伙计们 我叫约翰·帕克 hey guys my name is john park
欢迎来到照明的基础知识 and welcome to the basics of lighting
在本教程中 in this tutorial
我将介绍照明的基本规则 I will be covering the fundamental rules of lighting
了解基本形式 and also understanding the basic forms
最后 and lastly
照明的应用 让我们开始吧 the application of lighting so let's get started
所以通常我喜欢从一个 so typically I like to start off with a
3000×1800像素高度 3000 by 1800 pixel height
帆布 canvas
3000通常是一种合适的尺寸 3000 is generally good size to kind of
让一幅画开始画 to kind of get a painting going
如果你要画一幅大型复杂的画 if you're going to be doing a large complex painting
那我强烈推荐 then I would highly recommend
你知道4到40500像素宽 you know four to 40,500 pixels wide
是的 所以在我们真正进入绘画之前 and yeah so before we actually get into the painting
我想给你们看几个 I want to show you guys just a couple of a couple of
照片 photographs
说明不同的照明场景 illustrating the different lighting scenarios
这里我们有四张照片 so here we have four photographs
每一个呢 and each one
展示不同类型的照明场景 showcases a different type of lighting scenario
在第一张照片中 in the first photograph
你可以在左上角看到 you can see on the top left hand corner
这清楚地表明, that this clearly demonstrates
顶灯 a top lit
环境 environment
我们能识别的方法就是光 and the way we can identify that is the light
太阳实际上位于顶部 the sun is actually being located in the top
它正在下降 and it's coming down
它描述了上面的表格 and it's describing the forms on the top
这些岩石的表面 surface of these rocks
所以如果你想象一个盒子 so if you imagine like a box
一个盒子被点燃了 and a box is being lit
自上而下 from the top
你几乎可以猜到 you can almost guess that
两边不会有那么多光线 the sides are not gonna get as much light
所以它或多或少会在 so it's more or less gonna be in
阴影 否则会更暗 shadow or it's gonna be darker
这就是这种照明场景 so that's kind of what this lighting scenarios
这里我们有经典的背光 here we have the classic back lighting
那么背景光呢 so the back lighting
我们知道 我们可以告诉你 太阳 we know and we can tell that the sun
实际上是 is actually
回到这里 back here
它就藏在物体后面 and it's hiding behind the object
和 and
这里的所有对象 all of the objects here
包括岩石形态 including the rock forms
山脉 the mountain ranges
实际上是在这里被剪影 are actually being silhouetted here
所以如果你想想 so if you think about
如何将其转化为基本形式 how this translates into a basic form
如果我们有一个 again if we have a
盒 box
我们有太阳 and we have the sun
从这里回来 being backbit from here
这个盒子或多或少会被点燃 this box is more or less gonna be lit
只有前面和这里的其他地方 only in the front side and everything else here
将会被点燃 is going to be lit
实际上是在阴影中 is going to be actually in shadow
所以这些都不会被点燃 so none of this is going to be lit
这里的现金阴影实际上是 and the cash shadow here is actually going to be
向我们走来 coming towards us
这就是这里的照明陷阱 so that's what that lighting snare would be here
第三 我们这里有定向照明 thirdly we have directional lighting here
现在我知道你可以 now I know that you can
可能从图像上看不出来 probably not tell from the image
这有点 this is a little bit
这里嘎吱作响 crunched here
但如果我们能让我提出来 but if we if I just bring up
这张照片上的对比度 the contrast on this image
你们可以清楚地看到太阳 you guys can clearly see that the sun
是以一个角度进来的 is coming in at an angle
它看起来好像要进来 但实际上 it looks like it's coming in here but it's actually
从左边进来 coming in from the left
而且是灯光 and it's lighting
这 this
这些岩石形态 these rock forms
所以你可以清楚地看到有阴影的一面 so you can clearly see that there's a shadow side
就在这里 right here
还有光明的一面 and there's a light side
所以又有一个问题 so again there's a
