Major support for "the Vietnam War"
本片的主要支持来自于
was provided by members of The Better Angels Society,
良善天使社会的成员们
including Jonathan and Jeannie Lavine,
包括 拉凡夫妇基金会
Diane and Hal Brierley,
布莱尔利基夫妇金会
Amy and David Abrams,
艾布拉姆斯夫妇基金会
John and Catherine Debs,
德布斯夫妇基金会
the Fullerton Family Charitable Fund,
富勒顿家族慈善基金会
the Montrone Ffamily,
蒙特龙家族基金会
Lynda and Stewart Resnick,
雷斯尼克夫妇基金会
the Perry and Donna Golkin Family Foundation,
戈尔金夫妇家族基金会
the Lynch Foundation,
林奇基金会
the Roger and Rosemary Enrico Foundation,
恩里科夫妇基金会
and by these additional funders.
以及这些赞助方
Major funding was also provided
主要赞助方还有
by David H. Koch...
大卫·汉密尔顿·科赫
The Blavatnik Family Foundation...
布拉瓦特尼克家族基金会
The Park Foundation,
帕克基金会
the National Endowment for the Humanities,
国家人文基金会
the Pew Charitable Trusts,
皮尤慈善信托基金会
the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation,
奈特兄弟基金会
the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation,
安德鲁·梅隆基金会
the Arthur vining Davis foundations,
亚瑟·维宁·戴维斯基金会
the Ford Foundation JustFilms,
福特基金会正义电影
by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting,
还有公共广播公司
and by viewers like you.
以及你们这样的观众
Thank you.
谢谢你们
Bank of America proudly supports
美国银行自豪地支持
Ken Burns' and Lynn Novick's film
肯·伯恩斯和琳恩·诺维克的影片
"the Vietnam War"
《越南战争》
because fostering different perspectives
我们志在促进重大议题上的
and civil discourse around important issues
不同观点和公民话语
furthers progress, equality,
能有更多的发展和平等
and a more connected society.
促进一个更加联通的社会
Go to bankofamerica.com/ betterconnected to learn more.
访问 bankofamerica.com/ betterconnected 获取更多资讯
Soldiers adapt.
士兵们会适应的
You go over there with one mindset,
你带着一片丹心去到那里
you know, and then you adapt.
然后你会适应的
You adapt to the atrocities of war.
你会适应战争的残暴
You adapt to...
你会适应...
罗杰·哈里斯
陆战队
...killing and dying, you know.
杀戮和死亡
After a while it doesn't bother you.
一阵子后你就不会再困扰了
Well, I should say it doesn't bother you as much.
或者该说你不会再那么困扰了
When I first arrived in Vietnam,
当我刚开始到达越南时
there were some...
发生了...
there were some interesting things that happened
发生了一些有趣的事情
and I questioned some of the Marines.
我还质问过一些陆战队员
I was made to realize that
但我不得不认识到
this is war, and this is what we do.
这就是战争 我能奈何
And that stuck in my head.
它印刻在我脑海里
This is war. This is what we do.
这就是战争 我能奈何
And after a while you embrace that.
一阵子后你就接受这想法了
This is war.
这就是战争
This is what we do.
我能奈何
越南战争
This evening I came here to speak to you about Vietnam.
今晚我来跟你们谈谈越南
There is progress in the war itself,
现在战事取得了一些进展
rather dramatic progress considering the situation
以当前局势来看 进展可谓巨大
that actually prevailed when we sent our troops there in 1965.
比我们在1965年刚派去军队时好多了
The grip of the Viet Cong on the people is being broken.
越共对人们的控制正在削弱
In the summer of 1967,
在1967年夏天
the men overseeing the war in Vietnam
督导着越南战争的那些人们
remained outwardly optimistic...
仍表现得非常乐观
whatever private doubts they may have held.
只是他们自己也心有疑虑
The American military command in Vietnam, MACV,
美国军事援助越南司令部
claimed to have killed 200,000 enemy troops
宣称已经击毙了20万名敌军
and had told the president
还告诉总统说
that the all-important "crossover point"...
重中之重的 "交叉点"
the moment when U.S. and ARVN forces were killing more Viet Cong
即美国和南越国军杀死的越共和北越军队
and North Vietnamese troops than the enemy could replace...
多于敌人可增补人数的时刻
appeared to have been reached in almost all of South Vietnam.
几乎在整个南越都达到了
But the United States had suffered nearly 75,000 casualties.
但美国已经付出了近7.5万人的伤亡
By July 4, 14,624 Americans had died,
到7月4日 已有14624名美国人阵亡
and, off the record,
并且在私下里
many officers were much less sanguine than their commanders.
许多军官都比他们的指挥官要悲观得多
From Saigon, R.W. Apple of the New York Times
在西贡 纽约时报的雷蒙德·沃尔特·苹果
summarized their views:
总结了他们看法
"Victory is not close at hand," he wrote.
"胜利并非在望" 他写道
In fact, "It may be beyond reach."
事实上 "胜利或许不可企及"
It was true that the enemy rarely won a battle
一方面敌人很少赢得战斗
in the traditional military sense
很少在传统的军事意义上
that they drove the Americans from the field.
把美国人打下阵来
But it was also true that no American victory
另一方面美国人的胜利
seemed to matter.
似乎也都没什么用
Battered enemy units were quickly reinforced and rearmed.
受创的敌军部队总能很快地得到增援和装备
Pacification...
平息行动
winning the hearts and minds of the South Vietnamese people...
旨在赢取南越人民的民心
was not working.
但也鲜有成效
Saigon still controlled only a fraction of a country
西贡仍然仅控制着这个国家里的一小块地方
roughly the size of Florida,
大概也就佛罗里达州那么大
and its government remained unpopular
政府也仍然不得民心
and riddled with corruption.
还贪污腐化
President Johnson had been forced to raise taxes
约翰逊总统不得不提高税收
to meet the war's ever-climbing cost.
以填补日益高涨的战争开销
His ambitious social program...
他那雄心壮志的社会改革
his War on Poverty...
他的向贫穷开战
was in retreat.
则步步退缩
That summer, racial unrest would grip American cities.
那个夏天 种族骚乱蔓延到美国各个城市
The president would have to send the Army into Detroit
总统不得不派兵到底特律
to end five days of rioting
终止了5天之久的骚乱
that left 43 dead
但仍有43人死亡
and hundreds of buildings razed.
并有成百上千的房屋被毁
Twenty-six more died in Newark, New Jersey,
另有26人死于新泽西州的纽瓦克市
demonstrating yet again how wide a gap
这再次显示了美国的黑白人种之间
remained between black and white Americans.
有着一道多么宽的鸿沟
Only a third of the country saw any sign of progress in Vietnam,
这个国家里只有1/3的人认为越南局势有所进展
and half of the country now disapproved
1/2的国民现在则反对
of the president's handling of the war.
总统对于战事的处置
Meanwhile,
与此同时
Le Duan and his comrades who ran things in Hanoi,
黎筍和他的同志们在河内发号施令
were secretly planning a new offensive
他们正谋划着一场新的攻势
that they believed would destroy what they called
他们认为这次将能摧毁所谓的
the puppet government in Saigon
西贡傀儡政府
and convince the United States
并让美国相信
the war could never be won on the battlefield.
他们永远无法在战场上赢得这场战争
There's the old apocryphal story that,
有个老旧的段子这样说
in 1967, they went to the basement of the Pentagon
在1967年 他们去到了国防部的地下室里
when the mainframe computers took up the whole basement,
大型计算机占领了那整个地下室
and they put on the old punch cards everything you could quantify...
他们放上各种可以量化的数据卡片
詹姆斯·威班克斯
军队顾问
numbers of ships, numbers of airplanes,
船只数量 飞机数量
numbers of tanks, numbers of helicopters, artillery,
坦克数量 直升机数量 火炮数量
machine gun, ammo... everything you could quantify,
机枪弹药等等一切能够量化的东西
put it in the hopper and said,
把数据卡片放进去并问道
"When will we win in Vietnam?"
"我们何时才能在越南获胜"
Went away on Friday.
周五问完走人
The thing ground away all weekend.
留下机器运行了一整个周末
Came back on Monday and there was one card in the output tray
周一回来后它就会吐出一张卡片
and it said, "You won in 1965."
上面写着 "你会在1965年获胜"
The only problem is the enemy gets a vote
唯一的问题是敌人也有决定权
and they weren't on the punch cards.
而他们可不在那些卡片上
第五集
我能奈何
There were nearly half a million American soldiers in Vietnam
1967年中有将近50万美国士兵
by the middle of 1967,
身在越南
with thousands more on the way.
而成千上万的士兵还将来此
Only 20% would ever be in combat.
只有20%的士兵会参与战斗
The rest served in support units.
其他人则都在支援单位中服役
None of them had been taught very much about the people
他们不甚了解自己奉命对抗的
against whom... and for whom... they had been asked to fight.
那些人们究竟支持谁和反对谁
Troops called the Vietnamese "gooks"...
部队们叫越南人为 "黄皮佬"
a term first used by U.S. Marines to refer
这词一开始是美军陆战队
to the people of Haiti and Nicaragua
在美国占领海地和尼加拉瓜时
during the American occupation of those countries,
对当地人的称呼
and then applied to the Asian enemy in Korea.
后来这词又指韩战中的亚洲敌人
Or "slopes,"
也有叫 "死喽皮" 的
an epithet for the Japanese during the Pacific War,
这是太平洋战争时对日本人的蔑称
or "dinks,"
还有叫 "亚北佬" 的
an Australian term for the Chinese.
这是澳大利亚给中国人的绰号
And so in basic training they taught you
在基础训练里他们就教你
里翁·考西
陆军
that you were going to be fighting gooks.
你要去和黄皮佬作战
It was part of the song that you sang
你在路上慢跑唱歌时
as you jogged down the road.
就会唱到这些词
As you went through bayonet training,
当你在进行刺刀训练时
you were not talking about Vietnamese.
你喊杀的对象不是越南人
You were always talking about gooks.
你念叨的会是黄皮佬
Vietnamese might be people, but gooks are-are...
越南人可能还算是人 但黄皮佬...
are close to being animals.
更像是动物
Gis called Vietnamese homes "hooches"...
大兵们叫越南人的屋子为 "户圻"
a corruption of the Japanese word for dwelling places
这是对日语中的住处的误用
that they had learned during the battle for Okinawa
源自他们二战期间
in the Second World War.
在冲绳的战斗经历
Soldiers referred to older Vietnamese women as "mama sans,"
士兵们称年长的越南妇女为 "妈妈桑"
the term they used for women who ran whorehouses in occupied Japan.
这是他们占领日本时对妓院老鸨的称呼
The Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese called Gis
越共和北越人称美国大兵为
"invaders," "imperialists,"
"侵略者" 和 "帝国主义者"
and... "American bandits."
以及 "美国强盗"
South Vietnam had been divided into four tactical zones.
南越被分成了4个战术区
By the summer of 1967,
到1967年夏天
American troops were fighting in all four of them.
美军部队在4个战区都有作战
In IV Corps, the "Brown Water Navy"
在4区有 "褐水海军"
patrolled the rivers and canals and marshes
在人口密集的湄公河三角洲
of the densely populated Mekong Delta,
一边巡逻河流 运河及沼泽
searching for the enemy.
一边搜寻敌人
In III Corps, the Army continued to sweep
在3区 军队继续扫荡
the thick jungles of the Iron Triangle,
铁三角中的茂密丛林
the Viet Cong sanctuary near Saigon
临近西贡的这片越共避难所
that was supposed to have been permanently denied to the enemy
本应在年初美军的一场大行动中
by big American operations earlier in the year.
就将之永久摧毁的
In II Corps, a series of bloody
在2区 一系列血腥的
battles in the Central Highlands around Dak To
在得苏县附近的中央高地的战斗
temporarily drove North Vietnamese troops back into Cambodia and Laos.
暂时把北越军队赶回了柬埔寨和老挝
But some of the most intense combat would take place in I Corps...
但有些最为激烈的战斗则发生在1区
made up of the five northernmost provinces of South Vietnam...
这片区由南越最靠北的5个省份组成
where the Marines would bear the brunt of the fighting.
这里的陆战队员们承担了主要的作战压力
More than two-and-a-half million people lived there,
这里住着250多万的居民
all but 2% of them
其中98%的人们
within the narrow rice-growing river valleys along the South China Sea.
都住在中国南海一侧的狭窄的产粮河谷地带
The Marines wanted to eradicate the Viet Cong there,
陆战队想要一村一村地
and provide security to the people,
清剿这里的越共
village by village, hamlet by hamlet.
