我是James Wong 科学家兼园艺家 I'm James Wong.I'm a scientist and a gardener.
我希望能扭转人们的植物观 And I want to make people think differently about plants.
植物经常被认为是装饰物 Plants are too often thought about as something just ornamental,
只能用来扮靓窗槛花箱 Something to brighten up a window box
或当咖啡桌上好看的摆设 or look good on your coffee table.
仅这样认为 你就错过了好东西 But to see them as that is really to miss the point.
本系列中 In this series,
我将指导大家装盆 修剪 I'm going to show you how to pot, prune
以及挑选最优质的植物 and pick out the best plants
来制成简单而有创意的药方 to transform into simple but imaginative treatments.
很多传统药物来源于 The chemicals plants contain make up the basis of
构成植物的化合物 many of the conventional medicines
你可以直接选购成药 that you can pick up over the counter.
好消息是 你自己在家 And the great news is you can make
就可以制作属于自己的私房药 your own versions of lots of those at home,
并且把它做成 turning them into great treatments
治疗各种日常小病的特效药 for all sorts of everyday minor complaints
甚至是一些让你不再"羞于见人"的美容品 and even some unashamedly indulgent beauty treatments.
本字幕由 YYeTs人人影视 原创翻译制作 仅供学习 禁止用于任何商业盈利行为 更多字幕更新 请登陆 www.YYeTs.net
■
翻译：欧阳 mttsai 明娴 校对：ww艾 时间轴：mopcif 后期：yyp 总监：Joanna 鱼骨头
■
BBC 私房药 第二季第五集 灌木与树木
植物中含有许多有效成分 Plants contain powerful properties
早在几十年前就已经用于制药了 that have been harnessed by the pharmaceutical industry for decades.
很多重要药物的成分都来自于大自然中 We owe the discoveries of some our most important medicines
给人印象最深的植物 树木和灌木 to nature's most impressive plants - trees and shrubs.
树木对于制作天然药物至关重要 Trees are incredibly important to natural medicine.
实际上 地球上超过百分之六十五的 In fact, they make up up to 65%
药用植物都是由树木构成的 of all the medicinal plant species on Earth.
比如树叶 树根 花 都是常见的部分 They've got leaves, roots, flowers, all the traditional stuff,
却能给人们带来附加益处 but they've got added benefits.
还有树皮 树干 树脂 They've got bark, they've got wood and they've got resin.
这些额外的部分都有很高的潜在药用价值 And with those extra parts comes more potential for medicinal use.
在公园 林地 城镇中 Our parks, woodlands and towns
四处可见能够入药的参天大树 are crammed full of majestic, medicinal trees.
不过你没必要砍倒这些上了年纪的古树 But you don't have to hack down ancient specimens
拿去制药 to get at their properties.
在小花园里同样可以找到大把的制药材料 There are plenty of options for even the smallest gardens.
你可以把药用树木 You can pot medicinal trees into tiny borders,
甚至灌木 种在花坛里 and even shrubs in pots
待会儿我就来交教你要怎么做 and I'm going to show you how to do that.
确实 很多植物还没有进行临床测试 It's true that many plants haven't been clinically tested,
不过我们很清楚它们所蕴含的化学成分 but we do know a lot about the chemicals they contain
以及其使用效果 and the effects they can have on the body.
很多迹象都表明它们疗效显著 And for some of these the evidence they work is very strong.
影响疗效的因素有很多 There are loads of factors that influence whether a remedy works or not
在你种植之前 要弄清楚栽种的是什么 before you start growing you need to know what you're picking,
怎样使用 是否过敏等问题 how to use it and whether you're allergic.
一旦你搞清楚了这些问题 就开始做吧 Once you've got that, get on out there and do it.
本期节目中 In this programme,
我将会教大家几个治疗小毛病的药方 I'm going to tackle minor everyday complaints,
将金缕梅制成舒缓膏来治疗剃须皮疹 turning witch hazel into a soothing gel for shaving rash.
太好闻了 That smells amazing.
制作能够让你呼吸通畅的桉树膏 Trying to help you breath more easily with a eucalyptus rub...
用金丝桃草来做抗菌软膏 Using St John's wort in an antiseptic ointment.
把柳树皮制成可食用药物 And transforming willow bark into an edible treat
来缓解疼痛 to help relieve pain.
太给力了 It's powerful stuff.
志愿者们将会对其逐一尝试 Members of the public will be trying them out.
好大味道 That's strong.
当然 这些并不是临床试验 Of course, these aren't clinical trials,
不过希望我的疗方能够帮助他们缓解症状 but I hope my remedies will go some way to easing their symptoms.
效果神奇 味道也不错 It works really well and smells really nice.
瘙痒感和刺激感完全消失了 The itching and irritating has stopped completely.
鼻窦炎很常见 而且使人痛苦不堪 Sinusitis is a really common but often painful condition
通常是由鼻塞和鼻窦感染引起的 caused by blocked and infected sinuses.
我打算帮助三位长期饱受鼻窦炎折磨的病人 I want to help three people who regularly suffer from symptoms,
使他们远离鼻塞 which leave them feeling bunged up
和对卫生纸的频繁使用 and regularly reaching for the tissues.
我的眼睛下部 You get a pain under the eye.
Brian
还有鼻梁周围都疼痛不已 You get a pain across the bridge of the nose.
每天醒来睁开眼睛第一件事 You wake up and the first thing you do
Zoe
就是打喷嚏 when you open your eyes is sneeze.