影子这边 shadow side here
和 and
光明的一面 a light side
就像用一个盒子来演示一样 so just like using a box as our demonstration
想象一下灯光 imagine that the lights
如果我们有手电筒 if we had a flashlight
或者光线是从左边射进来的 or the light was coming in from the left
这面将被照亮 that this side will be lit
但是这边 but this side here
很可能是在阴影中 is going to be most likely in shadow
现在取决于光线的角度 now depending on the angle of the light
如果太阳真的更 if the sun is actually more
直接侧面 directly on the side
我们知道这张脸 we know for a fact that this face
或者盒子的这一面会被点亮 or this side of the box is going to be lit
但是上面 but the top side
可能得不到那么多的光线 is probably not going to get as much light
所以我们几乎可以 so we can almost
差不多 almost kind of
做一个有根据的猜测 kind of make a educated guess
这一边或多或少会 that this side is going to be more or less
也会在阴影中 going to be in shadow as well
好的 这里的最后一英寸 alright the last stem inch here
所以这是一个非常棘手的问题 so this is a very tricky one
而且可能是最 and probably one of the most
最难的照明场景 因为 hardest lighting scenarios because
它并没有告诉我们很多关于表单的信息 it doesn't really tell us much about the form
这称为前照灯 this is called front lighting
现在 太阳的前面实际上在我们后面 now the front lighting the sun is actually behind us
而且它是铸造的 and it's casting
正前方 directly in front
物体的形状 of the object
这就是为什么这被称为前照灯 which is why this is called front lighting
所以如果太阳在我们身后 so if the sun is behind us
而且它是铸造的 and it's casting
我们面前的灯光 the light in front of us
在这些物体前面 in front of these objects
那么我们只会得到一点点影子 then we're only going to get a little sliver of shadow
如果我们幸运的话 对吗 if we're lucky right
所以这一小块阴影是 so this little sliver of shadow is
它只会描述 it's only going to describe
阴影的一面 但在大多数情况下 the shadow side but for the most part
这里的一切实际上都是光明的 all of this here is actually in light
那么最快的方法是 so the quickest way to
确定是否有东西在前面 identify whether something's being front
亮不亮 lit or not
就是尽量注意阴影的位置 is try to pay attention to where the shadows
可能被埋入 are potentially laid in
因此 如果阴影非常浅且 so if the shadows are very shallow and
在物体后面 behind the object
那么你最有可能在前面的场景中 then you're most likely in a front scenario
还有 and also the
现金阴影将位于对象的后面 cash shadows are going to be behind the object
所以如果你看到任何现金阴影 so if you see any cash shadows
这也是前盖的情况 that are behind that's also a front lid scenario
看看这灌木丛 look at this bush right here
还是这灌木丛 or this shrub
这种灌木就是一个很好的例子 this shrub is a good example of something that's
有点圆 kind of round ish
我们并没有看到太多关于阴影的描述 we don't really see much description of the shadow
但我们确实看到了现金的影子 the actual object but we do see a cash shadow
所以这确实告诉了我们或者它给了我们一个很好的指示 so this does tell us or it gives us a good indication
灯光是从前面来的 that the light is coming from the front
所以如果我们要把它翻译成一个盒子 so if we were to translate this into a box
我们这里有一个盒子 and we had a box here
盒子或多或少是从正面照亮的 and the box was more or less being lit from the front
我们知道 这两个方面将被点燃 we know that these two sides are going to be lit
但是背后 but the backside
我们可能看不见 很可能是在阴影中 we probably can't see is most likely in shadow
我们将看到盒子上的现金阴影 and we're going to see a cash shadow of the box
那就是 so that's going to be
显示 showing
也取决于 and also depending on
太阳的角度 如果太阳是 the angle of the sun if the sun is
在这里照亮顶面 lighting the top surface here
然后所有三面都将被照亮 then all three sides are going to be lit
轻若 light if
太阳比较低 the sun is lower