好让人们安生
The vast, largely empty highlands
而广阔空旷的高地
that stretched westward all the way to Laos,
一路向西绵延至老挝
the Marines argued,
陆战队认为这里
could be left to the enemy.
倒可以留给敌人
"The real war is among the people,"
"真正的战争在人民之间"
said Marine lieutenant general Victor Krulak,
陆战队中将 维克托·克鲁拉克 说道
"and not among the mountains."
"而不在群山之间"
But General William Westmoreland,
但威廉·威斯特摩兰将军
the American commander, feared that
这位美军指挥官担心说
thousands of North Vietnamese Army regulars... the NVA...
成千上万的北越正规军
were planning to seize the two northernmost provinces.
正在计划夺取最靠北的两个省份
Finding and destroying them remained his first goal.
找到并消灭这些敌人成了他的首要目标
He insisted the Third Marine Division
他坚持让陆战队第三师
move north to meet that challenge,
北上前去执行这一任务
establish a base at Dong Ha
他们在东河市建立了一个基地
and man strongpoints at Gio Linh, Con Thien,
并派驻部队到由灵县 康天
Cam Lo, Camp Carroll,
甘露县 卡罗尔营
the Rockpile and Khe Sanh.
岩堆山 溪生
Khe Sanh overlooked Route 9,
溪生俯瞰着9号公路
the East-West highway that Westmoreland hoped
威斯特摩兰希望这条东西方向的高速路
would one day carry American troops
将来能帮助美军部队
across the border into Laos,
越过边境进入老挝
where North Vietnamese men and supplies
因为那有北越的人员和补给
were streaming south on the Ho Chi Minh Trail.
正沿着胡志明小道源源南下
But the thousands of Marines monitoring the border
但边境线上成千上万的陆战队员们
would find themselves within range of highly accurate
将会发现他们处在北越火炮
North Vietnamese artillery and rocket launchers
和火箭发射器的精确射程内
hidden within the DMZ.
因为对方就藏在停火带里
Tell me...
跟我说说
You came here at full strength?
你们是全员来的吗
I had 13 men when I came.
我来的时候一共有13人
And it's four days later now and how many are still here?
现在过去4天了 这里还有多少人呢
Six.
6个人
The rifles have been jamming, the mud's been...
步枪被卡住了 泥巴使得...
it slowed everything down.
使得一切都缓慢了
And the artillery comes in everywhere.
到处都有火炮来袭
And, ah, it just gets pretty futile and frustrating sometimes.
有时候真是很徒然和沮丧
I can't say that I'm scared stiff, but I'm scared.
我还没被吓傻 但我确实很害怕
I mean, after a while, you know it's going to come.
你知道过会儿肯定会有火炮袭来
And you can't do nothing about it.
但你就是无能为力
And you just look to God.
你只能指望上帝了
Private First Class John Musgrave of Fairmount, Missouri,
一等兵约翰·马斯格雷夫来自密苏里州费尔芒特
who had volunteered to join the 3rd Marine Division,
他自愿加入了陆战队第三师
was sent to the battle-scarred countryside around Con Thien,
于是被派到战况激烈的康天周遭
a few kilometers south of the DMZ.
往北几千米就到停火带了
For the Marines in northern I Corps in the 3rd Marine Division
对北方1区和第三师的陆战队员来说
in the spring and summer of 1967
在1967年的春夏两季
约翰·马斯格雷夫
陆战队
we called the DMZ the "Dead Marine Zone."
我们都管停火带叫做 "停尸带"
Musgrave's 1st Battalion had already suffered
马斯格雷夫的第一营已经
so many casualties in a series of bloody sweeps
在一系列的血腥扫荡中伤亡巨大
that it was believed to be a hard-luck outfit.
这是一支悲惨的部队
They were called the "Walking Dead."
他们被叫做 "行尸走肉"
I joined the Marine Corps to be in the varsity.
我参加陆战队就是为了打头阵的
And I felt like I wasn't varsity
我觉得打头阵就是要
unless I was up north fighting the NVA.
北上去抗击北越军队
I have never regretted that decision.
我从不后悔这个决定
There were times when we were under artillery fire,
有时我们遭到火炮袭击
where I thought, you know, "What-what were you thinking?"
我也会想 "当初我脑子进了什么水"
Here it is in a nutshell: if I lived to be 63 years old,
但简而言之 等我活到63岁时
I didn't want to look in the mirror some morning
我不想某天早上照着镜子
and have a guy looking back at me
看到镜中那人没有
that hadn't done everything for what he believed,
为了自己的信仰去做点什么
that let somebody else do the harder part.
而是让别人来做那最艰难的部分
Every major contact I remember with the NVA
我记得跟北越军队的每次大交火
was initiated by them ambushing us.
都是他们先伏击我们
They wouldn't hit us unless they outnumbered us.
他们只有在人数占优时才会攻击我们
And we were fighting in their yard.
我们就在他们的后院里作战
They knew the ground; we didn't.
他们熟悉地形 我们茫然无知
They were just really good.
他们真的很厉害
美国人有个弱点
他们吸烟时就很容易被我们发现
黎文楚
北越军队
The North Vietnamese carried Soviet-made,
北越人用的是苏联制造的
seemingly indestructible AK-47s.
似乎坚不可摧的AK47步枪
The Marines had to fight with newly issued M-16 rifles
陆战队作战用的是新配发的M16步枪
that had for a time a potentially fatal design flaw:
并曾经一度有个致命的潜在设计缺陷
they needed constant cleaning
这枪需要不停地清理
and often jammed in the middle of firefights.
还经常在交火时发生卡壳
Their rifles worked; ours didn't.
他们的步枪好使 我们的则不行
The M-16 was a piece of shit.
M16步枪就是一坨垃圾
You can't throw your bullets at the enemy
你的子弹打不到敌人身上
and have them be effective.
不能造成杀伤
And that rifle malfunctioned on us repeatedly.
那款步枪在我们手上老是故障
他们有人受伤或阵亡的时候
其他人就会上来拖回战友
胡友兰
北越军队
这时我们就能继续射击那些人了
My hatred for them was pure.
我对他们的痛恨是纯粹的
Pure.
纯粹的
I hated them so much.
我是那么地痛恨他们
And I was so scared of them.
我也那么地害怕他们
Boy, I was terrified of them.
我实在是被他们吓坏了
And the scareder I got, the more I hated them.
我越怕他们 我就越恨他们
同情与仇恨是交织在一起的
但在战场上
仇恨就占据了主导
美国人下定决心要杀死我们
我们也下定决心要杀死他们
I only killed one human being in Vietnam.
我在越南只杀过一个人
And that was the first man that I ever killed.
那是我第一次杀人
And I was sick with guilt about killing that guy
我既反感又内疚于杀死了那个人
and thinking I'm going to have to do this for the next 13 months.
以及自己在接下来的13个月里还要这样做
I'm-I'm going to go crazy.
我会疯掉的
And I saw a Marine step on a bouncing Betty mine,
后来我看到了一名陆战队员踩到了一颗S型地雷
and that's when I made my deal with the devil
那时我就和魔鬼达成了交易
and that I said,
我说
"I will never kill another human being as long as I'm in Vietnam.
"我在越南不会再杀死别的人类了"
"However, I will waste as many gooks as I can find.
"但是我会消灭我看到的每一个黄皮佬"
"I'll wax as many dinks as I can find.
"我会干掉我看到的每一个亚北佬"
"I'll smoke as many zips as I can find.
"我会歼灭我看到的每一个支拉佬"
But I ain't gonna kill anybody," you know?
"但我不会杀死任何人"
Turn the subject into an object.
把对象变成物体
It's Racism 101.
标准的种族主义教程
It turns out to be a very necessary tool
结果这是非常必要的工具
when you have children fighting your wars,
能让一群孩子去帮你打仗
for them to stay sane doing their work.
还免得他们打仗打到疯掉
On one early patrol,
在一次清早巡逻中
Musgrave watched an American fighter swoop down to drop napalm
马斯格雷夫看到一架美军战机俯冲下来
on enemy troops hidden behind a hedgerow.
朝着藏在灌木丛后的敌人投下凝固汽油弹
He could hear their AK-47s firing at the plane
他能听到他们的AK47朝着战机开火
until the instant they were engulfed in flames.
随后他们就被火焰所吞噬了
"If the enemy is willing to die like that," he thought,
他想 "如果敌人愿意像这样死去"
"this is going to be one very long war."
"那这将会是一场很漫长的战争"
They knew if they would pop the ambush close
他们知道只要近距离伏击
and then get amongst you,
只要能混进我们中间
we couldn't or would hesitate to call in air on ourselves.
我们就不会或不敢呼叫空中火力来轰炸自己
So that... firefights like that we called brawls.
我们管这样的战斗就叫殴斗了
They were very intimate.
他们离得非常地近
And they were very deadly.
他们也非常地致命
And they were absolutely terrifying.
他们绝对令人害怕
The Marines were spread too thin to hold any of the territory
陆战队过于分散以致无法守住
they fought so hard to take.
他们辛苦夺下的地盘
Again and again,
一次又一次地
they were sent out from one stronghold or another along the DMZ,
他们从停火带旁的一处据点赶往另一处据点
looking for enemy soldiers.
不断地寻找着敌军士兵
The disillusionment for me began
我开始感到幻灭是因为
when I was going back to fight at places we'd already fought before.
我要去夺回我们本已收复的地方
We had fought, captured, and then left
我们战斗并攻占 然后离开
and the NVA came right back.
然后北越军队马上就回来了
You don't like getting wounded in places
你可不会喜欢回去攻夺过的地方
you've already been before.
让自己再受伤
War is a real estate business.
战争讲的就是地盘
We're supposed to take real estate away from the enemy
我们本应夺走敌人的地盘
and then deny the enemy access to that real estate.
然后让敌人再也得不到那些地盘
On the morning of July 2, 1967,
1967年7月2日早上
the 1st Battalion launched yet another sweep of the area northeast of Con Thien.
第一营又发动了一场对康天东北区域的扫荡
When they reached a crossroads called "The Marketplace,"
他们到达了一处叫做 "市集" 的十字路口
barely a mile and quarter from their base,
距离他们的基地不到2千米
they were ambushed.
他们遭到了伏击
One company was virtually annihilated.
一支连队几乎全军覆没
John Musgrave's company rushed to rescue the survivors,
马斯格雷夫的连队赶去救援剩下的生还者
only to be pinned down there as well.
只是他们去了也被压制得动弹不了
It was one of the worst days the Marine Corps endured in Vietnam:
这是海军陆战队在越南最惨的日子之一
53 dead
53人阵亡
and 190 wounded were carried off the battlefield.
190名伤员被抬下战场
Thirty-four more dead had to be left behind,
另有34具遗体被迫留在战场
and when Marines fought their way back two days later
两天后陆战队攻打回来
to retrieve their bodies,
想要取回战友的遗体
they found that a number had died
他们发现有些人阵亡
because their M-16s had jammed as the enemy closed in.
是因为他们的M16步枪在接敌时卡壳了
Many had been executed,
许多人都是被处死的
shot in the face or back of the head at close range.
在近距离前脸或后脑中弹
Some bodies had been booby-trapped,
有些遗体被诡雷炸过
others mutilated.
另有些被人为肢解过
Marine amphibious force headquarters
陆战队司令部
was so desperate to get North Vietnamese prisoners,
非常地想俘虏到北越士兵
that they offered us three day in-country R&R
他们还提供了三天的国内休假
if we'd bring a prisoner in.
以奖励抓到俘虏的人
Yeah, good luck.
抓到就撞大运了
You know?
是吧
Don't you know who... what we're doing up here?
你难道不知道我们在那里做什么吗
Do you know who we're fighting?
你知道我们面对的是怎样的敌人吗
I want to make this clear, we did not torture prisoners
我要澄清一下 我们没有折磨俘虏
and we did not mutilate them.
我们也没残害他们
But to be a prisoner you had to make it to the rear, you know.
但当了俘虏肯定不会好到哪去
If he was with... fell into our hands
如果有人落到了我们手中
he was just one sorry fucker.
那他就是个可怜的倒霉鬼
I don't know how to explain it that it would make sense.
我不知道这要怎么才能解释清楚
Roxbury, where I grew up,
我在罗克斯伯里长大
was the African-American neighborhood,
那是个非裔美国人社区
and South Boston was the Irish-Catholic bastion.
南波士顿则是爱尔兰天主教的重镇
You know, there was a lot of hate.
所以那里就有很多仇恨
South Boston folks hated us,
南波士顿的人们仇恨我们
we hated them.
我们也仇恨他们
And ironically, um...
讽刺的是
罗杰·哈里斯
陆战队
You know, you end up in a war.
