:44,003 --> 00:14:45,030
Romanians,
205
00:14:45,150 --> 00:14:47,503
Hungarians and Italians,
206
00:14:47,789 --> 00:14:52,787
who are totally unaware of the danger
looming just around the corner.
207
00:15:07,075 --> 00:15:10,970
A few kilometers away, the Soviet
troops are preparing to attack.
208
00:15:21,223 --> 00:15:23,031
They are ready to fight,
209
00:15:23,151 --> 00:15:25,303
and there are over a million of them.
210
00:15:29,192 --> 00:15:31,869
They are going to storm
the enemy's weakest units,
211
00:15:31,869 --> 00:15:36,533
in order to surround the
German army occupying Stalingrad.
212
00:15:41,358 --> 00:15:45,156
--November 19, 1942--
At 7 a.m. the Soviets obliterate the enemy's lines,
213
00:15:45,156 --> 00:15:50,489
pounding them with the rocket launchers
they call "Stalin's organs".
214
00:15:58,237 --> 00:16:01,660
Zhuchov's massive army
launches the offensive.
215
00:16:14,659 --> 00:16:20,331
The Hungarians don't have enough ammunition,
the Romanians don't have any anti-tank weapons.
216
00:16:25,142 --> 00:16:29,099
They, as well as the Italians,
lost a massive number of men.
217
00:16:37,709 --> 00:16:38,382
--Kalach on the Don River--
--November 23, 1942--
218
00:16:38,382 --> 00:16:41,839
--Kalach on the Don River--
--November 23, 1942--
The two Soviet armies from the North
and the South meet up.
219
00:16:42,668 --> 00:16:46,076
Soviet filmmakers use their skills
to glorify the movement.
220
00:16:54,096 --> 00:16:58,141
The Germans see the Soviet tanks
close the circle around them.
221
00:17:00,361 --> 00:17:05,024
General Paulus's 6th army
is trapped inside Stalingrad.
222
00:17:10,214 --> 00:17:11,860
Hitler is in the Berghof,
223
00:17:11,972 --> 00:17:15,106
his retreat in Berchtesgaden
in the Bavarian Alps,
224
00:17:15,446 --> 00:17:18,231
where he informed
of the Soviet offensive.
225
00:17:20,127 --> 00:17:23,734
His immediate reaction is to hide
this news from the German people.
226
00:17:27,503 --> 00:17:30,410
He rushes off to his headquarters
in East Prussia declaring:
227
00:17:30,767 --> 00:17:36,485
If the 6th army withdraws from Stalingrad,
the Wehrmacht will never be able to return.
228
00:17:39,106 --> 00:17:43,308
Paulus could still break out of the encirclement
but he would have to obey orders.
229
00:17:44,540 --> 00:17:48,086
For when Hitler arrives at the Wolf's Lair,
he sends him this message:
230
00:17:48,731 --> 00:17:50,099
Stand firm...
231
00:17:50,262 --> 00:17:52,399
...an army will come to rescue you.
232
00:17:55,810 --> 00:17:57,825
But no army is able
to reach them
233
00:17:58,111 --> 00:18:02,279
and the airplains of the Luftwaffe
failed to deliver sufficient supplies,
234
00:18:02,279 --> 00:18:05,201
in spite of the promises made
by the head of the airforce,
235
00:18:05,201 --> 00:18:06,321
Hermann Goering.
236
00:18:09,933 --> 00:18:11,549
Stalingrad
Christmas 1942
237
00:18:11,665 --> 00:18:12,437
At Christmas,
238
00:18:12,540 --> 00:18:15,071
rations are reduced
to 50 grams of bread
239
00:18:15,427 --> 00:18:17,065
and 12 grams of fat.
240
00:18:34,161 --> 00:18:37,477
Mussolini, who has just
lost an army in Stalingrad,
241
00:18:37,477 --> 00:18:41,715
is looking for a way to shift German
attention back to North Africa.
242
00:18:42,736 --> 00:18:43,753
He writes to Hitler:
243
00:18:44,477 --> 00:18:49,195
In my opinion Russia can never be annihilated,
she's defended by her very size,
244
00:18:49,552 --> 00:18:53,492
a territory so vast, that it can
never be conquered or held.
245
00:18:54,732 --> 00:18:59,748
The Russian chapter is over,
we should make peace with Stalin.
246
00:19:03,202 --> 00:19:04,525
What would Hitler do?
247
00:19:05,652 --> 00:19:10,816
To negotiate would be to admit that the
campaign in Russia was a huge failure.
248
00:19:12,880 --> 00:19:15,988
Future events, however,
will not give Hitler the choice.
249
00:19:16,957 --> 00:19:21,610
Roosevelt the president of the United States
has arrived in Casablanca in Morocco,
250
00:19:21,610 --> 00:19:23,927
to attend one of the most important
meetings in modern history.
