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[SOUND]. 

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What I call structural health monitoring 
what really deals with monitoring the 

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health of infrastructure, be it smart 
buildings, as you can see here 

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I should also mention that many of these 
graphics have been taken from this 

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company with permission called Libelium 
and I promised them that I would 

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acknowledge them in my talk. 
So as you can see in your slides, there 

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is an example of of an apartment building 
in Shanghai that fell down just recently. 

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In 2009. 
Fortunately, it turned out that nobody 

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was killed, because the apartment 
building was largely unoccupied at the 

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time it fell down, and so a sensor 
network could have helped monitor the 

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potential structural fidelity of this 
building. 

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Another example which I think most of you 
are probably familiar with was the recent 

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collapse of the Minnesota Bridge which 
happened, I think, in 2007 where there 

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was a design flaw and resulted in the, in 
the entire bridge collapsing. 

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And actually a friend of mine was very, 
very close to that bridge when it 

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collapsed and it turned out he was, he 
was fine but A, a fair number of people 

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who are hurt or even killed. 
So this is very, very important that we, 

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especially as our infrastructure in the 
United States grows old, we maintain it, 

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we monitor it, and make sure that 
appropriate action is taken. 

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to make repairs before such calamities 
take place. 

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And yes sensor systems could actually be 
very very helpful. 

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So first thing that you can think of 
sensor system would be able to do would 

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be provide real time monitoring. 
So it would potentially transmit data to 

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a fusion center. 
And based on analysis at some fusion 

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center, now this fusion center could 
reside close to these bridges or it could 

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be far away. 
It could be communivated for example 

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through multiple layers of networks 
including the internet. 

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And based on the analysis of the data. 
one could generate appropriate levels of 

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alerts. 
And these levels of alerts could be, hey 

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we need human intervention. 
You know, this particular pillar looks 

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like it's not going to last too long and 
we better reenforce it very, very quickly 

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or it could simply mean. 
That this type of wind dynamics or load 

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dynamics are causing some structural 
harmonics to take place, which may 

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result, for example, far more oscillation 
taking place on the bridges or buildings 

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than the buildings or bridges are capable 
of handeling in the long run. 

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So what you might want to do, you might 
want to put appropriate dampers. 

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So right now, I, I'm aware of certain 
very tall buildings having these very 

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large weights, very large actuators at 
the bottom to try to stabilize this. 

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But if they could be provided with 
realtime feedback, realtime information 

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On the details of how the buildings 
operating. 

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Then these [UNKNOWN] us could be invoked 
in a more proactive way to prevent wear 

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and tear of these buildings. 
So this is a way in which sensor networks 

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could not only prevent calamities but 
could also lend the lifetime of a 

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building. 
While preventing costly repairs from 

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taking place. 
So that's, that's a big advantage of this 

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technology.