最后在战场上
And the Vietnamese didn't care
越南人可不会管
whether you were from Roxbury or South Boston.
你来自罗克斯伯里还是南波士顿
They saw you as American.
他们只知道你是美国人
And they wanted to kill you because you're American.
他们就想杀掉你这个美国人
Private Roger Harris had joined the Marines in part, he said,
列兵罗杰·哈里斯说自己参加陆战队
because he wanted to be "a gladiator,"
部分是因为他想成为 "一名角斗士"
a killer of his country's enemies.
杀死自己国家的敌人
On July 28,
7月28日
two weeks after John Musgrave's badly mangled 1st Battalion
马斯格雷夫遭受重创的第一营刚被撤下来
was pulled back to rest and recover,
休整了两周
Roger Harris and the 2nd Battalion moved out of Con Thien
罗杰·哈里斯和第二营便开出康天
and into the southern half of the Demilitarized Zone itself.
进入了停火带的南半边
We wanted the North Vietnamese Army
我们想找到北越军队
to expose themselves.
让他们暴露出位置
So, basically, you put the bait out there,
基本上就是要放个诱饵到那里
and then we could call in and rain hell on them.
然后我们再呼叫支援来狂轰滥炸
Roger Harris's battalion advanced into the DMZ
罗杰·哈里斯的营队朝着停火带进发
along a rough cart track that led to the Ben Hai River.
沿着一条破车道走到了边海河
But planners had failed to see that a concrete bridge over an impassable stream
但没料到唯一能过河的水泥桥
was too narrow and too weak to carry armored vehicles.
又太窄太弱而过不了装甲车辆
Now the Marines had no choice
于是陆战队别无选择
but to violate a cardinal rule of infantry tactics...
只能违反基本的步兵作战准则
turn around and try to go back the way they had come.
掉头并回到原来的路上
The enemy was waiting.
敌人等的就是这时候
Massive ambushes and...
大规模的伏击
...and, um, a lot of death.
许多的伤亡
And...
还有
...craziness.
非常的疯狂
The Marines were forced to run a bloody gauntlet
陆战队不得不进行一场血战
of mortars, machine gun fire and rocket-propelled grenades.
到处是迫击炮 机枪火力和火箭筒
I had the utmost respect for the North Vietnamese Army soldiers.
我无比地尊敬北越士兵
When you see someone jump out and confront a tank, you know,
他们会跳出来面对着坦克
with a big 50-caliber machine gun on it
坦克上装着.50口径的大机枪
and a 90-millimeter cannon on it,
还有90毫米的火炮
and an individual takes on the tank,
而他们敢挺身对抗坦克
I think that says something.
我觉得这很了不起
Roger Harris's company held up the rear,
罗杰·哈里斯的连队殿后阻敌
hounded by enemy soldiers on all sides.
四面八方都是来追击的敌人
The Marines staggered back out of the DMZ
陆战队踉跄着撤离停火带
alongside the battered armored vehicles
他们的装甲车辆多有受损
heaped with dead and wounded Americans.
并满载着死伤的美军士兵
The battalion suffered 214 casualties.
第二营遭受了214人的伤亡
Wasn't a good day for Marines at all.
那天对陆战队来说太惨了
A lot of people died.
许多人都死掉了
People got their legs shot off.
有的人腿被炸掉了
People got run over by tanks.
有的人被坦克压到了
I don't want to talk about it because it's...
我不想谈论这个 因为那天...
it's not a good day, wasn't a good day.
那天太惨了 实在太惨了
我们追击了两支美军连队
追了整整3天
他们本想找出我们
卢克心
北越军队
但我们反而包抄了他们
我的连队深入到美军阵地中间
我们击溃了那两支连队
但我们也付出了高昂的代价
我手下本来有90个人
最后有60到70人伤亡
我们回到我们的基地后
我们哀痛了好几天
我想到手下的伤亡就寝食难安
我哭了出来
我得到了一个勋章
抗美英雄
但这是同志们以血的代价换来的
This is "bau cu", the day of voting in Vietnam,
今天是越南进行选举的日子
and it's a solemn day in the village of Hung Thao Phu
这在雄草府村以及这个国家里的
and in other villages throughout the country.
其它村庄里都是庄严的一天
And these people have dressed up in their Sunday best for it.
这些人们都穿上了最好的衣服来投票
South Vietnamese prime minister Nguyen Cao Ky
南越总理阮高祺
had crushed his Buddhist opponents in 1966,
在1966年镇压了他的佛教反对者
but he had been forced by the Americans and his political rivals
但美国人和政敌们也逼迫他
to make at least tentative moves toward democracy...
至少试着做出些民主的措施
election of a national assembly,
选举出一个国民议会
a new constitution,
一个新的宪法
and a promise of elections for president and vice president.
以及承诺选举总统和副总统
But when Ky's old adversary Nguyen Van Thieu declared
但是阮高祺的老对手阮文绍
he wanted to challenge Ky for the top spot,
他想角逐阮高祺的头把交椅
things in Saigon had threatened to come apart again.
西贡面临再次分裂的危险
We were watching the rivalry between Thieu and Ky.
我们看着阮高祺和阮文绍互相竞争
And that was a game.
那就是一场比赛
In Vietnam, the country was watching like a...
越南整个国家都看着
we were watch... watching a movie.
就像是在看一场电影
And Thieu and Ky was watching as to,
而阮高祺和阮文绍看起来也
潘广辉
西贡
not whoever had the support of the people,
不在乎谁赢得了人民的支持
but who had the support of the Americans and the White House.
关键是谁能赢得美国人和白宫的支持
Ellsworth Bunker, the American ambassador,
美国大使 埃尔斯沃思·邦克
called both men to his residence
把两人都叫到了他的住所
and warned that the United States would not tolerate another power struggle:
他警告说美国不容许再一次权力斗争
Thieu and Ky needed to meet with their fellow generals
阮高祺和阮文绍需要见见各自的将军
and decide who would run for president
一致决定好谁来当总统
and who would be his running mate.
谁来当副手
Thieu emerged on top.
阮文绍上位了
He was unassuming and unflappable,
他既平易近人又镇定自若
interested largely in accumulating power and personal wealth
非常喜欢积累权力和个人财富
and was thought unlikely ever to embarrass Washington.
让人觉得他不会给华府难堪
Ky would be his vice president.
阮高祺将会是他的副总统
Together, they won with only 35% of the vote.
他们一起只赢得了35%的选票
No one who had called for an end to the war
所有呼吁结束战争的人
had been allowed to run.
都不被允许参选
Many Buddhists had boycotted the election,
许多佛教徒都抵制了这场选举
and Viet Cong intimidation had kept many more from the polls.
越共的恐吓也使得很多人不敢去投票
But the State Department immediately declared
但美国国务院旋即声称
the election an important "step forward."
这次选举是一次重要的 "进步"
Some South Vietnamese did believe that a measure
一些南越人确实相信
of stability had finally been achieved.
终于有了达成稳定的方式
Others were not so sure.
有些人则不那么确定
In terms of corruption,
就腐败而言
yes, they were corrupt.
当然他们都是腐败的
Both Thieu and Ky, they abused their position.
阮文绍和阮高祺都滥用职权
We pay a very high price
我们付出了很高的代价
for having leaders like a Ky and Thieu.
来维持阮高祺和阮文绍的领导
And we continue to pay the price.
我们还要继续付出代价
My father was in the United States Army.
我父亲本来在美国陆军里
And then when the Air Force came about
后来空军来了
he switched over to the Air Force.
他就换到了空军里
I grew up out of the country in desegregated settings.
我在没有种族隔离的国外长大
伊娃·杰斐逊·帕特森
伊利诺伊州
I was usually the only little black girl in the class.
我通常都是班上唯一的黑人女孩
If you look at my class pictures
你可以看我的班级合照
I look like the little chocolate chip in the vanilla ice cream.
我就像是香草冰淇淋中的一小块巧克力
I was always a good student.
我一直都是个好学生
I remember people saying, "Oh, you speak so well."
我记得人们对我说 "你英语讲得真好"
And the unstated part is "for a black girl,"
潜台词就是 "对于黑人女孩来说"
probably a Negro girl or colored girl, at that point.
可能也会说是黑鬼女孩或有色人种
Eva Jefferson's father had served a year on airbases in Vietnam
伊娃·杰斐逊的父亲有一年驻扎在越南的空军基地
and returned home convinced the United States had no business being there.
他回国后也认为美国在越南无利可图
But when his daughter entered Northwestern University
但后来他女儿在1967年9月进了
in the Chicago suburb of Evanston in September 1967,
芝加哥郊外埃文斯顿市的西北大学
the war was not uppermost in students' minds.
当时战争并非学生心中最重要的事
The war was not really an issue.
战争算不上是个问题
It's like, "Well, no, the president has our best interests at heart.
那就像是 "总统把我们的最大利益放在心上"
"He, of course, would only prosecute a war that made sense."
"他当然只会发动有意义的战争"
And I think most of America felt that way.
我想多数美国人都是这样想的
At the University of Nebraska,
在内布拉斯加大学
Jack Todd also supported the war.
杰克·托德也支持这场战争
He had felt so strongly about it in 1966
他在1966年是那么的热血沸腾
that he had signed up for Marine officer training.
于是他报名参加了陆战队军官训练
I went into the Marine Corps
我参加了陆战队
杰克·托德
內布拉斯加大学
thinking this was all I wanted to do.
想着这就是我想做的
I mean my... my goal was to be commander,
我想成为一名指挥官
a platoon commander in Vietnam.
到越南去当一名排长
But as time went by and the war went on,
但随着时间的流逝和战事的发展
Todd and many of his fellow students
托德和他的许多同学
began to change their minds.
都开始改变想法了
All young people go through changes.
所有年轻人都会有思想变化
But we were going through astronomical changes
但我们以如此之快的速度
at such a rapid rate.
就经历了天翻地覆的变化
All the music, the culture,
所有的音乐和文化
everything that we listened to, everything that we thought was transforming
我们所听所想的一切都在改变
and the core of it all was Vietnam, Vietnam, Vietnam.
而其中的核心总是离不开越南
It just kept going in the background.
这一切在背后不停地发展
First, it was kind of like a background noise
起初只像是一种背景噪音
and then it got to be the elephant in the room.
然后就充斥了整个房间
And then it was the elephant sitting on your head
最后就占据了你的头脑
and we... we couldn't escape this.
我们无处躲藏
Todd attended officer training school
托德参加的军官训练学校
at Camp Upshur in Quantico, Virginia.
位于维吉尼亚州匡提科的厄普舍营地
But doubts about the war followed him there, too.
但是对于战争的怀疑也随他来到了这里
I guess the emotional things that were happening on the ground,
我想我们的情感正在逐渐转变
the photographs that we saw, the news images,
我们看到了那些照片 那些新闻画面
and the fact that there was no discernible progress,
事实上那里并没有明显的进展
that really started to eat away at what we thought.
这些都开始改变了我们原先的想法
In the summer of '67, I was at Camp Upshur,
1967年夏天 我还在厄普舍营地
you know, wanting to go kill Vietnamese people.
想着要去杀几个越南人
And in October, I was completely against the war.
而到10月份 我就完全反对这场战争了
Westmoreland came in last night to me...
威斯特摩兰昨晚找了我
林登·约翰逊
美国总统
And he says that he has concentrated more firepower and bombing
他说他上周往停火带集中了
艾瑞特·迪肯斯
共和党参议院少数党领袖
in the last week on the DMZ
更多的火力和轰炸
and they've concentrated more on us
而敌人也加大力度还击我们
than has ever been concentrated in any equivalent period
这力度在战争史上
in the history of warfare...
也是前所未有的
Yeah.
是的
...much more than was ever poured on Berlin or Tokyo,
比我们倾泻到柏林或东京的火力都要大
and that his only defense of the DMZ
他对防御停火带
to stop this aggression up there with the North Vietnamese trying to come in
并阻止北越士兵侵入的唯一办法
is bombing their gun positions.
就是轰炸他们的枪炮点
Yeah.
是的
And it would just be suicide if we stopped the bombing
如果我们听那些蠢蛋的话停止轰炸
as these idiots talking about.
那就相当于是在自杀
When you say stop the bombing
当你说要停止轰炸时
you say, "Kill more American Marines."
你就是在说 "杀死更多的美国陆战队员"
That's all it means.
就是这么一回事
Yeah.
是的
Now if we stop bombing,
如果我们现在就停止轰炸
without their talking
没有先跟他们谈判
and without any reciprocity on their part,
没有先让他们也做出让步
it just means we kill more Americans, that's all
那我们只会害死更多的美国人
Yeah.