那么只有前面的两边会在这里被照亮 then only the front two sides are going to be lit here
那么我们可以放心地说 顶部 then we can safely say that the top side
有一个有根据的猜测是 has an educated guess is going to be
暗处 in shadow
这些是不同的规则 so these are the different rules
在不同的照明场景下 in different lighting scenarios
我们有顶级照明设备 we got our top lighting
我们的背光 our back lighting
我们的侧灯 our side lighting
还有我们的前灯 and our front lighting
好吧 让我再给你们看一张图表 all right let me show you guys one more diagram
这里我有一个非常简单的球体 and here I just have a very simple sphere
以及我想展示这个和展示的原因 and the reason why I want to showcase this and showcase
照明的应用 the application of lighting
所以我们真的 so that we really
了解如何 understand how
光只作用于一个简单的物体 如球体 light plays on just a simple object like a sphere
那就用顶灯吧 so going with top lighting
我知道一个事实 I know for a fact
如果光源 that if the light source
是从上面来的 is coming from the top here
假设我们有太阳 and let's say we have the sun
喜气洋洋 beaming down
我知道这将是光明的一面 I know that this is going to be the light side
我们知道在下面的某个地方 and we know for a fact that somewhere down here
这将是黑暗的一面 对吗 is going to be the dark side right
球体也是如此 so for sphere
你知道 因为它是圆的 you know since it's round
我们如何表示 how do we indicate
黑暗面将从哪里开始 where the top where the dark side is going to begin
所以有一种方法我们可以 so one way we can we can
我们可以测量的是光线是否直射下来 we can measure is if the light is coming straight down
像这样 such like this
那么我们几乎可以保证光线 then we can almost guarantee that the light
将在这里结束 is going to end here
基本上在哪里 basically where
它不能再环绕对象了 it can't wrap around the object anymore
这是一个很好的指标 so this is a good indicator
那灯亮了吗 that the light
将在这里停止 阴影将真正开始 will stop here and the shadow will actually begin
什么叫核心 what is called the core
所以我们要 so we're gonna have
核心从这里开始 the core start here
在阴影的另一面 and in the rest of the shadow side
会在下面吗 is going to be down here
现在开始演示 now for this demonstration
实际上 我将只使用两个值 I'm actually going to only use two values
那会是什么 which is going to be
光 light
黑暗和原因 and dark and the reason
为什么我在这个演示中只使用了两个值 why I'm only using two values for this demonstration
是为了让我们清楚地了解最基本的 is so that we clearly understand the very very basic
以及它最直接的照明形式 and its most direct form of lighting
我们知道一个事实 现金的影子 and we know for a fact that the cash shadow
将会是 is going to be
就在物体的正下方 right below the object
这就是我们将要得到的顶部照明 so that's what we're going to get for top lighting here
好吧 我要把这个藏起来 okay I'm just gonna go ahead and hide this
现在让我们来看下一个 now let's go to our next one here
这将是我们的幕后故事 which is gonna be our backbit scenario
所以逆光我们可以说太阳 so backlighting we can say that the sun
差不多 is more or less
在物体后面 behind the object
很有可能 and it's most likely
它很可能照亮了前面 it's most likely lighting the front
这是实际球体的背面 this back side of the actual sphere
所以我们面对的实际上是 so what we're faced against is actually the
阴暗面 the shadow side
所以我要在这里做一个选择 so I'm actually going to make a selection of this here
这就是我们要得到的 and this is what we're going to get
一个非常非常黑暗的圆圈 a very very dark circle
并进一步 and to further
指示这是背光 indicate that this is being backlit
阴影实际上会向我们走来 the shadow is actually going to come towards us
这是一个很好的指标 表明这个物体就是它 and that's a good indicator that the object is backbit
所以我们可以看到一条光 so we can see a sliver of light
在这里 here
试图偷看 但这主要是在阴影中 trying to peek over but then this is mainly in shadow
