NETFLIX 原创纪录片系列
生命离不开水 There is no life without water.
经济也离不开水 There is no economy without water.
社区也是 There's no community.
它影响着这个星球上 人类生活的方方面面 It cuts across virtually every aspect of human life on this planet.
有人有新想法 包装水 推广水 This is a new idea of somebody's to market water, and package it,
然后从中获取利润 and make a lot of money off it.
谁获益？ Who profits?
瓶装水公司！ Oh, the bottled water companies!
真的是相当便利 It's the ultimate convenience.
（酸碱平衡水）
在你的车子里 冰箱里 It's in your car, in your refrigerator.
（富含天然二氧化碳 天然自来水）
在你孩子的背包里 It's in your kid's backpack.
瓶装水无处不在 Bottled water is everywhere.
瓶装水也不是不好 Bottled water is not a bad thing.
瓶装水可以走哪里带到哪里 尤其是在紧急情况 Bottled water goes everywhere, especially when there's an emergency.
比激浪好 It's better than Mountain Dew.
但是每一个瓶装水 都是从某个地方来的 But every bottle of water must come from somewhere.
人们的井干涸 People's wells dry up,
溪流干涸 鱼类死亡 streams start to dry up, fish start to die,
生态系统逐渐消失 ecosystems start to disappear.
-这是谁的水？ -我们的！ -Whose water is it? -Ours!
（滚出缅因州 别给我上水刑 兄弟）
市场营销的一个阴谋 演化成了全球的风靡 What started as a marketing scheme has exploded into a worldwide obsession.
瓶装水行业从无到有 The bottled water industry has made something out of nothing
几乎是一夜之间 sort of overnight.
通向人道主义危机的大门 And a gateway to humanitarian crisis,
正在拓宽富有与贫穷的鸿沟 widening the gap between the haves and the have-nots.
为什么有一部分人 一小部分人 Why does one group of people, a very small group,
一年用水可以赚到几十亿美金 make billions of dollars a year off of the same water
而其他人连这些水资源都无法获取？ that other people can't even have access?
焦点不在水资源是人类的权利上 The focus is not on water as a human right.
焦点是从水赚钱 The focus is just about making money from water.
人类的未来非常荒凉 The future of the people is very, very bleak.
瓶装水公司 他们的未来很明朗 The bottled water companies, they have a bright future.
（社区帮助中心）
这些车在早上五点开始排队 These vehicles begin lining up at five o'clock in the morning.
他们就在这里等个几个小时 不会离开 They will wait here, without moving, for hours.
对于在车里的人 这样的等待 这条队 也不得不选择 For the people inside them, this wait, this line are not optional.
他们的健康取决于这条队伍 Their health depends on it.
欢迎来到密歇根州弗林特 Welcome to Flint, Michigan.
（弗林特 水工厂）
曾经是美国汽车工业的繁华区 Once a thriving center of the US auto industry,
如今 弗林特在全球出名 却是另一个原因 today, Flint is internationally famous for another reason.
水资源被污染 ...poison in the water.
-弗林特的生命重要 -弗林特的生命重要 Flint lives matter!
2014年四月 In April 2014,
一个老旧的排水系统开始向 城市生活用水 an old and poorly managed piping system began leaching lead
排放铅 into the city water.
政府的缓慢应对行为 A sluggish government response provoked
（社区帮助中心）
激起了公众对水资源供应的质疑 a highly public crisis of confidence in the water supply.
所以弗林特的居民在黎明前来到这里 And so these residents of Flint have come before dawn
去等待他们敢喝的水 to wait for water they are not afraid to drink.
不 我不会喝自来水 绝对不喝 No, I will not drink tap water, period.
我也不会用那个水洗盘子 I don't even like to wash my dishes in it.
我使用过滤器 I use my filter for that too.
在我的水龙头上 That's on the... on my fountain.
（索尼娅哈特 弗林特居民）
我不喜欢使用这水 I don't like to use it,
因为我不知道盘子是否会被污染 'cause I don't know if it's contaminating even the dishes.
早上九点整 水会被运到 At 9:00 a.m. sharp, the water arrives.
是雀巢公司运来的 It comes courtesy of Nestlé.
雀巢水 是瑞士食品大亨的一个分支 Nestlé Waters, a division of the Swiss food giant,
承诺要送出 has promised to give away more than six million bottles
六百万冰山牌瓶装水 of their Ice Mountain brand spring water
来保护弗林特居民的 to protect the health and the peace of mind
健康与一份安宁 of Flint's residents.
早上好 你好吗？ Good morning. How y'all doing?
两个家庭 Two families.
一直到底 All the way to the end.
谢谢你 我好了 Thank you, sir. I got it.
人们不相信这里的水 People do not trust the water.
（卡雷卡路易斯哈雷斯 社区管理者）
当水质可以的时候 我认为他们也不会喝 When the water is okay, I think they still are not going to trust it.
水里有铅 不安全 There's lead in the water. It's not safe.
这个看似非常慈善的举动 This looks like an act of extraordinary generosity,
实际是另有目的 but it could be something else.
你想要多少 女士？ How many would you like, ma'am?
雀巢的批判者们 有很多人 Nestlé's critics, and there are a great many of them,
表示这个公司与其说是提供帮助 say the company is not helping so much as cynically exploiting
更不如说他们在利用一个特别的机会 来宣传他们生意 a unique opportunity to promote their business.
当有资源短缺或危机的时候 情况实际对他们有利 It is to their benefit when there is scarcity or a crisis.
他们并不是在解决问题 They're not solving the problem.
水不仅仅是用来喝的 你需要用其来保持卫生 Water isn't just for drinking. You need it for sanitation.
需要用来洗手、做饭和洗澡 You need it for washing your hands, cooking, and bathing.
期待人们用瓶装水 来解决所有的需要 Expecting people to live off of bottled water
（伊丽莎白努斯鲍默 食品与水健康高级研究员） for all of those needs is...
是不可持续的 unsustainable.
-祝你一天愉快 -你也是 女士 -Have a good day, sir. -You too, ma'am.
我们没能给人类提供安全水 Bottled water is not the answer
瓶装水并不是解决办法 to the failure to provide safe water to our population.
瓶装水行业最近持续在 争论的一点是 So one of the arguments the bottled water industry is increasingly making is
他们不是在和自来水竞争 that they're not competing against tap water,
而是和不健康… that they're competing against unhealthy carbonated soft drinks
（彼得格雷克 《瓶装与兜售》作者）
…含有很多糖分的饮料对抗 with a lot of sugar in them.
这也可能是很大的争论点 如果是真的话 And that's potentially a great argument... if it were true.
但是如果你看看数字 我已经看了 完全不是这么回事 But if you look at the numbers, which I've looked at, it's not true.
事实是瓶装水在替换自来水 What's happening is bottled water is displacing tap water.
有一些臭名昭著的案子 弗林特就是一个 There's a handful of infamous cases, and obviously, Flint is one.
对于拥有三亿人口的国家来说 Flint is a tiny, little town
弗林特是个小镇 in a country of 300 million people
你在这个国家 每天都能喝到饮用水 where you can drink the drinking water every day,
（查尔斯菲什曼 《重度干渴》作者） and it doesn't...
这水不会让你生病 是你能做到最好的事情之一 It not only doesn't make you sick, if it's one of the best things you can do.
但是越来越多的消费者 And yet, more and more,
不再这么做了 consumers simply don't do it.
美国人每年要喝掉158升的瓶装水 Americans now drink 42 gallons of bottled water a year each.
这个行业可以每年赚350亿美金 The business is $35 billion a year.
比电影行业的规模大三倍 It's three times the size of the movie business.
这个产业40年前不存在 And it's a business that didn't exist 40 years ago.
我们购买的 We buy...
瓶装水数量是咖啡的两倍 two times as much bottled water as coffee
是啤酒的十倍 and ten times as much bottled water as beer.
完全是爆炸性的转变 So it's just sort of this incredible explosion and transformation
将一个我们不需要的产品 变成想要的东西 in a completely voluntary product that none of us actually need.
全球来说 我们每年 Worldwide, we drink
喝掉约3700亿升的瓶装水 about 100 billion gallons of bottled water every year.
每八瓶中就有一瓶是美国人消耗的 The US consumes about one bottle in eight.
只有中国喝得更多 Only China drinks more.
当有人拿起一瓶水 When someone picks up a bottle of water,
他们应该想想 “我是不是真的需要这瓶水？” what they should be thinking about is, "Do I really need this?"
但是更深层次的是 他们应该要想想的是 But deeper than that, what they ought to be thinking about is,
“这瓶水来自哪里？” "Where does this water come from?"
对弗林特来说 这很简单 In the case of Flint, that's the easy part.
跟着卡车就好 Just follow the trucks.
冰山矿泉水来自地下 Ice Mountain spring water comes out of the ground
距离弗林特160公里以北的地方 just 100 miles north of Flint.
雀巢以一分钟2600升的速度 将水从地下抽上来 Nestlé pumps it out at a rate of more than 700 gallons a minute.
然后在斯坦伍德这里的工厂装瓶 Then, it puts it in bottles at this plant in Stanwood.