这下可好 我的床都被鼻涕覆盖了 Great. Now my bed's covered in mucus.
鼻窦炎给我带来的最大困扰就是 The worst thing about sinusitis
Naeem
晚上睡不好觉 is not enough rest in the evenings
以至于第二天没精神 and then it affects you next day.
我的声音听起来总是鼻音很重 I always sound like I have a blocked nose.
我甚至都记不得自己正常的声音了 I don't really know what my sound like any more.
如果能有个好办法 If I could get a good remedy
能消除炎症 保持鼻子通畅 that would clear it and keep it clear,
那我会非常高兴 I would be really happy.
应该说是狂喜 Ecstatic, in fact.
奇丁福尔德森林 萨里
我希望用一种树木作为原料来帮助他们 I'm hoping to help these guys using a tree
这是一种你意想不到 that you certainly wouldn't expect
但在英国到处可见的树木 to find growing so prolifically in the UK.
这种树木在其原产地澳大利亚的灌木丛中更为常见 It's more at home in the Australian bush,
所以在萨里的森林深处找到这种树木 so it's incredible to discover this plantation
可真是不可思议 in deepest, darkest...Surrey!
漂亮的桉树 The stunning eucalyptus tree.
这正是我要找的 桉树叶 These are what I'm looking for, eucalyptus leaves.
穿行于森林中 Walking around the forest,
你可以闻到叶子中散发出的精油味道 you can really smell the essential oil that's inside them.
闻起来很清新 有点像薄荷味 And it really smells fresh and mint-like.
桉树是生长最快的树木之一 Eucalyptus is one of the fastest growing trees
你可以把它栽种在世界上任何地方 you can plant anywhere in the world, really.
实际上 这些桉树仅仅生长了十年而已 In fact, these guys are probably only about ten years old.
相比之下 一棵英国橡树 Now, to compare that to an English oak, for example,
想要长到同样的高度需要大约一百年 you're looking at about a century to get to the same height.
它的药用价值最先被当地原住民发现 Its medicinal use was first discovered by the aborigines
一直沿用至今 and it's still used today.
许多不同的配方里都有桉树成分 It's found in dozens of different preparations.
从涂抹的药膏到吸入剂再到止咳糖浆 Everything from chest rubs, to inhalants, to cough sweets.
很多种桉树都可以用来制药 There's lots of eucalyptus you can use.
你唯一需要查看的就是 The only thing you need to check for
其中是否含有桉油精 is the presence of eucalyptol.
这是一种有治疗效果的化学成分 The chemical with the medicinal benefit.
同样它也使桉树散发其特有味道 It's the chemical that gives it its smell,
所以你只需要尽可能地挑选 so all you need to do is find a leaf
气味浓重的叶子 that smells as strong as possible.
如果你有鼻塞症状 If you're all bunged up,
吸入桉树的精油也许会有效果 then inhaling eucalyptus essential oil could help.
这是利用桉树的特性 This is going to be the best way
来治疗鼻塞的最简便方法 to harness the powers of eucalyptus.
你完全可以自己动手缓解症状 You can really decongest yourself,
只需要一些开水和桉树叶 just some boiling water and a couple of leaves
再深呼吸几下就可以了 and a few really good breaths.
而且对疏通毛孔效果也很显著 And really great for clearing out your pores, too, actually.
不过我有一种更简单便携的方法 But I've got a simple and really portable way
可以达到同样的疗效 of doing the same thing.
我要把桉树叶做成缓解症状的药膏 I'm going to turn the eucalyptus into a decongestant chest rub.
将这些叶子切碎 Just chop up a couple of dozen leaves
以便释放更多的桉精油 to help release the essential oil.
切碎它们的时候 They make this wonderfully satisfying crunch
会发出很清脆的响声 as you slice through them.
如果你边切边闻 And if you combine that with the smell,
那就相当于已经开始治疗了 it's like the therapy has started already.
加入十克剁碎的生姜 Add ten grams of chopped ginger
和几拧黑胡椒 and a couple of twists of black pepper.
这两种都是中医里著名的解充血药 Both are popular decongestants in traditional Chinese medicine.
最后一种材料 The final ingredient,
也是最不易处理的材料 and a real great excuse to get really messy.
你需要加两百克凡士林油 You need to add about 200 grams of petroleum jelly.
也可以用其他油脂代替 You can use any other kind of oil you want,
不过选择是凡士林油的好处是 but the brilliant thing about petroleum jelly
它在室温下是固态的 is it's solid at room temperature
做药膏再适合不过 so it's fantastic to use as a rub.
盖上盖子 防止气态精油挥发掉 Leave the lid on so none of the volatile oils can escape,
在盛满沸水的锅中煨一个小时 letting it simmer away for an hour over a pan of boiling water
直到叶子中的精华全部浸入到液态油中 until the goodness from the leaves has gone into the oil.
你能感觉到它已经起作用了 You can actually feel it working.
最后汁液变成了漂亮的鲜绿色 It's gone a beautiful emerald green
你只需要在叶子上方挤压 and all you need to do is squish the top of these leaves
尽量把汁液挤出来 to get the most out of them.
冷却后 加入一点更有效的减充血成分 Once cooled, pop in one more decongestant ingredient
即二十滴薄荷精油 20 drops of peppermint essential oil.
薄荷脑的气味 混合桉油精的味道 That scent of menthol, combined with eucalyptus oil
就形成了药膏所散发出来的最终味道 is that classic vapour rub scent.