是的
Neither the ongoing bombing of the North,
不论是对北越的定点轰炸
nor the concentrated bombing around the DMZ,
还是对停火带的集中轰炸
nor the behind-the-scenes offers made by President Johnson to stop it
或是约翰逊总统私下的停战提议
had any discernible effect on Le Duan
都没怎么影响到黎筍
and the other men who ran North Vietnam.
以及其他掌控北越的人们
But Le Duan, like Lyndon Johnson,
但黎筍和约翰逊一样
was in trouble that summer.
在这个夏天都碰上了麻烦
The war with the Americans had produced
和美国之间的战争只能造成
little more than a bloody stalemate.
一个血腥的僵局
Some Viet Cong commanders in the South
南方的一些越共指挥官
resented Hanoi's insistence on directing their tactics.
怨恨河内坚持要指点他们的战术
Many North Vietnamese civilians were weary of the war
许多北越平民也厌倦了这场战争
and of the bombing that had disrupted their lives
因为不停的轰炸干扰了他们的生活
and destroyed so much of their infrastructure.
也摧毁了他们的很多基础设施
The country's most revered figures,
这个国家里最受尊敬的人物
Ho Chi Minh and Vo Nguyen Giap, were urging patience,
胡志明和武元甲都呼吁要有耐心
continuing to wage a war of attrition, they still believed,
他们仍然相信继续进行消耗战
would pay off in the end.
最终便能获胜
Hanoi's Soviet and Chinese patrons
河内的老大哥苏联和中国
offered conflicting advice, as well.
也给出了互相矛盾的建议
To silence his critics and break the stalemate,
为了平息批评和打破僵局
Le Duan began to devise and promote
黎筍开始设想并提出
a new and riskier version of the plan for victory
一个新的更冒险的求胜计划
he had tried in 1964.
他在1964年就做过类似的了
He called it the "General Offensive, General Uprising."
而这次的叫做 "全面进攻 全面起义"
North Vietnamese and Viet Cong units would
北越军队和越共部队将会
launch scores of coordinated attacks on South Vietnamese cities
协同进攻南越的城市
and towns and military bases.
城镇和军事基地
That offensive, Le Duan believed,
黎筍相信这场攻势
would ignite a mass civilian uprising.
将会引发大规模的平民起义
These simultaneous blows would destroy the Saigon regime
这些协同打击将会摧毁西贡政权
and leave Washington with no choice but to withdraw.
并让华府别无选择只能撤军
我觉得黎筍很有信心获胜
辉德
北越
河内准备接管南越政府了
他们印发了货币
给警察配发了新的制服
以用于接管南越的城市
我们相信那些城市遭受了
阮玉
北越军队
美国人和南越人的压迫
市民们已准备好揭竿而起了
有位领导告诉我们 城市就像是怀孕的鱼
肚子里都是鱼卵
我们只需要挠一下那鱼
所有的鱼卵就都会产出来了
We talk about our own hubris.
我们说我们有自身的傲慢
There's some hubris on their side as well.
他们那边也有着自己的傲慢
And once they had convinced themselves
一旦他们自己都相信
that this was going to be a great success,
这将会是很大的胜利
詹姆斯·威班克斯
军队顾问
it is what some wags have called drinking your own bathwater.
那就是所谓的自欺欺人
They decided it's going to be a victory,
他们认为这会是很大的胜利
河内政治局
even though there are people in the South saying,
尽管南方的那些人说
"Hey, this is not a great idea."
"这不是个好主意"
But these people are charged with subjectivism
但那些人都被斥为主观主义
and basically are told to shut up and keep rolling.
并基本上都被叫闭嘴继续推进
Le Duan neutralized those who opposed his plan.
黎筍中立了那些反对他计划的人
Members of General Giap's staff were arrested.
武元甲将军的一些手下被逮捕了
So was Ho Chi Minh's secretary.
胡志明的秘书也被捕了
武元甲将军身体不佳
他在7月份被送到匈牙利治病了
胡志明也在9月份
被送到中国治病
Hundreds of less prominent figures...
数百名没那么重要的人物
journalists, students,
记者 学生
even highly decorated heroes of the French War...
甚至是曾被大受表彰的抗法英雄
were also rounded up.
也都被抓了起来
Many were locked up in the old French prison
许多人都被关进了曾经的法国监狱
that the American POWs also confined there
已被关押在此的美国战俘
called the "Hanoi Hilton."
称这是 "河内希尔顿"
The date eventually chosen for the attack would be
最终选定的进攻日期为
January 31, 1968,
1968年1月31日
the first day of the Vietnamese Lunar New Year celebration,
这也是越南农历新年的第一天
known as Tet.
即 春节
Hundreds, then thousands, of North Vietnamese regulars
成百上千的北越正规军
in civilian clothes began slipping southward
穿上平民服装偷偷溜进南方
to join tens of thousands of Viet Cong already in place.
跟成千上万名已经就位的越共汇合
我们突然接到命令要召回战场上的士兵
我们被分发了更多的武器 弹药
胡友兰
北越军队
稻米 食盐和食盐
甚至还有白糖和炼乳
我们将要去到南方前线
并待上好一阵子
我看到村子里的送别仪式上
真的是激情澎湃
共产党员组织起了送别仪式
士兵们很激动于去南方打仗
我大哥高兴得大吼
因为他通过了体检
能够进军队了
我村子里的有些人体重不够
还拿石头放口袋里想通过体检
没有人感到悲伤
没有人想到他们可能回不来了
没有人预见将来的悲剧
In preparation for the coming offensive,
为了准备即将到来的进攻
the North Vietnamese hoped to lure American and South Vietnamese forces
北越军队希望引诱美国人和南越军队
away from cities and big military bases.
离开城市和大的军事基地
To do that, they would mount a series of assaults
为此他们发动了一系列袭击
on remote outposts near Cambodia, Laos, and the DMZ.
进攻了柬埔寨 老挝和停火带附近的偏远哨点
These preliminary attacks became known as the "Border Battles."
这些预备攻击被称作 "边境战争"
Con Thien would be the first.
康天首当其冲
In September and October,
在9月和10月里
John Musgrave's and Roger Harris's outfits
马斯格雷夫和罗杰·哈里斯的单位
took turns defending Con Thien
轮流守卫着康天
as the North Vietnamese tightened the noose around them.
北越军队越来越缩紧了对他们的围攻
The only way in or out was by helicopter.
唯一的进出方式只剩直升机了
Con Thien in Vietnamese means "Hill of Angels."
康天在越南语中意为 "天使之山"
Time at Con Thien was time in the barrel.
在康天里就像瓮中之鳖一样
We were the fish,
我们就是那些鱼
they had the shotguns,
他们则拿着猎枪
they stuck in the barrel and blasted away.
他们把枪插进桶里开火
And they were gonna hit something every shot.
他们肯定每次开火都能命中
Because Con Thien was such a small area,
因为康天就是很小的一片地方
and they pounded it with that artillery from North Vietnam,
他们从北越用火炮猛轰这个地方
they couldn't miss.
肯定不会打偏的
他们的情况很糟糕
他们无法补充兵员或撤走遗体
I've never been, uh, as afraid.
我从未那么害怕过
In fact that's why I'm not afraid of anything now.
所以现在我就什么都不怕了
I mean...
我的意思是
there's nothing you can do.
你完全无能为力
You just listen to the sounds of the rockets coming over.
你就只能听着火炮飞过来
And you just pray that they don't land on you.
你只能祈祷它们不会打到你
The big question really seems to be
真正的大问题似乎在于
whether or not the North Vietnamese intend to overrun Con Thien.
北越军队是否真的要占领康天
The Marines have tripled the number of troops guarding the outpost,
陆战队已经增加了两倍的兵力来守卫这个哨点
and they've moved up more battalions to be ready to reinforce.
他们还让更多的营队待命进行增援
I sat in water.
我在水里坐着
I slept in water.
我在水里睡觉
I ate in water,
我在水里吃饭
because our holes were full.
因为我们的坑洞已经满人了
I mean a flooded foxhole could drown a wounded man.
一个淹水的散兵坑就可能淹死一个伤员
Spend your day filling up sand bags,
整天都在装沙袋
trying to create barriers
然后拿沙袋当掩体
that you just put another layer on, put another layer on.
堆了一层又一层
A lot of mud, blood, uh...
有很多的泥巴 血液
and artillery.
以及炮火
It's red clay up there.
那里都是红黏土
And it's real sticky
真的很黏
and it could just grab onto you and pull your boots off.
黏上鞋子后都能把鞋子扯掉
It's hard to run in that stuff. And running,
在上面很难跑起来
when you're at a place where they're firing heavy artillery at you,
当敌人对你狂轰滥炸时
running's pretty important.
跑起来是很重要的
During the siege in the fall of 1967,
在1967年秋天的围困中
we were getting newspaper articles in the mail from our families
我们能收到家人寄来的新闻报道
and we were being called the Alamo.
文章上面说这就像是阿拉莫之战
You know, hey, we knew what the Alamo was.
我们当然知道阿拉莫之战
We knew what happened there.
我们知道当时的情况
Like almost like every hour there'd be a barrage.
几乎每个小时就有一阵炮火
People get blown to bits, literally blown to bits.
人们被炸成碎片 真的是碎片
You find a... a boot with a leg in it, right.
你能找到一只穿着鞋子的脚
And so is the leg white or black?
能看到这脚是白人还是黑人的
So who... who was the white Marine that was here?
那么这里有哪些陆战队员是白人呢
Who was the black?
有哪些是黑人呢
So then you try to remember and you tag it
你就要试着想起来这会是谁的
and put that in the green bag.
然后先把它放进袋子里
And that's what goes back, you know,
等到时再还回去
as Marine Lance Corporal so and so.
给陆战队的某个准下士
And so, but sometimes you're not even sure
但有时你确定不了那是谁的
because the body has literally been blown to bits,
因为躯体真的都被炸成碎片了
and the only thing that's left is a foot or a piece of an arm.
所以可能就只剩个残肢断臂了
I carried a wallet calendar from Clifford Forlow Insurance.
我带了一张克利福德·法洛保险公司的钱包日历
He was my dad's insurance agent.
他是我爸的保险代理人
And I marked off each of the days religiously.
我认真地划掉了每一天
And then in October, we went up to Con Thien again.
然后在10月份 我们又要去康天了
I just stopped,
我就没再划了
because I thought,
因为我想
"This is pointless. I'm not getting... I'm not gonna go home.
这完全没意义 我肯定回不了家了
"I'm not gonna make it home.
我回不去了
What... you know, what's the point?"
还有什么意义呢
So I just quit marking them off.
所以我就不再划日历了
I had the opportunity to call my mother, you know.
我有时能打电话给我妈
And I was telling my mother what was happening over there
我跟我妈说那里发生了什么
and I was telling her
我跟她说
how she shouldn't believe what she sees in the newspaper
不要相信新闻
and-and sees on television
和电视上说的
because we're losing the war.
因为我们正在输掉这场战争
And I said, "You'll probably never see me again
我说 "你可能再也见不到我了
"because we're the most northern outpost that the Marines have,
因为我们是陆战队里最北边的哨点"
"We could literally could look right into North Vietnam.
我们一探头就能看到北越了
We could see the sparks when the guns fired on us."
我们能看到对方枪口的焰火
And I said, "And everybody in my unit is dying, you know.
我说 "我队里的每个人都要死了
And I probably won't be coming back."
我可能回不去了"
And my mother said, "No, you're coming back."
我妈就说 "不会的 你会回来的"
She said, "I talk to God every day and you're special.
她说 "我每天都跟上帝祷告 你跟别人不一样
You're coming back."
你会回来的"
And I said, "Ma, everybody's mother thinks that
我说 "妈 每个妈妈都会觉得
"they're special, you know.
自己的小孩是特例
I'm putting pieces of special people in bags."
我就在把一些特例的遗骸装进尸体袋里"
And I was feeling that my mother's in denial.
我感觉我妈不太想承认
She just doesn't want to face the fact that
她不想面对现实
her only son is gonna die in Vietnam.
接受唯一的儿子将会死在越南
And I said, "Ma, this isn't a joke."
我说 "妈 这不是玩笑"
I said, "Everybody's dying over here, you know.
我说 "每个人都会死在这里"
Everybody's dying."
"每个人都在死去"
And she said, "You're not gonna die.
她说 "你不会死的"
You're not gonna die."
"你不会死的"
And, uh, the last thing she said to me was,
她最后对我说道
"God has a plan for you."
"上帝对你自有安排"
And I said, "Yeah, right."
我说 "是啊"
And I hung up.
然就我挂断了
Mr. Stout, during what period of time were you in Vietnam?
斯托特先生 你是什么时候在越南的呢
I was in Vietnam from September of 1966
我在越南是从1966年9月
丹尼斯·斯托特
记者
to September of 1967, one year.