251
00:19:23,927 --> 00:19:28,269
--Casablanca, Morocco--
--January 13, 1943--
to attend one of the most important
meetings in modern history.
252
00:19:28,568 --> 00:19:32,901
He and Churchill want to settle the prickly
question of French political power.
253
00:19:35,376 --> 00:19:36,064
Roosevelt wants to exclude De Gaulle,
254
00:19:36,064 --> 00:19:37,535
--Franklin D. Roosevelt--
Roosevelt wants to exclude De Gaulle,
255
00:19:37,535 --> 00:19:44,256
who since 1940 has been claiming his legitimacy
as the leader of the French resistance movement.
256
00:19:44,256 --> 00:19:45,596
Roosevelt says:
257
00:19:45,596 --> 00:19:47,365
General De Gaulle is a soldier,
258
00:19:47,556 --> 00:19:49,982
certainly a patriot and
devoted to his country.
259
00:19:50,680 --> 00:19:54,051
But on the other hand he is
also a politician and a sectarian
260
00:19:54,171 --> 00:19:58,537
and I believe in him he has all
the attributes of a dictator.
261
00:19:59,952 --> 00:20:06,088
Roosevelt prefers to invite another of France's
great leaders to Casablanca: General Giraud.
262
00:20:06,088 --> 00:20:06,938
--Henri Giraud--
263
00:20:06,938 --> 00:20:10,413
--Henri Giraud--
Taken prisoner in 1940,
he has just escaped from Germany
264
00:20:10,691 --> 00:20:12,224
and arrived in North Africa.
265
00:20:13,569 --> 00:20:14,980
He gaps a dashing figure.
266
00:20:18,863 --> 00:20:20,720
Churchill continues to support De Gaulle,
267
00:20:20,876 --> 00:20:24,359
who will invite in order to try to
reconcile the two rival generals,
268
00:20:24,360 --> 00:20:24,904
--Charles de Gaulle--
269
00:20:24,918 --> 00:20:26,770
--Charles de Gaulle--
which is not an easy task.
270
00:20:26,770 --> 00:20:28,161
--Charles de Gaulle--
271
00:20:28,261 --> 00:20:32,799
Roosevelt and Churchill agree that future cooperation
between the two adversaries is necessary,
272
00:20:32,799 --> 00:20:35,439
in order to save France.
273
00:20:35,439 --> 00:20:38,411
It is obvious that Roosevelt
has warmer feelings for Giraud,
274
00:20:38,699 --> 00:20:40,355
than for De Gaulle.
275
00:20:44,777 --> 00:20:46,732
Then at the closing
press conference
276
00:20:46,733 --> 00:20:50,567
Roosevelt and Churchill make a
declaration of the utmost importance.
277
00:20:50,982 --> 00:20:56,000
With great vehemence, they pronounce the words
that will henceforth become the Allies credo:
278
00:20:56,593 --> 00:20:58,659
"Unconditional Surrender"
279
00:20:58,799 --> 00:21:02,318
by Germany, Japan and Italy.
280
00:21:07,833 --> 00:21:10,044
There will be no
more negotiating,
281
00:21:10,471 --> 00:21:13,702
the Allies will keep fighting the
Axis powers until the very end.
282
00:21:14,723 --> 00:21:16,808
The price in lives will be high
283
00:21:17,234 --> 00:21:19,301
and many believe
that this radical position
284
00:21:19,755 --> 00:21:21,735
whose purpose is to
reassure the Soviets
285
00:21:22,336 --> 00:21:26,958
will only serve to increase the
Germans' devotion to their Fuhrer.
286
00:21:31,251 --> 00:21:33,426
Stalin is satisfied.
287
00:21:33,426 --> 00:21:36,677
He feared that Hitler would conclude
a separate peace with the Allies
288
00:21:36,677 --> 00:21:40,409
--Stalin--
in order to pit all of his forces against Russia.
289
00:21:43,493 --> 00:21:48,894
He launches his offensive to annihilate the Beast
still lurking in the ruins of Stalingrad.
290
00:21:52,366 --> 00:21:56,016
January 22, 1943
291
00:22:23,157 --> 00:22:26,432
Beyond the red flag
is the Univermag store,
292
00:22:27,628 --> 00:22:32,346
where the commander of the 6th army,
General Friedrich Paulus in entrenched.
293
00:22:32,777 --> 00:22:35,029
His men surrender.
294
00:22:36,448 --> 00:22:38,091
Friedrich Paulus
295
00:22:39,928 --> 00:22:42,004
January 31, 1943
296
00:22:42,005 --> 00:22:45,471
The day before, Hitler had
promoted him to Field Marshal,
297
00:22:45,471 --> 00:22:49,427
thinking it would compel him to commit
suicide in order to save his honour.