每分钟几千瓶 Thousands of bottles every minute.
也就是说雀巢去年给弗林特 捐助的水 That means all of the water Nestlé is donating to Flint over the last year
是斯坦伍德两天抽取的量 adds up to about two days' worth of output from Stanwood.
雀巢几乎没有花一分钱 And Nestlé paid next to nothing for it.
我爱水 I love water.
我真的很爱 I do. I really do.
（扎卡里扎卡 艾瓦特城镇管理员） So...
所以他们总被指责我感到惋惜 But I feel really bad they're always picked on
看起来他们是坏人似的 and made to look like the bad person.
我个人观点 So, I do have an opinion,
我支持雀巢 and I'm in favor of it... of Nestlé.
（欢迎来到艾瓦特）
从2005年起 Since 2005,
密歇根的艾瓦特就允许雀巢 从镇上的井里提取 Evart, Michigan has allowed Nestlé to pump more than half a billion gallons
超过40亿升的水 out of the town's wells
然后瓶装到冰山的瓶子里 and put it in Ice Mountain bottles.
在那里就是雀巢中转站 Right out there is Nestlé's transfer station,
在那里有可以贮藏 15万升水的筒仓 and there's huge silos that hold 40,000 gallons of water,
那里有两个 and there's two of them over there.
它从北方的不锈钢管道 It comes from the north through stainless steel pipes
运输到这里的中转站 有卡车运出去 to the transfer station, and there's trucks there right now loading up.
他们一直在抽取 And they just keep pumping.
每天都进进出出 They run in and out all day long.
一辆卡车可以装三万八千升水 They haul about 10,000 gallons per truck.
他们送到斯坦伍德的工厂进行瓶装 They transfer it to Stanwood, where it's bottled at their plant.
（所有卡车 寄收入口）
艾瓦特很高兴可以达成这个协议 Evart was delighted to make this deal
因为这个小镇需要钱 because the town needed the cash.
我们是中等偏下水平 We're moderate to low poverty.
平均年收入在这里是 一万九到两万一美金一年 The average income here is anywhere from $19,000 to $21,000 a year.
如果没有从他们那里 It would be a struggle
拿到的收入 我们没办法维持基础设施 to maintain all of our infrastructure without the revenue we receive from them.
雀巢为这份水出的钱 Nestlé pays for this water at the same price paid
和每个月城镇居民的花销一样多 by the town's residents on their monthly bill,
三千八升水是3.6美元 about $3.60 for a 1,000 gallons.
这3.6美元的价值 That $3.60's worth
可以在便利店的货架上 带来七千美元的收入 could bring as much as $7,000 on the convenience store shelf.
雀巢很聪明 知道捡到宝了 Nestlé knows a good thing when they've got one.
他们完全改变了我们的场所 They completely renovated our fairgrounds.
他们建了全新的球场 They put in brand-new ballfields.
这里的高中有最先进的球场 The high school's got beautiful state-of-the-art ballfields.
他们建了基本的球场 They put in elementary ballfields.
他们也会参加原木猛兽比赛 They participate in the Timber Beast.
他们和我们一起清理马斯基根河 They do a Muskegon River cleanup annually with us.
通过4H项目 他们开创了可回收中心 They started a recycling center through the 4-H program.
（艾瓦特）
但是艾瓦特真的赢了瓶装水彩票 But did Evart win the bottled water lottery,
还是他们被骗了？ or are they being played for chumps?
这一直都是他们的运营方式 This has been their model, time and again.
他们给城镇好处 以试图获得城镇居民的同意 They offer benefits to this town to try and get them to agree.
通常是罐装场的50个工作岗位 It's usually in the form of maybe 50 jobs from the bottling plant.
有时候他们也会更新一些基础设施 Sometimes they do some infrastructure updates,
但是他们这么做不是出于好心 but this isn't something they do out of the goodness of their heart.
因为他们必须这么做 才能为瓶装工厂牟利 It's because they need to do this for the bottling plant to succeed.
事实上 为了让这个工厂 最大限度运作 Actually, for this plant to function at its full capacity,
雀巢需要比从艾瓦特得到的水量 还要多四倍 Nestlé needs about four times more water than they're getting from Evart.
为了弥补这个差距 他们用一小部分自己的井水 To fill that gap, they use water from a handful of their own wells,
花的是很少一部分钱 and they pay a lot less for that water.
在密歇根 一个泵的营业执照 一年就是200美金 In Michigan, the licensing fee per pump for a year is $200.
一年200美金 Two hundred dollars a year.
这个资源基本上是免费的 The resource is essentially free.
他们在拿取资源 提取它 瓶装它 再销售 They're taking a resource, pumping it, bottling it, and selling it.
雀巢必须要拿到这个水资源 Nestlé absolutely has to get their hands on that water,
因为公司建造了 because the company has built
一个顶尖的百万生意 a cutting-edge, multi-billion-dollar business,
但是起点只是一个传统 和不靠谱的想法 starting with a very old and very flimsy idea...
从地下来的水有其健康价值 that water from underground has uniquely healthy properties.
（维塔利斯 矿泉水）
在美国、欧洲 In the United States, like in Europe,
最早的瓶装水产地 some of the earliest bottled waters originated
是偏远的水疗圣地 还有泉水 at these rural spas, at these springs
（在卡尔斯巴德治疗和休息）
有时候人们去那里修养度假 that people would sometimes go for health cures, for vacations.
（奥尔良铁路官方指南）
19世纪 水疗建在天然温泉附近 Nineteenth century spas were built around natural springs.
（斯特里汉姆水疗 矿物井）
（萨拉托加泉水 天然矿泉水）
每个泉水都保证有特别的健康矿物质 Each spring promised a unique recipe of healthy minerals
几百年来一直在地下溶解在水里 dissolved into the water from centuries under the ground.
我是觉得有些奇怪 Always struck me as a little odd,
有人认为水不仅可以喝 but there was this idea that the water was not only good to drink,
还可以用来泡 it was good to immerse yourself in it.
我想健康效益有些许不同 I guess the health benefits were somehow slightly different,
但是总归是对你好的 but either way, it was good for you.
（你想要这瓶健康的矿泉水 巴特利特）
（治疗便秘、肠胃、肾及风湿问题）
很多瓶装水都吹捧 自己可以治疗… Many of the early bottled waters touted
（天然矿泉水 库藏卢瓦尔） that they were able to cure this or that disease
…这个或那个疾病 因为矿物质 because of their mineral content.
（最好的法国餐桌水）
这个时期 医药并没有发达到 And this was a time when medicine didn't really know
了解究竟是什么造成的很多疾病 what caused many of our diseases.
病因也被人忽视了 What was causing disease, of course, was ignorance.
世界很多发展城市把废弃的水 The world's growing cities were pouring their sewage
投入到河里 然后再从中饮用 into the same rivers they drank from.
很多人们得的疾病都和水有关 A lot of the diseases people were getting were water-related.
并不是通过空气传播 也不是直接接触传染 They didn't come through the air. They didn't come through contact.
是通过被污染的水 They came from contaminated water.
随着医药科学的进步 As medical science improved,
工程科学、化学和生活科学的发展 the engineering sciences and the chemical and biological sciences also developed,
我们学会如何净化水 and we learned how to purify water.
（每十万人死亡的重要原因）
在公共健康上最重要的转变 The most important revolution in public health,
在历史上来说 in the history of the planet,
就是加入一点点的氯在水里 was the discovery that you could add just a little bit of chlorine to water
可以让水从危险变为安全 and turn it from dangerous to completely safe.
1908年 新泽西成为全美 In 1908, Jersey City, New Jersey
第一个在公共水源里加入氯的城市 became the first city in the US to add chlorine to municipal water.
其他美国城市接连效仿 Other American cities quickly followed.
对瓶装水的需求消失了 The need for bottled water disappeared.
一个接一个的瓶装水公司倒闭 One by one, the old bottlers closed.
瓶装水变为缝隙产业 Bottled water became a niche business.
直到一个有名的美国电影人 改变了一切 Until a giant of American cinema changed everything.
巴黎水的第一个广告 是由奥森威尔斯制作的 The first ads for Perrier were done by Orson Welles,
仅仅用的是他的声音 你都不用见到他的影子 just his voice. You didn't even need to see him.
在法国南部的平原深部 Deep below the plains of Southern France,
在几百万年前就开始的神秘运作 in a mysterious process begun millions of years ago,
自然本身将一个泉水的冰水 碳酸化 形成了巴黎水 Nature herself carbonates the icy waters of a single spring, Perrier.
（来自法国的巴黎水 天然气泡矿泉水）
巴黎水在法国有一百年多的历史 Perrier, which had kind of loped along for more than 100 years in France,
想要进入美国市场 因为这里有庞大的消费者 wanted to break into the US market, which was a huge consumer market.
比法国大得多 Much bigger than France, for instance.
（来自为你提供食物的人们） Perrier wasn't water.
巴黎水并不是水
是一种饮料 It was a beverage.