到1967年9月这一年
And with what unit?
在哪个单位呢
With the 1st Brigade of the 101st Airborne.
101空降师第1旅
During the time that you were in Vietnam,
你在越南期间
did you personally witness any atrocities on the part of American troops?
你见过美军这边有做出过什么暴行吗
Yes, I did.
有的 我见过
Dennis Stout from Phoenix, Arizona,
丹尼斯·斯托特来自亚利桑那州凤凰城
had enlisted in the Army at 20,
他在20岁时参军入伍
and served nine months in combat.
在战区服役过9个月
Wounded three times,
负伤3次后
he became an Army reporter
他成了一名军队记者
covering the 327th Regiment of the 101st Airborne.
报道101空降师第327团
He would spend most of his time with a unique commando platoon
他大多数时间都在一支特殊的突击排里
called "Tiger Force"...
名叫 "猛虎队"
small, handpicked teams,
这支小而精的队伍
capable of remaining in the jungle for weeks at a time,
能够一次在丛林里待上数个星期
fast-moving and deadly,
行动迅猛 杀伤力大
intended to "out-guerrilla the guerrillas."
专门 "以游击打游击"
Tiger Force fought in six different provinces,
猛虎队在6个不同省份内作战
repeatedly suffering heavy losses.
不停地遭受重大伤亡
If you've lost your best friend and you want revenge,
如果你失去了最好的朋友而意欲复仇的话
it's the officers who say, "No, you can't do that."
军官们就会说 "不行 你不可以这样做"
And if you do it, then there's consequences.
如果你坚持报复 那就要面临后果
But when the officers, and it includes
但当军官们以及
the platoon leader and the battalion commander,
排长和营长们
里翁·考西
猛虎队医疗兵
are telling you that this is what you're supposed to do,
都告诉你就该怀恨复仇时
then it gets completely out of hand.
那局面就会完全失控了
Some at MACV worried that
美军援越司令部里的一些人担心
such a freewheeling outfit, operating on its own,
这支小队如此无约无束 自由行动
would be difficult to control.
将会很难控制他们
But General Westmoreland and commanders in the field
但威斯特摩兰将军和战场指挥官们
admired Tiger Force for its reliable ferocity.
都很欣赏猛虎队的凶狠可靠
In the summer of 1967,
1967年夏天
Tiger Force was sent to the fertile Song Ve Valley.
猛虎队被派去肥沃的宋维谷
The entire population had already been herded from their homes
那里的所有居民都被赶出了他们的家园
and crowded into a refugee camp.
并挤在一处难民营里
But some had come back to resume the farming
但有些人还继续回去
they had always done.
像以往一样耕作
The valley had officially been declared a free-fire zone,
该河谷已被宣布为自由交火带
and Tiger Force's officers took that literally.
猛虎队的军官们就把这照字面理解了
"There are no friendlies," one lieutenant told his men.
"这里没有友军" 一名中尉跟手下说道
"Shoot anything that moves."
"朝一切活动的东西开枪"
Over a seven-month period,
在7个月的时间里
they killed scores of unarmed civilians.
他们杀死了许多毫无武装的平民
Among their victims were two blind brothers;
死者中有一对盲人兄弟
an elderly Buddhist monk;
一名年老的佛教和尚
women, children, and old people hiding in underground shelters;
还有躲在地下掩体里的妇女 小孩和老人
and three farmers trying to plant rice.
以及3名在种水稻的农民
All were reported as "enemy... killed in action."
这些人都被上报为 "当场击毙的敌军"
These atrocities were committed by
实施这些暴行的正是
soldiers of units I was assigned to
我所在部队的士兵们
as a reporter for the Army newspapers, such as...
我在里面给军报当记者...
Tiger Force was not the only platoon Dennis Stout covered
斯托特所报道的各个排里并非只有猛虎队
that crossed the line.
越过了界限
One such incident was the
还有一个情况就是
rape and killing of a Vietnamese girl.
强奸并杀死一名越南女孩
She was captured, kept for interrogation.
她被抓来监禁审讯
Over a two-day period, she was raped, then,
在两天的时间里 她被强奸了
on the morning of the third day, she was killed.
在第三天早上 她就被杀了
Was she raped by more than one person?
强奸她的有不止一个人吗
Yes, all but the medic and myself,
是的 所有人 除了一名医疗兵和我
and possibly one other man from the platoon.
可能还有排里的另一个人
Did you protest?
你有抗议吗
Did you try in any way to have them stopped?
你有试过什么办法阻止他们吗
Yes. After the rape incident,
有的 在强奸发生后
I complained to the battalion sergeant major,
我向营队里的一名高级军士长控诉过
and his response was that
然后他回答说
this type of thing happens in all wars,
这种事在所有战争里都会发生
and that I was not to mention it;
说我不该提这事
it was a common occurrence.
这是一个普遍现象
Then later, I went to the chaplain,
后来我找了军队牧师
told him about it,
跟他说了这事
he made an investigation himself,
他自己进行了调查
found that this was true,
发现确有其事后
went with me to the sergeant major.
跟我去找了高级军士长
The sergeant major then said that...
高级军士长后来说
well, he told the chaplain to stick to religion,
他叫牧师要坚守信仰
sent him away, and then he told me to keep quiet,
支走他后还叫我不要乱说
that I did not have to return from the next operation.
不然我可能就参加不了下次行动了
Years later, another soldier came forward
一年后 另一名士兵也站出来
他们将她割喉杀死
with more allegations of war crimes,
爆料出了更多的战争罪行
割掉了耳朵
and an Army investigation would find probable cause
军队调查后发现有可行的理由
我们杀死了10个农民 然后停止射击
to try 18 members of Tiger Force for murder or assault.
以谋杀和攻击的罪名来审判猛虎队的18名成员
割掉了北越士兵的头皮
But no charges were ever brought.
但军队从没提起过诉讼
The official records were buried in the archives.
官方记录都被封存进档案里了
They should have all gone to jail.
他们应该全部进监狱
They were guilty of murder.
他们都是谋杀犯
Period.
没什么好说的
At the same time, I felt like that incident,
同时我觉得这样的事
詹姆斯·威班克斯
军队顾问
which I think was an aberration, not the norm,
只是一个差错 而非常态
tarred all veterans,
但一颗老鼠屎坏了一锅粥
and there are hundreds of thousands of veterans who went and did their duty,
还有成千上万名士兵尽忠职守
and as honorable as they possibly could,
十分爱惜自己的荣誉与体面
and they're tarred with the same brush.
但他们也因此蒙羞了
One of the things that I learned in the war is that
我在战争中学到了一件事
we're not the top species on the planet
人类成为这星球上的万物之灵并不是
because we're nice.
因为我们有多么友好
We are a very aggressive species.
我们是很有侵略性的物种
卡尔·马兰提斯
陆战队
It is in us.
我们本性如此
And people talk a lot about how, "Well, the military turns
人们常说军队如何把孩子
kids into killing machines" and stuff.
变成杀戮机器之类的
And I'll always argue that it's just finishing school.
而我总说这只是完成学业而已
What we do with civilization is that we learn to
我们迈向文明的过程就是要学会
inhibit and rope in these aggressive tendencies.
抑制和控制住这种侵略性
And we have to recognize them.
我们需要认识这些点
I worry about a whole country that doesn't recognize it.
我担心整个国家都没认识到这个
'Cause you think of how many times we get ourselves in scrapes as a nation
因为你想想我们这个国家有多少次自作自受
because we're always the good guys.
因为我们总觉得自己是好人
Sometimes, I think if we thought that we weren't always the good guys,
有时我觉得如果我们没有总认为自己是好人
we might actually get in less wars.
那我们可能就会少点战争了
Mr. Rubin,
鲁宾先生
how do you realistically expect to shut down the Pentagon?
你有什么现实依据要关停国防部呢
The Pentagon represents the murder of people throughout the world.
国防部代表了蹂躏全球的杀人犯们
杰里·鲁宾
反战活动家
And the American people have no control of what their government's doing.
美国人民没法控制政府的所作所为
And so we're going to go there in the scores of thousands,
所以我们要成千上万人一起去那里
and block doors and fill hallways,
堵住门口 挡住走廊
so the work of the Pentagon stops.
让国防部无法工作
Because the work of the Pentagon should stop.
因为国防部就该停止活动
The only thing to do with the Pentagon is to shut it down.
国防部就该被关停
There was a major demonstration either in New York
每个秋天和春天都会有一场大型示威
or in Washington every fall and every spring.
不是在纽约 就是在华盛顿
We decided that we would go to the demonstration
我们在1967年的秋天决定
比尔·齐默曼
反战活动家
in Washington at the Lincoln Memorial in the fall of '67,
到华盛顿的林肯纪念碑示威
but we would take as many people out of that demonstration as we could
但我们会尽量把示威的人们带走
and lead them to the Pentagon.
带他们去国防部
And at the Pentagon, try to do something more militant
到国防部试着去做一些更激进的行为
than simply stand around and make speeches opposing the war,
而非仅仅站在一起发表反战演说
which is what these demonstrations had become.
此前的示威就都只会发表演说
And when the time came to lead people
那时候人们就被带着
away from the Lincoln Memorial toward the Pentagon,
离开了林肯纪念碑 走向国防部
50,000 people marched.
5万人共同前进
Bill Zimmerman, now an assistant professor of psychology at Brooklyn College,
比尔·齐默曼当时是布鲁克林学院的心理学助理教授
had been against the war since the beginning.
他从一开始就反对战争
Then we found when we got there concentric defense perimeters
我们到那里后发现有一圈圈的警戒线
that had been set up around the Pentagon
挡在国防部的外面
to keep us at a distance from the building.
让我们无法接近五角大楼
We pushed against them, we tore down their fences.
我们冲击他们 我们冲开他们的人墙
I was working that weekend day.
我那天周末还在工作
The secretaries who were working in my area
我办公区的秘书们
莱斯利·吉尔伯
国防部
were frightened to hell
都非常地害怕
what these Vietnam protesters would do.
这些越战抗议者会做出什么
They thought they were going to come into the building and rape them.
她们以为他们要进来强奸她们
Some of them actually came over the walls.
他们有些人确实越过人墙了
It was a sense of revolution.
那就像是一场革命
God knows what we were going to do when we got in the building.
天知道我们进楼后要做什么
Some people, the hippies,
有些嬉皮士
said they were going to levitate the building.
说他们要让五角大楼漂浮起来
Other people wanted to commit vandalism in the building.
有些人想在大楼里搞破坏
Other people wanted to distribute antiwar literature in the building,
还有些人想在大楼里发放反战文学
talk to people.
并劝说人们
Just the idea of
大家都想要
getting into the headquarters of the United States military...
进入美国军事的总部
It was the first time that antiwar demonstrators
这是反战示威者第一次
had confronted active-duty military personnel.
对峙现役的军人
We didn't consider them the enemy.
我们没把他们当作敌人
We considered them victims of the war.
我们把他们当作是战争的受害者
But we began to see our own government as the enemy.
但我们开始把我们的政府视作敌人
President Johnson believed that international communism
约翰逊总统认为国际共产主义
was somehow behind the demonstration.
在背后支持着这场示威
He had directed the CIA to come up with the evidence,
他命令中情局搜集证据
and was furious when it found none.
但最终一无所获令他很生气
1967年11月4日
Mr. President?
总统先生
德怀特·艾森豪威尔
美国前总统
Yes.
我在
林登·约翰逊
美国总统
This is General Eisenhower.
我是艾森豪威尔将军
How've you been, Mr. President?
你还好吗 总统先生
I'm doing fine under the circumstances.
鉴于当下局势 我还好吧
But we just had hell,
但我们刚遇上大麻烦了
and these college students, I've had Hoover in after them.
我已经让胡佛去查这些学生了
They came marched here, and we arrested 600 of them,
他们游行到这里 我们逮捕了他们600人
and we gave 29 of them pretty tough times.
我们对其中29人狠狠教训了一下
We found most of them really were mentally diseased.
我们发现他们大多都有精神疾病
Hoover's taken 256 that turned in supposedly their draft cards.
胡佛手上有256人应该上缴征兵证
So, you're dealing with mental problems,
所以你们处理的是精神问题
I think that we talk too damn much
我觉得我们讲了太多他妈的
about civil liberties and constitutional rights of the individual
个人的公民自由和宪法权利
and not enough about the rights of the masses.
却很少讲大众的权利
That's why we have it.
所以我们才需要有大众的权利
We have freely elected people
我们有自由选举的人民
and we've got to stand behind them.
我们必须支持这些选民
I think your government's in trouble, General.