298
00:22:50,719 --> 00:22:52,716
Paulus, however, on
the verge of collapse,
299
00:22:52,977 --> 00:22:54,204
weakened by dysentery,
300
00:22:54,456 --> 00:22:56,995
and revolted by the
absurdity of Hitler's orders,
301
00:22:57,667 --> 00:22:59,279
allows himself to be captured.
302
00:23:00,537 --> 00:23:01,843
Field Marshal Paulus,
303
00:23:01,946 --> 00:23:04,521
is an extraordinary
rize for the Soviets.
304
00:23:06,986 --> 00:23:09,937
He is the man that masterminded
operation Barbarossa,
305
00:23:10,363 --> 00:23:12,360
the plan to invade
the Soviet Union.
306
00:23:13,951 --> 00:23:15,790
The Soviet leaders
can hardly believe it.
307
00:23:18,320 --> 00:23:23,061
Paulus will collaborate with the Soviets
and testify at the Nuremberg trials,
308
00:23:23,270 --> 00:23:24,917
against his former commanders.
309
00:23:26,367 --> 00:23:27,673
Such as Keitel.
310
00:23:30,786 --> 00:23:35,259
When he is released in 1953,
he will settle in East Germany.
311
00:23:36,342 --> 00:23:40,352
His reaction is mainly a rejection
of Hitler's outrageous policies.
312
00:23:41,242 --> 00:23:43,134
Many of his men feel the same way.
313
00:23:44,270 --> 00:23:45,751
Hitler can go to the devil!
314
00:23:46,431 --> 00:23:50,038
the German prisoners dare to mutter
in a few words of Russian they know.
315
00:23:51,252 --> 00:23:52,435
We want to go home.
316
00:24:00,124 --> 00:24:03,889
We can only imagine how the people
in the occupied countries must have felt.
317
00:24:04,561 --> 00:24:06,567
After the German defeat at Stalingrad,
318
00:24:07,168 --> 00:24:08,692
hope is revived.
319
00:24:10,327 --> 00:24:14,223
The German news broadcasts do not, of course,
show any of these images
320
00:24:14,545 --> 00:24:15,439
and Hitler says:
321
00:24:15,901 --> 00:24:17,697
We must not use the word "surrender".
322
00:24:18,079 --> 00:24:22,132
We must explain that all men were unable to receive
supplies and that is why they were beaten.
323
00:24:22,944 --> 00:24:24,399
We have to use the word:
324
00:24:24,581 --> 00:24:26,674
"Sacrifice"
325
00:24:35,133 --> 00:24:37,961
The Nazis want to turn
this national disaster,
326
00:24:38,082 --> 00:24:39,752
into an opportunity for
galvanizing the German people.
327
00:24:39,752 --> 00:24:42,682
--Berlin Sports Palace--
--February 18, 1943--
into an opportunity for
galvanizing the German people.
328
00:24:43,323 --> 00:24:45,488
The minister of propaganda, Goebbels
329
00:24:45,488 --> 00:24:51,925
assumes the task of mobilising all the nation's
energy and resources towards this end.
330
00:24:51,925 --> 00:24:54,850
I ask you
do you want total war?
331
00:24:54,850 --> 00:24:57,128
Yes!
332
00:24:58,398 --> 00:25:01,897
A war that is even more total
and more radical
333
00:25:01,897 --> 00:25:05,734
than anything we could ever
imagine?
334
00:25:05,735 --> 00:25:08,822
Yes!
335
00:25:09,373 --> 00:25:14,639
People, rise up!
Let the storm break loose!
336
00:25:20,746 --> 00:25:24,640
Deutschland, Deutschland uber alles
Germany, Germany above everything
337
00:25:25,847 --> 00:25:29,976
Above everything in the world!
338
00:25:32,198 --> 00:25:36,459
Deutschland, Deutschland uber alles
Germany, Germany above everything
339
00:25:42,761 --> 00:25:46,541
In the audience, seemingly
ecstatic, is Albert Speer.
340
00:25:46,542 --> 00:25:47,985
Albert Speer
341
00:25:47,985 --> 00:25:51,928
He will furnish Hitler with the
means to implement total war.
342
00:25:51,929 --> 00:25:55,206
Hitler calls him his only friend.
343
00:25:55,248 --> 00:25:59,756
The 38 year old architect, builder of
the Fuhrer's megalomaniac edifices,
344
00:26:00,078 --> 00:26:02,861
has been appointed
Minister of Armaments.
345
00:26:09,913 --> 00:26:12,951
Speer gives new impetus
to the German war industry,
346
00:26:13,431 --> 00:26:15,095
He is a masterful organiser,
347
00:26:15,557 --> 00:26:19,218
but above all,
he is an adamant Nazi.
348
00:26:19,547 --> 00:26:20,628
Under his orders,
349
00:26:20,748 --> 00:26:24,321
millions of foreign or Jewish
civilians will be rounded up
350
00:26:24,535 --> 00:26:26,147
and worked to exhaustion,
351
00:26:26,696 --> 00:26:28,559
or to death.
