Single quote
Date 09.01.1939
German army attacked Poland
to have quick wins and absolute
Just 20 years ago,
fathers they march like this,
11/1918 January, after four years of World War I
The King Kaiser Wihelm II of Germany was forced to abdicate
army he blocked before rushing attack
British, French and US
But a dangerous ideology has formed
The German chancellor and the soldiers said they did not defeat
politicians suffer domestic cowardly betrayal
However, at 11 am on 11.11.1918
WWI ended
A month later, US President Woodrow Wilson to Europe
promises to create a new world order
= =
He urged leaders to join a new League of Nations
In the Versailles peace treaty, they agreed that from now on,
not settle disputes between countries by war,
but with debate in the League of Nations
European People Europe was liberated
ally of Germany, imperial Austria - Hungary mergers
In addition, several new nations born
Austria, Poland, Hungary,
Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia.
German territory itself significantly narrowed
But this hides a ticking time bomb
Not everyone welcomed the birth of Czechoslovakia
Among them are the large German group
will be at prayer expectations ethnic German unity... will haunt Europe
The war divided Germany
also be a humiliation clinging
they had to pay huge sums of 6.6 billion pounds
Reparations to Britain and France, the amount that they can not afford
When the President returned to the US, the new world order of instant collapse Wilson
Congress decision not risking to get sucked into another war in Europe
They refused to join the League of Nations, and the United States withdrawing into isolationism
Now Germany is a different country
There is the largest European country, but the military monarchy was no longer
Instead, democracy
But its government or the Weimar Republic
soon faced with a series of large waves
street Rioting between different factions
to try to initiate a revolution
Then in 1923, the country was crippled by hyperinflation play
Hundreds cent per month
Savings lost people clean
This is fertile ground for right-wing politicians to incite the masses
Of they have Adolf Hitler
Hitler was born in Austria, who fought in WWI valor,
and was awarded the Iron Cross
Upon returning to Germany, Hitler settled in Munich ,
hero and eloquence helped him control
A small Social Nationalist Party, also known as the Nazi
May 10/1923, Hitler and the party members
armed coup against the government Wimar
The Hitler's failed coup and sentenced to 9 months in prison
In prison, Hitler wrote the book "My struggle"
He said Germany's weakness was Jewish,
And required to restore strength, seek new territory in the East
Released from prison, Hitler began to build the Nazi party into a political party perfect, disciplined
From there, he used the democratic system to achieve power
But in the next five years, growing government Weimar
The support for the extreme right and extreme left faction descending
Suddenly, Hitler's chances appear
May 10/1929 US stock market crash
Billions of dollars evaporated, the recession sweeping across the world
= = Number of people unemployed in Germany increased to over 6 million
Only diehard politicians come up with solutions
They are people like Hitler
to 1931, the Nazi party was really great organization
They have separate forces brown coat
Storm Division troops SA with nearly 3 million people
In the election of 1923, the largest party Nazi German parliament,
Reichtag
But Hitler refused coalition led parliament paralyzed Germany
To clear the impasse, President Hindenburg to him as prime minister
In May 1/1933 Hitler heads of state
In 1 month, parliament burned down
Hitler accused the Communists and claim special rights
He relies on it to ban political parties
May 8/1934, President Hindenburg died
Hitler himself declared total System and become supreme head of Germany
early 20th century Japan was powerful military country
Win Russia in the war in 1905 and fought the Allies in World War I I
Post-War, Japan was the world power
Japan joined the League of Nations
But politically, the country is in a mess opposition
nominally democratic, institutional feudalism still very strong
country facing major economic problems,
still booming population
natural resources are not sufficient for the growing industry
These leaders need solutions,
and they found them in Manchuria
Manchuria more fertile grain fields
rich coal and mineral
It is the goal perfect and Japanese troops stationed there
Other objectives in the hands of European powers
Burma, Malaysia and Hong Kong by the British,
French colonial Indochina and East India Dutch
But here, the Japanese must be careful
They do not want to provoke other powers in the Pacific
America
With slogans against imperialism
USA thing informal empire controls in Pacific
Philippines, Guam and some islands are US commander
Clearly America capable occupied Japan,
but after World War I they had the game Other recreation
This is the era of American Jazz
Decade 20,
America focused on exploiting its vast resources
It's economic boom has no end
Profit collected from industrial and stock markets
The United States lost in the endless fun
With this pastime,
growing pains of the Japanese in the Pacific seems far
United States has cut military after World War I
and sign treaties with the British navy Narrow, France and Japan
Consequently naval power in the Pacific
fell to Japan
Then came the Great Depression
When economic disaster spread,
1/4 of the population lost their jobs
Tens of thousands of people homeless in slums
While earlier US flooded in joy, now they are just suffering. Japan was time to act
1931, without notice to the government
,
Manchuria the Japanese hit, accounting for capital Mukden,
then occupied the entire territory
= = National nominal national Manchuria
as a figurehead monarch reigned
Puyi, the last emperor of China, who uncrowned 1911 was erected
In Geneva headquarters
League of Nations to face the biggest challenge
Japan equipment strongly criticized,
but their response was brusque
Japan found unacceptable
conference report given by
Then Japanese delegation walked out
The League of Nations recognized can not do for Manchuria
Japanese who considered leaving but they do not mind
Japanese leaders continue to invade China