（地球的第一份软饮）
通过不断的广告投放 Through relentless advertising,
巴黎水将自我定位为健康的 Perrier portrayed their spring water as healthy,
完美的饮品 完全符合 新时代的健康需求 the perfect drink for a new, healthy age.
1976年 美国销售了三百万瓶巴黎水 In 1976, Perrier sold three million bottles of water in the US.
1979年卖掉了两亿瓶巴黎水 In 1979, they sold 200 million.
巴黎水一跃成为 美国的受欢迎矿泉水品牌 Perrier snapped up popular brands of American spring water.
（天然矿泉水）
波兰泉水在东北部 Poland Spring in the Northeast,
箭头牌在美国的西南部 Arrowhead in the southwestern part of the US,
鹿园、泽弗希尔斯 Deer Park, Zephyrhills.
巴黎水被雀巢买了 And then Perrier was itself snapped up by Nestlé.
但是矿泉水的霸权地位 是魔鬼的讨价还价 But spring water supremacy was a devil's bargain.
需求不是问题 Demand was no problem.
供应才是问题 The trouble was supply.
雀巢需要给这些矿泉水品牌 提供很多的原产品 Nestlé needed raw product for its spring water brands, a lot of product.
对瓶装矿泉水的需求量增加 The explosive growth of bottled water
开始给这些天然泉水 增加了越来越多的负担 started to put more and more pressure on these natural springs
它们作为高价值水资源卖给大众 that were sold to the public as high quality sources of water.
并不是所有的水资源都是平等的 But not all water is created equal.
只有十亿分之一的水资源 是在地底被自然净化的 Only one billionth of one percent is filtered naturally beneath the Earth
而且还有丰富的矿物质 with a distinct balance of minerals
才能被称作波兰泉水 to be called Poland Spring...
箭头、泽弗希尔斯、奥匝卡、冰山 Arrowhead, Zephyrhills, Ozarka, Ice Mountain, Deer Park...
鹿园 百分百都是矿泉水 100% natural spring water.
为了保持销售高质量矿泉水 In order to keep selling premium spring water,
瓶装水产业需要寻找新的水源 the bottled water industry had to find new sources.
需要寻找新的泉眼 They had to find new springs, but the truth is
但是事实是 自然的泉水 通常不会有那么多 that naturally flowing springs typically aren't very large in volume.
他们的流量没有大到 They were not large enough
可以符合大众对矿泉水的需求 to feed the massive growth in demand for spring water.
雀巢和它的子公司想到了 一个独到的点子 Nestlé and its fellow bottlers found an ingenious solution.
生活用水在美国由 国家环境保护局管理 Municipal water in the US is regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency,
但是瓶装水是由联邦级别的 but bottled water is controlled at the federal level
美国食品药品监督管理局管控 by the Food and Drug Administration.
所以瓶装水公司游说 美国食品药品监督管理局 So, the water bottlers lobbied the FDA
制定一个对他们有利的矿泉水定义 to codify a very helpful definition of spring water.
从1996年开始 雀巢和其他瓶装水公司 Ever since 1996, Nestlé or any other bottled water company
可以售卖所谓的矿泉水 但其水源不一定来自真正的泉水 can sell so-called spring water without getting it straight from an actual spring.
（天然矿泉水）
他们可以凿开地下含水层 They can just drill straight into an underground aquifer,
只要这里连接着某处泉水 任何泉水即可 so long as it's connected, somewhere, to a spring, any spring.
地下水的问题是 The trick with groundwater is
如果你取水的速度 比自然恢复的速度要快 if you pump it out faster than nature naturally recharges it,
地下水的水位会降低 groundwater levels drop.
就好像一个浴缸 如果下水比注水快 It's like a bathtub. If the the drain is bigger than the faucet going in,
浴缸的水位就会降低 the bathtub level drops.
我们看着水井干涸 We're seeing wells dry up.
看到由地下水流系统支持的溪流干涸 We're seeing streams that are fed by groundwater systems dry up,
生态系统被破坏 and ecosystems be devastated.
（加拿大拒绝雀巢水） Streams should run free!
雀巢水对于瓶装水工厂的建议 Nestlé's proposals for bottled water plants saw
有越来越多的民众开始反对 greater and greater public opposition.
这致使雀巢去其他地方 寻找可以建厂的地方 Say no to Nestlé. And that forced Nestlé to find places
（干净的水源是人类的权利） where they could build a plant,
可以得到大量的地下水资源 where they could access large quantities of groundwater,
也不会有太多公众反对 and where there would be a little less public opposition.
（水是生命之源 并非金钱之源）
不确定那样的地方是否会存在 It's not at all clear that any such place exists.
是谁的水？ Whose water is it?
我们的！ Ours!
是谁的水？ Whose water is it?
我们的！ Ours!
雀巢在康涅狄格州被控诉 Nestlé has been sued in Connecticut
（停止贪婪、专治、窃取）
由于波兰泉水市场营销的真实性 over the truthfulness of Poland Spring marketing.
在加州 环境学家在控诉联邦政府 In California, environmentalists sued the federal government
让其停止雀巢继续用 过期的资格证提取水源 to stop Nestlé from pumping with an expired permit.
资格证之后才被更新 The permit was then renewed.
雀巢在密歇根州西部被控诉 And Nestlé is being sued in western Michigan
因为当地居民非常憎恶他们 by residents who hate the idea
用大量的密歇根州水 that Nestlé is making off with billions of gallons of Michigan water
销往各处来赚取高额利润 and selling it anywhere they like at a huge profit.
这里是最好的停车地方 This is about as good a cross as any.
吉姆姆特伦是个退休的警察 Jim Maturen is a retired policeman.
约翰麦克莱恩的工作是土地测量师 John McClane made a career as a land surveyor.
他们现在是密歇根居民 水资源保护组织的领导者 Today, they are leaders of Michigan Citizens for Water Conservation.
真正的密歇根人 Real Michigan.
这座山？假的广告 This mountain? False advertising.
你永远不会在密歇根找到一处雪山 You won't ever find a mountain of ice in Michigan.
这两位是冲在 雀巢和当地居民战争中间 These two are the front-line troops
最前线的人 in the never ending war between citizens and Nestlé.
我让你领路 I'll let you lead the way there.
雪山不是在密歇根 Ice Mountain didn't start in Michigan.
这座泉水的源头是缅因州 The original source of the spring was in Maine.
然后雀巢在宾夕法尼亚州的 Then, Nestlé pumped Ice Mountain
艾伦镇附近提取井水 out of wells drilled near Allentown, Pennsylvania.
1999年 雀巢试着把他们的水泵 移到威斯康辛州 In 1999, Nestlé tried to move their pumps again, to Wisconsin.
一如既往 他们这么做 引来了很多关注 As usual, the push to drill attracted plenty of attention.
巴黎水公司或是其他发展的公司 The Perrier Group, or any other development company,
必须要证明 is gonna have to prove
这么做不会以环境为代价 that the proposed use is not gonna compromise the environment
或是威胁到水资源 or endanger our water resources.
如果他们可以做到 And if they do that,
欢迎来到沃什拉县 uh, welcome to Waushara County.
但是雀巢在威斯康辛州也被控诉 But Nestlé was sued in Wisconsin, too.
（鳟鱼规定）
随着反对者呼声越来越高 As their opponents gathered momentum,
雀巢放弃威斯康辛州 寻找别的地方 Nestlé gave up on Wisconsin and looked elsewhere.
我认为他们是看到了茶叶 所以来密歇根州确认水源 I think they saw the tea leaves and so came to Michigan to identify a source of water
看是否满足他们的运作 that might be sufficient for their operation.
是一个明智之举 It was a smart move.
几百万年的地质变化 使得密歇根州 Millions of years of geologic change have made Michigan the epicenter
成为北美淡水资源中心 of fresh water in North America.
雀巢就驻扎在了圣殿泉 Nestlé settled on a site called Sanctuary Springs.
他们申请从地下每天 They filed applications to pump about half a million gallons
抽取190万升水 out of the ground every day.
他们知道会遇到争议 The company anticipated controversy.
雀巢在全州奔走 Nestlé had gone around the state
总结了一份非常完美的报告 and had developed a very nice, glossy report
和全州的很多团体分享 that they shared with lots of groups,
还有环境团体 公共利益团体 environmental groups, public interest groups all over the state.
那份报告基本上是说 “你不用担心 And the report basically said, "You really don't have to worry.
这会带来工作 经济 还有税收 This is jobs, economy, tax base.
我们提取水源不会伤害任何人” We're not taking enough water to hurt anybody."
吉姆奥尔森是特拉弗斯城的公益律师 Jim Olson is a public-interest lawyer in Traverse City.
2000年 密歇根居民水资源保护组织 In 2000, Michigan Citizens for Water Conservation,
不相信雀巢的报告 unpersuaded by Nestlé's assurances,
雇佣了奥尔森来对抗这个喝水巨人 hired Olson to stand up to the thirsty giant.
我这些年来代表了很多机构 I've represented lots of organizations over the years.
压力非常大 迈出那一步的压力很大 The pressure is right here in the throat. The anxiety of making that step is huge.
尤其是 你要知道 Particularly with a, you know...