我觉得政府陷入麻烦了 将军
I think it's in... I don't want to say this.
我不想这么说
But I think we're in more danger
但我觉得现在这些左翼
from these left-wing influences now
对我们的影响更为危险
than we've ever been in 37 years I've been here.
比我在这里37年来所见过的都危险
And they're working in my party from within.
他们现在还渗透到了我的党内
And Bobby thinks he's going to get the nomination.
鲍勃觉得自己能获得总统提名
Allard Lowenstein, a 38-year-old attorney from New York,
阿拉德·洛温斯坦是38岁的纽约律师
shared the antiwar fervor of the protestors,
跟抗议者们一样非常反战
but he believed the most effective way to end the fighting
但他相信结束争斗的最有效途径
was to work within the political system,
应是在政治体系里活动
not outside it.
而非在其外
The answer, he said, was to stop Lyndon Johnson
他说答案在于阻止林登·约翰逊
from getting a second full term as president.
得到下一个完整的总统任期
He had traveled the country all year
他整年走遍全国
in search of someone willing to challenge the president
希望有人能在即将到来的
in the upcoming Democratic primaries.
民主党初选中挑战现任总统
He asked Senator Robert Kennedy of New York,
他问了纽约的参议员 罗伯特·肯尼迪
who had begun to criticize the Johnson administration over the war.
后者刚批评过约翰逊政府的战争政策
He asked Lieutenant General James Gavin.
他问了中将 詹姆斯·加文
He asked Senator George McGovern of South Dakota.
他问了南达科他州的参议员 乔治·麦戈文
They all turned him down.
他们都拒绝了他
Lowenstein kept looking.
洛温斯坦继续寻找
At Fort Sill, Oklahoma, on November 17, 1967,
1967年11月17日在俄克拉何马州的锡尔堡
friends and family of a fallen soldier gathered for a funeral,
亲友们正在参加一名阵亡士兵的葬礼
one of five military funerals held there that month.
这个月这里就有5场军队葬礼
First Sergeant Pascal Cleatus Poolaw
军士长 帕斯卡·克里特斯·普洛
had been killed as he tried to drag one of his wounded men
在禄宁村附近的战斗中试着
off the battlefield near the village of Loc Ninh.
救走一名负伤的手下而阵亡
He was a remarkable soldier,
他是个非凡的士兵
had been awarded one Silver Star in World War II,
在二战中获得过一枚银星勋章
two more in Korea,
在韩战时又获得过两枚
and was awarded a fourth, posthumously,
死后还获得了第四枚
for his gallantry in Vietnam.
以表彰他在越南的英勇
He was a Kiowa Indian.
他是基奥瓦印第安人
He and three of his sons were among
他和3名儿子等
the 42,000 Native Americans who would serve in Vietnam,
4.2万名美国原住民都参加了越战
the highest per capita service rate of any ethnic group in the United States.
这参军率比美国的其他民族都要高
Pascal Poolaw's widow spoke at the ceremony.
帕斯卡·普洛的遗孀在葬礼上发言
"He has followed the trail of the great chiefs," she said.
"他追寻着伟大酋长们的足迹" 她说道
"His people hold him in honor and highest esteem.
"人们以他为荣 对他无比崇敬"
"He has given his life for the people and the country he loved so much."
"他把自己的生命献给了他所挚爱的人民和国家"
I didn't hear the word "hippie" until I was at Con Thien
我到康天才知道 "嬉皮" 这个词
and we got a Playboy, somebody got a Playboy in the mail,
有人的邮件里有《花花公子》 所以我们也能看到
which was obviously very important to us.
这对我们来说显然很重要
And there was an article on Haight-Ashbury
上面有篇文章讲海特-阿什伯里
约翰·马斯格雷夫
陆战队
and pictures of the girls running around without their tops,
还有张图片是女孩们没穿上衣到处跑
you know, free love.
自由之爱之类的
And they were hippies.
她们就是嬉皮士
And we thought it was "hip pie" cause it had two Ps.
我们不懂还以为读作 "嬉派"
You know, "Hey, I'm gonna go home and be one of these hip pies
我想 "嘿 我也要回家成为一名嬉派"
"because the girls don't wear no clothes.
"因为那些女孩们都不穿衣服"
You know, and they'll go to bed with anybody."
"她们会随便跟人上床"
You know, even I could score.
那我也能分一杯羹
But the only information I had of the peace movement
但我对这场和平运动的唯一了解
came from Stars and Stripes.
则来自于《星条旗报》
And that wasn't a real objective newspaper.
因为这报纸的报道并没有很客观
And so I hated them
所以我就跟着仇恨他们
before I ever even knew anything about them.
但我对他们都还没什么了解
The monsoon rains continued to make life miserable
季风降雨继续折磨着
for John Musgrave and the other Marines at Con Thien.
马斯格雷夫和康天的陆战队员们
But by early November, the worst of the shelling had ended.
但到11月初 最猛烈的轰炸已经结束了
American airstrikes, artillery, and Navy fire
美军的空袭 火炮和海军火力
had taken a fearful toll on the besieging enemy.
对围军造成了可怕的伤害
Before dawn on November 7,
在11月7日凌晨前
two companies of Musgrave's outfit
马斯格雷夫所在部队的两支连队
were sent half a mile into the countryside
被派往基地西北半英里外的
northwest of the base to sweep the area again.
郊区进行再次清剿
We got into an area that was old hedgerows
我们进到一片灌木长了很高的地方
that's grown over with jungle.
那里也长满了丛林
Very difficult to see very far.
很难看清远处
In the clear area, we had three NVA show themselves
在空旷的地方 我们看到了3名北越士兵
and start just spraying 30 rounds out of their AKs
他们用AK步枪打出了一轮子弹
and then booking.
然后就跑了
The company commander himself said, "I want their bodies.
连队指挥官说 "我要他们的尸体"
Bring me their bodies."
"把他们的尸体带来给我"
Everything's about body count, right?
一切都要看尸体数量 是的吧
We said, "Man, this is as old as Custer.
我们说 "长官 这是老套路了"
"These guys are showing themselves to draw us into an ambush.
"这些人故意自己跳出来引诱我们进埋伏"
"Lieutenant, don't do this," you know.
"长官 不能去追的"
"Please, these guys are bait."
"真的 这些人都是诱饵"
Well, the skipper says, "We got to go. We got to go."
他说 "我们必须要去 必须要去"
And...
然后...
we went.
我们就去了
And I can't tell you a whole lot about the ambush.
我不能跟你讲很多埋伏的事
I was one of the first people to be shot.
我是第一个被击中的人
One round put me down.
一发子弹把我击倒了
And my grenadier was down,
我的掷弹兵倒下了
and we were trying to get him back.
我们想把他拉回来
And Marines, from the first day in boot camp,
陆战队员从第一天在新兵营开始
you learn that Marines don't leave their dead,
你就学会了陆战队员从不丢下战友遗体
and they never, never leave their wounded.
他们也绝不会丢下受伤的战友
And that's why I'm alive today.
所以我才能活到今天
First guy that came for me...
第一个来拉我的人...
I was lying on my face...
我脸朝下躺着...
he reached down and stuck his arms under my shoulders and lifted me up
他俯下身 把手搭在我肩膀上 将我抬起
and the machine gun wasn't any far,
敌人的机枪就在不远处
was maybe nine feet, ten feet at the most, away from me.
可能离我最多就3米左右
This is a very intimate ambush.
这是一场很近距离的伏击
It's a brawl.
这就是一场殴斗
And he fired a burst into my chest
对方朝我胸口开了一枪
that blew me out of the Marine's arms that was holding me
把我从那名陆战队员的手上打了下来
and then he was shot.
然后也打到了他
Another very brave young Marine,
另一名很勇敢的小陆战队员
this 18-year-old
只有18岁
from Louisiana,
来自路易斯安那
his first firefight,
这是他第一次交战
had seen what happened and still came for me.
他看到了这样子还坚持来拉我
And he reached for me, and he was shot I think in the forearm.
他来到我这里 我想他前臂也被打到了
And he was laying beside me.
他就躺在我旁边
Now, I've got a hole through my chest big enough
我自己的胸口被打了一个大洞
to stick your fist through.
都可以塞进你的拳头了
I'm dying and I know it.
我知道自己要死了
And I heard this horrible screaming going on,
我听到一直有个恐怖的叫声
and I was trying to figure out who was screaming like that,
我想知道这是谁的叫声
because it sounded so...
因为它听起来太...
And then I realized it was me.
然后我意识到这是我自己的叫声
When they began to drag us out,
他们来把我们拉出去时
they were being pursued by the North Vietnamese,
他们也被北越士兵追击着
and they would drop us
所以他们会先放下我们
and lay on top of us.
卧倒在我们上面
They knew... we were both dying.
他们知道我们都快死了
The grenadier had been shot in the right side of his chest.
我的掷弹兵也被打到了右胸口
They knew... we were both dead.
他们知道我们都死定了
But we were still alive.
但我们还没咽气
So, they weren't gonna leave us.
所以他们就不会丢下我们
They would die before they would leave us.
他们死都不会丢下我们
And they covered us with their bodies
他们用自己的身体掩护我们
and fired back at the NVA
并开火回击北越士兵
and then they'd jump up and drag us a little farther
然后他们跳起来再把我们拖走一点
and then drop us and lay back on top of us.
然后再放下我们 卧倒在我们上面
And I kept telling them to leave me.
我一直叫他们别管我了
And I meant it. I meant it.
我是说真的 说真的
But all of a sudden I got scared that they might really leave me.
但突然间我也害怕他们真的丢下我
I was triaged three times.
我经过三次伤检分类
And the senior corpsman said,
高级军医说
"He's either shot through the heart or the lungs.
"他是心脏或肺部被打穿了"
There's nothing I can do for him."
"我对他也无能为力"
And he just turned away.
然后他就走了
I went, "Well, okay."
我想 "那好吧"
And then, a helicopter came in.
然后一架直升机来了
And they threw me into the bird.
他们把我扔上飞机
And the corpsman on the bird straddled me, stood over me,
机上的军医跨立在我两边
and looked down at me, and then looked up at the door gunner
他低头看了下我 然后望向舱门旁的机炮手
and went... get me out of the way
然后就带我离开了
because he couldn't work on me.
因为他对我也没有办法
I was a dead man.
我是半个死人了
And they flew me to Delta Med at Dong Ha.
他们把我载到东河市的三角洲医院
And I thought, "Okay, I made it this far."
我想 "好吧 我都挺过这么久了"
And this doctor comes over and looks at me
有个医生过来看了下我
and I'm conscious.
我还有意识
I'm lucid.
我还还清醒着
And he checks a couple of things.
他检查了一下子
And I've got this huge hole in me.
我身上有个那么大的洞
And he looks at me right in the eye, and he says,
他看着我的眼睛问道
"What's your religion, Marine?"
"你有什么信仰吗 大兵"
And I said, "Well, I'm a Protestant."
我说 "我是新教徒"
And he says, "Get a chaplain over here.
他说 "叫个牧师来这里"
I can't help this man."
"我救不了这人"
And then he walked away.
然后他也走开了
Another surgeon walks by,
另一名外科医生走过来
and he looked at me,
他看着我
and I was raised to always be nice to people.
我从小就被教要与人友善
And when he looked at me, I smiled at him and nodded.
他看着我的时候 我就朝他微笑并点头
And he said, "Why isn't somebody helping this man?"
他说 "怎么没有人来帮帮这人呢"
And inside I'm going,
我在心里想
"Yeah, why isn't somebody helping this man?"
"是啊 怎么没有人来帮帮这人呢"
When they put me to sleep, I thought,
他们给我麻醉时 我还想
"Boy, this is really it,"
"好吧 就只能这样了"
And it was kind of, "Okay, God,
我想 "好吧 上帝"
into your hands, I deliver my spirit."
"承您之手 奉我魂灵"
And I thought that was it.
我以为我就这样死去了
And when I woke up in the surgical intensive care ward,
后来我在外科重症监护病房里醒来
which was a Quonset hut,
那是由活动房搭起来
I thought, "Holy mackerel."
我想 "我的天啊"
I just couldn't... I couldn't believe it.
我简直难以置信
Yesterday over Hanoi,
昨天在河内上空
three American planes were shot down
3架美军飞机被击落
and at least two of their pilots captured.
至少有两名飞行员被俘
One of them was Lieutenant Commander John McCain III,
其中就有少校 约翰·麦凯恩三世
the son of the U.S. Naval commander in Europe.