352
00:26:28,752 --> 00:26:35,159
After Russia and Poland, occupied France is the country that
provides the Nazis with the greatest number of workers.
353
00:26:37,292 --> 00:26:40,925
The Vichy regime institutes
a compulsory labor service
354
00:26:41,055 --> 00:26:45,100
and drafts 600.000 French
workers for Germany.
355
00:26:49,730 --> 00:26:53,538
Those who want to evade this service,
take to the forests
356
00:26:53,768 --> 00:26:55,468
and join the resistance movement.
357
00:26:59,316 --> 00:27:02,415
The song of these groups
is the partisan song:
358
00:27:05,099 --> 00:27:10,762
# Friend, do you hear the flight
of the crows over our plains? #
359
00:27:12,753 --> 00:27:16,233
--Vercors, France--
# Friend, do you hear the dulled cries
of our country in chains? #
360
00:27:16,233 --> 00:27:18,778
# Friend, do you hear the dulled cries
of our country in chains? #
361
00:27:20,587 --> 00:27:26,128
# Partisans, laborers, farmers,
take up your arms! #
362
00:27:26,795 --> 00:27:29,013
Underground resistance groups have been
created in all of the occupied countries.
363
00:27:29,013 --> 00:27:31,644
--Yugoslavia--
Underground resistance groups have been
created in all of the occupied countries.
364
00:27:31,644 --> 00:27:35,543
# Tonight, the enemy shall know
the price of blood and tears #
365
00:27:35,543 --> 00:27:41,303
# Come out of the mines,
come down from the hills, comrades! #
366
00:27:41,423 --> 00:27:45,560
# Take the guns, munitions and grenades
from under the hay! #
367
00:27:45,560 --> 00:27:47,048
--Greece--
# Take the guns, munitions and grenades
from under the hay! #
368
00:27:47,048 --> 00:27:48,349
--Greece--
# Hey you, hitmen,
with bullets and knives, kill swiftly! #
369
00:27:48,349 --> 00:27:52,710
# Hey you, hitmen,
with bullets and knives, kill swiftly! #
370
00:27:52,745 --> 00:27:58,033
# Hey you saboteurs, watch out
for your load of dynamite! #
371
00:27:58,153 --> 00:27:59,919
# We break open the jailbars
for our brothers. #
372
00:27:59,919 --> 00:28:02,749
--Norway--
# We break open the jailbars
for our brothers. #
373
00:28:02,749 --> 00:28:03,385
# We break open the jailbars
for our brothers. #
374
00:28:03,909 --> 00:28:09,244
# Here, we march on, we kill and we die. #
375
00:28:09,244 --> 00:28:12,665
--Russia--
# Friend, if you fall, a friend from
the shadows will take your place. #
376
00:28:12,666 --> 00:28:15,467
# Friend, if you fall, a friend from
the shadows will take your place. #
377
00:28:19,454 --> 00:28:20,893
--Poland--
378
00:28:20,893 --> 00:28:22,862
--Poland--
Behind the walls of the Warsaw Ghetto,
379
00:28:22,862 --> 00:28:23,247
--Warsaw Ghetto--
--April 19, 1943--
Behind the walls of the Warsaw Ghetto,
380
00:28:23,247 --> 00:28:25,632
--Warsaw Ghetto--
--April 19, 1943--
the Germans are confronted by a Jewish uprising.
381
00:28:25,632 --> 00:28:27,764
the Germans are confronted by a Jewish uprising.
382
00:28:36,362 --> 00:28:40,978
Before the war this area of Warsaw
was a lively open district.
383
00:28:41,098 --> 00:28:44,081
Filmed in color here, by an American tourist
384
00:29:09,463 --> 00:29:16,430
In 1940, the Nazis turned this pleasant area
of Warsaw into an overpopulated prison.
385
00:29:22,483 --> 00:29:27,158
This woman shrieks in grief as she carries
her dead child through the streets.
386
00:29:31,128 --> 00:29:33,667
The Warsaw Ghetto in 1941.
387
00:29:42,993 --> 00:29:45,708
The Ghetto in 1942.
388
00:29:50,279 --> 00:29:53,388
The Ghetto in 1943.
389
00:29:56,031 --> 00:29:58,439
The Nazis deliberately starve the people,
390
00:29:58,752 --> 00:30:02,132
in order to kill, weaken and
prevent any kind of revolt.
391
00:30:02,133 --> 00:30:03,687
--Warsaw Ghetto uprising--
392
00:30:03,687 --> 00:30:05,850
--Warsaw Ghetto uprising--
But the Jews managed to acquire weapons
393
00:30:06,741 --> 00:30:08,680
and they die fighting.