一边是一个巨大的公司 On the one side, a massive company
相对来说没有经济限制 that has no financial limits, comparatively.
公司可以提出动议 做任何他们想做的事情 Well, companies can file motions and do what they want to do,
每个案子有自己的寿命 and it has a life of its own.
这个案子已经八、九年了 This one happened to have a life of eight or nine years.
雀巢的律师很多时候 都是花时间在法庭上 Nestlé lawyers spend a lot of time in courtrooms.
2016年 雀巢面临指控 Since 2016, Nestlé has faced accusations
在非洲的巧克力产业 使用奴隶劳工 of slave labor in their African chocolate business
还有在宠物食品行业 and in their pet food business.
在印度 他们在打官司 They fought a lawsuit claiming that there's lead
被控面条里有铅成分 in the noodles they make in India
他们还被控诉 在美国制作的婴儿奶粉包装上 and another claiming that there are lies on the labels
有不实信息 of the baby formula they make in the US.
这都不算关于水的官司 And that's not counting all the water lawsuits.
你准备好了吗？ You ready?
但是奥尔森的争论是非常直接的 But Olson's argument was straightforward.
雀巢对于他们对水资源的影响 轻描淡写 That Nestlé was downplaying the impact of their pumping,
他们的瓶装水生意在掏空 and that their bottling would significantly deplete
当地的水资源 local water resources.
-我们失去了28厘米的水 -是啊 -We lost about 14 inches of water. -Yeah. Yeah.
是啊 当一个人在超市买瓶装水的时候 When a person buys a bottled water in the grocery store,
当他们看到包装上的“矿泉水” when they see "spring water" on that bottle, as opposed to not,
他们实际上在喝的是 they're drinking water that comes from a spring
形成一个湖泊或溪流的水 每喝一小口水 that forms a lake or stream. So every time they take a sip,
他们都是在掏空这口水所属于的 they're depriving that lake or stream
那个湖或者溪水 of the water that it would have been entitled to.
奥尔森赢了 Olson won.
法官停止了雀巢的水泵 The judge in the case shut down Nestlé's pumps.
然后雀巢就搬到了艾瓦特 And that's when Nestlé moved on to Evart
开始从镇上的井里买水 and began buying water from the town's wells.
现在 这个公司干嘛要卖矿泉水？ Now, why does a company even sell spring water?
这是个市场卖点 和任何事都没关系 It's a marketing niche. It has nothing to do with anything else.
这是个市场卖点 It's a marketing niche,
这么做的公司 相信他们的水可以卖的更多 and I think companies that do that believe that they can sell their water for more.
（冰山天然矿泉水）
奥尔森的胜利只是暂时的 Olson's victory was temporary.
雀巢的律师让水龙头再次打开 Nestlé's lawyers got the taps turned on again
这次是在圣殿湖 比原来的取水量减掉一半 at Sanctuary Springs at half of their original volume.
为了保险起见 So just to hedge their bets,
他们启动了艾瓦特附近的资源 从那里也提取水源 Nestlé activated a well near Evart and started pumping there, too.
在西北部 To the northwest,
雀巢从自己的水资源 获取矿泉水 that's where Nestlé acquires the water from their own property.
他们从这里取水 因为这里是泉水所在的地方 They tap water from this site because this is where the springs are.
（约翰麦克莱恩 活动家）
他们为了这么做 拿到了使用权 They have a use permit in order to do that.
这里完美适合攫取 60米深的地下水 So, it's perfectly situated by virtue of being drilled 196 feet deep.
现在雀巢更加贪心 And now, Nestlé wants more.
这里的取水量 It has applied to nearly double
几乎是两倍之多 the extraction of water from the ground here.
再一次 So once again,
密歇根居民水资源保护组织 控诉要阻止他们 Michigan Citizens for Water Conservation have sued to stop them.
吉姆姆特伦和约翰麦克莱恩 一起工作 And Jim Maturen and John McClane are working to demonstrate
证明雀巢的提取对分水线 已经造成了破坏 that this pumping has already harmed the watershed,
提高取水量只会更糟糕 and turning up the tap will only be worse.
这里是齐佩瓦溪流的源头 This is the headwaters of Chippewa Creek right here.
看到那边的苔藓了吗？ You see some of that moss lying there?
看到那边裸露的树根？ You see those exposed roots there?
水位线本应该要比那里高的 That water would have been above that point.
可能在过去15年内是这样 Probably in the last 15 years or so.
这些特别兴趣小组 他们并不是科学家 These special interest groups, they're not scientists.
他们不明白 They don't understand really.
他们只看到水位的上升和下降 They just see the levels come up and go down in the creeks and stuff,
他们就是用那个作为例子 说溪水在紧缩 and they always use that as an example where the creeks are shrinking.
几乎没有真实的数据 几乎没有真实的科学 There's very little actual data. There's very little actual science.
一方面 你有雀巢给你提供很多数据 On the one side, you have Nestlé, all of whose data, you know,
可以很神奇地显示没有影响 magically shows that they are having no impact.
当然是他们自己的研究 That comes from their own studies.
另一方面 你时常有 And on the other side,
社区活跃分子 在这里居住了50年的居民 you often have community members who've been there 50 years
非常确信 提取水会对溪流有影响 and absolutely are certain that that pumping is damaging the streams
那些溪流是他们从小看到大的 that they've, you know, been watching since they were children.
只有这么多水了 Well, there's that much water.
雀巢公司没有派代表 来参与拍摄这部纪录片 Nestlé did not make a representative available to appear in this documentary.
取而代之的是 他们提供一个 关于所有问题的回答 Instead, they provided a statement answering written questions.
公司的这份声明表示 若没有保护水资源 The company's statement asserted that investing in the Michigan operation
就在密歇根州投资运作的话 without safeguarding the water resource would, quote,
是“贬低了我们公司的成功 "undermine the success of our business
也与公司持有的做人做事的理念背道而驰” and go against every value we hold as people and as a company."
2019年五月 雀巢宣布 And in May 2019, Nestlé announced
美国地质调查一直在监控 that the US Geologic Survey is monitoring water levels
齐佩瓦和双子湖的水位 in Chippewa Creek and Twin Creek.
是由密歇根环境河流资源部门 Technically, the effort is coordinated
协调完成的 by the Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy.
但是雀巢 这个希望第三方数据 可以客观平息公众的反对的公司 But Nestlé, which hopes that objective third-party data
却在为这个报告买单 will calm public opposition, is paying.
要知道这很难 当所有人都来找你麻烦 You know, it's hard when everybody comes after you.
你会总是很丢脸 因为为自己辩解很难 You can't always throw your face out there 'cause it's always hard to defend yourself
尤其是各方面都做的很完美的时候 他们是保守主义者 when you're doing everything perfect. They are conservationists.
相信我 他们想要这份水资源 Trust me. They want this water,
他们和我们一样 希望这份水资源可以长寿 and they want it to last as long as we want it to last.
他们为什么在当地社区 投资百万美金之后 Why would they want to dry up when they invested million dollar-
希望水资源消耗殆尽呢？ millions of dollars in this community?
所以 他们知道自己在做什么 So, they know what they're doing.
我个人是这么认为的 I personally believe that.
但是… But...
他们总是被批评 这不公平 they're always picked on, and it's not fair.
如今 雀巢的水泵每天从 密歇根的水井里 Today, Nestlé pumps 1.1 million gallons of water
抽取400万升的水 from its Michigan wells every day.
尽管有各种官司和抗议 In spite of every lawsuit and protest,
2005年起 雀巢已经提取了110亿升水 since 2005, Nestlé has pumped more than three billion gallons.
以零售价来说 那就相当于是两百亿美金 At retail prices, that can be worth as much as $20 billion on the shelf.
如今 雀巢掌控了将近三分之一的 美国瓶装水市场 Today, Nestlé controls nearly a third of the US bottled water market.
谁拥有这份水资源？ Who owns this water?
某人新奇的观点就是 推广水 包装水 This is a new idea of somebody's to market water, and package it,
然后从中获利 and make a lot of money off it.
但是水是公用的资源 But it's all public water.
你怎么可以提取一部分的水资源 像是地下水 And how can you take a segment of water, like groundwater, this part of an arc,
让一些人放到瓶子里 然后称作是自己私有的产品？ and let somebody put it into a bottle and call it their own?
然后还赚着几十亿美金 通过销售这些瓶装水 And they make billions of dollars off the selling of the bottle of water,
而其他人一无所有 and these people get nothing.
这份矿泉水生意 The spring water business,
19世纪关于健康和养生的迷思 and its 19th century myth about health and wellness,
开始了人们对瓶装水的沉迷 started the bottled water craze.
但是这只是开始 But it was only the beginning.
20世纪90年代 瓶装水 找到了新的盈利方式 In the 1990s, bottlers found a new way to profit off of water
完全不需要提取水 without all the hassle of drilling for it.
（饮用水 纯净水? 美国药典）
他们称之为纯净水 They called it purified water.
百事先这么做 然后是可口可乐公司 Pepsi first, and then Coke,
（可口可乐装瓶公司中西部） 他们把整个国家都变成瓶装工厂 they had the entire country covered by bottling plants.