然后静置几分钟 And just leave it to set for a few minutes.
你只需要取一点药膏 All you need to do is put a little bit of this
在睡前涂在胸前或者太阳穴上 on your chest or your temples when you're going to bed,
就能够帮你疏通阻塞的鼻腔 help you clear out bunged up nasal passages
让你晚上睡个好觉 and really get you a great night's sleep.
这种药膏的保质期为一年 The rub will keep for up to a year.
和其他疗方一样 Like all my remedies,
先取少量涂在一小片皮肤上 try a small amount on a patch of skin
测试是否过敏 to check for allergies.
如果二十四小时后没有任何过敏反应 If there's no irritation after 24 hours,
你就可以放心使用了 you're good to go.
鼻窦炎患者Zoe Naeem和Brian Sinusitis sufferers Zoe, Naeem and Brian
同时使用了吸入疗法和药膏疗法 used both the inhalation and the rub.
那么他们对我以树木为原料的疗方评价如何呢 So,what did they make of my tree-based remedies?
我听说过桉树 I've heard of eucalyptus.
我一直以为那是树袋熊的最爱 I always thought it was what koala bears enjoyed most.
我的第一印象是"灌木怎么能当药" First impressions, "Ah, shrubbery."
我吸入了大量的煮叶子蒸汽 I'm inhaling quite a large collection of foliage.
药膏可以一周七天每天使用一次 The rub can be used once a day for seven days.
两种方法同时使用一周后 So after a week of trying both methods before bed,
是否有效呢 did they have an effect?
我的鼻腔不疼了 I've not had any sinus pain.
现在感觉很好 At the moment it feels fine.
我终于可以呼吸通畅了 I can actually...breathe.
这是疗方的功效 Whether this is the remedy
还是天气变好的原因 or the fact that we have been getting better weather,
就让时间去证明吧 only time will tell.
我能够容易入睡了 I am sleeping a lot easier,
白天也不像从前那样疲倦 and so in the daytime I'm not as tired.
打喷嚏的次数减少很多 It's reduced the sneezing completely.
用药之后仅仅打过很少的几次 I've only sneezed just a little bit,
这真是个意外的惊喜 which is an absolute godsend.
而且我不用经常起床去揩鼻涕或是打喷嚏 And I'm not waking up all the time to blow my nose, to sneeze,
所以整晚都睡的很安稳 so a full night's sleep.
太棒了 Perfect.
这个疗方可以帮助他们减轻症状真是太好了 It's great news that this remedy has brought these guys some relief.
不过 自然疗方并不是对所有人都有效 But, of course, not all natural remedies work for everyone.
不过 如果你需要疏通鼻腔 If you need a decongestant, though,
我建议你可以试试这个疗方 I hope you'll give this a go.
接下来 我要寻找一种天然的止痛植物 Next, I'm on the hunt for a natural form of pain relief,
一种生长在河流小溪岸边的常见树木 a tree that's often found growing by rivers and streams.
那就是白柳树 The white willow.
看看这棵树 Look at this stuff.
你没必要千里迢迢跑到亚马逊丛林 You don't have to voyage down the Amazon
去收集各种珍贵的药材 to make a truly spectacular pharmaceutical discovery.
这些干瘪的柳树皮是世界上 This dried-up willow bark here is the key to the world's most
最常见药物的主要成分 popular pharmaceutical drug,
也是最畅销止痛药阿司匹林的主要成分 and also one of the top selling pain medications - Aspirin.
现在 全世界有三百多种 Now, there are over 300 different types of willow
不同的柳树 all around the world.
可以入药的则是白柳 And the one that's really used is salix alba,
"阿尔巴"意味白色 alba meaning white.
这样命名是因为这种树叶子表面 And it's because the leaves have this incredible
有一层白色的霜状物 像银色绒毛一样 white downy sheen to them, almost like silver fuzz.
事实上阿司匹林并非以柳树皮为原料 Aspirin isn't actually found in willow bark,
但是它们的化学元素非常非常的相近 but it's a chemical that's very, very similar to chemicals that are.
因此它们也具有相似的功效 And they're used in similar ways.
基本上 So, basically,
服用阿司匹林能够缓解的疼痛 whatever kind of pain relief you take Aspirin for,
使用柳树皮也能达到相同的效果 you can use willow bark for.
直接从野生柳树上剥树皮 Stripping bark from trees in the wild
可能会对它们造成伤害 could do them damage,
所以如果你自家的花园里没有白柳树 so if you haven't got a white willow in your garden
你可以买晒好的干树皮 you can buy it dried.
柳树皮
柳树皮内含有酚苷 Willow bark contains phenolic glycosides.
酚苷
它们的功效与阿司匹林极为类似 These work in a similar way to Aspirin,
抑制造成发炎的酶活性 blocking enzymes that play a part in inflammation
抑制酶活性
以及帮助缓解疼痛 and helping relieve pain.
缓解疼痛
接下来我要用柳树皮缓解疼痛的特性 I'm going to transform willow bark's pain-relieving properties
将其转化成美味的甜点 into a delicious frozen dessert.
虽然 人们对于这种主要原料的第一印象 Although first impressions of the main ingredient
和美味不沾边 might not be too positive.
这种传统的草药看起来怎么样 How's this for a herbal medicine cliche?
看起来就是一堆干瘪带尘的树皮 Dry, dusty bits of bark.