394
00:30:09,576 --> 00:30:13,429
The survivors are deported to the
Treblinka extermination camp
395
00:30:14,003 --> 00:30:15,733
and executed.
396
00:30:19,699 --> 00:30:23,294
The Ghetto is raised to the ground.
397
00:30:30,559 --> 00:30:33,984
At the same time the Allies win another victory.
398
00:30:34,104 --> 00:30:36,530
They enter Tunis.
399
00:30:39,390 --> 00:30:42,624
May 7, 1942
400
00:30:44,165 --> 00:30:47,385
Behind these gates the Germans
had already initiated policies
401
00:30:47,385 --> 00:30:51,289
to persecute the Jews in Tunisia
during their short occupation.
402
00:30:52,258 --> 00:30:56,162
The Jews immediately take the opportunity
to remove their yellow stars.
403
00:31:04,517 --> 00:31:08,142
The Italian prisoners receive insulting
gestures from the crowd.
404
00:31:19,628 --> 00:31:23,372
Romel, who is still in Tunisia,
is filmed by a German officer
405
00:31:23,372 --> 00:31:27,017
before boarding one of the last
planes leaving for Germany.
406
00:31:27,381 --> 00:31:29,544
In March 1943 he wrote:
407
00:31:29,857 --> 00:31:33,692
l have received instructions to take sick leave
and get myself back into shape.
408
00:31:34,057 --> 00:31:38,145
All my efforts to save my men and get them
back to the continent have been fruitless.
409
00:31:38,686 --> 00:31:44,579
Orders have been issued by the Fuhrer's headquarters to
maintain the utmost secrecy concerning my recall to Germany.
410
00:31:44,579 --> 00:31:48,593
My military reputation is still
to serve as a deterrent.
411
00:31:58,811 --> 00:32:01,203
Cap Bon, Tunisia
May 16, 1943
412
00:32:01,238 --> 00:32:03,423
The Africa Korps has been captured
413
00:32:03,711 --> 00:32:07,852
and is now marching in long lines
towards the American fleet ships
414
00:32:08,121 --> 00:32:11,475
to be taken away to the
other side of the Atlantic.
415
00:32:18,367 --> 00:32:25,293
During the war 380.000 Germans will be sent
over to Canada and the United States,
416
00:32:25,293 --> 00:32:28,145
from where escape is impossible.
417
00:32:29,094 --> 00:32:32,264
These prisoners are about to
embark on a strange odyssey.
418
00:32:32,586 --> 00:32:35,195
It begins on these
military transport ships.
419
00:32:35,508 --> 00:32:37,356
Many feel like they're in a dream.
420
00:32:37,661 --> 00:32:40,262
For them the war is over
and they are safe.
421
00:32:41,222 --> 00:32:45,815
However, for these German soldiers, the dream will
soon turn into a nightmare because even here,
422
00:32:45,815 --> 00:32:48,120
the Nazis remain in control.
423
00:32:49,625 --> 00:32:53,001
These men coming off the boat in
Canada insist on making a salute,
424
00:32:53,454 --> 00:32:56,720
even those with just one arm!
425
00:32:58,389 --> 00:33:01,489
Some prisoners are sent to
camps in Virginia and Texas.
426
00:33:01,785 --> 00:33:04,394
They work on cotton
or tobacco plantations.
427
00:33:12,328 --> 00:33:16,696
In these barracks Nazi law
continues to terrorise the prisoners.
428
00:33:22,973 --> 00:33:24,053
LONG LIVE OUR FUHRER
429
00:33:24,053 --> 00:33:25,603
LONG LIVE OUR FUHRER
Within a short time Nazi officers
have taken control of the prisons
430
00:33:25,603 --> 00:33:28,044
Within a short time Nazi officers
have taken control of the prisons
431
00:33:28,044 --> 00:33:30,049
using intimidation, torture
432
00:33:30,344 --> 00:33:35,141
and even murder to maintain fascist
ideology among their fellow prisoners.
433
00:33:38,577 --> 00:33:43,978
And this message must reach the German soldiers
fighting and suffering on all of the German fronts.
434
00:33:44,310 --> 00:33:46,648
They have to understand that
they have nothing to gain,
435
00:33:46,812 --> 00:33:49,439
from turning themselves in to the Allies.
436
00:33:59,542 --> 00:34:02,508
On the eastern front ever
since the fall of Stalingrad,
437
00:34:02,508 --> 00:34:05,049
the Wehrmacht is never the same.
438
00:34:09,168 --> 00:34:12,328
The soldiers exchange
rumours about the Fuhrer:
439
00:34:14,217 --> 00:34:15,601
Apparently he's lost his head!
440
00:34:16,054 --> 00:34:19,600
He's being secretly held in Berchtesgaden,
it's his double that we're seeing!
441
00:34:25,435 --> 00:34:30,739
But no, it is Hitler himself filmed here in
Berchtesgaden by his mistress Eva Braun.