美国海军驻欧洲总司令的儿子
我记得那是星期天
河内的天空满是美军的战机
许多都被击落了
飞行员们通常会弹射到很远的地方
但这个人落在离炸机很近的地方
我从街上就全都看到了
虽然轰炸还在继续
包宁
河内
但我们仍跑出去抓飞行员
我们到的时候已经有士兵抓住他了
许多美军飞行员都被俘虏了
但广播里特地念到了约翰·麦凯恩的名字
Hanoi was so pleased to have captured the son of an American admiral
河内很高兴俘虏了美国海军上将的儿子
that they allowed a French journalist to interview McCain in the hospital.
他们还允许法国记者在医院采访麦凯恩
He had just had his broken bones set
他才刚刚处理好断骨
without even an aspirin for the pain.
但他都没有阿司匹林来止痛
What is your name?
你叫什么名字呢
Lieutenant Commander John McCain.
约翰·麦凯恩 少校
How many raids have you done until the last one?
截至上次行动 你一共执行过几次空袭呢
About 23.
大概23次
In which circumstances have you been shot down?
你是在什么情况下被击落的呢
I was on a flight over the city of Hanoi,
我正飞到河内上空
and I was bombing
我正在进行轰炸
and I was hit by either a missile or anti-aircraft fire.
然后我就被导弹还是防空火力给击中了
I'm not sure which,
我不确定是什么
and the plane continued straight down,
然后飞机就持续直线下坠
and I ejected and broke my leg and both arms
我就弹射出来并断了一条腿两双手
and went into a lake; parachuted into a lake.
然后伞降到一片湖里
And I was picked up by some North Vietnamese
我被一些北越士兵抓到后
and taken to the hospital, where I almost died.
就被带到医院里 还差点死掉了
I would just like to tell...
我想告诉...
...my wife...
我的妻子
...I will get well...
我会好起来的
...and I love her and I hope to see her soon.
我爱她 希望很快能再见到她
After the interview, McCain was beaten
采访结束后 麦凯恩遭到了殴打
for not expressing sufficient gratitude to his captors.
因为他没有足够地感激俘虏他的人
All through the fall of 1967,
在1967年的整个秋天
the North Vietnamese and the Viet Cong
北越军队和越共
continued their series of "Border Battles"
继续进行一系列的 "边境战争"
in preparation for their surprise offensive, still months away.
为几个月后的突袭攻势做着准备
Con Thien, where John Musgrave was wounded,
康天这处马斯格雷夫的负伤之地
had been the first.
首当其冲
Then came the ARVN base at Song Be.
然后就是南越国军的松北基地
The South Vietnamese outpost adjacent to
跟省府禄宁县毗邻的
the provincial capital of Loc Ninh was next.
南越哨点则在其后
There, large units of North Vietnamese and Viet Cong regulars
在那里 众多的北越和越共正规军
mounted a coordinated attack,
发动了一场联合进攻
and then fought for five days to hold on to the ground they'd gained,
然后还在攻占的地方坚守了5天
something they had never done before.
这是他们之前从未做过的事
American commanders were puzzled.
美军指挥官们困惑不已
Then, in early November, reports reached MACV
然后在11月初 美军援越司令部收到报告
that five North Vietnamese regiments and a Viet Cong battalion...
说有5个北越军团和1个越共营队
some 7,000 men in all...
总共约7千人
had begun massing in the Central Highlands
开始涌进了中央高地
around the U.S. Special Forces camp at Dak To again.
再一次逼近了美军特种部队在得苏的营地
Among the North Vietnamese regulars was Nguyen Thanh Son,
这些北越正规军里就有阮青山
who had been so eager to fight that he too
他也很想加入战斗
had filled his pockets with rocks to pass his physical.
所以也在口袋里放了石头以通过体检
我们指挥官的策略
就是引诱美国人上来这里
我们就在中央高地上消灭他们
阮青山
北越军队
As the NVA deployed their troops,
在北越军队部署兵力时
Westmoreland sent his to Dak To,
威斯特摩兰也派自己的部队来到得苏
exactly what the enemy wanted him to do.
这正中了敌人的下怀
Among the Americans were the men of the elite 173rd Airborne,
这些美军中就有精英部队 173空降旅
Westmoreland's Fire Brigade.
这是威斯特摩兰的灭火队
We all knew in a general sense that we wouldn't be brought back
我们都知道一般如果没有什么大事
if there wasn't something big going on.
我们就不会再回来这里了
You just knew that the area was crawling with North Vietnamese,
你只知道这地方满是北越士兵
马特·哈里森
陆军
and that they were there not to avoid contact with us,
并且他们在那里不是要躲开我们
but they were there to have contact with us.
他们在那里是想跟我们交战
First Lieutenant Matthew Harrison
中尉 马特·哈里森
was now with Alpha Company of the 2nd Battalion,
当时在2营A连
the same rifle company that had been ambushed
正是这支步兵连曾于6月份
and so badly shattered back in June on the slopes of Hill 1338,
在1338山的斜坡上遭受埋伏并溃败
just 14 miles to the east.
那里就在此地东边22千米
This wasn't like the Viet Cong
这次跟对付越共不一样
where if you could find them, you could kill them.
如果你能找到越共 你就能杀掉他们
Our problem wasn't finding them.
我们的问题不在于找到他们
Our problem was what to do with them once you found them.
我们的问题在于找到他们后该怎么办
The 174th NVA Regiment was waiting.
北越军第174团正在守株待兔
Nguyen Thanh Son and his men were already dug in on the high ground
阮青山和战友们已经扎进了高地
they knew the Americans would want to command:
他们知道美军会想把指挥所设在这里
Hill 875.
875山
我们一个月前就到那里了
挖了散兵坑和掩体 以及一条环山堑壕
有人问我们
"这片森林宁静而美丽"
"我们干嘛来这里呢"
我们就告诉他们
"继续干活"
"他们会来的"
On Sunday morning, November 19, 1967,
1967年11月19日 星期天早上
Alpha, Charlie, and Delta Companies
A连 C连和D连
were ordered to take Hill 875.
奉命去占领875山
Matt Harrison had been wounded in an earlier fight
马特·哈里森在之前的战斗中负伤了
and was not permitted to accompany his men.
于是不能跟着队友前去
He anxiously followed their progress over the radio.
他通过无线电焦急地跟进着队伍的进度
Heavy artillery and flights of F-100s blasted the hillside ahead of them,
重炮和F-100战机把队伍前的山坡先炸了一番
meant to knock out enemy positions
希望能先打掉敌人的阵地
before the paratroopers ever got within range.
好让士兵们顺利进入
875山的山顶被炸平了
都没什么树剩下了
美国人把树丛都炸光了
在炸弹下来的时候
我们都安全地躲在掩体内
The three companies moved up the slope,
3支连队朝着斜坡走上去
Charlie and Delta in the lead,
C连和D连走在前面
Alpha bringing up the rear.
A连殿后
The paratroopers stepped warily into a clearing
伞兵们小心翼翼地走进一片空地
filled with fallen trees from the morning's bombardment
那里满是早上被炸倒的树木
and only a little over 300 yards from the summit.
距离山顶只剩不到300米了
他们爬上山来的时候 我们一直没开火
等他们离我们的堑壕只有5米时
我们都能看见他们的脸了
我们大喊 开火
Thousands of automatic weapon rounds ripped through the air.
上千把自动武器的枪声响彻天空
Chinese-made grenades came rolling and bumping down the slopes.
中国制造的手雷沿着斜坡滚滚而下
The Americans sought cover where they could behind fallen trees,
美国人尽可能地躲在倒地的树后
scrabbled at the earth with their helmets,
戴着头盔在地上摸爬
trying to dig fighting holes.
试着挖出战斗坑位
Charlie and Delta companies were pinned down
C连和D连都被压制得动弹不了
and being torn to pieces.
还被打得溃不成军
Meanwhile, near the foot of the hill,
与此同时 在靠近山脚的地方
other North Vietnamese troops surprised Alpha Company from behind.
其他的北越部队从背后突袭了A连
They were first spotted moving up through the trees
他们在穿过树林往上走的时候
by a private from the Bronx named Carlos Lozada.
被一名来自布朗克斯的列兵 卡洛斯·洛萨达 发现了
As the men of his company scrambled up the slope,
在队友们带着伤员
dragging their wounded with them,
爬上斜坡的时候
Lozada provided what cover he could,
洛萨达尽可能地提供了火力掩护
firing his M-60 machine gun from his hip...
他把M-60机枪顶在腰间开火
before a bullet hit him in the head.
然后一颗子弹正中他的头部
He would be awarded a posthumous Medal of Honor.
后来他被追授了荣誉勋章
Back home, the battle led the nightly news.
在国内 这场战斗也盘踞着晚间新闻
The Battle of Dak To is now on its 19th day,
得苏战役已经进行了19天
and already ranks among the bloodiest campaigns of the Vietnam War.
并且成为了越战中最为血腥的一场战斗
There's no sign yet of any let-up.
丝毫没有缓和的迹象
Over the weekend, three companies of the 173rd Airborne Brigade
上个周末 173空降旅的3支连队
moved down this river valley,
沿着这条河谷往下
up which North Vietnamese normally infiltrate,
上到常有北越部队渗透的区域
until they got down here by Hill 875.
再下到875山的山脚
Then, they came under heavy fire from the hill.
然后他们遭到了来自山顶的猛烈火力
Two of the three companies charged the hill,
三支连队中有两队冲向山顶
the other stayed back as a rear guard.
剩一队留下殿后
They found a...
他们发现了...
By early afternoon,
在下午早些时候
the three companies had basically been decapitated.
三支连队基本上都被斩首了
The company commanders were dead;
连队指挥官们都阵亡了
most of the officers and most of the NCOs were dead.
大多数的军官和军士也都死了
The survivors from all three companies clustered in the clearing
三支连队的幸存者们聚集到一处空地
and did their best to set up a defensive circle.
并尽力设立起了一个防御圈
American bombs and napalm pounded enemy positions
美军的炸弹和凝固汽油弹炸到了敌人阵地上
until it grew almost too dark to see.
以至于黑烟太多都看不清楚
凝固汽油弹吞噬了我们的堑壕
烧得像条火龙一样
我们的多数阵地都被完全烧毁了
我自己也被烧到了
我的脸 鼻子 手脚都烧了起来
我成了一支火把
我到处乱跑
我的士兵们把土泼到我身上才灭了火
Then, another American plane roared in and dropped two bombs.
然后另一架美军飞机咆哮着来投下两枚炸弹
One landed among the hidden enemy troops.
一枚炸弹命中了躲藏起来的敌军部队
The other fell directly on the Americans.
另一枚直接扔向了美军
In a fraction of a second, 42 were killed.
不到一秒钟内 42人就被炸死了
A badly hit lieutenant managed to find a working radio.
一名身受重伤的中尉设法找到了一台能用的无线电
"No more fucking planes," he shouted into it.
"别再派他妈的飞机来了" 他大声喊道
"You're killing us up here."
"你会害死在上边的我们"
The fighting on the hillside continued.
山坡上的战斗还在继续
The men ran out of water, began to run out of ammunition.
已经喝光水的士兵们也开始耗尽弹药了
Helicopters that tried to ferry in supplies were shot down.
试着运来补给的直升机也被击落了
The following day, Matt Harrison was able to chopper in.
第二天马特·哈里森才得以坐着直升机进去
It was chaos.
那里一片混乱
It was collections of guys who had who had tunneled and dug down behind trees.
一堆人躲在树后面的坑洞里
These were guys who had gone without water
这些人没有了水喝
in that heat for two days.
还在那种酷热下过了两天
And almost every one of them was wounded.
他们几乎每个人都负伤了
And then all around were bodies,
到处都是尸体
guys who had been shot and blown up.
满是被子弹击中和被炸死的人
It was the third circle of hell.
简直就是三层地狱
On November 23, two fresh battalions of the 173rd
11月23日 173空降旅的2支新营队
finally made it to the top of the hill, for which so many had died.
终于登上了那么多人为之牺牲的山顶
But the night before,
但在夜晚前
the surviving North Vietnamese troops had slipped down the other side
幸存的北越部队就已从另一面山坡溜下
and disappeared into Cambodia and Laos.
消失进了柬埔寨和老挝
The powers that be decided it would be important to our morale for us
上级认为夺下山顶
to be in on the taking the top of the hill.
对我们的士气非常重要
I had 26 guys left out of a company that started out of 140,
我的连队从出发时的140人剩到了26人
and all 26 had been wounded.
这26人还全都负伤了
Then Harrison and his exhausted men were helicoptered
然后哈里森和筋疲力尽的队友们搭着直升机
to the top of yet another hill.
到了另一座山的山顶
It was Thanksgiving.