真让人胃口大开[讽刺] 但我向你们保证 How appetising! I promise you though,
我会把它转变成为一道既精致 I'm going to turn this into a really sophisticated
格兰尼塔刨冰: 一种意大利的粗制冰糕
又现代的格兰尼塔刨冰来帮你缓解疼痛 modern granita that could help free you from pain.
好吧 名字听起来很厉害 OK. It sounds a bit flash,
但其实格兰尼塔就是刨冰的时尚说法 but a granita's basically just a slush-puppy for posh people.
四十克的干柳树皮 40 grams of dried willow bark
能做出约八次剂量的止痛药 should give you eight doses of pain relief.
它不仅与阿司匹林有相似的功效 Not only does it work in a similar way to Aspirin,
事实上 它的药效维持时间更久 but it actually works for longer.
而且它比较不刺激胃 And it seems to be gentler on the stomach.
这道甜点的基础是柳树茶 Your base is a willow bark tea,
用两公升的沸水来煮这些破旧的老木屑 so boil up the musty old chippings in two litres of water.
有一些坚硬的材料 If you've got hard matter
像是树枝 树根 以及树皮 like you get in trees, wood roots or bark,
要提炼出它们的化学成分并不容易 it's quite difficult to get the chemicals out
因为它们更加固体化 just because they're a little bit more solid.
需要在沸水中煮的时间久一点 You have to boil them up a little bit more
然后就可以得出其中精华 即汤剂 and you come up with a fancy word, decoction.
其实就是热水煮过的茶 It's basically a boiled tea.
十分钟过后 柳树中蕴含的化学成分 After ten minutes, the chemicals from the willow
应会浸入水中 should have been infused into the water,
然后滤除老树皮扔掉 so get rid of your dusty bark.
接着 不盖锅盖煨三十分钟 And simmer uncovered for about 30 minutes
直到水量剩下约六百毫升为止 until you're left with just 600 millilitres.
这么苦涩的味道 It's so astringent
能把口中的水分全吸干了 it just sucks all the water right out of your mouth.
这点不太好 这很不好 Oh, it's not good. It's not good.
但是就算再苦的味道 But there's very little bad flavour that
只要加入大量的糖就可以去除 a huge amount of sugar can't cure.
三百克的糖应该就够了 300 grams should do the trick.
为了要掩盖那苦涩的味道 And to help mask that rather acquired taste
我加入三个青柠的汁与皮 I'm chucking in the juice and zest of three limes.
青柠里的柠檬酸会使这汤剂 The citric acid in the limes will turn this
从鲜艳偏红的咖啡色 from a rich, reddy brown colour
转变成琥珀金色 to an amber golden colour.
而且苦中带甜 甜中带酸 To the bitter, the sweet, and the sour...
我最后还要加入一种香料 I'm going to add one more fragrant ingredient -
即令人陶醉其中的橘子花水 some incredibly intoxicating orange blossom water.
这种材料可以在在超市的烘焙区买到 You can pick this up in the baking section of your supermarket.
加入两汤匙后 将其静置冷却 Just add two tablespoons and leave it to cool.
你只需把它倒进容器里 All you've got to do is pour it into a container
然后放进冰箱 and pop it into the freezer.
每次使用剂量是为一百毫升 A 100 millilitre portion will give you one dose
一天可以享用三次 which you can enjoy up to three times a day.
由于柳树皮与阿司匹林功效相近 Because willow bark is so similar to Aspirin,
如果你处于怀孕期间 you shouldn't take it
哺乳期间 或是对柳树皮过敏则不宜使用 if you're pregnant, breast feeding or you're allergic to it.
它看起来十足美味 这代表我们已经成功了一半 It looks appetising, so that's half the battle won.
但我成功地把苦涩的树皮转化为 But have I managed to transform this bitter bark
味道跟外表看起来一样好的疗方了吗 into a remedy that tastes as good as it looks?
那种苦涩的口感 That really astringent, bitter taste
已经完全被甜味以及柠檬味掩盖掉了 has been completely smothered with sweetness and citrus tang.
有点类似熏制的塞尔维亚橘子果酱 It's kind of like smoky Seville orange marmalade.
而且它还能最大限度地缓解疼痛 And it can help relieve pain to boot.
当你身染风寒时 有什么比这还好的方法呢 What better treat when you're feeling under the weather?
如同阿司匹林 柳树皮不适合气喘病 Like Aspirin, willow bark isn't suitable if you're asthmatic
或是胃溃疡患者 or suffering from an ulcer,
以及十六岁以下的小孩 or for children under the age of 16.
如果你同时在服用其他药物 And if you're on any other medication,
最好先向医生或药剂师咨询 check with your doctor or pharmacist first.
我利用树木的特性来帮助缓解剃须皮疹 I want to harness the properties of trees to help sooth shaving rash.
而且希望能帮助Nathan和Simon And I'm hoping to help Nathan and Simon
每次剃须刀和皮肤接触过后 who suffer from soreness and irritation
他们的皮肤就会产生疼痛以及刺激感 after every encounter with a razor.
主要症状是脖子附近会发红 The symptoms are reddening, mainly round the neck.
我不能贴着胡子的根部剃须 I can't shave against the grain of the beard
Nathan
因为接触之后就会起疹子 because I'll just come out in spots.
剃须后三天 我的皮肤就像是 After the third day of shaving, my skin is like...
Simon
就感觉有灼烧般的痛感 It feels like it's a lava field on fire.
我得间隔六天 I have to wait about six days
才能剃须一次 before I can shave again
否则流血的情况会很严重 otherwise the bleeding just gets really bad.