442
00:34:36,687 --> 00:34:39,909
Since his army's defeat
at Stalingrad and El Alamein,
443
00:34:40,169 --> 00:34:41,099
he's changed.
444
00:34:41,412 --> 00:34:43,269
His famous moustache
has greyed.
445
00:34:44,326 --> 00:34:47,592
One of his generals, von Senger,
is struck by his appearance.
446
00:34:47,948 --> 00:34:48,493
He says:
447
00:34:49,304 --> 00:34:50,723
His skin was flaccid.
448
00:34:51,011 --> 00:34:54,093
The look in his blue eyes which
had mesmerized the crowds
449
00:34:54,554 --> 00:34:56,730
was reddened by insomnia.
450
00:35:02,001 --> 00:35:05,562
In fact his physician Dr Morell,
has concocted cocaine eye drops for him.
451
00:35:05,562 --> 00:35:09,231
--Theo Morell--
In fact his physician Dr Morell,
has concocted cocaine eye drops for him.
452
00:35:12,895 --> 00:35:18,541
Morell is filmed here on the 20th of April 1943
with the secretaries and close friends,
453
00:35:18,766 --> 00:35:21,855
who've come to wish the Fuhrer,
a happy birthday.
454
00:35:22,292 --> 00:35:23,940
He is only 54.
455
00:35:28,353 --> 00:35:31,131
Morrell is able to make him
presentable for ceremonies.
456
00:35:32,215 --> 00:35:35,253
Hitler, however, is careful to
keep his left arm under control.
457
00:35:36,581 --> 00:35:37,738
It tends to tremble.
458
00:35:39,048 --> 00:35:41,981
He is already showing signs of Parkinson's disease.
459
00:35:50,703 --> 00:35:55,378
As a result, the head of the SS, Himmler
becomes even more important.
460
00:35:56,587 --> 00:35:59,395
Heinrich Himmler
461
00:35:59,969 --> 00:36:04,985
The SS whose recruits were now coming from the
Hitler Youth, started out as the Schutzstaffel,
462
00:36:05,351 --> 00:36:07,549
the protection squad for Nazi officials.
463
00:36:07,985 --> 00:36:12,179
Later it will provide the guards
for the concentration camps.
464
00:36:14,530 --> 00:36:17,315
The SS has now created a
veritable army of its own...
465
00:36:17,889 --> 00:36:19,536
...the Waffen SS.
466
00:36:22,186 --> 00:36:25,329
In the future these elite troops,
under Himmler's orders,
467
00:36:25,773 --> 00:36:27,770
are expected to replace the Wehrmacht,
468
00:36:28,101 --> 00:36:31,399
which is no longer considered completely loyal.
469
00:36:33,814 --> 00:36:37,141
Increasingly Himler recruits
from the occupied countries,
470
00:36:37,463 --> 00:36:39,819
fanatics such as these Bosnian SS.
471
00:37:01,316 --> 00:37:07,102
In the occupied areas of Russia, the SS also has
no problem recruiting two divisions of Cossacks,
472
00:37:07,528 --> 00:37:12,754
who during the time of the Tsars were already
known for their bloody anti-semitic pogroms.
473
00:37:14,152 --> 00:37:18,959
They will form the fearsome
"15th SS Cavalry Corps".
474
00:37:26,157 --> 00:37:27,331
As for the Wehrmacht,
475
00:37:27,469 --> 00:37:31,855
it with enlist as many as one 1.000.000
Soviet prisoners who have no other choice.
476
00:37:32,221 --> 00:37:33,588
They can either die of hunger,
477
00:37:33,883 --> 00:37:36,002
or fight alongside the Germans.
478
00:37:37,086 --> 00:37:41,858
Some like former Soviet general Andrei Vlasov,
are also against Stalin.
479
00:37:42,791 --> 00:37:46,594
After the German siege of Leningrad,
Vlasov was taken prisoner
480
00:37:46,947 --> 00:37:48,288
and changed sides.
481
00:37:49,231 --> 00:37:51,560
He will command the
Russian liberation army,
482
00:37:52,066 --> 00:37:53,792
under the flag of the Wehrmacht.
483
00:37:58,401 --> 00:38:02,743
The Germans outfit this veritable foreign
legion of theirs with the best equipment,
484
00:38:03,800 --> 00:38:08,098
such as the "Tiger" tank designed by the
brilliant engineer Ferdinand Porsche.
485
00:38:10,773 --> 00:38:16,614
With its 88mm gun, the Tiger was the
most dreaded of the German tanks.
486
00:38:24,659 --> 00:38:28,546
As a result back in the Wolf's Lair,
Hitler starts to feel hopeful again.
487
00:38:29,070 --> 00:38:32,607
He can now renew his obsession
with destroying the Red Army.