他们使用大量的水资源 They used enormous amounts of water.
可口可乐公司 百事公司 百分之95 百分之93的水 Coca-Cola, Pepsi-Cola, 95, 93% water.
他们所要做的就是发现美国人 And all they had to do was figure out whether Americans would drink
是否会喝一种品牌水 a branded version of water
而这个品牌不是“矿泉水” that wasn't quote-unquote "spring water."
纯水乐是百事公司的 Aquafina is owned by Pepsi.
Dasani是可口可乐公司 Dasani is owned by Coca-Cola.
这两个品牌就包含了百分之20 Together, those two are about 20%,
比百分之20多一些的 全美瓶装水生意 20, little more than 20% of all the bottled water in America.
纯水乐和Dasani是自来水 Aquafina and Dasani are tap water.
可口可乐和百事做的是 And what Coke and Pepsi do is they take water
把已经是干净的饮用水取来 that is already clean, safe drinking water,
通过逆渗透 and they run it through reverse osmosis
去除掉水里的所有东西 to get literally everything that's in the water
这些操作是在奥斯丁 辛辛那提 西雅图 或者奥兰多进行 in Austin, or Cincinnati, or Seattle, or Orlando out of it.
然后加进一些配方 And then they add back in a little recipe,
一小袋矿物质 a little envelope of minerals,
因为完全的纯净水 because totally pure water, distilled water,
蒸馏水 味道并不好喝 really tastes unappealing.
（纯净饮用水）
所以如果你在西礁岛 购买Dasani瓶装水 That's also why if you buy a bottle of Dasani in Key West,
和在芝加哥买的是一样的味道 or you buy a bottle of Dasani in Chicago, they taste exactly the same.
相当于把水快餐化 It's sort of the McDonald's hamburgerization of water.
他们把公用的净化水 They're taking water purified in a public system.
变成了商品 They're turning it into a commercial product.
相当于是把公共资源变为私有产品 It's turning a public resource into a private good.
瓶装水比自来水贵多了 Bottled water is ridiculously expensive compared to tap water,
我们所生活的国家 and it is remarkable that we live in a country
每天厕所水的水质相比 where our toilets have better quality water,
世界三分之一国家的水质都要好 真的是非常棒 literally, than the water that about a third or more of the world has access to every day.
如今 那些三分之一的 水资源贫乏地区 Today, that water-starved third of the planet
才是真正赚钱的地方 is where the serious money is.
由于纯净水的成功 Thanks to the success of purified water,
大部分的瓶装水销量 现在进入了发展中国家 a majority of bottled water sales now happen in the developing world.
当你无法获取卫生的饮用水时 When you don't have access to safe water,
当政府无法满足基本的水资源安全 when governments have failed to meet basic needs for water,
瓶装水产业闪亮登场 the bottled water industry has stepped in.
所以我们会看到 And so we see
在世界贫穷地区无处不在的瓶装水 almost ubiquitous bottled water in the poorest parts of the world,
而这些地方甚至买不起瓶装水 where the poorer communities can't buy bottled water.
这样商品化水资源 This productized world of water doesn't do anything
并不能真正帮助需要水的人 to get water to people in the world who desperately need it.
尼日利亚的水资源比其他 非洲国家都要好 Nigeria has better water resources than many African countries,
有很多地表水和地下水 plenty of surface water and substantial aquifers,
但是这个国家正在经历 巨大的水资源危机 and yet the country is struggling with a massive water crisis.
拉各斯是非洲最大的城市 Lagos is the largest city in Africa,
约有2100万人口 with an estimated population of 21 million people.
1900万人口没有公共水资源享用 Nineteen million have no access to government or municipal water.
这个程度的人道主义危机 是西方人无法想象的 It is a humanitarian crisis on a scale most westerners can barely imagine.
现如今 在尼日利亚的 高级瓶装水销量 And today, sales of high-quality, premium bottled water in Nigeria
可以达到每年60亿美金 exceed $6 billion a year.
拉各斯的饮水问题相当严重 The drinking water situation in Lagos is one of the major disasters.
该有水的地方没有水 Water doesn't run when it should,
即使有水了 也不够卫生 无法饮用 and even when it runs,
（菲利普查格波 尼日利亚地球之友项目官员） the water is not that clean or safe to drink.
在欧久度 我们没有任何水 We don't have water for use in Ojodu at all, at all, no water.
-我们在受苦 -也没有政府送来的水 We are suffering here.
没有政府的水 完全没有任何水 No government water here at all. No government water.
我的发廊在那里 只有在这个地方 我能买水 My salon is there. It's only this place, I buy water.
-每天都是 -如果这里没水 If there's no water for here,
欧久度哪里都没有水 no water for Ojodu everywhere.
公共自来水资源向城市大部分提供水 一直到20世纪90年代 A system of public taps delivered water to much of the city until the 1990s,
但是拉各斯的人口膨胀 水资源系统却被忽视了 but as Lagos's population exploded, the water system was neglected.
很多人不相信水资源的原因之一 One of the reasons why the people don't trust the water, also,
是因为大部分的水管道都是 经过排水沟 is because most of the pipes go through the gutter.
如她所说 这根管道20年前就坏掉了 And like she has said, this pipe was broken 20 years ago.
-20年 自从2000年开始 -他们还没有来修复 -20 years, since 2000. -They have not come to fix it.
他们已经抱怨过了 They have complained. They've complained.
20年来都没有使用了 是的 It's not used since 20 years ago, yes.
根据联合国 According to the United Nations,
一个四口之家 每天要使用 189升水 a family of four needs about 50 gallons a day
用来饮用、做饭、洗澡和清洁 to drink, cook, bathe, and clean.
很多拉各斯人根本达不到这个数量 Most Lagosians get nowhere close to that amount.
一些幸运的人可以拿到水 只要邻居够慷慨 Some lucky ones get what water they can from a generous neighbor.
你需要洗东西 洗澡 还有很多想做的事情 You need to do washing. You need to bathe. You want to do so many things.
任何要清洁的方面 都需要水 Anything you want to do for cleanliness, you need water,
（博森阿德寇亚 拉各斯居民）
这里没有任何水 and there's none, none at all.
早上好 Morning.
博森阿德寇亚 比大部分拉各斯人富有很多 Bosun Adekoya is far wealthier than most of his fellow Lagosians.
他是投资银行家 He's an investment banker,
是尼日利亚股票经纪人有限公司 执行主席 the managing director of Nigerian Stock Brokers Limited.
但是政府也没有给他可用水 But the government doesn't give him water either.
阿德寇亚在他自己的土地上钻井 Adekoya drilled under his own property
直到达到了几十米深的地下水 until he broke into an aquifer hundreds of feet below the city.
在尼日利亚的拉各斯 有庞大的水资源 There is a mass gap of water supply in Lagos, Nigeria.
我从1999年就在这里住 I have been in this neighborhood since 1999.
我挖了个深井 I sunk a deep borehole,
给我自己使用 of course for my use.
这就是水来源的那口井 This is the borehole where this water comes from.
比他需要的提供的还要多 With more water than he needs,
对于他的邻居来说 他就是一个人的水利局 he's a one-man water department for his neighbors.
人们从我的房子取水 People are collecting water from my house.
这很必要 It became necessary because of the gap,
人们需要饮用水来喝 uh, this need for people who have potable water to drink.
但是这个系统是有风险的 But these ad hoc systems come with risks.
水没有被测试过 The water is untested.
分析表示拉各斯的地下水是被污染的 Analysis has shown that the water underneath Lagos is contaminated
里面有废金属和人类废弃物 with toxic metals and human waste.
这个城市的垃圾场 正在向这里的地下水 The city's vast waste dump sites are leeching poisons
渗透有害物质 into the underground water.
在戈嘎达区这里 In the Gbagada quarter,
这个水龙头被当地居民 用来获取饮用水 this tap was eagerly used by residents for drinking water
直到他们开始生病 until they began to fall ill.
第一次喝这个水 The first time we drink this water,
我们都生病了 we fell sick
（费服阿楚 拉各斯居民）
因为水非常不好 because of the water is not, is not good.
我那时候很虚弱 I was weak.
我甚至去不了学校 I can't even go to school.
我很害怕 担心死掉 I was scared, maybe I would die.
但是是上帝的力量 But it was the power of God
还有医生帮助我恢复健康 and the doctor that helped me regain again.
现在好了 大家都开心 It is better, and all of us are happier.
我们都被治愈了 我们可以出去玩 We are healed again. We can play outside.
未经测试的水井 是很多没有水资源的贫穷人的来源 Still, untested boreholes are the source for many of the city's waterless poor.
水推车商贩从水井主人那里购买 Pushcart vendors buy from borehole owners,
然后用油桶全天候 将水运到城里各个地方 then move the water through the city from dawn till dusk in jerricans.
拿你的水 付我钱 Just fetch your water, pay me my money,
然后离开 去卖吧 and go away. Go sell it.
这些人带着推车到处移动 You have these men moving with carts.
在推车上的就是水 In those carts, you have gallons of water.