这不只是男人才有的问题 It's not just a problem for the boys.
对Meredian来说 剃腋毛也会起严重的疹子 For Meredian, underarm shaving leads to nasty rashes.
那些皮疹给我带来的最大困扰就是 The worst thing for me with my rashes
在毛发重新长出来时 那些疹子依旧存在 is when the hair's growing back and the spots.
Meredian
而且会有不适感 让我想抓痒 Cause it does irritate, it makes me want to itch them.
我试过了剃须膏 剃须油 I've tried shaving gels, I've tried shaving oils,
我还试过了保湿液 I've also tried moisturisers,
面霜 泥状面膜 face packs, mud packs...
有时候你可能买了一件连衣裙 Sometimes you just buy a sun dress,
但是当你举起手臂时 你就会想 天啊 but then when go like this you're like, "oh, gosh."
然后你就永远不会想再穿一次了 And it's like you don't want to wear it any more.
要是有东西能缓解这种疼痛就太棒了 Anything to take the soreness away would be fantastic.
要着手处理这问题 我打算使用 To tackle the problem, I'm going to use
一种最知名常见的草药 one of the most well known plants in herbal medicine
它有着非常好的止血效果 which has excellent astringent properties,
而且也常被应用在许多护肤产品里 and it's commonly used in loads of skincare products.
Nathan 这里有株植物 OK, Nathan, I've got a plant
你可能认不出它是什么 you probably don't recognise
不过如果你有剃须皮疹问题 but you've certainly heard of its name
那就绝对听说过它的名字 金缕梅 if you've got shaving rash - witch hazel.
它看起来长的好像榛果树 It looks a bit like hazelnut to me.
英文里两者名字相近
的确 所以它名字才叫 金缕梅 It does, hence the name witch hazel.
不过它并不结果子 They don't produce nuts.
它们叶子与树皮里所蕴含的成分 What they do produce inside their leaves
是用于消炎的有效物质 and their bark is this great anti-inflammatory substance
可以帮助缓解剃须皮疹的发红现象 that helps bring down the redness you get with shaving rash.
我可以在自家花园里种植它吗 Could I grow this in my garden?
你可以在全国各地种植这种植物 You can grow it anywhere in the country.
它原产于北美 That thing is from North America
那里冬季严寒 where they have really, really cold winters,
气温可达零下二十到零下二十五度 down to -20, -25.
因此就算在最寒冷 最潮湿 最阴暗的环境下 So even in like the coldest, wettest, shadiest environment,
它也茁壮生长 it'll do brilliantly.
-那它正适合在英国种植 -没错 - It's perfect for England, then. - Exactly!
加入一些碎瓦片来帮助排水 Just add some crocks to help with drainage
然后用堆肥与土壤的混合物将其填满 and fill it up with a mixture of compost and topsoil.
你是拐我来打理你的花园吧 You've just got me here to do your gardening.
没错 Tell me about it.
再加入少量的肥料 比如鸡粪 And add a handful of fertiliser such as this chicken manure,
就可以开始种植了 and you're ready to plant.
到这里我们的工作还没结束 Our work here isn't done.
你可以帮我一起把它拉到角落吗 I'm going to drag it into that corner, if you could help me out.
金缕梅偏好充分的日照 Witch hazel prefers either full sun
或者如我们所选择的阴凉处 or a light shady spot, which we're opting for.
接下来给它浇点水来帮助其生长 Then just give it a quick splash of water to help it get established.
在给植物换盆栽种之后 Just after you've re-potted a plant,
给它稍微修剪枝叶是不错的主意 it's often a good idea to give it a light prune.
更棒的是 And the brilliant thing is,
与其将这些部分丢去做堆肥 with these, instead of popping them on the compost heap,
我们可以把它做成疗方 you can turn them into a remedy.
而且基本上是废物利用 So a remedy for free, pretty much.
太厉害了 Fantastic.
做完前面的重活之后 Now, with the work our completed,
下一步则比较轻松 we can push on to the gentler task
将五枝带叶的枝桠 of turning five leafy twigs into a gel
做成缓解Nathan剃须皮疹的药膏 to help Nathan's shaving rash.
我的药膏中有蕴含着单宁酸的金缕梅 The witch hazel in my shaving gel contains tannins
金缕梅
须后膏
单宁酸
就有消炎 止血 以及抗微生物的作用 which are anti-inflammatory, astringent and anti-microbial.
消炎
这些单宁酸能缓解发红以及发炎的皮肤 These tannins sooth red and inflamed skin,
帮助止血 甚至能收缩毛孔 helping stem bleeding and even work to help keep spots at bay.
止血
收缩毛孔
好的 Nathan Right, Nathan.
我们要来制作金缕梅须后膏 We are going to make a witch hazel aftershave gel,
-就跟那些你在商店里买到的一样 -太好了 - just like the kind of thing you get in the shops. - Fantastic.
我要给你一整把金缕梅 I'm going to give you a whole bunch of them.
帮我把它们撕碎 大概撕碎就行了 If you could just tear them up, just really roughly.
跟切碎相比 用手撕碎它们有什么好处呢 What's the advantage of tearing rather than chopping?
你可以用切的 也可以用撕的 Oh, you can chop them, you can tear them.
只是 你不太能撕碎那些枝桠 The only thing is, you can't really tear the twigs.
我要运用到其中的各各部分 I want to use everything.