那天正好是感恩节
Chinook helicopters clattered down out of the sky,
支奴干直升机从天而降
carrying huge containers of hot turkey and mashed potatoes and cranberry sauce
带着大量的热火鸡 土豆泥和蔓越莓酱
so that the 173rd could have their Thanksgiving dinner.
好让173空降旅吃上感恩节晚餐
If there are any more remote or dangerous spots
如果说在越南过感恩节还有
to spend Thanksgiving Day in Vietnam than this one,
比这里更为遥远和危险的地方
then most of these men have never seen them.
那么这里的这些人肯定会不服的
There was a TV cameraman and reporter off to the side
有个电视台的摄影师和记者就站在旁边
using us as a backdrop.
把我们当作背景
And I remember hearing the reporter intone,
我还记得那记者的腔调
"Today is November 23, Thanksgiving Day,"
"今天是11月23日 感恩节"
and I was really angry.
我真的很生气
It's as though we were entertainers.
那像是拿我们来娱乐消费一样
107 Americans had died taking Hill 875;
107名美军士兵在攻夺875山时阵亡
another 282 were wounded.
另有282人负伤
Ten more were missing.
还有10人失踪
The number of North Vietnamese casualties is unknown,
北越部队的伤亡情况不明
but their losses are thought to have been staggering.
但人们认为他们的损失也非常的大
Back in June, Matt Harrison had lost two
之前在6月份 马特·哈里森已经
West Point classmates on Hill 1338.
在1338山失去了两名西点军校的同学
He lost two more on Hill 875.
他在875山又失去了两名同学
Of the eight with whom he had served in the 2nd Battalion,
跟他一起服役于第2营的8名同学中
four were now dead and two had been wounded.
现在死了4人 还伤了2人
To take tops of mountains in a triple canopy jungle
在缅甸老挝边境的层层叠叠的
along the Cambodian-Laotian border
丛林中攻夺各处山顶
accomplished nothing of any importance.
完全没有什么意义
The Battle for Hill 875 was, in my thinking today,
875山之战在我现在看来
a microcosm of what we were doing and what went wrong in Vietnam.
就是我们在越南所作所为和不断犯错的一个缩影
There was no reason to take that hill.
完全没必要攻占那座山
We literally got to the top of the hill about mid-day on November 23
我们在11月23日中午时分真地登上了山顶
and sat there for, I don't know, half an hour, an hour,
在那里坐了大概半小时或一小时
just kind of gathering ourselves and everything together.
就集合一下所有人和物资
Chinooks came in, took us off the hill.
然后支奴干就来载我们离开这山了
And I doubt that there's been an American on Hill 875
我怀疑11月23日之后
since November 23.
875山上就没美军了
We accomplished nothing.
我们徒劳无功
A new phase is now starting.
现在一个新的阶段开始了
We have reached an important point
我们达到了一个重要的节点
when the end begins to come into view.
结局开始来到了眼前
As Matt Harrison and his men fought for Hill 875,
马特·哈里森和队友们在875山奋战时
the Johnson administration was in the midst of a "Success Offensive,"
约翰逊政府则鼓吹这是场 "成功攻势"
a PR campaign aimed at shoring up support for the war
这种公关活动旨在巩固人们对战争
and the way it was being waged.
和战争进行方式的支持
MACV released a new and surprisingly low estimate of enemy forces
美军援越司令部新发布的敌军数量低得惊人
to show how much damage the United States had done to them.
从而展示美国已经对他们造成了巨大伤损
It was only two-thirds of the total suggested by the CIA,
这数字只有中情局给出的2/3
because, after a bitter and prolonged debate behind the scenes,
因为经过在幕后的激烈而漫长的辩论后
Westmoreland had chosen to exclude from it the part-time guerrillas...
威斯特摩兰选择剔除掉那些兼职的游击队员
farmers, old men, women, even children...
农民 老人 妇女 甚至孩子
who helped place the mines, grenades, and booby traps
他们也能帮忙放置地雷 手雷和诡雷
that accounted for more than a third of all American casualties.
美军的伤亡有1/3便由此造成
General Westmoreland also told the press
威斯特摩兰将军还告诉媒体
that the impressive body counts his commanders reported
他的指挥官所上报的敌人尸体的惊人数量
were "very, very conservative."
其实还是 "非常非常保守的"
It probably represented, he said,
他说那可能只代表了
"50 percent or even less of the enemy that has been killed."
"50%或更低的杀敌数量"
Ambassador Ellsworth Bunker joined the chorus,
大使 埃尔斯沃思·邦克 也来助阵
using a metaphor first used 13 years earlier
他用了13年前越南的法军指挥官
by the French commander in Vietnam,
在奠边府大败前不久
not long before their great defeat at Dien Bien Phu.
首先用过的一个比喻
And I think we're now beginning to see light at the end of the tunnel.
我认为我们现在开始看到隧道尽头的亮光了
Mr. Ambassador, you talk about light at the end of the tunnel.
大使先生 你说到隧道尽头的亮光
How long is this tunnel?
那隧道有多长呢
Well, I don't think that you can put it into any particular timeframe,
我认为在这样的情况下无法给出
a situation like this.
一个具体的时间范围
LBJ's Success Offensive succeeded.
约翰逊鼓吹 "成功攻势" 奏效了
The number of Americans who believed the United States
越来越多的美国人相信美国
was making real progress in the war grew.
在战争中取得了真正的进展
Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara
国防部长 罗伯特·麦克纳马拉
did not take part in the public relations campaign.
没有参加这些公关活动
He had become so disillusioned with
他非常地失望于
the war he'd done so much to plan and prosecute
自己大力策划和发起的这场战争
that he wrote another secret memo to the president,
所以他又写了份备忘录给总统
advising Johnson to freeze American troop levels,
建议约翰逊控制住在越美军的数量
turn over ground operations to the South Vietnamese,
把地面行动交给南越军队负责
and halt the bombing of North Vietnam
并暂停轰炸北越
"in order to bring about negotiations."
"从而实现和谈"
There was no reason to believe, McNamara wrote,
没有理由相信 麦克纳马拉写道
that the prolonged "infliction of grievous casualties,
长期地 "造成大量伤亡"
"or the heavy punishment of air bombardment,
"或是空中轰炸的严惩"
"will suffice to break the will of the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong.
"能够击溃北越军队和越共的意志"
"The continuation of our present course of action in Southeast Asia
"延续我们当前在东南亚的方针"
"would be dangerous, costly in lives,
"将会非常危险 徒增伤亡"
and unsatisfactory to the American people."
"并让美国人民不满"
Johnson never responded.
约翰逊没有回应他
Instead, he arranged for McNamara to
不过他安排麦克纳马拉
become the president of the World Bank.
去当了世界银行的行长
McNamara would keep silent about the doubts he had harbored
麦克纳马拉对自己在地面战争
since the beginning of the ground war
开始时就持有的怀疑
for the next 28 years.
缄默了28年
His successor as defense secretary would be Clark Clifford,
继任他国防部长之职的克拉克·克利福德
a prominent Washington lawyer
是一名杰出的华盛顿律师
and trusted counselor to Democratic presidents,
也是民主党主席的资深顾问
whom Johnson was sure would be supportive of the war.
约翰逊确信他会支持这场战争
Students of Harvard...
哈佛的学生们...
Meanwhile, Allard Lowenstein's yearlong search
与此同时 阿拉德·洛温斯坦找了一年的
for a Democratic challenger to the president
民主党的总统挑战者
had finally succeeded.
终于找到了
On November 30, 1967,
1967年11月30日
Minnesota senator Eugene McCarthy announced that he would run.
明尼苏达州参议员尤金·麦卡锡宣布要竞选总统
This is an issue which has to be taken to the people
这个问题需要在1968年的竞选中
of the country in the campaign of 1968.
给全国人民一个交代
By the end of 1967,
到1967年末
20,057 Americans had died in Vietnam.
20057名美国人死在了越南
The time had come, General Westmoreland said,
威斯特摩兰将军说 是时候该准备
for an "all-out offensive on all fronts."
一场 "全方位的全力进攻" 了
But the enemy was just a month away
但敌人还有一个月
from launching an all-out offensive of its own.
也要发动他们自己的全面进攻了
翻译: @lsmlive
Paint It Black
by The Rolling Stones
中文歌词：网易云音乐 @lustmordTrista
我看见一扇红门 我想将其染黑
I see a red door and I want it painted black
不要其它的颜色 我只想将其染黑
No colors anymore I want them to turn black
我看见穿着夏日短裙的女孩们漫步街上
I see the girls walk by dressed in their summer clothes
我必须转过头去 直到黑暗想法消失
I have to turn my head until my darkness goes
我看见一排的车都被染成黑色
I see a line of cars and they're all painted black
当永远失去那美丽的鲜花和爱人
With flowers and my love, both never to come back
我看见人们纷纷转头又避开眼光
I see people turn their heads and quickly look away
就像是每日都有新生儿一般的无奇常事
Like a newborn baby it just happens ev'ryday
自我凝望后只发现内心的一片漆黑
I look inside myself and see my heart is black
我火红的心门已经被染成黑色
I see my red door and it has been painted black
也许如此我就可以散灭情感 无视现实
Maybe then I'll fade away and not have to face the facts
面对一个惨淡的人生更是难上加难
It's not easy facing up when your whole world is black
心中的一汪碧水已经难以澄澈
No more will my green sea go turn a deeper blue
我也无法为你抵挡生活的意外
I could not forsee this thing happening to you
如果我注视白日余晖足够认真
If I look hard enough into the setting sun
也许我的爱人会在太阳升起前再度与我欢笑
My love will laugh with me before the morning comes
我看见一扇红门 我想将其染黑
I see a red door and I want it painted black
不再需要任何色彩 我只想将其染黑
No colors anymore I want them to turn black
我看见穿着夏日短裙的女孩们漫步街上
I see the girls walk by dressed in their summer clothes
我必须转过头去 直到黑暗想法消失
I have to turn my head until my darkness goes
我想看见一切皆成黑色 黑如我心
I wanna see it painted, painted, painted, painted black
Learn more about the film and find additional resources at PBS.org/vietnamwar
想了解本片的更多信息和资源可访问 PBS.org/vietnamwar
and join the conversation using #VietnamWarPBS.
想加入网络讨论可使用 #VietnamWarPBS
"The Vietnam War" is available on Blu-ray and DVD.
《越南战争》的蓝光和DVD光碟正在发售
The companion book, soundtrack,
配套的书籍 原声带
and original score from the film are also available.
和原创配乐也正在发售
To order, visit shoppbs.org or call 1-800-play-PBS.
购买请访问 shoppbs.org 或致电 1-800-play-PBS
Episodes of this series also available for download from iTunes.
本系列影片也可在 iTunes 下载
Bank of America proudly supports
美国银行自豪地支持
Ken Burns' and Lynn Novick's film
肯·伯恩斯和琳恩·诺维克的影片
"the Vietnam War"
《越南战争》
because fostering different perspectives
我们志在促进重大议题上的
and civil discourse around important issues
不同观点和公民话语
furthers progress, equality,
能有更多的发展和平等
and a more connected society.
促进一个更加联通的社会
Go to bankofamerica.com/ betterconnected to learn more.
访问 bankofamerica.com/ betterconnected 获取更多资讯
Major support for "the Vietnam War"
本片的主要支持来自于
was provided by members of The Better Angels Society,
良善天使社会的成员们
including Jonathan and Jeannie Lavine,
包括 拉凡夫妇基金会
Diane and Hal Brierley,
布莱尔利基夫妇金会
Amy and David Abrams,
艾布拉姆斯夫妇基金会
John and Catherine Debs,
德布斯夫妇基金会
the Fullerton Family Charitable Fund,
富勒顿家族慈善基金会
the Montrone Ffamily,
蒙特龙家族基金会
Lynda and Stewart Resnick,
雷斯尼克夫妇基金会
the Perry and Donna Golkin Family Foundation,
戈尔金夫妇家族基金会
the Lynch Foundation,
林奇基金会
the Roger and Rosemary Enrico Foundation,
恩里科夫妇基金会
and by these additional funders.
以及这些赞助方
Major funding was also provided
主要赞助方还有
by David H. Koch...
大卫·汉密尔顿·科赫
The Blavatnik Family Foundation...
布拉瓦特尼克家族基金会
The Park Foundation,
帕克基金会
the National Endowment for the Humanities,
国家人文基金会
the Pew Charitable Trusts,
皮尤慈善信托基金会
the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation,
奈特兄弟基金会
the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation,
安德鲁·梅隆基金会
the Arthur vining Davis foundations,
亚瑟·维宁·戴维斯基金会
the Ford Foundation JustFilms,
福特基金会正义电影
by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting,
还有公共广播公司
and by viewers like you.
以及你们这样的观众
Thank you.
谢谢你们