所以 人们都从那里买水 So, people buy from them.
如果从这些推车上买水 If they buy it from these carts,
那一个家庭的水钱是一个月50美金 a family's basic ration will cost $50 a month,
对于一个大部分人每天花费两美金 的国家来说 这是个重担 a hefty burden when most of the country lives on two dollars a day.
在手推商贩之下 还有一个销售将近四千种塑料瓶 Below the pushcarts, there's a chaotic market of nearly 4,000 different outfits
以及俗称小袋的混乱市场 hawking plastic bottles or bags known as sachets.
这个无情变幻莫测的水市场 This ruthless, swirling marketplace for water presented
代表了昭然若揭的生意机会 an all-too-obvious business opportunity.
这里的市场分化成两级 It's created a dual market.
一个是… It's created a...
富人可以买到卫生用水 a market where the rich buy safe water,
一个是穷人喝污染的水而生病 and the poor drink contaminated water and get sick.
瓶装水公司 There's no doubt that bottled water companies are profiting
利用政府没有满足 基本用水卫生和安全这点来获利 from the failure of governments to meet basic needs
毋庸置疑 for safe water and sanitation.
这使得大批人 And that leaves out the vast numbers of people
没办法负担饮用水 也永远无法负担 who can never afford and will never be able to afford
购买瓶装水 to buy bottled water.
在这里的豪华瓶装水 Sales of premium bottled water here
在过去十年里 每年销量上升了百分之七 have climbed seven percent a year for the last ten years.
这些销售巨头是 可口可乐、百事还有雀巢 Sitting at the top of the market are Coca-Cola, Pepsi, and Nestlé.
对于普通尼日利亚人来说 For the average Nigerian,
买一瓶这样的水要花掉半天的工资 a single bottle of this kind of water costs about a half a day's pay.
（纯水乐）
也就是说 大部分是有钱人 饮用这些水 That means it's mostly drunk by the wealthy
还有尼日利亚日渐增加的中产阶级 and Nigeria's swiftly expanding middle class.
很多人 如果可以负担得起 会买瓶装水 More and more people, they can afford the bottled water, which they trust.
会把冰箱放满水 他们储藏水 Their fridges are stocked, they store them,
这是个大生意 so it's this big business.
雀巢2005年在拉各斯建立了 它第一个工厂 Nestlé built its first plant in Nigeria near Lagos in 2005.
他们利用反渗透净化水 和Dasani还有纯水乐一样的程序 It uses reverse osmosis, the same process that purifies Dasani and Aquafina.
雀巢霸占了美国 Nestlé has dominated what we call the spring water market
矿泉水市场 in the United States,
但是雀巢有一款非矿泉水品牌 but Nestlé also has a processed, non-spring water brand
他们称为优活品牌 that they call Pure Life,
大批销往发展中国家 largely created for the developing world,
一些没有可用安全水的大城市 to try and standardize and capture the market for bottled water
尝试统一化和获得瓶装水市场 in places where safe water typically isn't available in some of the biggest cities.
优活是全球销量第一的瓶装水品牌 Pure Life is the best selling brand of bottled water in the world,
帮助雀巢占取了十分之一的 全球水市场 helping Nestlé claim 10% of the global bottled water market.
在尼日利亚的初次登场非常成功 The rollout in Nigeria was so successful
2016年 雀巢又建了第二座工厂 that in 2016, Nestlé built a second plant
沿着首都城市阿布贾的高速而建 along the highway that feeds the capital city, Abuja.
他们的选址就在贫困的村庄 曼德莱季 Their chosen site happened to be the impoverished village of Manderegi.
（尼日利亚曼德莱季社区）
你来参观的这个地方 由我的曾祖父建立 This place that you've come to visit was first settled in by my great grandfather.
是打猎让他来到这里 It was hunting that brought him here
然后有了我们的祖父 然后就是我们 until he had our grandfather, and then we were born.
阿哈吉嘎巴是曼德莱季的酋长 Alhaji Garba is the chief of Manderegi.
2016年 嘎巴所居住的地方 就是尼日利亚农村的很好写照 In 2016, the village Garba presides over was a perfect snapshot of rural Nigeria.
女人和孩子们一如既往地 Women and children collected water where they always had,
在村子东面的泥河里收集水 a muddy river running along the eastern boundary of the village.
他们把水放到盆子里 可以重到70斤 They carried it home in basins weighing as much as 80 pounds each.
想象一下一天要花一个小时去收集水 Imagine having to spend an hour a day just getting your water.
真的是很浪费人力和时间 What a waste of human effort and, and, and, and time!
简直是浪费生命 对吗？ And, I mean, what a waste of your life, right?
这时候 雀巢来了 Then, Nestlé came.
他们给我们看了政府文件 They showed us the government paper
表示这片土地归他们所有 that shows the land belongs to them,
他们买了这片土地 that they've bought the land.
所以我们去那里 雀巢也作出承诺 So, we went there, and Nestlé made promises.
他们只是口头承诺 They were making verbal promises.
并没有白纸黑字 It wasn't on paper.
（阿哈吉嘎巴 曼德莱季酋长）
但是去那里的人都同意了 But the people that went there agreed.
他们说如果可以拿到需要的水 They said if they're able to get the water they need,
他们愿意给我们需要的东西 they'll give us anything we need.
他们说如果可以拿到需要的水 They said if they're able to get the water they need,
他们可以给我们饮用水 they'll give us water to drink.
学校 他们可以修 School; they will repair our schools.
七、八、九、十 Seven, eight, nine, ten.
一件事可以肯定 One thing was for sure.
这些村民负担不起优活水 These villagers would not be able to afford the bottles of Pure Life
即使是从他们地下汲取的 that would be pumped from underneath them.
所以雀巢做了个公众承诺 So Nestlé made another very public promise.
其中一个重要的行动就是提供给村民 One of the key initiatives we're working on
（雀巢视频）
免费卫生的饮用水 is to provide the villagers with access to free, safe drinking water,
这个项目 我们下个月要推行的 雀巢水喷泉项目 and this project, with the Nestlé water fountains that we launch next month,
应该给一千多个村民 should provide access to clean, fresh, safe drinking water
提供干净、新鲜、卫生的饮用水 to over 1,000 villagers.
也许是真的 但是曼德莱季有两千村民 That may be true, but Manderegi is home to 2,000 villagers.
自来水在2016年建好 The taps were completed in 2016.
他们并没有给我们水 They didn't give us water.
他们在门口守着水 说要服务社区 They kept the water by the gate and said they've served the community.
看看水在哪里 Look at where the water is.
工厂离村庄的距离 是河流离村庄距离的四倍 The plant is four times the distance from the village that the river is.
所以每天要花四倍的时间去取水 So walking to the taps quadruples the time spent collecting water every day.
只有不到一半甚至四分之一的人 去取雀巢的水 Not even half or a quarter take the Nestlé water.
所有人还是去河边取水 因为离着近 All the people are going to the river because it is nearer.
我醒了之后 就去河那里 (Esther Hussaini When I wake up, I head to the river.
回来之后 扫地 When I'm back, I sweep,
清洗盘子 然后做饭 then I wash plates, then I cook.
下午 如果在陶罐里没有水 我会再去一次 In the afternoon, if I don't have water in the earthen pot, I go again.
曼德莱季由通往阿布贾的公路 被分为东部和西部 Manderegi is split into an eastern half and a western half
（曼德莱季） by the road to Abuja.
河流在东面 The river is on the eastern side.
就是雀巢工厂的所在地 So is the Nestlé plant.
2014年 一条单排小路被重新修建 In 2014, the slow, single-lane road was rebuilt
变为双道高速路 into this high-speed two-lane highway.
不论是去河边还是工厂 Whether they go to the river or the plant,
西部的居民都要跨过高速交通路 the western villagers have to make it across the high-speed traffic.
如果下午有太多车 If there are too many cars in the afternoon,
我就晚上去 I go in the evening.
如果早上去晚上也去 要花费很长时间 If I go in the morning and go in the evening, it takes a lot of hours.
我要花五个小时的时间 因为车实在太多了 I spend as much as five hours because there are too many cars passing,
所以过马路没有那么快了 so we can't cross the road quickly.
这是让我们很头疼的地方 That is what is giving us a problem.
大多数村民都要躲避 高速行驶的卡车 Most villagers dodge the speeding trucks
不论是去河边还是回来 heading for the river and back.
我们有个女儿 We had a daughter.
（阿迪扎穆萨 曼德莱季社区成员）
她从农场回来 把落花生放回家 She came back from the farm, and brought groundnut, and dropped it at home,
然后去了河边 and went to the river.
我们从农场回来 水不够家里用 We came back from the farm. Water wasn't enough in the house.
我看看了剩下的水 如果做饭的话 I saw that from what was remaining, if I cook,
我们就不够洗澡的了 we wouldn't have enough left to take our bath,
所以我让她去取一些水 So I told her to go fetch more water.
我正在做饭 人们把她带回来 我听到尖叫声 I was at home cooking when they brought her. I heard screams.
抬回来的是她的尸体 发生什么了？ I heard screams when they brought her body. What happened?
