in this online lecture we're going to 在本在线讲座中，我们将
in this online lecture we're going to 谈论质子与氧键合和
in this online lecture we're going to talk about protons bonded to oxygen and 氮如何在h和mr上出现
talk about protons bonded to oxygen and 我们将在这里看到的重点
talk about protons bonded to oxygen and nitrogen how they appear on the h and mr 第一是没有分裂
nitrogen how they appear on the h and mr 在氮或氢上观察到质子
nitrogen how they appear on the h and mr what we're going to see here key point 如果样品痕量运行，则为氧气
what we're going to see here key point 酸或碱的量，这是由于
what we're going to see here key point number one is that no splitting is 质子交换
number one is that no splitting is 我们还将看到第二个
number one is that no splitting is observed for protons on a nitrogen or an N或O上质子的信号是
observed for protons on a nitrogen or an 通常比其他信号更广泛
observed for protons on a nitrogen or an oxygen if the sample is run with trace 1 H NMR对我们有好处，因为
oxygen if the sample is run with trace 它使这些信号更易于拾取
oxygen if the sample is run with trace amounts of acid or base this is due to 用1 H NMR进行分析，所以让我们了解
amounts of acid or base this is due to 关键点在这里，假设您有这个
amounts of acid or base this is due to of something called proton exchange 酒在这里，你把他放进去
of something called proton exchange H和MR会通知您，因为它是
of something called proton exchange we're also going to see number two that 酒精中氢键合到
we're also going to see number two that 氧气，但假设我们运行样本
we're also going to see number two that the signals for protons on an N or O are 纯净干燥意味着样品
the signals for protons on an N or O are 分子本身仅在NMR中
the signals for protons on an N or O are usually broader than other signals on 没有溶剂，没有其他试剂
usually broader than other signals on 让我们使用到目前为止所学到的
usually broader than other signals on the h NMR this is to our benefit because 本章要弄清楚
the h NMR this is to our benefit because NMR谱看起来像这样
the h NMR this is to our benefit because it makes these signals easier to pick 好分子，让我们从这里开始
it makes these signals easier to pick 称其为氢的类型
it makes these signals easier to pick out on an H NMR so let's understand our 在这里把这些做为B型
out on an H NMR so let's understand our 氢和甲基氢
out on an H NMR so let's understand our key points here let's say you have this 将是C型氢
key points here let's say you have this 就是说我们的草图应该在这里
key points here let's say you have this alcohol right here and you put him in 期望在我们的H和M中看到三个峰值
alcohol right here and you put him in 是最容易改变的
alcohol right here and you put him in the H and M R notice because it's an 应该是氢，因为这些
the H and M R notice because it's an 最接近氧气然后下一个
the H and M R notice because it's an alcohol you have a hydrogen bonded to an 应该是B氢和lys
alcohol you have a hydrogen bonded to an 转移应该是C型氢的
alcohol you have a hydrogen bonded to an oxygen but let's say we run our sample 请注意，我们这里有分开的信号，让我们
oxygen but let's say we run our sample 确保我们了解它们
oxygen but let's say we run our sample pure and dry this means the sample 输入氢，让我们计算一下他的结局
pure and dry this means the sample 值一下他邻家的氢
pure and dry this means the sample molecule is simply by itself in the NMR 是氢B，有两个
molecule is simply by itself in the NMR 他们的终值是两个
molecule is simply by itself in the NMR there's no solvent and no other reagents n加一法则给我们三个
there's no solvent and no other reagents 意味着我们应该期望看到分裂
there's no solvent and no other reagents let's use what we've learned so far in 变成三元组也要注意
let's use what we've learned so far in 峰值接近5 ppm
let's use what we've learned so far in this chapter to figure out what the H 值，稍后我们会看到
this chapter to figure out what the H 这是氢氢的典型
this chapter to figure out what the H NMR spectrum would look like for this 现在让我们对
NMR spectrum would look like for this B型氢他的目的是什么
NMR spectrum would look like for this molecule well let's start right here and 值
molecule well let's start right here and 注意B氢有两个
molecule well let's start right here and call this the a type hydrogen that would 与氢和碳相邻
call this the a type hydrogen that would 氢的，记住，因为这些是