488
00:38:37,426 --> 00:38:38,592
He wants to attack,
489
00:38:39,219 --> 00:38:41,025
at Kursk.
490
00:38:43,096 --> 00:38:45,933
The Russians have pushed
forward into the front lines
491
00:38:46,386 --> 00:38:48,961
and Germany will launch a massive summer offensive.
492
00:38:49,623 --> 00:38:50,946
Operation Zitadelle.
493
00:38:51,995 --> 00:38:54,974
The biggest tank battle in history.
494
00:38:55,009 --> 00:39:01,114
2.700 German tanks are preparing
to combat 3.600 Soviet tanks.
495
00:39:01,716 --> 00:39:04,291
But the technical superiority
of the German "Tiger",
496
00:39:04,629 --> 00:39:06,381
appears to be overwhelming.
497
00:39:11,370 --> 00:39:14,244
Hitler knows the importance
of this battle.
498
00:39:14,298 --> 00:39:17,389
To lead his force
of 900.000 soldiers,
499
00:39:17,571 --> 00:39:20,356
he has chosen a man who helped him
to win the battle of France,
500
00:39:20,356 --> 00:39:20,886
--Erich von Manstein--
he has chosen a man who helped him
to win the battle of France,
501
00:39:20,886 --> 00:39:23,376
--Erich von Manstein--
field marshal von Manstein.
502
00:39:37,625 --> 00:39:41,854
The offensive lead by the Tiger tanks
breaks through the Soviet lines,
503
00:39:42,001 --> 00:39:45,803
but encounters a brutal anti-armour
defence setup by the Soviets
504
00:39:46,170 --> 00:39:49,140
and dense concentrations of tanks.
505
00:39:57,322 --> 00:39:59,529
The Wehrmacht's troops
are pushed back.
506
00:40:00,227 --> 00:40:04,151
Even the formidable Tiger tanks
are falling victim to the Soviets.
507
00:40:10,596 --> 00:40:12,628
And the Soviets have a secret weapon.
508
00:40:12,810 --> 00:40:18,211
The British have succeeded in capturing and decoding
the German encryption machine called "Enigma"
509
00:40:18,322 --> 00:40:22,760
and they are now able to read all
of the most secret German orders.
510
00:40:23,750 --> 00:40:26,225
The powerful Soviet Secret
Service in Great Britain
511
00:40:26,477 --> 00:40:30,771
have managed to pass on the decoded
operation plans to Moscow.
512
00:40:40,306 --> 00:40:42,833
This war is also an espionage war.
513
00:40:48,387 --> 00:40:51,303
At Kursk, the outcome is
devastating for the Germans,
514
00:40:51,520 --> 00:40:54,305
who have already lost
50.000 men in this battle.
515
00:41:03,867 --> 00:41:07,927
Von Manstein wants reinforcements
in order to continue his offensive.
516
00:41:09,544 --> 00:41:10,876
He's waiting for Hitler.
517
00:41:16,912 --> 00:41:18,139
He immediately tells him:
518
00:41:18,356 --> 00:41:19,618
We have suffered losses
519
00:41:20,062 --> 00:41:23,089
but the Russians have too,
even worse.
520
00:41:24,654 --> 00:41:28,426
Hitler seems very hesitant.
He mutters a few inanities.
521
00:41:29,757 --> 00:41:31,036
Von Manstein will write:
522
00:41:31,778 --> 00:41:33,442
He seems to me
to be quite feeble.
523
00:41:35,156 --> 00:41:36,850
This impression is confirmed
524
00:41:36,851 --> 00:41:41,477
when Von Manstein shows Hitler the
figures of the losses incurred at Kursk.
525
00:41:42,304 --> 00:41:43,706
Since the beginning of the war,
526
00:41:43,836 --> 00:41:49,105
2 million German soldiers have already been
killed, wounded or gone missing in action.
527
00:41:49,908 --> 00:41:52,299
Hitler will never be able to fill that void.
528
00:41:52,848 --> 00:41:56,761
Things are now a far cry from the victories
of the Lightning war campaigns,
529
00:41:56,882 --> 00:41:59,072
the Blitzkrieg of the battle of France.
530
00:41:59,455 --> 00:42:05,501
Kursk is the real turning point in the war
because Hitler moves over to the defensive.
531
00:42:06,472 --> 00:42:10,388
Overcome by paranoia, he insists
on having stenographers present.
532
00:42:14,916 --> 00:42:17,403
Von Manstein does not believe
that everything is lost.
533
00:42:18,083 --> 00:42:19,415
But Hitler disagrees.
534
00:42:25,530 --> 00:42:28,463
Von Manstein implores him
to continue the offensive.
535
00:42:29,056 --> 00:42:32,755
Hitler refuses,
the battle of Kursk is over.
536
00:42:33,676 --> 00:42:39,190
For Hitler, the priority now is to send reinforcements
over to Sicily where the Allies have just landed.