他们说 我的女儿死了 They said my girl is dead.
我晕过去 他们用水把我泼醒 I fainted, and they poured water on me.
怎么会只是去河边取个水 How can someone just go to the river to fetch water,
再听到的就是 and the next thing you hear is
她像一只鞋一样被车压过去？ that she has been run over by a car like a common shoe?
对我来说太痛苦了 我晕过去了 It was so painful to me that I fainted.
他们得不断用水泼醒我 让我恢复意识 They had to pour water on me before I regained consciousness.
他们泼了很多的水 They poured a lot of water on me.
在优活工厂的范围内 Along the perimeter of the Pure Life plant,
坚无不摧的墙有一个管子通过 the wall's unbroken surface is pierced by a drainage pipe.
他们把工厂的废水 排到了当地的河流里 It dumps runoff from the plant back into the local river.
村民不知道废水里都有什么 The villagers don't know what's in this discharge.
但是不论是什么 他们还是会喝水 But whatever it is, they're drinking it.
在他们做这件事之前 Before they did this thing, we are not-
我们不…甚至酋长都不知道 Even the chief of the community is not aware of it.
我们眼见河水在旋转 We just see that the river is churning.
然后就过来检查 Then we come and cross check.
我们检查发现这就是源头 We check, and we see that this where these things start from.
把这些水带到溪水里 他们说我们不可以喝这些水 We take them to the stream. They say we cannot drink this water.
我们说我们需要雀巢给社区提供水 他们说会提供管道 We say we need water from the Nestlé to the community, that you will put pipe.
他们说是的 They say yes.
然后他们说 成本会太高 Later once again, they say the price will be too high.
社区就在下面 离河很近 The community is down there, near the river.
这是我们为什么想要他们 提供给我们水源 That's why we want them to supply us with water,
所以人们可以停止使用河水 so that people will stop using the river water.
因为日常来说 他们会在河里 Because, on a daily basis,
直接清洗东西 they're washing things directly into the river.
他们洗东西 They're washing it in a way
使得整个社区饮用的是不纯净的水 that all the community will drink the impurities.
2019年五月 In May of 2019,
在拍摄结束后的六个月 six months after filming was completed in Manderegi,
雀巢水业联系摄制组 Nestlé Waters contacted this production
说他们“做了调查 to state that it had, quote, "made an investigation
发现有很多需要改善的地方” and identified some improvements to be made," unquote.
雀巢说他们已经让第三方实验室 Nestlé said it had commissioned tests of the runoff from the plant
对废水进行测试 by an independent laboratory,
在声明发表之时 and that up to the time of their statement,
测试表明 废弃物是 the test indicated the discharge was,
“符合规范” quote, "compliant with regulatory norms," unquote.
雀巢说 他们已经修建了 新的太阳能电池 Nestlé said it had installed new solar batteries
修复由该公司攫取的井里的一个水泵 to repair the pump from a borehole the company had dug
让地下水可以流到村子的中心 to bring groundwater into the center of the village.
雀巢也说了 还会再挖另一个井 And, Nestlé said, it would dig another borehole.
这个井会是在高速的西面 This one would be on the western side of the highway,
所以村民可以拿到地下水 so that villagers there could have access to groundwater
而不用穿过高速的车流 without crossing the high-speed traffic.
回到拉各斯 水资源不干净 并不是唯一的问题 Back in Lagos, impurities in the water are not the only concern.
由于几乎整个城市都依赖塑料瓶装水 With the city almost wholly dependent on water delivered in plastic,
拉各斯面临着垃圾处理危机 Lagos now faces a garbage crisis.
你可以看到这些瓶子到处都是 You have these bottles everywhere.
大公司宣传这些瓶子是解决方式 Companies marketing these products as a solution,
干净的水 没有味道的水 安全的水 clean water, odorless water, safe water,
我们每天都有不断增加的挑战 and then the added challenge we have today,
拉各斯的废物处理是个大问题 waste management in Lagos is a major problem,
很大一部分都是瓶子垃圾 and a bulk of that waste is bottled water.
只有百分十的拉各斯废物是被回收的 Only about 10% of Lagos's garbage is recycled.
其余的都在街边堆砌 可以在排水沟里找到 The rest piles up in the streets and drainage ditches.
数吨的瓶子漂流到城市海岸线 From there, tons of discarded water bottles drift to the city shoreline
然后流进大西洋 and then out into the Atlantic,
这样给全球的海洋 where they add to a growing critical mass
造成了更多的漂流塑料垃圾 of plastic waste floating free in the world's oceans.
尼日利亚官员知道这个城市的 塑料垃圾危机的唯一解决方式 Nigerian officials know that the city's plastic crisis can only be solved
和水资源危机解决方式相同 the same way as the water crisis:
（拉各斯水公司）
给拉各斯居民提供干净可饮用的水 provide safe, drinkable water to Lagos's people.
难的是如何实现 The hard part is making it happen.
好了 怎么样？我们下去吧 Okay. How's that? Let's go down.
这个饮水公司是拉各斯水公司 的标志性成果 This drinking water plant is the flagship effort
目的是给城市提供干净的水 by the Lagos Water Corporation to provide clean water to the city
所以居民可以不用依赖瓶装水 so the residents don't have to rely on bottled water.
当我们完成这个 When we finish this,
这个地方可以给20万户居民供水 this place with supply over 200,000 households.
马迷努拜德慕斯 拉各斯水公司总经理 20万户家庭 不是20万人 200,000 households does not translate to 200,000 people.
相当于是给更多人提供水 因为每一户家庭约有… It translates to more than that because every household will have about...
-七口？五口？八口 -八口之家 -seven? Five? Eight. -Eight.
马迷努拜德慕斯 是拉各斯水公司的总经理 Muminu Badmus is the managing director of the Lagos Water Corporation.
在尼日利亚出生 他在美国读书 Born in Nigeria, he was educated in the US
有20年工程师和工程经理的经验 and spent 20 years as an engineer and construction manager
在华盛顿特区水利部门供职 at the Water Authority for Washington, DC.
这些是碎石 And this would be gravel?
一个意大利的工程师 已经修了这个工厂五年了 An Italian contractor has been building this plant for five years.
工程现在拖了五年 Construction is now five years behind.
但是即使拜德慕斯的代理商 完成了这座工厂 But even if Badmus's agency finishes building the plant,
水还是不会流入拉各斯的千家万户 the water will still not flow to any residents of Lagos.
没有管道可以运输水 There are no pipes to actually carry the water.
为了铺设这些管道 工程需要更多钱 从私人投资者获取 To lay those pipes, the project will need more money, from private investors.
投资者需要负责从这里连接水流 The investors will be responsible for connecting the flow from here.
这些投资者需要给千家万户提供连接 The investors would provide connection to the households.
我们会招标然后决定谁是投资者 We'll open it up, and then we'll decide who the investor will be.
还没有私人投资者对 这个项目有兴趣 No private investors have signed on to the project yet.
即使有人同意这个合作关系 And even if some do sign up for this partnership,
这个工厂只能提供一百万人水 the plant will only provide clean water
这个城市有1900万人口 to a million of the 19 million who need it.
这也是为什么尼日利亚的 公众基础设施 That's why Nigeria's public infrastructure is no serious threat
对瓶装水产业构不成威胁 to bottled water's domination.
瓶装水生意是为了利益 The bottled water businesses are there for profits.
他们来到这里就是创造了一个 公共水源不好用的想法 They've only served to create a psyche that public water cannot work.
（安全）
不幸的是 Unfortunately,
因为政府无能 because of government failure,
缺乏政治意向 lack of political will to make public water work,
去让公共水源运转
这个想法更加深入人心 this narrative continues to be deepened.
这场瓶装水和自来水的战役 This duel, bottle versus tap,
不仅仅是在第三世界国家 is not limited to the third world.
一百年前就有安全的自来水的美国 In the US, where safe tap water was perfected 100 years ago,
弗林特危机让公众更加焦虑 the crisis in Flint has rippled into broad public anxiety.
最近的民意调查显示 In one recent poll, US residents proclaimed
美国居民称水质量是一个严重的 公众安全隐患 就如同海洛因一样 that water quality is as serious a public health concern as heroin abuse.
费城是第一个提供水作为 公共资源的城市 Philadelphia was the first city to provide water as a public utility.
巴克斯特水处理中心 建于1959年 The Baxter Water Treatment facility was built in 1959.
他们的经理知道 他们在打一场公共信任的战役 Its managers know they're in for a fight for public confidence.
-你好 -你好 -Hey, man. -Hey.
人们对自来水不相信 There's a trust issue with the tap water.
那些将自己视为水大使的我们 Those of us who view ourselves as responsible stewards of...
（黛布拉麦卡蒂 费城水专员） uh, water...
目标是提供高质量的水 and, um, providing excellent quality water...
个人都非常 非常生气 um... personally, are very... very, um, upset
听到弗林特事件 about what happened in Flint.
我们在想办法重拾公众信心 And we're trying to figure out how we can build that trust
让大家更加相信我们的水 and get folks to trust our water more.