This is extremely easy, China was thrown into chaos
government of Chiang Kai-shek
were held off the war against the Communists
led by Mao Zedong, internal War broke out
In 1936, the precursor to the invasion
Japan signed a treaty with Hitler
order to prevent any Soviet attack to occupy China
Later in the month 7/1937 , Japan created a fight the Chinese army and invaded always
Originally, China was suddenly
But they immediately fought back violently
Communist Party and Nationalist merge into one party fronts
Japan responded with the landing ground and underwater
In late 1937, they have accounted for most of northern China and the seacoast
In the United States, Roosevelt wanted to take advantage of the wind Japanese naval radiate
clear that actions and undertakings of countries
across the northern hemisphere extensive influence to us
But the British did not bother about it can initiate a fight
Roosevelt therefore can only give shek borrowed $ 25 million purchase of weapons
Although the Communists now Is fighting the KMT
Soviet Union not support a lot,
they just joined the fighting along the border with Manchuria
Central yourself But what's not,
Instead they have to fight alone
1938 Japan occupied Guangzhou,
Army's push deep to the west country
A statement by the League, all promising to prevent international aggression
have become meaningless. Western countries
going to face in home invasion
Today, very easy to make fun dictator Benito Mussolini's fascist Italy
All this gesture may seem silly now
but it was not so in 1922
Back then Italian Appearance brink of chaos
country divided by the strike and occupy land
republican government as well as in Germany
seems impotent before unrest, so Benito Mussolini
A veteran journalist cum political decision up
He founded the right-wing nationalist party, a fascist party
With the country paralyzed by the general strike May 8/1922
Mussolini fin wing marching orders in Rome
Fearing had a civil war, the Italian king, Victor Emmanuel,
suggested he form a government
Mussolini immediately remove every party opposition
and dictatorship in power
To 1929, his position looks solid
Parliament be appointed instead of elected
sure all power belongs to the Fascist Council
Like Hitler, onions Mussolini was making initial support
The big public works to bring jobs
and transform the infrastructure of Italy
corruption was uprooted, maphia partly removed
Italian armed forces to be strengthened include advanced modern air force
in the Mediterranean, Mussolini had a strong naval
stronger Mediterranean fleets of England and France
When the Great Recession coming, Italy seems to better cope
Mussolini became the inspiration worldwide
Politicians, including Adolf Hitler in Nazi Germany saw system Typical model
Powerful and purposeful opposition to the weakness
of democracy Britain and France
But Mussolini is not just like a cheerleader
He wanted to re-establish the Roman Empire and was thinking of a target
imperialist invasion first
The first goal is Abyssina, Ethiopia today
Italy had colonies in its border
is Eritrean and Somali
Month Italian army military duel 12/1934 Abyssina
Ogaden region an oasis
located in the territory Abyssina
Mussolini brought to Eritrea and Somalia relief
request compensation for damages Abyssina
Abyssina King, Haile Selassie grievances personally help support of the League of Nations
He urged implementation of the ideal, a small country
with other member states threatens
This is the ultimate challenge
But Society do nothing, the British foreign secretary Anthony Eden
Least also arrange a peace treaty but Mussolini does not accept
Early September 10/1935, the Italian army invaded Eritrea and Somalia
Military Abyssina difficult to prevent modern armies
= = equipped with tanks and artillery
Air Force Italy complete control sky
and devastated Abyssina
occasional poison gas bomb
whether toxic vapors forbidden
in the Treaty Versailles as a crime against humanity
After 6 months, Abyssina fully occupied
Haile Selassie king in exile in England
From headquarters in Switzerland, Parliament agitation
them to take action economic sanctions but not significantly impact
of Mussolini Aggression shows two things: peace hopes were in vain Society
Both two major powers of Europe,
= = the French and British democracies no longer willing combatants
Both the UK and France were devastated by World War I,
their economy has not recovered
They are witnessing wave of strikes and riots
They ventricular rate high from now before the Great Depression
They also face the cost control soaring Empire
occupied by the former colony of Germany
Middle East territory once belonged empire Ottoman Turkey
Above all, they are shaken
before the horrific casualties of WWI
Descendants of England leader Lloyd George, Ramsay MacDonald
and above all Stanley Baldwin
England wanted to stay away from the conflict in the future
Despite heavy casualties in western fronts
He ended WWI large and efficient army
It immediately became force right amount of professionalism
With the task of protecting its vast empire
When the Great Depression came, every idea army modernization are disclaimed
That means England will focus on economic rather than military
France lost in World War I should be worse than the English
German misgivings Still, large regular army remained
But in the 20s, France's birth rate decline
Signalling manpower shortage in the last half decade, 30
French found the Germans can not be compared with its own troops
The solution is to apply the spirit of comprehensive defense
Maginot Line, a series of fortifications were erected in 1930 along the border with Germany
prolonged until the Belgian border
And the connection with the Belgian erected
new military measures of France shows that France can only perform defensive war
This country can not afford to open up attack on Italy
even if British troops supporting
Both countries know their navy in the Mediterranean
inferior fleet Mussolini
So when Italy occupied Abyssina, also understandable when the two countries were watched
It is too far away, too big
and the problems of others
Now they have to deal with the shock of the Great Depression
it seems more urgent
On all, they are faced with a military threat to take home
A resurgent Germany and rearmament.