树皮 枝桠 树叶 每部分都很有用 Bark, twigs, leaves, every little bit of it's good.
它强大的消炎效果 Because it's so anti-inflammatory,
使其得到广泛应用 it's used for everything,
从消除眼袋到消除痔疮 from getting rid of eye bags to haemorrhoids.
基本上 它能调节以及紧缩细胞组织 Basically, it tones and tightens tissues,
正是那些病症所需的效果 which is exactly what you want in either of those places.
是啊 听起来很棒 Yeah. Sounds really good.
加入四颗青柠皮 以及十片月桂叶 Adding the zest of four limes and ten bay leaves
可以使须后膏带有新鲜草药的芳香 will give the aftershave a fresh herbal fragrance.
我还要加入一点传统味道 I've got one more suitably old school scent to pop in.
你觉得它闻起来像什么 Tell me what that smells like.
我不知道你认不认识这株植物 I don't know if you know the plant.
闻起来像老式的须后水 Smells like old man's aftershave.
天啊 你真厉害 真的 God, you're good, you really are.
这是芳香天竺葵 This is a scented geranium,
而且不可思议的是 它有上百种不同的种类 and you can get them, incredibly, in hundreds of varieties.
黑加仑味 玫瑰味 薄荷味 柴油味 Blackcurrant, rose, mint, diesel.
这一种叫古风 And this one's a variety called Old Spice.
Old Spice: 是一种名叫古风的须后水品牌
我没办法... I just couldn't...
看到它名字的第一眼 我就决定加入它 When I saw the name I thought we have to put it in.
加入十片撕碎的叶子 Just pop in ten broken up leaves,
它也有消炎和杀菌的作用 which are also anti-inflammatory and can kill bacteria.
是时候该加朗姆酒了 It's time to pop the rum in.
倒入四百五十毫升白朗姆酒 Pour on 450 millilitres of white rum
然后把它在避光处存放几周 and leave in a dark place for a couple of weeks.
酒精会萃取出其中的香味 The alcohol draws out the scent
和一些有效成分 and some of the active ingredients
将其转变成适合涂抹在皮肤上的状态 into a form that can be easily put on your skin.
-太好闻了 -真的吗 - That smells amazing. - Really?
闻起来就像须后水 It smells like an aftershave.
这基本上就可以当须后水用了 That is basically what aftershave is.
你可以放入任何你喜欢其味道的草药 You can put whatever herb you like the smell of
而酒精会帮你锁住香味 into alcohol and get hold of it.
其实这样就可以直接抹在皮肤上了 You could use that directly on your skin if you wanted to,
但是我还要再多做一步 but I'm going to add one more step
把它变成一种保湿滋润的药膏 that will turn it into a gel that's really moisturising.
把它用筛子滤过 If you pop that through that sieve.
将液体变为膏状非常简单 Turning a liquid into a gel is really simple.
你只需要四小袋琼脂粉 You just need four sachets of veggie gel
这在超市就可以买到 which you can buy in the supermarket.
想让它变成膏状 我们要加点水进行搅拌 To get it to gel, we need to whisk in some water.
现在我要加100毫升自制金缕梅水 And I'm going to use 100 millilitres of homemade witch hazel water
里面蕴含有效成分 which contains the active ingredient.
你也可以在草药商或者药剂师那里 You can also buy a clear, distilled version
买到金缕梅纯露 from herbal suppliers or chemists.
然后再倒入200毫升制好的酊剂进行搅拌 And then whisk in 200 millilitres of your tincture.
现在将混合物微火加热几分钟 Now heat the mixture gently for just a few minutes.
说实话 着看起来稠稠的 有点恶心 It does look a bit thick and a bit grim, to be honest,
看起来就像... It looks like a..
-恶心 Nathan -看起来像肉汁 - Grim, Nathan? - It looks like load of gravy!
这瓶凝胶可在冰箱里保存一个月 This gel will keep for a month in the fridge,
跟我的其它疗方一样 须做24小时皮肤测试 and, as with all my remedies, do a 24-hour skin test
检测是否有过敏反应 to check for allergies.
你准备好将它涂在脸上了吗 Are you going to risk putting it on your face?
-你先 -好吧 涂上了 涂上了 - You first. - Yeah, it's on, it's on.
什么事也没有 Nothing's happening.
真的有感觉 I can actually feel it.
有清爽的感觉 It's really cooling.
我很喜欢它的气味 闻起来就像 What I really like is the scent of it. It smells kind of like...
我说不上来 像烟草味 I don't know. Like tobacco.
是烟盒的味道 不是烟灰缸的味道 But boxes of tobacco, not ashtrays.
-新鲜烟草味 -还有朗姆酒的味道 - Mm. Fresh tobacco. - Yeah, and rum and stuff like that.
你老婆大概会怀疑你去过哪儿 Your wife's going to wonder where you've been.
Nathan Simon和Meredian Nathan, Simon and Meredian
都试用了我的金缕梅药膏 all tried my witch hazel gel.
很明显 这不是做临床试验 但是有效吗 Obviously, it wasn't a clinical trial, but did it help?
皮肤舒缓下来 也没有红印了 The skin's calming down. There's no redness there.
还能止血 The bleeding's almost stopped.
现在只有一两处疹子 Just one or two spots.
效果神奇 味道也不错 It works really well and smells really nice.
它的确有效 It does have a positive effect,
不过每天刮胡子时刀片都会 but shaving every day and passing a blade
接触皮肤 引起大片疹子 over my skin every day, it just makes the rash too much.