即使只有半个世纪 Even half a century old,
这个工厂一直都在提供 干净安全的饮用水 this plant provides safe, clean drinking water
给75万人 to 750,000 people.
水流进来 The water is coming in.
流过这些滤网 It's hitting these screens right there.
这些滤网排除掉大的杂物 The screens are filtering out the huge items,
然后水接着流 and then the water keeps rolling through,
流过这片工厂 over to the plant.
5.6亿升的水每天在这里被处理 About 150 million gallons a day are processed here.
我们在这个工厂有94个过滤器 We have 94 filters at this plant.
他们都在处理 德拉瓦河流进来的水 They're all treating the water that came in from our Delaware River
通过沉淀池 through our sedimentation basin,
（阿贝约翰 工厂经理 巴克斯特水处理工厂）
然后流到这里的过滤器 and eventually, to our filters right here.
这些过滤器里 无烟煤在上面 沙子在下面 It has anthracite coal up top and sand at the bottom.
这是水被处理的最后环节 This is the last spot that the water gets treated
然后就会流到千家万户 before it gets out into the distribution.
当水最终离开工厂 流到普通人家里的时候 When the water finally leaves the plant and flows to the customers
通过上千公里的水管道 through thousands of miles of underground water mains,
其成本不到一美分3.7升 it costs less than a penny a gallon.
令人惊奇的是 你去便利店的冷藏库 The remarkable thing is that if you go to the cold case in a convenience store,
买一瓶波兰泉水需要花费 一美金九美分 and you buy a single bottle of Poland Spring for $1.09,
你可以每天在家里灌满一瓶水 you can fill that bottle every day
这样下来整整八年 at home for eight years!
做做数学 八年乘以365 Do the math on that. Eight years times 365,
你知道的 3000次 three... you know, 3,000 times
才会花费一美金的自来水 before you will have spent a dollar's worth of tap water.
美国人很愿意花钱买高级货 But Americans pay the premium, gladly,
因为越来越少的人 会完全不质疑公用水资源 because fewer and fewer consumers have unquestioning trust in municipal water.
（在杰克逊 六万人需要对水进行高温烹煮）
公众恐惧并不是空穴来风 Public fears are not without cause.
（烧水建议发布）
（烧水建议）
弗林特是最著名的案子 Flint is only the most famous case.
（法韦尔烧水通知）
新泽西纽瓦克官员2018年十月承认 Officials in Newark, New Jersey admitted in October 2018
（自来水污染）
有四万家庭的水受到铅污染 that as many as 40,000 homes may have lead in their water.
（纽瓦克的饮用水有铅）
随意坐 Just take a seat anywhere.
在费城 In Philadelphia,
水部门一直在进行 焦点小组和民意调查 the water department has been conducting focus groups and polls
想要更好明白公众对水的态度 to better understand public attitudes toward water.
一项调查显示 One survey revealed
百分之43的费城居民 在家里饮用瓶装水 that 43% of Philadelphians drink bottled water at home.
调查员发现当只看 The researchers discovered that when they limited the responses
低收入家庭的回应时 to low-income households,
这个数字跳到百分之59 that number jumped to 59%.
事实上 很多城市的居民 The fact that so many people in our cities,
城市都有提供饮用水 cities provided with great drinking water,
但是仍然饮用瓶装水 are still drinking bottled water,
或者他们甚至比稍富有的社区 喝瓶装水的数量还要多 or they're drinking more bottled water than the richer communities,
这非常让人不舒服 也说明公众缺乏信任 is depressing and is an indication of the lack of trust of those communities
他们不相信这些城市有能力来提供 in the city's ability to provide the services that they...
人们需要和应得的水资源 that they deserve, and they need.
你认为 How would you characterize the primary reason
你喝蒸馏水的主要原因是什么？ that you drink distilled water?
喝起来口感更好 It tastes-To me, it tastes much better.
对很多人来说 很方便 For a lot of people, it's more convenient to...
从冰箱里拿一瓶 然后喝一口 pull a bottle out of the fridge and drink from it
或者拿一瓶 随身携带 or pull a bottle out and take with you.
很容易拿 如果你有24瓶整箱的话 It's easy to grab. You've got, you know, a 24 pack.
拿一瓶就走了 Pop it and go, you know.
看看对环境的影响 Looking at the environmental impact,
一瓶水并不仅仅是塑料 a bottle of water's not just the plastic.
把瓶子扔掉 还有运输 Throwing away the bottles. There's also all the exhaust
还有包装上的消耗 and, you know, all that from the trucks, and the packaging,
运到商店 然后从商店到你家 and getting it to the store, and getting from the store to your house.
这世界上有很多事情需要担心 There's a lot of other things in the world to worry about
有比瓶装水更重要的事 than bottled water.
我只想确保如果我喝水 I just want to make sure that if I'm drinking water,
水里没有隐孢子虫或者其他东西 that it doesn't have cryptosporidium or any of them other things in it.
消费者对于水供给有很大的影响力 Consumers have tremendous power over their water supply.
越少纳税人相信自来水 越来越少人愿意付钱 The less ratepayers trust their tap water, the less they may be willing to pay,
（北 氟 南）
这些大型基础设置工程就越难 and the harder it becomes for these massive infrastructure projects
（氯化屋）
维持更新 to remain up-to-date.
好 我可以让这个产品商品化 Okay, I can get this product on a commercial level.
我可以从货架买水 I can buy water on a shelf.
我干嘛要投资 Why do I need to pay to invest,
去建城市水系统？ to build a municipal water system?
我为什么要为一个 Why do I have to pay water rates
我可以在商店买的东西交费？ for something that I can get off the shelf?
这就说到了我们水系统 投资不足 That leads to growing underinvestment in our water system.
瓶装水的市场一直在把 If anything, the bottled water marketplace
这一系统推向边缘 seems to be pushing, hard, in the opposite direction.
波兰泉水宣布一个新的高级品牌 叫做蓝涧 Poland Spring has announced a new premium brand called Origin,
（缅因州清流）
（从高质量源头开始）
其实是一样的水 就是不同包装 要价更高 which is the same water, in a different bottle, for more money.
另一个牌子宣称可以改进细胞交流 Another brand promises improved cellular communication...
（ASEA细胞水 细胞信号传导的补充）
通过细胞水的分子结构 让细胞进行沟通 Keep cells talking with Redox signaling molecules.
40美金一瓶 ...for $40 a bottle.
也有来自北极圈 And there's always limited-edition polar iceberg water
限量的冰川水 from above the Arctic Circle,
每瓶59美金 $59 a bottle.
（北极冰川水 来自世界高处的限量水）
我们每年花费350亿美金 在瓶装水上 We spend $35 billion a year buying bottled water.
所有的水系统每年能拿到460亿美金 And the entire water system gets about $46 billion a year.
所以人们会说：“没钱可以修复水” So people say, "Well, there's no money to fix water."
结果是有钱可以修复水资源 Well, it turns out there is money to fix water,
好消息是我们已经 将这些钱花在了水上 and the good news is we are already spending it on water.
只是一瓶一次而已 Just one crushable, plastic bottle at a time.
（水合）
我觉得这里有很多错误信息 I think there's a lot of misinformation out there,
要知道 我爱人们喝越来越多的水 and I love, you know, that people are drinking more water,
也看到饮用水的重要性 and they see the importance of drinking water.
但是 But...
很多这些瓶装水公司 他们的水来自自来水 a lot of those bottled water companies, they get their water from tap water.
水覆盖整个星球 Water covers the planet.
但是随着人口的每天增加 But the human population grows every day,
干净新鲜的水资源变得越来越稀缺 and clean, fresh water is becoming more scarce.
真正的问题是 人类如何互相供养 The real question is about how humans provide for each other...
或者不要互相供养 而这个世界在一天天变小 or don't, in a world that feels smaller every day.
对瓶装水的假装虔诚 Being sanctimonious about bottled water
并不会触及 doesn't even begin to touch the problems
我们在未来十年 that we're gonna have with water
对水资源会出现的问题 甚至是未来50年 in the next ten years, and then the next 50 years.
说实话 在一些地方是这样的 And to be honest, that's even true in places, for instance,
例如和雀巢战斗的地方 that are having fights with Nestlé water,
更别说非洲其他国家 let alone in places like across Africa,
中东 还有印度 across the Middle East, across India.
气候变化对这些问题只是雪上加霜 And climate change is gonna make all those problems worse.
我们知道如何创造一个积极的未来 We know how to build a positive future,
那是我们需要前进的方向 and that's the future we need to be moving toward.
我看到的是反乌托邦的未来 I also see a dystopian future
那里只有富人有安全的水饮用 where the only people with safe water are the rich people
通过购买瓶装水 或者创建私有的水系统 who can afford to buy bottled water or build their own private water systems,
而数十亿的人无法承担这么做 and the billions of people who can't afford that
只能喝污染的水 are condemned to drink contaminated water.
这是人类权利的问题 This is something that is a human rights issue,
是非常严肃的 and it's very serious.
水不是闹着玩的 Water is not something to be messed with...
因为是和人类生命息息相关 because you're actually playing with people's lives.
字幕翻译：马潇潇