call this the a type hydrogen that would make these right here the B type 化学上不等于n加1
make these right here the B type 规则会因为B氢的作用而失败
make these right here the B type hydrogen's and the methyl hydrogen's 我们应该期望看到他是一个
hydrogen's and the methyl hydrogen's 多重，果然这就是我们
hydrogen's and the methyl hydrogen's would be the C type hydrogen's so that 最后在这里到达C
would be the C type hydrogen's so that 输入氢的含义是什么
would be the C type hydrogen's so that means our sketch right here we should 重视他唯一的邻居是B
means our sketch right here we should 氢类型恰好有两个
means our sketch right here we should expect to see three peaks in our H and M 他们中的一个，所以这里的n加一法则
expect to see three peaks in our H and M 等于三，因此我们应该期待
expect to see three peaks in our H and M are the most shifted one of course 看到他是三胞胎，所以在这里注意
are the most shifted one of course 纯净运行此样品
are the most shifted one of course should be the a hydrogen because these 条件产生了我们所期望的
should be the a hydrogen because these 在1 H NMR上，但这不是
should be the a hydrogen because these are closest to the oxygen then next up 通常情况下，酒精如何在
are closest to the oxygen then next up 如果您还记得需要，可以对大多数酒精进行NMR
are closest to the oxygen then next up should be the B hydrogen's and the lys 溶解在某种溶剂中
should be the B hydrogen's and the lys 并说特定的溶剂
should be the B hydrogen's and the lys shifted should be the C type hydrogen's 碰巧有微量的酸
shifted should be the C type hydrogen's 或基地让我们谈谈会
shifted should be the C type hydrogen's notice we have split signals here let's 如果说有痕迹就会发生
notice we have split signals here let's 我们的溶剂中的碱含量
notice we have split signals here let's make sure we understand them for the a 酒精记得OH氢是
make sure we understand them for the a 略带酸性，所以有可能
make sure we understand them for the a type hydrogen let's calculate his end 碱可能会剥夺氢的
type hydrogen let's calculate his end 酒精，如果他做到了，那么我们结束
type hydrogen let's calculate his end value notice his neighboring hydrogen's 结果与此有关
value notice his neighboring hydrogen's 记住这种酸碱反应
value notice his neighboring hydrogen's are the B hydrogen's and there's two of 是可逆的，这意味着
are the B hydrogen's and there's two of 实际上发生的是，这种反应
are the B hydrogen's and there's two of them so the end value for a is two using 正在来回地来回
them so the end value for a is two using 这就是所谓的质子交换
them so the end value for a is two using the n plus one rule gives us three which 这对我们的H NMR意味着
the n plus one rule gives us three which 注意指向该氧气的箭头
the n plus one rule gives us three which means we should expect to see a split 这是因为质子交换
means we should expect to see a split 氢并不总是会
means we should expect to see a split into a triplet also notice where this 存在于分子上，如果他
into a triplet also notice where this 碰巧不存在，那么我们
into a triplet also notice where this peak is occurring close to the 5 ppm 不应该期望看到分裂
peak is occurring close to the 5 ppm 记住分裂是一个本地事件
peak is occurring close to the 5 ppm value we'll see a little bit later that 你是氢，接近
value we'll see a little bit later that 彼此分裂的另一个氢
value we'll see a little bit later that that's typical for Oh H hydrogen's 发出信号通知您自己的年龄
that's typical for Oh H hydrogen's 拉詹（Rajan）不在场，无法分裂
that's typical for Oh H hydrogen's now let's do our splitting analysis for ch2氢，反之亦然
now let's do our splitting analysis for 实际上，我们在这里学习的是
now let's do our splitting analysis for the B type hydrogen what is his end 看一下H NMR
the B type hydrogen what is his end 样本恰好在痕迹中
the B type hydrogen what is his end value 在这种情况下，酸或碱的量是
value 是我们将得到的1 H NMR
value notice the B hydrogen's have two 注意这里有氢，因为
notice the B hydrogen's have two 他将要穿过一个质子
notice the B hydrogen's have two neighbors the a hydrogen and the C 交流，我们不希望见到他
neighbors the a hydrogen and the C 被氢B分开
neighbors the a hydrogen and the C hydrogen's and remember since these are 这就是为什么我们最终看到一条汗衫
hydrogen's and remember since these are 对于氢型，这是
hydrogen's and remember since these are not chemically equivalent the n plus one 对于B型氢气通知也是如此
