the Maya they're considered one of the 玛雅人被认为是最先进的文明之一
most advanced civilizations to have 玛雅人被认为是最先进的文明之一
existed in the Americas before the 在西班牙征服之前存在于美洲，但究竟是谁
Spanish conquest but who exactly were 在西班牙征服之前存在于美洲，但究竟是谁
the ancient Maya people and what led to 古代玛雅人及其导致的文明瓦解
the collapse of their civilization as 古代玛雅人及其导致的文明瓦解
early as 1800 BC the Maya had began 早在公元前1800年，玛雅人就开始定居并在
settling and established villages in 早在公元前1800年，玛雅人就开始定居并在
what is today Mexico and Central America 今天的墨西哥和中美洲的玛雅文明从250高峰达到900
Maya civilization peaked from 250 to 900 今天的墨西哥和中美洲的玛雅文明从250高峰达到900
AD during what archaeologists call the 在考古学家称之为经典时期的公元40多个城市
classic period more than 40 cities 在考古学家称之为经典时期的公元40多个城市
flourished throughout the region with 玛雅人口高达50,000，在整个地区蓬勃发展
populations as large as 50,000 the Maya 玛雅人口高达50,000，在整个地区蓬勃发展
built magnificent urban centers 建造了宏伟的城市中心，由石头结构组成，包括
consisting of stone structures including 建造了宏伟的城市中心，由石头结构组成，包括
pyramid temples that were central to 除了玛雅人的宗教活动之外，金字塔庙宇也很重要
Maya religious practices in addition to 除了玛雅人的宗教活动之外，金字塔庙宇也很重要
these impressive city structures 这些令人印象深刻的城市结构农业在玛雅人中发挥了关键作用
agriculture played a key role in Maya 这些令人印象深刻的城市结构农业在玛雅人中发挥了关键作用
civilization corn was one of the 文明玉米是玛雅人创造的主要农作物之一
predominant crops the Mayan creation 文明玉米是玛雅人创造的主要农作物之一
story tells of major gods the basis of 故事讲述了主要神灵的玛雅宗教基础，他们从人类那里创造了人类
Mayan religion who created humans out of 故事讲述了主要神灵的玛雅宗教基础，他们从人类那里创造了人类
yellow and white corn the Maya also made 黄色和白色玉米Maya在数学上也取得了重大进展
significant advancements in mathematics 黄色和白色玉米Maya在数学上也取得了重大进展
and astronomy they invented the concept 天文学他们发明了零的概念
of zero and they developed an accurate 天文学他们发明了零的概念
calendar system used to guide the Maya 日历系统用于指导玛雅农业周期
agricultural cycles the calendar was 日历系统用于指导玛雅农业周期
based on observations of the Sun 基于对数千年来太阳天空的观察
sky over thousands of years the Maya 基于对数千年来太阳天空的观察
also developed the only known system of 还开发了美国中美洲象形文字中唯一已知的书写系统
writing in Mesoamerica hieroglyphs in 还开发了美国中美洲象形文字中唯一已知的书写系统
fact much of what we know about ancient 事实上，我们对古代玛雅文明了解的大部分来自解密
Maya civilization comes from deciphering 事实上，我们对古代玛雅文明了解的大部分来自解密
hieroglyphic characters inscribed in 刻在陶石板和其他废墟上的象形文字
pottery stone slabs and other ruins 刻在陶石板和其他废墟上的象形文字
discovered at ancient sites hieroglyphs 在古代遗址发现的象形文字显示，尽管玛雅人
have revealed that despite the Mayas 在古代遗址发现的象形文字显示，尽管玛雅人
ingenuity and agrarian lifestyle 某些玛雅人中，聪明才智和农业生活方式冲突盛行
conflict was prevalent among some Maya 某些玛雅人中，聪明才智和农业生活方式冲突盛行
city-states as they battled for control 各个城市国家在整个
of the region throughout much of the 各个城市国家在整个
classic period the city-state of Tikal 古典时期危地马拉的蒂卡尔城邦在位
located in modern-day Guatemala reigned 古典时期危地马拉的蒂卡尔城邦在位
as the closest thing to an empire in 作为玛雅历史上最接近帝国的事物，但在大约
Maya history but for a period of roughly 作为玛雅历史上最接近帝国的事物，但在大约
130 years the decal people were 130年来，贴花人被武力和外交手段所取代
overtaken through force and diplomacy by 130年来，贴花人被武力和外交手段所取代
the connell a rival kingdom toward the 在公元900年左右经典时期末期，康奈尔成为一个敌对王国
end of the classic period around 900 AD 在公元900年左右经典时期末期，康奈尔成为一个敌对王国
most Maya cities had collapsed among the 理论上大多数玛雅人的城市都崩溃了战争是火山喷发
theories are warfare a volcanic eruption 理论上大多数玛雅人的城市都崩溃了战争是火山喷发
and perhaps most likely drought 也许很可能是干旱，但是考古学家仍在争论为什么
however archeologists still debate why 也许很可能是干旱，但是考古学家仍在争论为什么
as new evidence continues to emerge 随着新证据的不断出现
despite the decline of ancient Maya 尽管古代玛雅文明的衰落，玛雅人却没有
civilization the Maya people have by no 尽管古代玛雅文明的衰落，玛雅人却没有
means disappeared more than 7 million 意味着消失了超过700万名玛雅人，据估计到今天还活着
Maya are estimated to be alive today in 意味着消失了超过700万名玛雅人，据估计到今天还活着
their indigenous homelands and around 他们的祖国和世界各地
the world 他们的祖国和世界各地
while they participate in modern global 在他们参与现代全球生活的同时，他们继续关注
life they continue to follow 在他们参与现代全球生活的同时，他们继续关注
agricultural and ceremonial practices of 他们祖先的农业和礼仪实践
their ancestors 他们祖先的农业和礼仪实践
[Music] [音乐]