The strength of the German and the Italian quickly shown
while supporting one another dictator
In Spain
Spain had a civil war in 1936
extremely devastating war, where both nations confront each
confront Communist fascist followers map against atheists
1931 leftist government in power
decided to abandon the monarchy in Spain
King forced into exile and a republic advent
May 2/1936, left-wing parties linked in popular Front
to take power from the right-wing in elections
popular Front won narrowly
Although chapter Its reform is modest
wave of strikes and occupy the land that the right-wing fear
the Communists will predominate
In Spanish army, exist a fortress thinking conservative and covers
Senior officers began considering the coup
Among them were Gen. Francisco Franco, former general counsel had been discovered up
go commanders Spain Nest Island
Date 17.07.1936
against guerrilla units in the colony of Spain
uprising in Morocco
The next day, Franco flew to visit Date with them
declared a new war against the communists
The military posts in the mainland also joined the revolt
Front affordable calling volunteers protect the republic
War Front has been determined,
first face Franco many problems, his army in North Africa
He must pass the Strait of Gibraltar
Spain return, he appealed to one who can help her
Adolf Hitler
In one month,
Transport aircraft of Hitler began to take off
included veterans of Franco expert on Southern Spain
At this stage, the republic still seems dominant chiemn
= = Army insurgency in supporting Franco in Madrid and Barcelona
quickly crushed and republicans controlled most of
the country east
nationalist faction cornered
section great northwest and southern part
But things change when Hitler and Mussolini
started
troops and weapons in
Republicans desperate for help British, French and Soviet
But London and Paris feared war sparked Europe
They stated policy of not interfering
Both Germany and Italy will accept this
But when they put military casualties nationalist faction
Joseph Stalin, the Soviet leader, vowed to help republicans
Stalin feared the rise of fascism in Germany
Hitler insisted communism was the biggest opponent of the Nazi
Stalin seen in the Spanish conflict would make Germany and Italy busy
should handsfree strengthen the military power of the Soviet
700 military advisers were sent to
With tanks and warplanes, but also significantly by
the support that Franco received
biggest support for republican not come from domestic
= = that from the volunteers, the international brigade
About 30,000 American, British, French and German leftists
fought in Spain
With the new support from the fascist, nationalist faction can open
2 fronts, one from the north towards Barcelona
other Mui forward by Franco commander from the southern Madrid
By the end of 1936, Madrid is surrounded on 3 sides
and real that was under siege
As long war, the war Madrid's determination represents leftist
not to fascist totalitarianism crush
But behind that, copper republican identity to disintegrate
Phe communism and socialism wants to focus on military victory
But anarchist faction and the labor movement
regarded war as an opportunity for the great revolution of Workers
These disagreements erupted publicly in May 5/1937
conflict between anarchist faction and the Communists,
and this is fatal weakness of the republicans
late 1938,
Nationalist faction opponents legs pliers
in a secluded area around Barcelona
and strip extends to the east from Madrid to coast
Madrid continue to hold out but the international brigades International withdrew
more and more countries recognize Franco's government
when he carried out the attack in Madrid last
3/1939 Last month, after nearly 3 years of war
players The last capital was occupied
A month later, Franco officially declared an end to the fighting
On the international front
victory of Franco before republicans was a disaster
Hitler and Mussolini convinced that
Democrats in Britain and France could not
resist any pressure
When starting as prime minister Germany on 30.01.1933. Hitler began to implement its long-term ambition
On 3/2, he told the high command
His biggest goal was occupied eastern territories
and Germany turned down on this area
They were ordered to prepare a large expansion
Although Germany has banned the tank, treaty Underground with the Soviet Union in 1923
lets developers design and test tanks tank mobile armored
The young German officer Heinz Guderian dynamic
Reading of the theory theorist Basil Liddell Hart England as
and Colonel John Fullr