这里的影子呢 and the shadow here
也向我们走来 is also coming towards us
因此 这是一个很好的指标 知道是否 so this is a good indicator of knowing whether or not
正在备份的对象 your objects being backbit
下一个快乐 next delighting
因此 想一想快乐多少有点像 so think of delighting more or less like
手电筒对吗 a flashlight right
如果我们这里有手电筒 so if we have a flashlight here
我们要指向一个物体 and we are to point at an object
我们知道这个地区 we know for a fact that this area
将会收到光 is going to be receiving the light
这意味着另一方 so which means that the other side
那不是光 that's not receiving light
很可能是在阴影中 is most likely going to be in shadow
这就是侧面照明 so that's what side lighting is
用于日光照明 and for sunlighting
说到快乐 when it comes to delighting
它只是更具方向性 所以如果我们有太阳的话 it's just more directional so if we have the sun
在我们的左边 on our left side here
从左边进来 coming in from the left
击中目标 hitting the object
我们知道一个事实 we know for a fact that
我们可以使用这些角度 we can use these angles
要准确估计灯光的位置 to get a good estimation of where the light
将要结束 阴影将从哪里开始 is going to end and where the shadows gonna begin
所以 so
它会卷起来的 it's gonna wrap around
这里的物体 the object here
这和我们的方式非常相似 and it's very similar to the way
它被点燃了 it's being lit
顶灯亮着 但只是从侧面转过来 top lit but it's just turned on the side
这边呢 and this side here
在圆圈的这一边是 on this side of the circle is
事实上 这将是一个黑暗的世界 actually going to be in dark
但是阴影 but the shadow
然而 阴影不会在下面 however the shadow is not going to be below
它实际上会被推 it it's actually going to be pushed
就在右边 way over to the right side
这给了我们一个很好的视觉指示器 so this gives us a good visual indicator
灯实际上在左边 that the light is actually on the left
或者它是从一个角度来的 or it's coming at an angle
还有另一边的阴影 and the shadows on the other side
最后但并非最不重要的前照灯 last but not least front lighting
所以前面的灯光 so front lighting
基本上是光 is basically the light
照在物体上 它隐藏在这里 is shining on the object and it's hidden here
阴影很可能在背面 and the shadow is most likely on the backside
是的 这是背景光的反面 right so it's the reverse of the back lighting
这里正好相反 here it's going to be the exact reverse
所以我们几乎可以说如果光照到这里 so we can almost say that if the light is hitting here
阴影就在这里 and the shadow is here
然后 then
也许我们可以指出阴影在后面 maybe we can indicate that the shadow is back there
只需发出一点点光 just by giving a slight sliver of light
我是说有点银色的影子 a slight sliver shadow I mean
所以我们或多或少会得到这样的结果 so we're gonna get something more or less like this
哎呀 我需要删除所有这些东西 oops I need to delete all that stuff
所以我们要添加一些或多或少类似的东西 so we're gonna add something more or less like this
这有助于描述 that's gonna help describe
最直接、最直接的 the most direct and straightforward
前照灯的图形表示 graphic representation of front light
这看起来不像是真的 now this doesn't really look like
因为我们都很好 anything because we're just like well
好吧我怎么知道前面有灯光 okay well how do I know that's being lit in the front
我们必须再次确认这一点 and again we have to reconfirm that
通过显示阴影实际上在后面 by showing that the shadow is actually behind
所以这将是一个组合 so it's going to be a combination
你如何解释这个物体 of how you explain the object
穿过阴影 through the shadow
但它也是 but it's also
您如何解释对象的组合 a combination of how you explain the object
穿过现金阴影 through the cash shadow
这就是我们要做的 so this is what's going to
能给我们一个清晰的定义吗 be able to give us a clear definition
最亮的是什么 of what's being top lit
背面照明和正面照明 back side lit and front lit