537
00:42:40,694 --> 00:42:42,244
The noose is tightening.
538
00:42:43,112 --> 00:42:44,493
Things are moving fast.
539
00:42:46,413 --> 00:42:50,363
Sicily
August 1943
540
00:42:53,481 --> 00:42:57,076
All Hitler can do is try to
hold back the advancing Allies.
541
00:43:01,863 --> 00:43:03,418
But he is unable to prevent the fall of Mussolini,
which leads Italy to surrender and to change sides.
542
00:43:03,418 --> 00:43:07,467
--September 11, 1943--
But he is unable to prevent the fall of Mussolini,
which leads Italy to surrender and to change sides.
543
00:43:07,467 --> 00:43:09,385
But he is unable to prevent the fall of Mussolini,
which leads Italy to surrender and to change sides.
544
00:43:17,732 --> 00:43:22,021
The new Italian government has Mussolini
imprisoned, up in the mountains.
545
00:43:23,717 --> 00:43:26,641
Hitler sends an airborne
commando unit to rescue him.
546
00:43:30,280 --> 00:43:32,653
Hitler wants Mussolini back in power.
547
00:43:33,727 --> 00:43:38,952
He sends him back to Italy to reestablish his fascist
regime with the help of the German army.
548
00:43:41,955 --> 00:43:48,595
The Germans invade Italy and have no qualms about
slaughtering their former Allies who attempt to resist.
549
00:43:52,061 --> 00:43:55,176
The Germans immediately start going off to the Jews,
550
00:43:55,304 --> 00:43:56,041
in Rome,
551
00:43:56,241 --> 00:44:00,294
Milan, Genoa, Florence and Trieste.
552
00:44:01,081 --> 00:44:05,483
Hitler's greatest concern is to prevent
any further allied landings in Italy
553
00:44:05,822 --> 00:44:07,443
and above all in France.
554
00:44:10,092 --> 00:44:12,693
This is the idea behind fortress "Europe"
555
00:44:12,875 --> 00:44:15,047
whose emblem is the "Atlantic wall",
556
00:44:15,185 --> 00:44:19,148
a staggering system of fortifications
stretching from Norway,
557
00:44:19,314 --> 00:44:20,777
down to the Spanish border.
558
00:44:22,823 --> 00:44:26,877
Romel is put in charge of
defending fortress Europe.
559
00:44:27,513 --> 00:44:28,022
He says:
560
00:44:28,695 --> 00:44:32,845
It is absolutely necessary that we push the
British and Americans back from the beaches.
561
00:44:33,446 --> 00:44:35,353
Afterwards, it will be too late.
562
00:44:35,931 --> 00:44:39,092
The first 24 hours of
the invasion will be decisive.
563
00:44:39,973 --> 00:44:42,949
It will be the longest day.
564
00:44:46,151 --> 00:44:51,114
For Romel and the Nazis this is the
beginning of the twilight of the Gods.
565
00:44:51,149 --> 00:44:53,363
The final months of Nazi Germany.
566
00:44:54,306 --> 00:44:56,787
And yet these German
newsreel images of Romel,
567
00:44:56,787 --> 00:45:00,493
who has been invited to tea by Magda Goebbels,
the wife of the propaganda minister,
568
00:45:00,493 --> 00:45:01,496
--Magda Goebbels--
who has been invited to tea by Magda Goebbels,
the wife of the propaganda minister,
569
00:45:01,496 --> 00:45:03,985
--Magda Goebbels--
are revealing of the mood of the
Nazis at this point in the war.
570
00:45:03,985 --> 00:45:05,268
are revealing of the mood of the
Nazis at this point in the war.
571
00:45:06,110 --> 00:45:11,003
Nazi ideology puts faith in victory
and vanquishes doubt.
572
00:45:15,122 --> 00:45:18,204
Magda Goebbels worships
Hitler like a God,
573
00:45:18,937 --> 00:45:23,297
even though he is driving Germany
into a frenzy of bloodshed and death.
574
00:45:25,254 --> 00:45:29,780
Magda Goebbels has given all of her 6 children
first names that begin with the letter "H",
575
00:45:30,032 --> 00:45:30,918
just like Hitler.
576
00:45:31,834 --> 00:45:32,396
Helga
577
00:45:33,042 --> 00:45:33,928
Hildegard,
578
00:45:34,503 --> 00:45:35,476
Holdine,
579
00:45:35,895 --> 00:45:36,571
Helmut,
580
00:45:36,953 --> 00:45:39,195
Hedwig and Heidrun.
581
00:45:40,077 --> 00:45:42,293
She will kill them all
one by one
582
00:45:42,475 --> 00:45:45,199
on the last day of the Reich...
583
00:45:47,006 --> 00:45:50,775
To be continued...
584
00:45:50,775 --> 00:45:56,427
To be continued...
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