The human voice: 人类的声音：
It's the instrument we all play. 是我们所有人都弹奏的乐器。
It's the most powerful sound in the world, probably. 可能是这个世界上最有力的声音。
It's the only one that can start a war or say "I love you." 它绝无仅有，或能引起战争，
And yet many people have the experience 或能说“我爱你”。
that when they speak, people don't listen to them. 然而，很多人有这种经历，
And why is that? 当他们说的时候，人们并不在听。
How can we speak powerfully to make change in the world? 这是为什么呢？
What I'd like to suggest, 我们怎样有力地说
there are a number of habits that we need to move away from. 而让世界发生某种改变？
I've assembled for your pleasure here seven deadly sins of speaking. 我所提议的是，
I'm not pretending this is an exhaustive list, 我们需要改变一些习惯。
but these seven, I think, are pretty large habits that we can all fall into. 在此我为你们收集整理了，
First, gossip. 说话的七宗罪。
Speaking ill of somebody who's not present. 我没打算假装这是一个详细的列表，
Not a nice habit, and we know perfectly well 但这七个，我以为是
the person gossiping, five minutes later, will be gossiping about us. 我们相当容易犯的坏习惯。
Second, judging. 第一就是，流言蜚语，
We know people who are like this in conversation, 在背后说某些人的坏话。
and it's very hard to listen to somebody 这不是一个好习惯，我们都很明白
if you know that you're being judged and found wanting at the same time. 那个说闲话的人在五分钟以后
Third, negativity. 就会在别人跟前说我们的闲话。
You can fall into this. 第二，评判。
My mother, in the last years of her life, became very negative, 我们知道有些人在谈话中是这样的，
and it's hard to listen. 这让人很难听进别人的话，
I remember one day, I said to her, "It's October 1 today," 如果你知道你被人评判
and she said, "I know, isn't it dreadful?" 且被认为不合格。
(Laughter) 第三，消极。
It's hard to listen when somebody's that negative. 你能陷入这个泥潭。
(Laughter) 我的母亲，在她生命的最后几年里，
And another form of negativity, complaining. 变得非常非常消极，很难让人听她说话。
Well, this is the national art of the U.K. 我记得有一天，我对她说，
It's our national sport. “今天是十月一号，”
We complain about the weather, sport, about politics, about everything, 她说，“我知道，这不可怕吗？”
but actually, complaining is viral misery. （笑声）
It's not spreading sunshine and lightness in the world. 当某人那么消极的时候是很难让人听进去的。
Excuses. 另外一种消极，就是抱怨。
We've all met this guy. 这是英国的全国性艺术。
Maybe we've all been this guy. 是我们的全国性运动。我们抱怨天气，
Some people have a blamethrower. 体育和政治，几乎每件事，
They just pass it on to everybody else 但实际上抱怨是病毒性的悲催，
and don't take responsibility for their actions, 它不会在这个世界上传播太阳和光明。
and again, hard to listen to somebody who is being like that. 借口。我们都遇上过这个家伙。
Penultimate, the sixth of the seven, 也许我们都曾经是这个家伙。
embroidery, exaggeration. 有些人有指责癖好。
It demeans our language, actually, sometimes. 他们怪罪任何人
For example, if I see something that really is awesome, 而不是对自己的行为负责任，
what do I call it? 所以，这又是让人难以聆听的一种。
(Laughter) 七件里面的老六，倒数第二，
And then, of course, this exaggeration becomes lying, 浮夸，吹牛。
and we don't want to listen to people we know are lying to us. 它有时贬低了我们的语言，事实上。
And finally, dogmatism. 比如，如果我看见
The confusion of facts with opinions. 什么真的很神奇的事情，
When those two things get conflated, 那我该说什么呢？
you're listening into the wind. （笑声）
You know, somebody is bombarding you with their opinions as if they were true. 当然这种夸大后来就变成了说谎。
It's difficult to listen to that. 彻头彻尾的说谎，我们就不想听
So here they are, seven deadly sins of speaking. 这种我们知道会说谎的人。
These are things I think we need to avoid. 最后是，固执己见，
But is there a positive way to think about this? 把事实和意见混淆。
Yes, there is. 当这两件事混为一谈，
I'd like to suggest that there are four really powerful cornerstones, foundations, 你就像在听风一样。
that we can stand on if we want our speech 你知道，有人用他们自己的意见来强迫你。
to be powerful and to make change in the world. 这很难让我们听讲。
Fortunately, these things spell a word. 这就是说话的七宗罪。
The word is "hail," and it has a great definition as well. 我认为这些是我们需要避免的。
I'm not talking about the stuff that falls from the sky 但有没有比较正面的呢？
and hits you on the head. 的确有。
I'm talking about this definition, 我想建议四种我们可以牢靠站立的
to greet or acclaim enthusiastically, 真正强有力的基石或者基础，
which is how I think our words will be received 如果我们想让我们的言语有力
if we stand on these four things. 并且让世界产生变化。
So what do they stand for? 幸运的是，这些事情连起来是一个单词。
See if you can guess. 这个词就是“hail”，它有着特别好的定义。
The H, honesty, of course, 我不是讲那个天上掉下来的
being true in what you say, being straight and clear. 砸在你头上的东西。
The A is authenticity, just being yourself. 我在谈论的是
A friend of mine described it as standing in your own truth, “热情地致敬或赞扬”这个定义。
which I think is a lovely way to put it. 我认为我们的言辞会如此被接受，
The I is integrity, being your word, 如果我们坚持这四件事。
actually doing what you say, 那么它们到底是什么呢？
and being somebody people can trust. 看看你是否能猜到。
And the L is love. H，代表了诚实（Honesty），当然，
I don't mean romantic love, 说真话，直接了当并且清楚明白。
but I do mean wishing people well, for two reasons. A，代表了真实(Authenticity)，做一个自然而然的自己。
First of all, I think absolute honesty may not be what we want. 我的一个朋友把它描述为
I mean, my goodness, you look ugly this morning. 坚持真实的自己，
Perhaps that's not necessary. 我觉得这是一个优美的表述。
Tempered with love, of course, honesty is a great thing. I，代表了正气(Integrity)，言而有信，
But also, if you're really wishing somebody well, 说到做到，
it's very hard to judge them at the same time. 成为别人能信任的人。
I'm not even sure you can do those two things simultaneously. L，代表爱（Love）。
So hail. 我不是指罗曼蒂克的爱情，
Also, now that's what you say, 而是指对别人有良好的祝愿，这出于两个原因。
and it's like the old song, it is what you say, 第一，我认为绝对的诚实
it's also the way that you say it. 也许不是我们所想要的。
You have an amazing toolbox. 我的意思是，天哪，今天早上你真难看。
This instrument is incredible, 那可能不必要。
and yet this is a toolbox that very few people have ever opened. 诚实是很重要的。当然，适当地带着爱。
I'd like to have a little rummage in there with you now 但还有，当你真的很希望别人好，
and just pull a few tools out 就很难同时评判他们。
that you might like to take away and play with, 我不知道你们是否能
which will increase the power of your speaking. 同时做到这两点。
Register, for example. 那么hail。
Now, falsetto register may not be very useful most of the time, 上面提到的是你所说的内容。
but there's a register in between. 另外，就像老歌里唱的，你所说的很重要，
I'm not going to get very technical about this 还有你的表达方式也很重要。
for any of you who are voice coaches. 你有一个很神奇的工具盒。
You can locate your voice, however. 里面有难以置信的工具，
So if I talk up here in my nose, you can hear the difference. 然而这个工具盒只有不多的人打开过。
If I go down here in my throat, 我愿意跟你们在这里
which is where most of us speak from most of the time. 做一点儿探查，并且找出几种工具。
But if you want weight, 你也许想拿来试一下，
you need to go down here to the chest. 这些将会增加你说话的力量。
You hear the difference? 比如说，音域。
We vote for politicians with lower voices, it's true, 假声大部分时候可能是没用的，
because we associate depth with power 但在两者之间会有一种是有用的。
and with authority. 对于在座的语音教练们，
That's register. 我不会在这个问题上很深入。
Then we have timbre. 然而，你能定位你的声音。
It's the way your voice feels. 如果我把声音提到鼻子这儿，你可以听出不同。
Again, the research shows 如果我把声音降到嗓子这里，
that we prefer voices which are rich, smooth, warm, 这是我们大部分人大多数时候所做的。
like hot chocolate. 但是如果你想有份量，
Well if that's not you, that's not the end of the world, 你需要降到胸腔。
because you can train. 你听出了不同吗？
Go and get a voice coach. 我们给声音低沉的政治家投票，那是真的，
And there are amazing things you can do 因为我们把深沉
with breathing, with posture, and with exercises 和权力、权威联系在一起。
to improve the timbre of your voice. 那是音域。
Then prosody. I love prosody. 然后我们再说音色，
This is the sing-song, the meta-language 那是你的声音让人感觉如何。
that we use in order to impart meaning. 研究显示我们喜欢那种
It's root one for meaning in conversation. 丰厚，平滑，温暖，像热巧克力一样的声音。
People who speak all on one note are really quite hard to listen to 当然如果你没有那样的声音，这也不是世界末日。
if they don't have any prosody at all. 因为你可以训练。
That's where the word "monotonic" comes from, 去找到一个声音教练。
or monotonous, monotone. 你可以做很神奇的事情，
Also, we have repetitive prosody now coming in, 利用呼吸，姿势，还有锻炼
where every sentence ends as if it were a question 来提高你嗓音的音色。
when it's actually not a question, it's a statement? 然后是韵律。我喜欢韵律。
(Laughter) 那是唱歌，是元语言，
And if you repeat that one, 我们用来传送意味。
it's actually restricting your ability to communicate through prosody, 在谈话中是意思的根基。
which I think is a shame, 那种说话一个声调的人
so let's try and break that habit. 很难让人听讲，
Pace. 如果他们没有一点儿韵律。
I can get very excited by saying something really quickly, 那就是单调这个词的来源，
or I can slow right down to emphasize, 或者说枯燥无味，一成不变。
and at the end of that, of course, is our old friend silence. 我们还有重复性的韵律，
There's nothing wrong with a bit of silence in a talk, is there? 每个句子的结尾好像是一个疑问句，
We don't have to fill it with ums and ahs. 但事实上，它不是疑问句，而是陈述句。
It can be very powerful. （笑声）
Of course, pitch often goes along with pace 如果你一遍一遍地重复某个东西，
to indicate arousal, but you can do it just with pitch. 它会限制你
Where did you leave my keys? 用韵律来交流的能力，
(Higher pitch) Where did you leave my keys? 我认为这是一件憾事，
So, slightly different meaning in those two deliveries. 让我们努力打破那个习惯。
And finally, volume. 语速，我可以非常非常兴奋地
(Loud) I can get really excited by using volume. 飞快地说着什么，
Sorry about that, if I startled anybody. 或者我能慢下来强调，
Or, I can have you really pay attention by getting very quiet. 在结尾处，当然是我们的老朋友，
Some people broadcast the whole time. 沉默。
Try not to do that. 在讲话中，有一点儿沉默
That's called sodcasting, 没关系，是吗？
(Laughter) 我们不需要用“嗯” 和“ 啊”来填充。
Imposing your sound on people around you carelessly and inconsiderately. 沉默就很有力。
Not nice. 当然，音调常常跟语速一起
Of course, where this all comes into play most of all 来指示兴奋度，但你能仅仅用音调就显示出来。
is when you've got something really important to do. 你把我的钥匙放在哪儿啦？
It might be standing on a stage like this and giving a talk to people. 你把我的钥匙放在哪儿啦？
It might be proposing marriage, 那么轻微的差别
asking for a raise, a wedding speech. 在这两个表达中。
Whatever it is, if it's really important, 最后，是音量。
you owe it to yourself to look at this toolbox 我能用音量表示极端的兴奋。
and the engine that it's going to work on, 如果我打扰了任何人的话，抱歉。
and no engine works well without being warmed up. 或者，我能用很轻的声音
Warm up your voice. 让你认真地注意。
Actually, let me show you how to do that. 有人全程一直都在说话。
Would you all like to stand up for a moment? 别那样。
I'm going to show you 那叫做“公放音乐”，
the six vocal warm-up exercises that I do before every talk I ever do. 把你的声音不假思索
Any time you're going to talk to anybody important, do these. 和草率地强加给别人。不好。
First, arms up, deep breath in, 当然，这些工具真正发挥作用的地方，
and sigh out, ahhhhh, like that. 是当你有什么很重要的事情要做的时候。
One more time. 这可能是像这样站在演讲台上
Ahhhh, very good. 对着人演讲。
Now we're going to warm up our lips, 它可能是求婚，
and we're going to go Ba, Ba, Ba, Ba, 要求加薪，或者婚礼上的讲话。
Ba, Ba, Ba, Ba. Very good. 不管是什么，如果它非常重要，
And now, brrrrrrrrrr, 你应该看着这个工具盒，
just like when you were a kid. 以及将要工作运行的发动机，
Brrrr. Now your lips should be coming alive. 没有预热的发动机不会好好工作。
We're going to do the tongue next 预热你自己的声音。
with exaggerated la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la. 让我给你演示怎样做。
Beautiful. You're getting really good at this. 你们都愿意站起来一会儿吗？
And then, roll an R. Rrrrrrr. 我会给你演示六个预热声音的锻炼，
That's like champagne for the tongue. 在每次演讲之前我都这么做。
Finally, and if I can only do one, 在跟任何重要的人谈话之前，做以下这些。
the pros call this the siren. 第一，举起双臂，吸气，
It's really good. It starts with "we" and goes to "aw." 然后呼出，啊哈，就像那样。
The "we" is high, the "aw" is low. 再来一次。
So you go, weeeaawww, weeeaawww. 啊哈，很好。
Fantastic. Give yourselves a round of applause. 现在我们要预热我们的嘴唇，
Take a seat, thank you. 做出吧，吧，吧，吧，
(Applause) 吧，吧，吧，吧。很好。
Next time you speak, do those in advance. 现在，brrrrrrr，
Now let me just put this in context to close. 就像你是个孩子。
This is a serious point here. brrrrr。现在你的嘴唇应该活了。
This is where we are now, right? 下一个是舌头，
We speak not very well 夸张的啦，啦，啦，啦……
to people who simply aren't listening 美极了。你们做得很好。
in an environment that's all about noise and bad acoustics. 然后，卷舌一个R，Rrrrrr。
I have talked about that on this stage in different phases. 这就像给舌头的香槟酒。
What would the world be like 最后，如果我只能做一个，
if we were speaking powerfully 专业人士把这叫做警报。
to people who were listening consciously 这个特别好。它开始于“we”然后转为“aw”。
in environments which were actually fit for purpose? “we”是高音，“aw”是低音。
Or to make that a bit larger, 那么就是，“weeeaawww……”
what would the world be like 妙极了。给你自己来鼓个掌。
if we were creating sound consciously 请坐，谢谢你们。（鼓掌）
and consuming sound consciously 下次你演讲之前，提前做到这几项。
and designing all our environments 现在让我在结束之前作个总结。
consciously for sound? 这一点是认真的。
That would be a world that does sound beautiful, 这就是我们的所在，对吗？
and one where understanding would be the norm, 我们说得不好，
and that is an idea worth spreading. 人们也听不进去，
Thank you. 在一个吵闹和喧哗的环境里。
(Applause) 我已经在讲台上