They also see the British maneuvers in the 20s at Salisbury Plain
From here they take the idea of the speedy unit
combined with tank
artillery and infantry
can move fast and deep in enemy territory
Hitler excitedly apply ideas Their
A new army including 3 armored infantry
Similarly new Luftwaffe air force pilots by former WWI
Hermann Goring commanded a framework for development
In the Air Force banned
Germany maintain design skills thanks Civil manufacturing machinery
gliding clubs, flying
provide prospective pilots
Hitler Luftwaffe in April revealed 3/1935
Then he declared Army will be increased to 300,000 people
and started
Forced conscription
By this time, Hitler has not yet been successful, he regained
what is his: Rhineland and Saarland
but now he thought about the larger goal
His homeland, Austria
1934, the Nazis tried to seize power Austria
and merge with Germany
The Austrians speak German though not a part of Germany
Month 2/1938, a plot again
Nazi's were uncovered
Kurt von Schuschnigg Prime Austria opposed Hitler
Hitler responded with requests to stop opposing Voltage Nazi Austria
and merge with Germany
Scuschnigg calling for referendum to decide Austrian
Should maintain
independence
dated 12.03.1938, the night of the referendum
Hitler feared outcome unexpected
should have sent troops into
Thanks to the unexpected and Nazi supporters greeted
this is a bloodless invasion
In a few hours, Hitler declared Austria merged into
into the third Reich, first
a sovereign country was entering a more powerful Germany
Again democratic West does not react
summer of 1938, he turned to the next prey,
Czechoslovakia, a large group of Germans living in the northwestern country
called Sudetenland
Sudeten Germans who are residents of the old Austrian Empire
they were Detached when Czechoslovakia was born in 1919
This is a ticking time bomb about to explode
when signing the Treaty of Versailles
Hitler agitated at Sudeten Germans autonomy
Then Czechoslovakia threatened government by force if refused
Do not fear, Czechoslovakia ordered general mobilization
and prepare Resistance
Czechoslovakia huge army and equipped good with the fortifications at the border with Germany
Hitler withdrew
But early in September, lo war happens
British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain decision
house Peacebuilding
He flew to meet Hitler 2 times
Nazi dictator confirmed, if there is Sudetenland
he will not occupy more land in Europe
In Munich Date 09.29.1938
= = with Mussolini to mediate France and Britain signed a treaty
Sudetnland assigned to Germany in exchange for official declaration
Hitler
would not have the ambition to invade more
Chamverlain return England with a piece of paper
Which he called "paper guarantees of peace"
Hence 1/10 Germans to occupy the Sudetenland and the
frontier with Czechoslovakia
Now Hitler began started eyeing the next target, Poland
again, cause the German group was left
by the Treaty of Versailles
Hitler was asked to return to the German port of Danzig
east Prussia to connect with German territory
Poland refused and Hitler hesitated, he was not ready too,
for a full-scale war and he has not yet finished with Czechoslovakia
3/1939 In April, eastern part of the country, Slovakia differ Czech territory ethnically
thanks to Hitler helps to have greater autonomy
Hitler invited Emil Hacha Czechoslovak prime minister to Berlin
And forced him to put the country under the protection of Germany
Germans easily carried the entire Czechoslovakia
Most merger country and Germany
Slovakia declared protected
first time Hitler captured the German speaking territories
Again, reaction
of England and France are very weak
In late March, he reiterated the request of Poland abandoned Danzig
This time, France and Britain clearly asserted
would declare war if he attacked Poland
But now Hitler did not care about that anymore
He sure they are the Prime weak and hesitant
In Russia, Stalin increasingly concerned
before Hitler's aggression
April, Stalin proposed alliance with Britain and France
but the conversation negotiations made little progress, ultimately Stalin hopeless
He said would be another solution to the threat from Germany
Date 23/8 Soviet and Nazi
two countries once considered each other enemies
declare a convention
non-war, treaty implied that Poland will be divided equally
and Stalin takes over Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania
Exit risk from Russia, Hitler ordered troops prepared
an immediate invasion
At 31/8, prepared German forces attacked
Merkel has decided to pull the whole world and war