not chemically equivalent the n plus one 因为这里有一个机会
not chemically equivalent the n plus one rule will fail for the B hydrogen's so 氢将不会连接到
rule will fail for the B hydrogen's so 氧意味着只有C氢的
rule will fail for the B hydrogen's so we should expect to see him as a 是氢的邻居
we should expect to see him as a 有三个C氢的n加1 3
we should expect to see him as a multiplet and sure enough that's what we 加1在这种情况下将是4
multiplet and sure enough that's what we 期望看到B信号分裂成一个
multiplet and sure enough that's what we got right here lastly here for the C 四重奏
got right here lastly here for the C 再次带回家的消息，我们通常
got right here lastly here for the C type hydrogen's what are their end 不要观察到氢的分裂
type hydrogen's what are their end 连接到氧气或这个
type hydrogen's what are their end values well his only neighbors are the B 对氮是正确的，因为这是
values well his only neighbors are the B 样本运行的典型方式
values well his only neighbors are the B type hydrogen's there happens to be two NMR这就是我们应该怎么做
type hydrogen's there happens to be two 有效地解释NMR
type hydrogen's there happens to be two of them so the n plus one rule here 带有H的分子
of them so the n plus one rule here 现在是O或N
of them so the n plus one rule here equals three therefore we should expect 我想你知道这是
equals three therefore we should expect 这些类型的相对移动
equals three therefore we should expect to see him as a triplet so notice here 氢在这里注意你的图表
to see him as a triplet so notice here 通常是酒精氢的峰值
to see him as a triplet so notice here running this sample in pure in dry 约2至5个胺氢峰
running this sample in pure in dry 大约1,5至4的酰胺氢
running this sample in pure in dry conditions yields what we would expect 5至8和羧酸氢
conditions yields what we would expect 大约10至12的醇氢
conditions yields what we would expect on the H NMR however this is not 胺氢和羧酸
on the H NMR however this is not 氢参与质子交换
on the H NMR however this is not typically how alcohols are run in the 所以这些氢是我们应该
typically how alcohols are run in the 不希望看到分裂
typically how alcohols are run in the NMR most alcohols if you remember need 还有一些我们应该知道的
NMR most alcohols if you remember need 关于这些氢的1 H NMR
NMR most alcohols if you remember need to be dissolved in some kind of solvent 实际信号在这里
to be dissolved in some kind of solvent 氢在1 H NMR上看起来更宽
to be dissolved in some kind of solvent and let's say that particular solvent 这只是意味着它更宽
and let's say that particular solvent 也由于质子交换
and let's say that particular solvent happens to have a trace amount of acid 之所以发生触发，是因为
happens to have a trace amount of acid 质子交换还不够慢
happens to have a trace amount of acid or base let's talk about what would 导致信号明显分离，所以我们
or base let's talk about what would 几乎可以将此信号视为
or base let's talk about what would happen if let's say there were a trace 信号收集
happen if let's say there were a trace 在彼此之上，或者你几乎可以
happen if let's say there were a trace amount of Base in our solvent with our 认为它是信号平均
amount of Base in our solvent with our 这是我们尝试时的助手
amount of Base in our solvent with our alcohol remember O H hydrogen's are 确定结构，因为一个峰
alcohol remember O H hydrogen's are 这样就很明显
alcohol remember O H hydrogen's are slightly acidic so it's possible that a 可能有某种酒精或
slightly acidic so it's possible that a 胺作为您的样品分子
slightly acidic so it's possible that a base could rip off the hydrogen on the 我们在这里学到了要点吗
base could rip off the hydrogen on the 第一没有观察到分裂
base could rip off the hydrogen on the alcohol if he does do that then we end 如果氮或氧上的质子
alcohol if he does do that then we end 样品以痕量
alcohol if he does do that then we end up with this as a result however 酸或碱，这是由于质子
up with this as a result however 交流，我们还看到了第二
up with this as a result however remember this type of acid-base reaction 氮或氢质子的信号
remember this type of acid-base reaction 氧气通常比其他氧气更宽
remember this type of acid-base reaction is reversible which means what's H NMR光谱上的信号
is reversible which means what's 您
is reversible which means what's actually happening is that this reaction