因此这种药物无法根治 And therefore the remedy can't cope.
自从用了这种凝胶 少部分红疹消退了 A few of my spots have gone down since I've been using it,
不过瘙痒感和刺激感完全消失了 but the itching and the irritating has stopped completely.
现在我可以穿吊带衫了 I can now wear strappy tops like this
即便是举起手臂也不会觉得尴尬了 and I can put up my hands without feeling like embarrassed
而且也不会引起别人的注意 or anyone's going to take notice.
它让我自信了许多 So it has helped with my confidence quite a lot.
它的疗效让我大吃一惊 I was shocked what a difference it made.
令我印象深刻 I was really impressed with it.
天然药物没有任何保证 Natural remedies don't come with guarantees
并非人人都适合 and they don't always work for everyone.
但这种药膏似乎有一定疗效 But my gel seemed to help these guys,
何不试一试呢 so why not give it a go?
如果你没有足够的空间种植大棵植物 If you haven't got the room for big trees,
那你还有许多其他选择 then there are plenty of other options for smaller spaces.
不要因为花园小种不了树 Don't be put off by growing trees
就迟迟不肯动手 just because you've got a small garden.
只要选择适当的植物 With a clever planting choice
掌握一些种植技巧 就可以在狭小的空间里 and a couple of crafty tricks you can pack loads of them
种植丰富的品种 into a really tiny space.
我们这里有梅子 梨 苹果和无花果 We've got here plums, pears, apples and figs.
你可以靠墙种植果树 You can train fruit trees along any wall
这样就给光秃秃的砖墙带来了层次和朝气 and they'll add structure and beauty to bare brickwork.
你所要做的就是在墙上牵几根铁丝 All you've got to do is attach a couple of wires to the wall
将树枝绑在上面 and tie the branches on.
你可以在花卉商店买已成型的小树 You can buy ready trained young trees from your garden centre.
只需保持平行或扇形的树枝形态 Just maintain the shape of the parallel or fanned branches.
它们可以吸收 They benefit from the heat
这面南墙所散发的热量 that's kicked out of this south-facing wall.
也就是说 例如 It means, for example, things like
像苹果 梅子和梨 apples, plums and pears,
能够在早春时节开花 they start to flower that little bit earlier in the spring,
于是每个树枝都会结更多的果实 which means they produce, branch for branch, loads more fruit.
医用灌木也非常适合在狭小空间里种植 Medicinal shrubs are another great alternative for a small space.
而有着鲜艳黄色花朵的金丝桃 And St John's wort, with its vibrant yellow flowers,
就是一个不错的选择 is a star player.
厄迪斯利 赫里福郡
在赫里福郡 Paul Richards种了大片金丝桃 This is big business here in Herefordshire,
将生意做得很大 where Paul Richards is growing it commercially.
我从未见过这么大一片的金丝桃 I've never seen so much St John's wort en masse in my life.
太美了 This is amazing.
金丝桃以治疗抑郁症而出名 St John's wort is famed for its use against depression,
但它的传统用法是制成精油 but it was also used traditionally to make an oil
用于伤口和刀口处 for wounds and cuts.
你们好 伙计们 Hi there, guys.
我是来帮你们收割的 And I've come along to help with the harvest.
我听说今天是收获金丝桃的最佳时机 I hear the best time to harvest St John's wort
准确地说是6月24日 对吧 is on this day, exactly, 24th of June?
是的 很遗憾的是 它并不总是开花 Yes. Unfortunately, it doesn't always flower.
我们非常幸运 金丝桃在今天开花了 We're very lucky today that it is St John's day and it is flowering.
我们只要捏住枝头 So what we do is just take the top bit there
-迅速割下就行了 -对 抓住割下 - and cut them off. - Yeah. Grab and slash.
再简单不过了 Couldn't be simpler.
这种植物含有一种深红色精油 Inside the plant there's a deep red oil
具有治愈伤口的功效 with wound-healing properties,
这也是金丝桃的灵魂所在 which symbolises St John the Baptist's blood.
这叫做贯叶连翘 It's called hypericum perforatum
因为它的叶子上有许多小孔 because it has little holes in its leaves,
通常认为这是它的气孔 which were thought to represent his wounds.
如果你迎着阳光 从叶子下面看上去 If you look at the leaf from below, up to the light,
你会发现这些小圆点 you can see these tiny little dots.
所以 每一个细小的针孔 So, each of those little tiny pinpricks
就是化学物质形成的地方 is where the chemicals are produced.
我想许多人在自家花园里都见过金丝桃 I think a lot of people know the St John's wort from their garden,
它是一种比较大型的灌木 which is a big shrubby thing.
我不知道为什么人们不种 这很难吗 I've no idea why they don't grow this. Is it hard to grow?
金丝桃太容易种了 It's dead easy to grow.
只是人们认为它不如其他植物鲜艳夺目 People don't feel it's as showy as the other one.
不过我觉得 要是有这么一大片金丝桃 But I think, you know, if you have a mass of this in midsummer
仲夏开花时节 一定非常漂亮 it's just absolutely beautiful.
人们称其为阳光草本 They call it the sunshine herb, as well.
我不知道还有这样的说法 I've never heard about it.
这个名字太美了 That's a beautiful name for it.
-贮存阳光 -我喜欢这种说法 好名字 - Bottled sunshine. - I like that. That's a good word.
金丝桃也有野生的 St John's wort does grow in the wild,
但千万不要把它跟形态相似的毒花混淆了 but be careful not to confuse it with toxic look-alikes.
随身带上一本指南 Take a guide book.
我们当场就把鲜花装罐 保证绝对新鲜 We're bottling our flowers on site to catch them at their very freshest.
取一点在手里 然后用手捏碎 Take the heads and you crush them in your hand,
将里面的成分融进到精油里 just to release the ingredients into the oil.
把罐子尽量装满 You want to get the container as full as possible.
这样你就可以制成足够浓的精油 OK. So you get as concentrated an oil as you can muster.
需要使用某种特定的油来萃取吗 Is there any specific type of oil that you use?
我常用橄榄油 不过葵花油最便宜 Olive oil often used, but sunflower oil's the cheapest,
而且容易在皮肤上晕开 it spreads well on the skin,
这就是我们常用的 so that's what we always use.
要放置多长时间呢 How long do you leave it for?
但愿今年日照长一点 Hopefully we'll get some more sun this year,
这样的话 到秋天就可以了 so by the autumn you'll have your oil.
我要把这罐精油做成抗菌软膏 I'm going to turn the oil into an antiseptic ointment
用于刀口 擦伤和烧伤 for cuts, grazes and burns.
这一罐差不多在太阳下晒了七个星期 This has been sitting in a sunny spot for about seven weeks
以萃取各种精华 to extract all the goodness,
现在应该可以使用了 so it should be about ready.
这最终确实会变成血红色 不过 This can go really electric blood red, but it depends
也要看你晒了多久 how much sunshine you get
静置了多久 and how long you leave it for.
并且只有把它倒出来 你才知道最终结果 And you can never really tell until you get it out.
把纯净 金色的油 And from a clear, golden coloured oil,
和黄色的小花 像变魔术一样 and yellow flowers it's, as if by magic,
变成了深红色 turned deep ochre red.
你可以直接拿来用了 You could use this oil just as it is,
不过这样有一点油腻 but it is a little bit greasy like this,
而且如果你口袋里装上这样一瓶油 and if you had a bottle of this in your pocket
会漏得到处都是 it would probably leak everywhere.
你还可以再加一样东西 There's one little thing you can add to this,
把它变得更实用一些 just to make it that little bit more practical.
加点蜂蜡 可将油变为膏状 Adding beeswax will transform your oil into an ointment.
加一茶匙到50毫升的金丝桃精油中就可以了 Just add a teaspoon to 50 millilitres of the St John's wort oil.
你可以用蜂蜡 家俱擦光蜡 Now, you can get beeswax, furniture polish,
就是家俱擦光蜡 actually as furniture polish.
你也可以用蜂蜡烛 削下来就行了 You can even use a beeswax candle, you just unpeel.
只要保证它是100%纯蜂蜡 You've just got to make sure it's 100% pure beeswax
不含任何其他化学物质 with no other chemicals added in.
然后低温加热几十秒 Mix together on a low heat for less than a minute,
所有程序就完成了 and that's all about there is to it.
直接倒进小罐子里就可以了 Just pour it straight into a jar.
几分钟后 你的药膏就可以用了 And in just a few minutes your ointment's ready to use.
你们看 又润又滑 Look at that. It's rich and smooth.
非常舒缓 完全没有其他添加物 Really soothing, and there are no bells and whistles to this.
只需一些油和金丝桃 All it is is just some oil, some St John's wort flowers,
还有一点蜂蜡 and a little bit of beeswax,
你就拥有了一瓶急救伤口的草本良药 and you've got a real centrepiece for a herbal first aid kit.
好东西 Great stuff.
放在阴凉处可保存至少一年 This will keep for up to a year in a cool place.
治愈刀口和擦伤 每天可使用三次 You can use the ointment three times a day to help heal cuts and grazes.
金丝桃会使皮肤感光 St John's wort can make skin more sensitive to the sun,
所以保证使用过的地方远离紫外线 so keep treated areas protected from UV rays.
我并不是说草本药物 I'm not suggesting that plant-based remedies are better
比传统药物更好 than conventional medicine,
但是我希望 你在关注自己健康之时 but I do hope you'll consider the role they can play
能够想到草本药物的功效 when taking care of your health.
制作草本疗方简单易行 成本低廉 还充满乐趣 Making natural remedies is easy, it's cheap and it's fun.
但你要事先确定自己的症状 You've got to make sure you've got a correct diagnosis beforehand,
征询医生的意见 so seek a doctor's advice.
如果你已有身孕或处于哺乳期 And if you're pregnant, breast feeding
或者正在服用其它药物 or on any other medication,
切记咨询一下医生或药剂师 always check with your doctor or pharmacist
看是否适合新的治疗方法 that any new treatment is suitable for you.
下期节目 我会用野生植物 Next time, I'm going to be using wild plants
制作一种果酱 用于治疗普通感冒 to make a jam to treat the common cold.
用海藻制作让你爱不释手的身体磨砂膏 Creating a pampering body scrub from seaweed...
我只闻到一股鱼腥味 太可怕了 All I can smell is fish and it's horrible.
用小米草舒缓眼睛疲劳 Using eyebright to soothe tired eyes.
用去刺的荨麻茶治疗花粉热 And tackling hay fever with a sting-free nettle tea.
和我想象中的一样 有股臭袜子味 Exactly how I imagined it to be. Sweaty socks.
我的疗方的制作方法 You can find the recipes for my remedies and advice
以及使用说明都可以在以下地址找到 on how to use them at: