so let me tell you just a tiny bit about 所以我告诉你一点点
so let me tell you just a tiny bit about 我自己，所以我是一个进化，我开始了我的
so let me tell you just a tiny bit about myself so I am an evolution I started my 我是进化生物学家的职业
myself so I am an evolution I started my 我在伯克利大学攻读博士学位，
myself so I am an evolution I started my career as an evolutionary biologist I 博士后，而我在读博士学位时
career as an evolutionary biologist I 对我那时很感兴趣
career as an evolutionary biologist I did my PhD at Berkeley and I did as a 教大学生为什么很多
did my PhD at Berkeley and I did as a 科学概念太难了
did my PhD at Berkeley and I did as a postdoc and while I was doing my PhD I 学生学习，我变得非常
postdoc and while I was doing my PhD I 对科学学习感兴趣，所以
postdoc and while I was doing my PhD I became very interested in when I was 在我的一位博士后之后，我去了
became very interested in when I was 哥伦比亚花了几年时间
became very interested in when I was teaching undergraduates why a lot of 显然无法完成更多的研究生工作
teaching undergraduates why a lot of 获得足够的教育，学习如何
teaching undergraduates why a lot of science concepts were so difficult for 人们学习和思考科学
science concepts were so difficult for 概念，所以我的很多研究
science concepts were so difficult for students to learn and I became very 在过去的15年中，我们专注于
students to learn and I became very 人们思考并概念化
students to learn and I became very interested in science learning and so 科学思想以及我们为什么拥有
interested in science learning and so 困难不仅让学生
interested in science learning and so after one of my postdocs I went to 不仅要了解材料，还要
after one of my postdocs I went to 概念化方面的困难
after one of my postdocs I went to Columbia and spent several years doing 他们的困难是
Columbia and spent several years doing 了解学习者的思想
Columbia and spent several years doing more graduate work as clearly couldn't 今天下午我们要谈的是
more graduate work as clearly couldn't 我希望我非常务实，
more graduate work as clearly couldn't get enough schooling learning about how 可以帮助您的实用的东西
get enough schooling learning about how 伙计们，但我认为更重要
get enough schooling learning about how people learn and think about science 有时在观众中会吸引你
people learn and think about science 了解人们如何看待和看到
people learn and think about science concepts so a lot of my research over 例如，在
concepts so a lot of my research over 生物科学，我们知道
concepts so a lot of my research over the past 15 years has focused on how 教学生很多很多
the past 15 years has focused on how 小事实或将它们带入实验室
the past 15 years has focused on how people think about and conceptualize 并说这些程序很少
people think about and conceptualize 他们是一种概念上的理解
people think about and conceptualize scientific ideas and why we have 这是怎么回事
scientific ideas and why we have 我想与之交流的方式
scientific ideas and why we have difficulties not only getting students 你今天是科学领域
difficulties not only getting students 教育始于
difficulties not only getting students to understand the material but also 本世纪开始进行研究，以及如何
to understand the material but also 人们想我想要的科学
to understand the material but also difficulties in conceptualizing what 今天要做的是让您了解
difficulties in conceptualizing what 我们看到了让人们参与的这项任务
difficulties in conceptualizing what their difficulty is that is 学习，以及如何受到约束
their difficulty is that is 我们都在考虑科学，然后我
their difficulty is that is understanding the mind of the learner so 将要进行一些实际操作
understanding the mind of the learner so 这意味着我的目标
understanding the mind of the learner so this afternoon we're going to talk about 今天是你离开的话题
this afternoon we're going to talk about 更好地了解我们
this afternoon we're going to talk about a lot of I hope very pragmatic and 戴上眼镜的世界
a lot of I hope very pragmatic and 预见科学的挑战
a lot of I hope very pragmatic and practical stuff that's gonna help you 教学和
practical stuff that's gonna help you 请欢迎中断
practical stuff that's gonna help you guys but what I think is more important 你对某事感到好奇
guys but what I think is more important 我已经注意到你们中的一些人
guys but what I think is more important sometimes in an audience is getting you 这样做没问题
sometimes in an audience is getting you 所以我有信心我们会
sometimes in an audience is getting you to understand how people look at and see 有我们要的是
to understand how people look at and see 我们要拥有一个优秀的
to understand how people look at and see the challenge that is for example in the 今天的谈话重点
the challenge that is for example in the 对话好吧，完全如此
the challenge that is for example in the biological sciences we know that 我想做两件事
biological sciences we know that 今天和你们聊天
biological sciences we know that teaching students lots and lots of 第一个再次是框架
teaching students lots and lots of 科学教育很多次
teaching students lots and lots of little facts or taking them into a lab 认识你要接受教育的人
little facts or taking them into a lab 工作坊，他们经常告诉你
little facts or taking them into a lab and say do these procedures rarely gives 我认为研究已经开展了吗
and say do these procedures rarely gives 过去三十年来
and say do these procedures rarely gives them kind of a conceptual understanding 教人们怎么做
them kind of a conceptual understanding 行为主义模型往往更少
them kind of a conceptual understanding of what it is that's going on in the 比带人成功更成功
of what it is that's going on in the 了解到底发生了什么
of what it is that's going on in the same way what I'd like to communicate to 一个特殊的情况，所以我要
same way what I'd like to communicate to 强调的是什么概念模型或
same way what I'd like to communicate to you today is how the field of science 理论是这项任务的基础，
you today is how the field of science 科学教育人的实践
you today is how the field of science education which started at the turn of 很少告诉任何人有关理论，
education which started at the turn of 但在科学中，我们的整个目标
education which started at the turn of the century began doing research and how 工作是发展因果解释
the century began doing research and how 以相同方式预测的模型
the century began doing research and how people think about science what I'd like 科学教育领域试图
people think about science what I'd like 建立可以预测的理论模型
people think about science what I'd like to do today is give you a sense of how 推理就是我很多
to do today is give you a sense of how 研究即将进行，我真的很想
to do today is give you a sense of how we see this task of getting people to 强调为什么我们要真正关心
we see this task of getting people to 关于所有这些理论上的东西
we see this task of getting people to learn and how that's constrained by how 真正在乎的人不能只是得到一个
learn and how that's constrained by how 要做好的事情清单
learn and how that's constrained by how we all think about science and then I'm 事实证明，这往往不是
we all think about science and then I'm 最成功的方法，然后我
we all think about science and then I'm going to go into some practical 到下半年我要去
going to go into some practical 谈论使用学生的想法
going to go into some practical implications of this so again my goal 你怎么知道有人
implications of this so again my goal 在班上学到了什么
implications of this so again my goal today is for you to leave this talk with 意味着要学习，什么是
today is for you to leave this talk with 学习的组成部分以及如何
today is for you to leave this talk with a better understanding of how we look at 与所有这些理论上的东西有关
a better understanding of how we look at 这将是我保持的目标
a better understanding of how we look at the world sort of the glasses we put on 我一直在努力推动进阶幻灯片
the world sort of the glasses we put on 所以我不知道可以给我
the world sort of the glasses we put on to envision the challenge of science 做一些运动，所以很有趣
to envision the challenge of science 你知道你是否有一群民主党人
to envision the challenge of science teaching and 和共和党人一起在房间里
teaching and 您会发现它们非常不同
teaching and please feel welcome to interrupt if 然后接近世界的方式
please feel welcome to interrupt if 吉姆·沃森（Jim Watson）很好地说明了这一点
please feel welcome to interrupt if there's something you're curious about 我不知道，但他肯定会谈
there's something you're curious about 其中一些关于人们如何能做的话题
there's something you're curious about and I've already noticed some of you 以截然不同的方式看待世界
and I've already noticed some of you 原来，科学教育者和
and I've already noticed some of you have no problem doing that 科学家，我一直都是我的全部
have no problem doing that 职业生涯在大学的教授
have no problem doing that and so I'm confident that we're gonna 教育和科学教授
and so I'm confident that we're gonna 部门就像
and so I'm confident that we're gonna have that that we're gonna that we're 每天共和党人和民主党人
have that that we're gonna that we're 因为他们看世界的方式
have that that we're gonna that we're gonna have we're gonna have an excellent 眼前的基本任务是
gonna have we're gonna have an excellent 正交，令人难以置信
gonna have we're gonna have an excellent conversation today emphasis on 科学家认为科学的任务
conversation today emphasis on 教育是不断发展的科学思想
conversation today emphasis on conversation okay exactly exactly so so 进入学习者的思想
conversation okay exactly exactly so so 通常缺乏
conversation okay exactly exactly so so there's two big things I wanna I want to 科学思想，而整个
there's two big things I wanna I want to 科学教育领域
there's two big things I wanna I want to kind of chat with you guys about today 相反的方法，它看里面是什么
kind of chat with you guys about today 学习者的思想，所以我们可以思考
kind of chat with you guys about today the first again is framing this task of 这样的房子就像
the first again is framing this task of 我们的头脑就像房屋科学家
the first again is framing this task of science education a lot of times you 当他们教书时，他们通常会想到
science education a lot of times you 这个房子有点像
science education a lot of times you know people you go into an education 空着的主要家具
know people you go into an education 有人会忍受的是我们
know people you go into an education workshop and they often tell you what to 每时每刻都与想法同在
workshop and they often tell you what to 我们与思想互动的日常生活
workshop and they often tell you what to do I think and and research has borne 科学家通常会这样处理
do I think and and research has borne 科学教育的全部任务
do I think and and research has borne this out over the past thirty years 搬进来，科学教育者花了
this out over the past thirty years 我们几乎所有时间的理解
this out over the past thirty years the teaching people what to do this 房间里有什么
the teaching people what to do this 那里的家具，所以有一个非常
the teaching people what to do this behaviorist model tends to be less 在这两种文化中使用不同的方法
behaviorist model tends to be less 迁入文化和文化
behaviorist model tends to be less successful than getting people to 从里面的东西移动是
successful than getting people to 我所说的共和党人和
successful than getting people to understand what it is that's going on in 民主党，所以我给你一些
understand what it is that's going on in 为什么这可能很重要的示例，以及
understand what it is that's going on in a particular situation so what I'm gonna 它与科学任务有何关系
a particular situation so what I'm gonna 教育，所以在科学教育中
a particular situation so what I'm gonna emphasize is what conceptual models or 伟大的想法都是关于这个
emphasize is what conceptual models or 房间，并试图了解它，
emphasize is what conceptual models or theories undergird this task and the 这是一些问题
theories undergird this task and the 比喻
theories undergird this task and the practice of science education people 我们的纪律不仅仅是
practice of science education people 世纪一直在调查其中的内容
practice of science education people rarely tell anybody about theories and 学龄前学生的房间
rarely tell anybody about theories and 他们房间里的任何家具
rarely tell anybody about theories and yet in science the whole goal of our 他们是否考虑因果关系
yet in science the whole goal of our 他们认为科学家做事的方式
yet in science the whole goal of our work is to develop causal explanatory 他们认为因果关系
work is to develop causal explanatory 关于什么是生活，什么是非生活
work is to develop causal explanatory models that predict in the same way the 在这个多年生世界上
models that predict in the same way the 在该领域的问题
models that predict in the same way the field of science education tries to 生物科学家具怎么样
field of science education tries to 安排类似于认知
field of science education tries to build theoretical models that predict 结构是那种想法
build theoretical models that predict 在房间内散落或松散
build theoretical models that predict reasoning that's what a lot of my 有没有一个很好的组织
reasoning that's what a lot of my 像一个家居装饰节目，你有一个
reasoning that's what a lot of my research is about and and I really want 漂亮的地毯，你拥有所有的家具
research is about and and I really want 排列合理
research is about and and I really want to emphasize why should we really care 像客厅一样的结构还是你
to emphasize why should we really care 像研究生一样生活，但是
to emphasize why should we really care about all this theoretical stuff like 只有文件和一堆东西
about all this theoretical stuff like 和下垂的宜家货架
about all this theoretical stuff like who really cares can't we just get a 整理房间里的东西
who really cares can't we just get a 这类似于认知结构
who really cares can't we just get a list of things to do and do it well it 我们已经在课堂上看到了
list of things to do and do it well it 学生有很多小主意，但是
list of things to do and do it well it turns out that that tends to not be the 它不是以内聚逻辑排列的
turns out that that tends to not be the 你可以说的结构哦，那是
turns out that that tends to not be the most successful approach and then I'm 一种合理的方式将
most successful approach and then I'm 尽可能多地收集信息
most successful approach and then I'm going to the second half I'm going to 认为是一种安排
going to the second half I'm going to 房间另一个大问题是多少
going to the second half I'm going to talk about working with student ideas 人们喜欢现有的家具吗
talk about working with student ideas 这涉及情感层面
talk about working with student ideas how do you know whether someone has 如果您认为有很多东西
how do you know whether someone has 在人们的头脑中，你的工作是
how do you know whether someone has learned in your class and what does it 进行认知重新装修是
learned in your class and what does it 他们准备重新装修，还是
learned in your class and what does it mean to learn anyway and what are the 完全满意的家具
mean to learn anyway and what are the 他们生活在你的工作会
mean to learn anyway and what are the components of learning and how does that 与重新装修的人或某人不同
components of learning and how does that 只是把家具放进去
components of learning and how does that relate to all this theoretical stuff so 空房间
relate to all this theoretical stuff so 您的任务在同一方面有何不同
relate to all this theoretical stuff so that's gonna be kind of the goal I keep 这样思考的方式
that's gonna be kind of the goal I keep 我们将如何尝试获得
that's gonna be kind of the goal I keep I keep trying to push the advance slide 人们了解科学会
I keep trying to push the advance slide 不同，所以想想你是一个
I keep trying to push the advance slide so I don't know it's okay that gives me 重新装修
so I don't know it's okay that gives me 重组者还是您要放新东西
so I don't know it's okay that gives me some exercise so um so it's interesting 您房间的家具型号
some exercise so um so it's interesting 相信我们的人民
some exercise so um so it's interesting you know if you got a bunch of Democrats 重新装修，我们可以认为这是一个
you know if you got a bunch of Democrats 认知倾向如何开放
you know if you got a bunch of Democrats and Republicans together in the room 你是新来的吗
and Republicans together in the room 迪亚兹（Diaz）和看待新事物的新方法
and Republicans together in the room you'd find that they're very different 世界是我们另一个大世界
you'd find that they're very different 问题，然后这就是我们
you'd find that they're very different ways of approaching the world then maybe 真正了解了什么
ways of approaching the world then maybe 我们工作中最关键的部分
ways of approaching the world then maybe Jim Watson exemplified that beautifully 容易替换或重组
Jim Watson exemplified that beautifully 房间我们要移动什么家具
Jim Watson exemplified that beautifully I don't know but he certainly touched on 似乎对科学没有帮助
I don't know but he certainly touched on 理解以及哪些新思想
I don't know but he certainly touched on some of these topics of how people can 你想进入科学吗
some of these topics of how people can 替换那些或那里什么都没有
some of these topics of how people can see the world in very different ways it 你们都真的相信
see the world in very different ways it 那房间什么都没有
see the world in very different ways it turns out that science educators and 必须移动一些东西
turns out that science educators and 问题，最后树多久了
turns out that science educators and scientists and I've always been my whole 装饰最后就是知识
scientists and I've always been my whole 留住我们很多人可以做些
scientists and I've always been my whole career a professor in a College of 重新装修，你回去，你
career a professor in a College of 发现发生了什么我们回到
career a professor in a College of Education and a professor in a science 相同的混乱组织
Education and a professor in a science 我们真的试图使事情变得井然有序，
Education and a professor in a science department it's like working with 使事情井井有条
department it's like working with 那个房间，所以这不是一个很专业的说法
department it's like working with Republicans and Democrats every day 简介我希望对一些大
Republicans and Democrats every day 我们领域的研究课题
Republicans and Democrats every day because the way they see the world the 专注于房间里的东西
because the way they see the world the 人们喜欢安排他们开放吗
because the way they see the world the fundamental task at hand is so 改变重组方式
fundamental task at hand is so 是否可以实现以及需要多长时间
fundamental task at hand is so orthogonal it is unbelievable so most 最后，这些是我们面临的重大问题
orthogonal it is unbelievable so most 在科学教育中提问，我们一直
orthogonal it is unbelievable so most scientists view the task of science 问了一百年，我们已经
scientists view the task of science 学到了很多东西，所以有什么问题
scientists view the task of science education as moving scientific ideas 关于我们问哪个大问题
education as moving scientific ideas 人们谈论时常常失踪
education as moving scientific ideas into the mind of the learner which is 像什么大的生物学教育
into the mind of the learner which is 这些学科的目标是
into the mind of the learner which is typically a mind that lacks the 我们领域的大目标
typically a mind that lacks the 人们听说他们可能
typically a mind that lacks the scientific ideas whereas the entire 如果我遵循，我不知道这涉及
scientific ideas whereas the entire 你的想法已经有东西了
scientific ideas whereas the entire field of science education takes the 需要阅读的是
field of science education takes the 有个叫你麦吉娜的东西
field of science education takes the opposite approach it looks at what is in 你不需要那个，但是显然
opposite approach it looks at what is in 不太健谈，也许只有
opposite approach it looks at what is in the mind of the learner so we can think 一把小椅子或当您考虑
the mind of the learner so we can think 你可以学习测序技术吗
the mind of the learner so we can think of this kind of like a house where all 不了解基因是什么，
of this kind of like a house where all 基因的多重定义和
of this kind of like a house where all of our minds are like houses scientists 等位基因
of our minds are like houses scientists 是的，你去了
of our minds are like houses scientists when they teach they typically think of 完全是，是​​的，但是要
when they teach they typically think of 看一下我选择的艺术品
when they teach they typically think of this house is kind of being pretty much 任何人都知道那是谁
this house is kind of being pretty much 吉恩-巴蒂斯特·拉马克（Jean-Baptiste Lamarck）
this house is kind of being pretty much empty of the major furniture that 有趣的你可能没有注意到
empty of the major furniture that 专注于我们拥有的家具
empty of the major furniture that someone would would live with that is we 其他一些有趣的装饰品
someone would would live with that is we 可能也并存的概念
someone would would live with that is we live with ideas every moment of our 是的，绝对是个大问题，
live with ideas every moment of our 这正是艾米的问题是
live with ideas every moment of our daily lives we interact with ideas 一个好问题，所以当您接近
daily lives we interact with ideas 不谈论排序的问题
daily lives we interact with ideas scientists typically approach this this 您认为必须提出什么想法
scientists typically approach this this 房间
scientists typically approach this this whole task of science education as the 但是什么学生可能会有什么想法
whole task of science education as the 学生带到教室可以这么说
whole task of science education as the moving in and science educators spent 当您谈论这些主题时，我们有
moving in and science educators spent 关于房间里什么的预测，但是
moving in and science educators spent almost all of our time understanding 我们预测学生可能会想到的
almost all of our time understanding 关于我们何时说人类基因组
almost all of our time understanding what's in the rooms sort of the 对事物的类型感到惊讶
what's in the rooms sort of the 他们带来那里，所以我们怎么知道
what's in the rooms sort of the furniture that's there so there's a very 如果那里什么都没有
furniture that's there so there's a very 这是艾米的指导性问题，这是
furniture that's there so there's a very different approach in these two cultures 很好，很好，请坚持
different approach in these two cultures 在这边
different approach in these two cultures the culture of moving in and the culture 我们认知装饰是我喜欢的
the culture of moving in and the culture 说是的有人进来说
the culture of moving in and the culture of moving from what's inside this is 那绿色的沙发不是真的
of moving from what's inside this is 你在那里正确地工作了吗？
of moving from what's inside this is what I mean by the Republican and 今天恰好在下半年
what I mean by the Republican and 演讲将要准确解决
what I mean by the Republican and Democrat so let me give you some 这个问题
Democrat so let me give you some 是的，也许在那里
Democrat so let me give you some examples of why this might matter and 概念被盗用到一个主题
examples of why this might matter and 这是另一种思考方式
examples of why this might matter and how it relates to the task of science 或将厨房用品带入
how it relates to the task of science 客厅，你是说等一下
how it relates to the task of science education so in science education our 分钟，您不太了解
education so in science education our 厨房的想法全都属于那
education so in science education our big ideas are all about going into this 你不会让他们遇到这个问题
big ideas are all about going into this 非常正确
big ideas are all about going into this room and trying to understand it and 我们将谈论
room and trying to understand it and 知识的语境化
room and trying to understand it and here are some of the questions by 在过去的40年中
here are some of the questions by 甚至有数百个
here are some of the questions by analogy 数以千计的同行评审研究
analogy 看房间的组成
analogy that our discipline for more than a 对我来说，总是令人惊讶的是
that our discipline for more than a 许多科学家真的没有
that our discipline for more than a century has been investigating what's in 了解所有花费的工作，
century has been investigating what's in 看着房间的装饰
century has been investigating what's in the room does a preschool student have 生物学学生和其他许多人
the room does a preschool student have 今天的目标是
the room does a preschool student have any furniture in their room about 否则你会意识到很多
any furniture in their room about 完成了对房间的映射，可以
any furniture in their room about science do they think about causation 如果您要
science do they think about causation 重新装修，了解您的客户是什么
science do they think about causation the way that scientists do do they think 可能在那些房间里
the way that scientists do do they think 带上一辆搬运车将东西拿出或
the way that scientists do do they think about causation at all do they think 把它放进去
about causation at all do they think 这就是问题所在
about causation at all do they think about what's living and what's nonliving 原来学生到了高中
about what's living and what's nonliving 和本科班，几乎没有人
about what's living and what's nonliving in the world which has been a perennial 在任何研究中都没有发现一个空房间
in the world which has been a perennial 曾经进行过的
in the world which has been a perennial question in in the field of the 关于一切的大量想法
question in in the field of the 你可能不认为他们科学
question in in the field of the biological sciences how is the furniture 想法，但学生认为他们属于
biological sciences how is the furniture 在那个你可能会打电话给的房间里
biological sciences how is the furniture arranged that's analogous to cognitive 基因组学或生物信息学或测序
arranged that's analogous to cognitive 或其他拼接或其他方式
arranged that's analogous to cognitive structure are the ideas kind of 想谈谈他们有很多
structure are the ideas kind of 关于发生了什么有趣的想法
structure are the ideas kind of scattered and loose within the room or 在那里，他们喜欢他们喜欢的装饰
scattered and loose within the room or 他们的思想中有科学思想
scattered and loose within the room or is there kind of a nice organization 他们非常有很多情况
is there kind of a nice organization 对这些想法的所有权
is there kind of a nice organization like a home decorating show you have a 我们希望他们拥有
like a home decorating show you have a 科学的想法，但他们不是
like a home decorating show you have a nice carpet you have all your furniture 在很多情况下愿意重新装修
nice carpet you have all your furniture 他们会告诉你，是的，我要
nice carpet you have all your furniture beautifully arranged in a logical 重新布置那个房间，但是他们不这样
beautifully arranged in a logical 教学模式的重点
beautifully arranged in a logical structure like a living room or are you 这种介绍是两件事
structure like a living room or are you 我们知道没有经验支持
structure like a living room or are you living like a graduate student but 证据之一是教学模型
living like a graduate student but 假装房间是空的
living like a graduate student but there's just papers and piles of stuff 那是一个教学模型
there's just papers and piles of stuff 假装那里什么也没有
there's just papers and piles of stuff and sagging IKEA shelves like what's the 几乎我们还没有真正找到
and sagging IKEA shelves like what's the 已有40年的历史或
and sagging IKEA shelves like what's the organization of the stuff in that room 猜测房间的装修方式
organization of the stuff in that room 不是最有效的方法
organization of the stuff in that room that's analogous to cognitive structure 弄清楚如何进行装修
that's analogous to cognitive structure 所以这个领域基本上提倡两个
that's analogous to cognitive structure and we've seen this in our classes right 知道房间里有什么
and we've seen this in our classes right 对它有个好主意，然后
and we've seen this in our classes right students have lots of little ideas but 仔细思考你会怎样
students have lots of little ideas but 重新装修你要做什么
students have lots of little ideas but it's not arranged in a cohesive logical 周围你会摆脱什么，
it's not arranged in a cohesive logical 你要补充些什么
it's not arranged in a cohesive logical structure where you could say oh that's 这种方法的类比
structure where you could say oh that's 重新装修让那美丽
structure where you could say oh that's kind of a logical way of putting the 吉恩-巴蒂斯特·拉马克的肖像
kind of a logical way of putting the 然后将查尔斯·达尔文（Charles Darwin）搬进去
kind of a logical way of putting the information together the same as you can 他们在墙上你打算怎么办
information together the same as you can 那
information together the same as you can think of as sort of the arrangement to 是的，或者在不同的环境中共存
think of as sort of the arrangement to 领域是Lamarckian的想法，是的
think of as sort of the arrangement to the room the other big question how much 另一件事要考虑
the room the other big question how much 重新装修是我们中的任何人
the room the other big question how much do people like the existing furniture 做过任何认知重新装修
do people like the existing furniture 我们自己
do people like the existing furniture this goes into the affective dimension 答案是绝对的每个
this goes into the affective dimension 我们经历了一次重大的重大转变
this goes into the affective dimension if you assume that there's lots of stuff 在我们关于生物学的发展中
if you assume that there's lots of stuff 想这个房间里的每个人
if you assume that there's lots of stuff in people's heads and your job is to 我们根据您知道的推论
in people's heads and your job is to 人们在
in people's heads and your job is to sort of do cognitive redecorating are 曾经以为植物不是
sort of do cognitive redecorating are 生活是关键的认知
sort of do cognitive redecorating are they ready to redecorate or are they 每个人类孩子的过渡
they ready to redecorate or are they 整个地球，包括你们所有人
they ready to redecorate or are they totally happy with the furniture that 我们所有人都在同一时间将植物分组
totally happy with the furniture that 对于非生物实体，这是关键
totally happy with the furniture that they're living in would your job be 熟悉儿童发展的方面
they're living in would your job be 非常非常相似，所以其中之一
they're living in would your job be different as a redecorate er or someone 问题来自认知
different as a redecorate er or someone 过渡时的视角
different as a redecorate er or someone just putting furniture and into into an 我们学到了东西，这就是
just putting furniture and into into an 你们来这里是对的
just putting furniture and into into an empty room 关于你的学生将如何学习
empty room 科学中的大问题之一
empty room how would your task differ in the same 教育是你学到的东西
how would your task differ in the same 真的重新装修了，所以我很多
how would your task differ in the same way that's something to think about how 认知心理学家的同事喜欢
way that's something to think about how 约翰·奥普弗和西格勒等
way that's something to think about how we would how this task of trying to get 其实已经做了一些研究
we would how this task of trying to get 像您这样的生物学家，他们被绑住了
we would how this task of trying to get people to understand science would 他们到机器，他们已经表明
people to understand science would 他们一些照片，他们问
people to understand science would differ so think about that are you a 所有这些生物，无论它们是
differ so think about that are you a 活着与否，事实证明这需要
differ so think about that are you a redecorate er 生物学家进化生物学家
redecorate er 植物学家哦，科学家的两倍长
redecorate er a reorganizer or are you putting new 鉴定为在其中还活着的植物
a reorganizer or are you putting new 微秒，就像动物一样
a reorganizer or are you putting new furniture in the room which model do you 所以这项研究有很多
furniture in the room which model do you 确实导致了如何
furniture in the room which model do you believe in our people open to 重新装修的过程是
believe in our people open to 人们现在真的在想，
believe in our people open to redecoration we can think of this as a 我们做到了，他们做了很多
redecoration we can think of this as a 其他认知心理学家和
redecoration we can think of this as a cognitive disposition how open-minded 物理和化学，他们已经
cognitive disposition how open-minded 研究了其中一些早期的直觉
cognitive disposition how open-minded are you to new I 孩子们练习的想法
are you to new I 科学家，他们发现这需要
are you to new I Diaz and new ways of looking at the 需要更多的努力来识别
Diaz and new ways of looking at the 直觉的想法并克服它们
Diaz and new ways of looking at the world that's another one of our big 建议，这就是他们的想法
world that's another one of our big 你从来没有真正在重新装修
world that's another one of our big questions and then this is where we 房间，你只是把它关了
questions and then this is where we 并压制它，并试图不去
questions and then this is where we really get to what sort of the nuts and 可以这么说是因为这需要很多时间
really get to what sort of the nuts and 努力尝试甚至
really get to what sort of the nuts and bolts of our jobs which pieces are most 大多数专业生物学家都喜欢您
bolts of our jobs which pieces are most 我希望你认为植物还活着
bolts of our jobs which pieces are most easily replaced or reorganized in that 但是为什么要花呢
easily replaced or reorganized in that 你那么长，包括我自己，如果
easily replaced or reorganized in that room what furniture do we want to move 我确定我是否做了测试
room what furniture do we want to move 我会花我两倍的时间
room what furniture do we want to move out that doesn't seem to help scientific 认识植物与动物
out that doesn't seem to help scientific 认知心理学家认为我们
out that doesn't seem to help scientific understanding and which new ideas in 真正抑制不重写像
understanding and which new ideas in 我们的硬盘就像删除旧的
understanding and which new ideas in science do you want to move in to 文件，我们仍然有所有这些垃圾
science do you want to move in to 所以当你问这个问题，为什么是
science do you want to move in to replace those or is there nothing there 很难学习一些概念
replace those or is there nothing there 生物学，因为它非常费力
replace those or is there nothing there at all and you all really believe that 而且您并没有真正重写困难
at all and you all really believe that 驱动你只是把那个
at all and you all really believe that there's nothing in that room and 文件放在硬盘上的其他地方
there's nothing in that room and 并尝试不访问它，但是当您
there's nothing in that room and something has to be moved in that's the 试想一下，文件仍然是
something has to be moved in that's the 就像在新
something has to be moved in that's the question and lastly how long does tree 每次我打开像办公室一样的版本
question and lastly how long does tree PowerPoint所有其他PowerPoint
question and lastly how long does tree decoration last that's knowledge 最近正在使用弹出窗口，我喜欢
decoration last that's knowledge 这真的很烦人，只是
decoration last that's knowledge retention a lot of us can do some 就像我们脑海里正在发生的事情
retention a lot of us can do some 当我们考虑科学时，所有这些
retention a lot of us can do some redecorating and you go back and you 旧文件被拉起，你
redecorating and you go back and you 试图像关闭那些文件一样
redecorating and you go back and you find that what happened we're back to 你在想这个新主意
find that what happened we're back to 房间里的鬼魂是另一种方式
find that what happened we're back to the same sort of messy organization and 想着我们都被困扰
the same sort of messy organization and 认知心理学家为此认为
the same sort of messy organization and we really tried to spiff things up and 思考各种各样的话题
we really tried to spiff things up and 遗传学概念尤其是我们
we really tried to spiff things up and makes things organized and functional in 对事情有很多直觉
makes things organized and functional in 就像融合我们所有人的继承
makes things organized and functional in that room so this is a very non jargony 被教导是行不通的
that room so this is a very non jargony 甚至在像这样的研究中
that room so this is a very non jargony introduction I hope to some of the big 有很多非常非常基础的
introduction I hope to some of the big 仍然是遗传学的概念
introduction I hope to some of the big research topics that our field has 像所有东西一样困扰着房间
research topics that our field has 其他
research topics that our field has focused on what's in the room how is it 动植物的过渡
focused on what's in the room how is it 我们如何看待这个过程
focused on what's in the room how is it arranged do people like it are they open 然后学习我们所知道的
arranged do people like it are they open 房间里好很多人
arranged do people like it are they open to changing how is reorganization 现在已经将整个概念化
to changing how is reorganization 科学所有领域的学习过程
to changing how is reorganization achieved if at all and how long does it 作为扩展学校科学知识
achieved if at all and how long does it 说越来越多的你的知识
achieved if at all and how long does it last these are the big questions that we 您了解孟德尔遗传学的遗传学
last these are the big questions that we 继承分子继承
last these are the big questions that we ask in science education and we've been 您了解多种理论
ask in science education and we've been 基因及其在不同领域的应用
ask in science education and we've been asking for a hundred years and we've 您了解类似的领域
asking for a hundred years and we've 您了解的替代拼接
asking for a hundred years and we've learned a lot about so any questions so 表观遗传学之类的东西
learned a lot about so any questions so 遗传学的知识确实在扩展，但是
learned a lot about so any questions so far about the big questions we ask which 你的直觉可能永远不会改变，所以
far about the big questions we ask which 你仍然有所有这些
far about the big questions we ask which is often missing when people talk about 关于生物学的童心直觉
is often missing when people talk about 与你的新人并存
is often missing when people talk about biology education like what are the big 获得了您所学的科学知识
biology education like what are the big 可能会恢复为，所以这是其中之一
biology education like what are the big goals of the discipline these are the 该领域的大问题是在大学里
goals of the discipline these are the 特别是作为某人的指导
goals of the discipline these are the big goals of our field 教授500人的入门生物课 494 每个学期我实际上都看很多
people have heard about that they may 学生的想法，我们发现的是
people have heard about that they may 当学生学习目标之一时
people have heard about that they may not realize that it involves if I follow 就是在我们尝试尝试直觉时
not realize that it involves if I follow 教试图重做那个房间，
not realize that it involves if I follow your idea there is already something 提出学生有的想法
your idea there is already something 最有趣的后果之一
your idea there is already something need to read it's the knowledge that 就是在我们教授概念时
need to read it's the knowledge that 很多学生正在混合这些
need to read it's the knowledge that there is something called you Magina so 全新的直观天真想法
there is something called you Magina so 我们教的科学信息
there is something called you Magina so you don't need that but it's obviously 他们喜欢让我给你一个例子
you don't need that but it's obviously 就像你像我一样教生物
you don't need that but it's obviously not very talkative maybe there's only 可能对
not very talkative maybe there's only 多项选择测试是什么
not very talkative maybe there's only one little chair or when you think about 有趣的是我们通常给他们
one little chair or when you think about 一个准确的科学构想，然后
one little chair or when you think about it can you study sequencing techniques 一堆不正确的科学思想
it can you study sequencing techniques 通常是那些选择题
it can you study sequencing techniques without understanding what a gene is and 结合了关于
without understanding what a gene is and 混合在一起的相同概念
without understanding what a gene is and the multiple definitions of genes and 换句话说，科学的想法
the multiple definitions of genes and 问题确实反映了学生的方式
the multiple definitions of genes and alleles yeah 在想 518 这样我们就可以衡量我们有多少
yeah there you go 随着他们的学习再次动起来
yeah there you go 当前的理解
yeah there you go exactly and yeah yeah yeah but but take 人们如何概念化的领域
exactly and yeah yeah yeah but but take 科学特别是大学生
exactly and yeah yeah yeah but but take a look at the art I've chosen does 他们通常将其中一些混合
a look at the art I've chosen does 仍然存在的直觉想法
a look at the art I've chosen does anybody know who that is 一些新的科学思想
anybody know who that is 我们添加到它，但我们经常不
anybody know who that is exactly excellent jean-baptiste Lamarck 将他们转移到一种纯粹的科学
exactly excellent jean-baptiste Lamarck 没有那些直觉或天真的模型
exactly excellent jean-baptiste Lamarck interesting you may not have noticed 想法，当我们开始任务
interesting you may not have noticed 评估的问题之一是
interesting you may not have noticed focusing on the furniture that we have 您的评估问题能够
focusing on the furniture that we have 实际衡量其中的领域
focusing on the furniture that we have some interesting decorations of other 那个房子里那些房间
some interesting decorations of other 房子还是只测试是否
some interesting decorations of other concepts that may also be coexisting so 你有更多的东西以及什么领域
concepts that may also be coexisting so 真的希望生物学家能够
concepts that may also be coexisting so yeah definitely the big question and 考虑一下你如何参与
yeah definitely the big question and 直觉以及与此相关
yeah definitely the big question and this is exactly Amy's question is a 其他信息和我们的学生
this is exactly Amy's question is a 实际上建立这些混合物
this is exactly Amy's question is a great question so as you approach the 想法或没有，你有问题吗
great question so as you approach the 问那个，如果不是的话
great question so as you approach the question of talking about sequencing not 知道你是否真的让他们
question of talking about sequencing not 学习，因为学习与时俱进
question of talking about sequencing not what ideas do you think have to go in 现在房间里有什么
what ideas do you think have to go in 你们中许多人可能已经看过的视频
what ideas do you think have to go in the room 说明了这一挑战吗
the room 想我玩这个有声音吗
the room but what student what ideas might 是的，只是一个快速测试插件，可以确保
but what student what ideas might 哦，我们也需要无线希望春天
but what student what ideas might students bring to the room so to speak 港口
students bring to the room so to speak 我有互联网，所以我们很好
students bring to the room so to speak as you talk about these topics we have 一点
as you talk about these topics we have 好吧，我们将继续观看两个
as you talk about these topics we have predictions about what's in the room but 分钟只是很多例子
predictions about what's in the room but 您可能已经看到了，但这对
predictions about what's in the room but what we predict a student may think 重新考虑大约两分钟
what we predict a student may think 他们中的许多人有地球旅行
what we predict a student may think about when we say human genome you might 在太阳附近，太阳越来越近
about when we say human genome you might 那里天气转暖
about when we say human genome you might be surprised at the types of things that 与...的紧密度有关
be surprised at the types of things that 地球在此期间向太阳
be surprised at the types of things that they bring there and so how do we know 当我们靠近时会变得更热
they bring there and so how do we know 太阳，我认为学校到了
they bring there and so how do we know if there's nothing there or something 远离这些毕业生喜欢
if there's nothing there or something 我们许多人认为地球的轨道是
if there's nothing there or something which is Amy's guiding question which is 即使高度夸张的椭圆形
which is Amy's guiding question which is 地球的轨道非常近
which is Amy's guiding question which is very good yeah well hold on there was a 产生距离的圆形
very good yeah well hold on there was a 对我们的季节几乎没有影响
very good yeah well hold on there was a over here yeah 带我们坚强的不正确 572 相信改变距离是
we cognitive decorators is what I like 负责季节，以便
we cognitive decorators is what I like 给你一种鬼魂的感觉
we cognitive decorators is what I like to say yeah did someone come in and say 在房间里有一个基本的
to say yeah did someone come in and say 直觉，随着我们越来越接近
to say yeah did someone come in and say that green couch mean doesn't really 成为热源的东西
that green couch mean doesn't really 越来越热，随着我们离开
that green couch mean doesn't really work there right did you put it in or 更酷，我们看到的是
work there right did you put it in or 直觉适用于许多人
work there right did you put it in or today exactly so in the second half of 不同的情况，包括
today exactly so in the second half of 地球的季节，所以我们可以看到
today exactly so in the second half of the talk is going to address exactly 房间里的鬼真的在这里
the talk is going to address exactly 你们很多人可能没有意识到
the talk is going to address exactly that issue 确实有这些 586 直觉是
yeah maybe right there maybe the 认知机器，结果证明
yeah maybe right there maybe the 这些想法在很大程度上
yeah maybe right there maybe the misappropriation of concepts to a topic 仍然在那里并被大量使用
misappropriation of concepts to a topic 我有一个很棒的答题器问题
misappropriation of concepts to a topic that's another way of thinking about it 上学期介绍生物课
that's another way of thinking about it 我们刚刚说完所有
that's another way of thinking about it or sort of bringing kitchen items into 呼吸光合作用与植物
or sort of bringing kitchen items into 和植物的进化，然后我问
or sort of bringing kitchen items into the living room and you're saying wait a 上课了，植物也会呼吸呀
the living room and you're saying wait a 这是一个很好的问题，而我的
the living room and you're saying wait a minute you don't quite understand the 同事确信谁实际上
minute you don't quite understand the 教他喜欢的工厂单位
minute you don't quite understand the the kitchen ideas all belong over there 当然像我所涵盖的，这不是
the kitchen ideas all belong over there 会有所不同，这不会
the kitchen ideas all belong over there you don't bring them to this problem 是一个问题，正好有70％
you don't bring them to this problem 学生们不认为植物
you don't bring them to this problem exactly right 他们曾经用过氧气
exactly right 所以这又是与
exactly right we're going to talk about the 这些早期的直观想法中的一些
we're going to talk about the 关于植物是一种非生物
we're going to talk about the contextualization of knowledge a little 您认为有很多实体
contextualization of knowledge a little 之间的联系，你早就知道年轻
contextualization of knowledge a little bit so for the past 40 years it turns 孩子们想到植物，所以其中之一
bit so for the past 40 years it turns 资源，如果您有兴趣
bit so for the past 40 years it turns out that there's hundreds maybe even 像我知道你来这里的学生想法
out that there's hundreds maybe even 专注于基因组学和许多基因组学
out that there's hundreds maybe even thousands of peer-reviewed studies 概念，但事实证明，很多
thousands of peer-reviewed studies 遗传概念
thousands of peer-reviewed studies looking at the composition of the room 很小的孩子，你实际上
looking at the composition of the room 看他们
looking at the composition of the room and what's always surprising to me as 与很多这些非常非常相关
and what's always surprising to me as 您将要遇到的复杂想法
and what's always surprising to me as house many scientists really aren't 在教书，所以有一个非常好的
house many scientists really aren't 书目由
house many scientists really aren't aware of all the work that's spent and 德国的同事Reinders谁做的
aware of all the work that's spent and 他的研究小组综合了几个
aware of all the work that's spent and looking at the decoration of the room of 千项学生思想研究和
looking at the decoration of the room of 把它们放在一个免费的数据库中，所以我知道
looking at the decoration of the room of biology students and many others so one 你们超级忙，但你知道
biology students and many others so one 当你回来时，你开始思考
biology students and many others so one of the goals of today is that if nothing 关于遗传学和
of the goals of today is that if nothing 思想的进步，我认识你
of the goals of today is that if nothing else for you to realize that a lots been 大家有很多空闲时间
else for you to realize that a lots been 夏天无事可做
else for you to realize that a lots been done on mapping the room and that can be 大量的书目可能更多
done on mapping the room and that can be 比一个美好的夏日愉快
done on mapping the room and that can be very helpful if you're going to 但你有一件很棒的事情
very helpful if you're going to 您可以将其下载为Word
very helpful if you're going to redecorate knowing your clients what's 文档，您实际上可以通过
redecorate knowing your clients what's 像遗传学，那么你可以
redecorate knowing your clients what's likely in those rooms do you have to 轻松查看所有交易研究或
likely in those rooms do you have to 蛋白质有很多不同的主题，所以如果
likely in those rooms do you have to bring a moving van to take stuff out or 你，如果你不知道这是
bring a moving van to take stuff out or 很棒，这是一件很棒的事情，如果你
bring a moving van to take stuff out or put it in 曾经想说服您的同事
put it in 学生实际上可能有想法
put it in that's the question so by the time it 他们的房间可能实际上已满
that's the question so by the time it 我认识的很多人都有家具
that's the question so by the time it turns out students arrive in high school 熟悉私人宇宙
turns out students arrive in high school 到处都是因为你知道比
turns out students arrive in high school and undergrad classes no one has almost 这是20年的网址
and undergrad classes no one has almost 有很多很好的例子，如果有人
and undergrad classes no one has almost ever found an empty room in any study 曾经怀疑您的学生可能会
ever found an empty room in any study 在你之前做一些预装修
ever found an empty room in any study that's ever been conducted there are 上课你可以看看
that's ever been conducted there are 是的，我敢肯定，是的
that's ever been conducted there are tons of ideas about everything 绝对是的，我的意思是绝对
tons of ideas about everything 是的，是的，所以为什么这一切
tons of ideas about everything you may not consider them scientific 理论问题，我的意思是我们不能跳过
you may not consider them scientific 所有那些垃圾，并有权喜欢什么
you may not consider them scientific ideas but the students think they belong 你要做得很好，事实证明，所有
ideas but the students think they belong 这个理论的高度预测
ideas but the students think they belong in that room that you might call 老师怎么做并不奇怪
in that room that you might call 您认为通常会产生什么影响
in that room that you might call genomics or bioinformatics or sequencing 你的行为证明
genomics or bioinformatics or sequencing 真的不相信的老师
genomics or bioinformatics or sequencing or alternative splicing or whatever you 那位学生有想法
or alternative splicing or whatever you 通常在他们指导时
or alternative splicing or whatever you want to talk about they have lots of 走进房间，他们弄清楚了什么
want to talk about they have lots of 他们需要添加，然后他们计算
want to talk about they have lots of interesting ideas about what's going on 列出他们添加了多少
interesting ideas about what's going on 评估但老师
interesting ideas about what's going on there and they love the decor they love 真正相信学生有
there and they love the decor they love 想法做些很不一样的事情
there and they love the decor they love their ideas there are science ideas in 在研究高中发现
their ideas there are science ideas in 大学老师开始之前
their ideas there are science ideas in many cases they're very they have 教学和设计之前
many cases they're very they have 西拉
many cases they're very they have ownership about those ideas in the way 他们试图提供某种诊断
ownership about those ideas in the way 弄清楚什么学生的工具
ownership about those ideas in the way we want them to have ownership of the 实际拥有和正在使用
we want them to have ownership of the 对那些想法，所以他们做点什么
we want them to have ownership of the scientific ideas but they they're not 他们称诊断评估为好
scientific ideas but they they're not 尝试给一些先驱，然后他们
scientific ideas but they they're not willing to redecorate in a lot of cases 根据以下想法设计课程
willing to redecorate in a lot of cases 该房间及其重组，或
willing to redecorate in a lot of cases they'll tell you yeah sure I'm gonna 装修策略及其
they'll tell you yeah sure I'm gonna 指令与什么完全相关
they'll tell you yeah sure I'm gonna rearrange that room but they don't so as 他们找出来，最后
rearrange that room but they don't so as 看看发生了什么，所以老师谁
rearrange that room but they don't so as an instructional model the big point of 真的相信我所拥有的一切
an instructional model the big point of 到目前为止，谈论的行为与
an instructional model the big point of this sort of introduction is two things 真正认为有
this sort of introduction is two things 房间里没有东西，没有牢固的领带
this sort of introduction is two things we know are not supported by empirical 是的，是的，让我摆出姿势
we know are not supported by empirical 房间是的，我在理论上同意你的看法
we know are not supported by empirical evidence one is the instructional model 你知道我们希望像他们的物理学一样
evidence one is the instructional model 他们将学习一些概念
evidence one is the instructional model pretending the room is empty 就像流体流动一样
pretending the room is empty 循环系统或心脏如何
pretending the room is empty that's one instructional model is just 当压力作用在光学元件上时
that's one instructional model is just 谈到我们通常的视觉系统
that's one instructional model is just pretending there's nothing there but 发现一个不存在的信息
pretending there's nothing there but 很多学生，还有更多
pretending there's nothing there but pretty much we haven't really found 令人震惊的是你问他们你学到了吗
pretty much we haven't really found 光学和物理学，猜他们
pretty much we haven't really found cases of this yet for 40 years or 说不，他们从来没有涵盖过，然后
cases of this yet for 40 years or 我穿过大厅走到我的
cases of this yet for 40 years or guessing how the room is decorated it's 物理上的同事，他们就像是
guessing how the room is decorated it's 我们有一个光学月
guessing how the room is decorated it's not the most efficient approach for 所以是的，你的问题是
not the most efficient approach for 问题真的很重要，因为
not the most efficient approach for figuring out how to do that redecoration 这属于
figuring out how to do that redecoration 假装或依靠信仰说
figuring out how to do that redecoration so the field basically advocates two 在你走之前祈祷
so the field basically advocates two 一切都应该存在
so the field basically advocates two approaches knowing what's in the room 作为科学家，我们喜欢
approaches knowing what's in the room 真的问一个问题，你能告诉我吗
approaches knowing what's in the room and having a good idea of it and then 一些证据表明先决条件实际上
and having a good idea of it and then 添加稳定和持久的信息
and having a good idea of it and then thinking carefully how you're gonna 因此，作为一名科学家，我只接受
thinking carefully how you're gonna 方法
thinking carefully how you're gonna redecorate what are you going to move 给我看证据，我将离开
redecorate what are you going to move 做出决定的证据
redecorate what are you going to move around what are you gonna get rid of and 相信没有任何东西
around what are you gonna get rid of and 在那里或凭着信念，
around what are you gonna get rid of and what are you gonna add that's sort of 先决条件不是我喜欢怎么想
what are you gonna add that's sort of 作为一名科学家，我想
what are you gonna add that's sort of the analogy of this sort of approach to 我开始做自己的证据
the analogy of this sort of approach to 当然是的决定是什么
the analogy of this sort of approach to redecorating moving that beautiful 你会为此做吗，所以我们
redecorating moving that beautiful 要说说，但如果每个
redecorating moving that beautiful portrait of jean-baptiste Lamarck out 你学校的老师在这
portrait of jean-baptiste Lamarck out 模型，您可以看到这如何导致
portrait of jean-baptiste Lamarck out and moving Charles Darwin in and putting 大问题是因为一系列
and moving Charles Darwin in and putting 建立假设
and moving Charles Darwin in and putting them on the wall how are you gonna do 建立，证据从何而来
them on the wall how are you gonna do 在科学过程中告诉你
them on the wall how are you gonna do that 好的，那是我们已经得到的证据
that 超越了直觉
that well yeah or coexisting in different 哈佛学生在
well yeah or coexisting in different 视频，我们看到了系统的后果
well yeah or coexisting in different realms yes Lamarckian ideas yeah so 从来没有处理过他们的直觉
realms yes Lamarckian ideas yeah so 现在毕业了，他们有相同的
realms yes Lamarckian ideas yeah so another thing to think about in terms of 初中生的想法
another thing to think about in terms of 因为每个人都基于信仰或
another thing to think about in terms of this redecoration is have any of us ever 他们没有直觉
this redecoration is have any of us ever 没有处理房间里的东西
this redecoration is have any of us ever done any cognitive redecorating 他们以为我只需要添加
done any cognitive redecorating 科学的想法，但他们不喜欢
done any cognitive redecorating ourselves 他们马上回到的那个装饰
ourselves 他们美丽的私人宇宙
ourselves and the answer is absolutely each one of 在我们与他们互动之前创建的
and the answer is absolutely each one of 从某种意义上讲，这就是视频的重点
and the answer is absolutely each one of us went through a major major transition 所以是的，你问一个很好的
us went through a major major transition 问题是您知道我们如何
us went through a major major transition in our development about biological 我们如何摆脱这一点，但我是
in our development about biological 会鼓励你去做或者至少
in our development about biological thinking everyone in this room as far as 至少在工作时提及
thinking everyone in this room as far as 单位要思考你好吗
thinking everyone in this room as far as we based on you know inferences of how 会知道学生在哪里，所以你
we based on you know inferences of how 实际上可以构建您的基因组学模块
we based on you know inferences of how people learn everyone in this room at 或基于何处的课程或实验
people learn everyone in this room at 他们在你认为他们在哪里
people learn everyone in this room at one time thought that plants were not 应该是或您认为需要
one time thought that plants were not 是的，在我继续前进之前
one time thought that plants were not living things that's a key cognitive 集体前进，我必须带大家
living things that's a key cognitive 到同一点，我不觉得
living things that's a key cognitive transition in every human child across 真的在尝试
transition in every human child across 最近你一直在进步
transition in every human child across the entire Earth including all of you so 没有先决条件的课程，我的意思是
the entire Earth including all of you so 大二学生与他们在一起
the entire Earth including all of you so all of us at one point grouped plants 他们不必都被打破
all of us at one point grouped plants 相同的出发点
all of us at one point grouped plants with non living entities this is a key 现在进行，当然我们可以继续进行
with non living entities this is a key 具有不同技能水平的团队
with non living entities this is a key aspect of child development if familiar 每个人都学到不同的东西，
aspect of child development if familiar 那就是你的总结
aspect of child development if familiar very very similar so one of the big 评估就是总结
very very similar so one of the big 评估变得危险，我不是在说
very very similar so one of the big questions is from a cognitive 是的，是的，那是
questions is from a cognitive 当我们进入第二个模型时
questions is from a cognitive perspective when we make that transition 所谓的增值之美
perspective when we make that transition 只是看在哪里
perspective when we make that transition we learn something and that's what this 最初每个人都比较
we learn something and that's what this 无论您从哪里开始，是否
we learn something and that's what this you guys are here for right is to think 如果你稍微移动一点，开始时会很低
you guys are here for right is to think 一点增值的目的
you guys are here for right is to think about how your students are gonna learn 评估是为了表明还有多少
about how your students are gonna learn 我帮助较低的学生
about how your students are gonna learn one of the big questions in science 与我对学生有多大帮助
one of the big questions in science 谁真的很高，但事实并非如此
one of the big questions in science education is when you learn do you ever 假设每个人都是平等的
education is when you learn do you ever 他们的先验知识很棒
education is when you learn do you ever really redecorate and so a lot of my 这个问题很好，所以
really redecorate and so a lot of my 实际上有第三个模型是
really redecorate and so a lot of my cognitive psychologists colleagues like 更加复杂的
cognitive psychologists colleagues like 教师的信念和教师的行为，以及
cognitive psychologists colleagues like John opfer and Sigler and others 那不仅是你尝试看
John opfer and Sigler and others 他们从哪里开始，但是你在
John opfer and Sigler and others actually have done some studies of 穿越过程中不断检查
actually have done some studies of 每个形成性评估循环
actually have done some studies of biologists like you and they've strapped 通过小小的答题器上课
biologists like you and they've strapped 很少的作业可以快速完成
biologists like you and they've strapped them up to machines and they've showed 告诉你事情进展如何
them up to machines and they've showed 这堂课，你不断
them up to machines and they've showed them some pictures and they asked about 一直在重新调整，以便您
them some pictures and they asked about 你担心
them some pictures and they asked about all these living things whether they're 好吧，我涵盖了很多我有想法让
all these living things whether they're 我检查一下，看看情况如何
all these living things whether they're alive or not and it turns out it takes 当我移动
alive or not and it turns out it takes 通过我的实验室，即使是一堂课
alive or not and it turns out it takes biologists evolutionary biologists 就像我给出的例子
biologists evolutionary biologists 植物及其呼吸
biologists evolutionary biologists botanists Oh ologists twice as long to 我已经准备好上课了
botanists Oh ologists twice as long to 像是掉鞋的那种
botanists Oh ologists twice as long to identify as a plant as alive in 你就像哦，天哪，你明白了
identify as a plant as alive in 答题者答案，好像有70％
identify as a plant as alive in microseconds as it does animals 错过了关于 816 整个概念很好，因为我正在使用
and so a lot of this research which has 这种形成性评估
and so a lot of this research which has 循环我实际上有几张幻灯片
and so a lot of this research which has really led to a big explosion in how how 准备在那里以防万一回到
really led to a big explosion in how how 主题并说明原因
really led to a big explosion in how how this redecoration process happens is 或不是真的，所以我实际上是
this redecoration process happens is 准备弄清楚是否有
this redecoration process happens is that it people really think now and 灾难在我的工厂里隐约可见
that it people really think now and 准备好了，我准备好了武器
that it people really think now and we've done they've done this a bunch of 如您所见，这非常痛苦
we've done they've done this a bunch of 现在使用PowerPoint我的PowerPoint
we've done they've done this a bunch of other cognitive psychologists and in 武器在那里，我们可以回顾一下
other cognitive psychologists and in 一些材料，实际上显示一些
other cognitive psychologists and in physics and chemistry and they've 视频片段再次讲述了呼吸
physics and chemistry and they've 作品
physics and chemistry and they've studied some of these early intuitive 是的，那只是其中之一
studied some of these early intuitive 您如何做到的简单示例
studied some of these early intuitive ideas that children have in practicing 但还是让我们退后一步吧
ideas that children have in practicing 耶耶耶
ideas that children have in practicing scientists and they found that it takes 我愿意，我要给你看整个
scientists and they found that it takes 一堆是的，我想我必须
scientists and they found that it takes much more effort to sort of recognize 是啊
much more effort to sort of recognize 形成性的，因为我实际上有一个
much more effort to sort of recognize intuitive ideas and overcome them 间谍我实际上曾经做过诊断
intuitive ideas and overcome them 对你的评估，但你可能没有
intuitive ideas and overcome them suggesting and this is what they think 意识到有人来跟你说话
suggesting and this is what they think 在烧烤处叫凯伦，我说
suggesting and this is what they think you never really are redecorating the 我要你进去弄清楚哪里
you never really are redecorating the 人们在他们的
you never really are redecorating the room you're just kind of closing it off 教育的想法，所以我实际上做了一个
room you're just kind of closing it off 对您进行诊断评估，但您可能会
room you're just kind of closing it off and suppressing it and trying not to go 还没有意识到，她说她
and suppressing it and trying not to go 我把她送进了一个很棒的痣
and suppressing it and trying not to go there so to speak because it takes much 渗透系统的情况，以及
there so to speak because it takes much 报告回来是的，但对于你们来说
there so to speak because it takes much more effort to try to even for a 是的，你知道我们很好，我们还有其他
more effort to try to even for a 现在正在渗透的团体
more effort to try to even for a professional biologists like you most of 只是你必须签署一份表格说
professional biologists like you most of 她的身份是机密的，所以其中之一
professional biologists like you most of you I hope think that plants are alive 她告诉我的是你们
you I hope think that plants are alive 在很多非常不同的水平
you I hope think that plants are alive but why does it take why does it take 就您的教育经历而言
but why does it take why does it take 我今天的演讲实际上包括
but why does it take why does it take you so much longer including myself if 关于某些观点的异质观点
you so much longer including myself if 这些问题，对于那些
you so much longer including myself if I'm sure if I did the test 更高级的我还有更多
I'm sure if I did the test 像我这样的人的高级东西
I'm sure if I did the test I would've take me twice as long to 甚至不知道那是什么科学
I would've take me twice as long to 有点给你，所以我实际上做了
I would've take me twice as long to recognize a plant versus an animal so 我来做我的诊断之前
recognize a plant versus an animal so 最好，这并不意味着我成功了
recognize a plant versus an animal so cognitive psychologists think that we're 只是意味着我试图使用它，所以我
cognitive psychologists think that we're 将会告诉你，尽管如此
cognitive psychologists think that we're really suppressing not rewriting like in 再次为什么我们要关心所有这些
really suppressing not rewriting like in 理论的东西只是为了回击
really suppressing not rewriting like in our hard drive like deleting our old 哈佛视频显示的消息
our hard drive like deleting our old 有几点，一个就是如果你不
our hard drive like deleting our old files we still have all this junk there 与直觉交往，你不可能
files we still have all this junk there 如果你所有的学生都离开，我会感到惊讶
files we still have all this junk there and so when you ask the question why is 他们中间有相同的想法
and so when you ask the question why is 学校，你应该为此做好准备
and so when you ask the question why is it so hard to learn some concepts in 因为如果你不凭直觉工作
it so hard to learn some concepts in 直觉不会改变那一点
it so hard to learn some concepts in biology because it's extremely effortful 第二点是你知道的更多
biology because it's extremely effortful 关于房间里什么更好的工作
biology because it's extremely effortful and you're not really rewriting the hard 您可以使用其中的内容进行工作，
and you're not really rewriting the hard 可能重新安排它，并
and you're not really rewriting the hard drive you're just sort of putting that 重组它是两个
drive you're just sort of putting that 要点和实用技巧
drive you're just sort of putting that file somewhere else on the hard drive 消息是
file somewhere else on the hard drive 真正相信的老师
file somewhere else on the hard drive and trying not to access it but when you 学生的想法在行为上有所不同
and trying not to access it but when you 教室里的人比那些不这样的人
and trying not to access it but when you try to think about it that file still is 我在本讲课初期的一部分
try to think about it that file still is 就是想着你的信念
try to think about it that file still is brought up just like in in the new 老师，想一想
brought up just like in in the new 与您在这方面的行为有关
brought up just like in in the new version of like office every time I open 所以这些是主要的评估点
version of like office every time I open 所以第一部分的问题思考
version of like office every time I open a PowerPoint all the other powerpoints I 您的信念正在影响您的行为
a PowerPoint all the other powerpoints I 是的，这是一个很好的问题，事实证明
a PowerPoint all the other powerpoints I was recently using pop up and I'm like 有一些术语
was recently using pop up and I'm like 已经用于与学生想法有关
was recently using pop up and I'm like this is really irritating and it's just 我们在私人宇宙视频中看到了
this is really irritating and it's just 他们使用误解这个词
this is really irritating and it's just like what may be happening in our minds 还有术语替代概念
like what may be happening in our minds 有一个术语“先入为主”
like what may be happening in our minds when we think about science all these 术语概念是当前
when we think about science all these 上下文概念框架，所以有
when we think about science all these old files get pulled up and you're 我不会使用的各种术语
old files get pulled up and you're 尝试使它成为免费的术语
old files get pulled up and you're trying to like close those files as 可能真的有很多
trying to like close those files as 我们领域中的重要概念
trying to like close those files as you're thinking about the new idea so 喜欢基因和等位基因的人大多数人
you're thinking about the new idea so 会说，是的，所有这些行话
you're thinking about the new idea so the ghosts in the room is another way of 无论在科学广告中还是一样
the ghosts in the room is another way of 我的意思是科学家经常说哦
the ghosts in the room is another way of thinking about it we're all haunted 这个术语让我们经常看到进化
thinking about it we're all haunted 自然选择那些行话的人
thinking about it we're all haunted cognitive psychologists think for this 真的很在乎，但在我们领域
cognitive psychologists think for this 这些想法实际上非常深刻
cognitive psychologists think for this thinking about all kinds of topics lots 与有关的理论联系在一起
thinking about all kinds of topics lots 超级重要的认知，例如
thinking about all kinds of topics lots of genetics concepts in particular we 先受孕与
of genetics concepts in particular we 误解有很大的不同
of genetics concepts in particular we have a lot of intuition about things 含义，但是对于我们在我们的任务中，我们不会
have a lot of intuition about things 不得不强调这一点，所以我们
have a lot of intuition about things like blending inheritance which we all 创建一个大垃圾箱，我们有点
like blending inheritance which we all 扔掉所有与
like blending inheritance which we all have been taught doesn't work and it 学生的任何东西都进入那个垃圾箱
have been taught doesn't work and it 我可以称它们为概念或
have been taught doesn't work and it turns out even in studies like this 误解或幼稚的想法或
turns out even in studies like this 直觉的想法，但我们只是要
turns out even in studies like this there's lots of very very fundamental 这样做是因为我们有更重要的
there's lots of very very fundamental 要做的事情要比整理所有
there's lots of very very fundamental genetics concepts that are still 术语，但这是一个很好的问题
genetics concepts that are still 我的简短回答是，确实有
genetics concepts that are still haunting the room just like everything 重要差异，但我不确定
haunting the room just like everything 这也很重要
haunting the room just like everything else 手头的任务，这就是我会做的
else 回答那很棒，那很棒
else plant and animal transition so so then 非常好，然后我们会问
plant and animal transition so so then 您正在使用哪种类型的预测试
plant and animal transition so so then how do we look at this process of 对于我要去的第二部分
how do we look at this process of 谈论是与
how do we look at this process of learning then given what we know about 学生的想法，你怎么知道是否
learning then given what we know about 学生实际上在学习
learning then given what we know about what's in the room well a lot of people 您在您的班级中以及其他
what's in the room well a lot of people 当我们考虑时，这通常被忽略
what's in the room well a lot of people have now conceptualized the whole 教学与评估是
have now conceptualized the whole 测试您的推断结果
have now conceptualized the whole learning process in all areas of science 当我们执行任务时，我们经常会
learning process in all areas of science 做你知道的争论
learning process in all areas of science as expanding school science knowledge 仓促概括等理论
as expanding school science knowledge 我们真正跳到结论的地方
as expanding school science knowledge increasing say your knowledge of 根据可能会或可能不会的推断
increasing say your knowledge of 是真实的，科学家经常混淆
increasing say your knowledge of genetics where you understand Mendelian 观察和推论
genetics where you understand Mendelian 测试我会给你看一些例子
genetics where you understand Mendelian inheritance molecular inheritance that 但我认为这真的很重要，是我
inheritance molecular inheritance that 觉得这很有趣，而且我
inheritance molecular inheritance that you understand multiple theories of the 希望你也会因为它真的可以
you understand multiple theories of the 有所作为，所以当我们再次教书时
you understand multiple theories of the gene and their applications in different 作为我们我的科学家之一
gene and their applications in different 认为我们都相信，我认为这是
gene and their applications in different fields you understand things like 真正的信念是我们应该
fields you understand things like 使用基于证据的推理
fields you understand things like alternative splicing you learn about 关于我们应该使用的教学的决定
alternative splicing you learn about 证据不是某种信仰或信念
alternative splicing you learn about epigenetics and things like that so your 他们大约涵盖了您的话题吗
epigenetics and things like that so your 知道他们有想法吗我真的
epigenetics and things like that so your knowledge of genetics really expands but 让他们学习我们真的很想
knowledge of genetics really expands but 摆脱对科学的信仰
knowledge of genetics really expands but your intuition may never ever change so 我认为这是我希望的证据
your intuition may never ever change so 我们都同意，这只是
your intuition may never ever change so you still have all of these sort of 就像在科学界一样，有很多
you still have all of these sort of 证明有很多数据，特别是
you still have all of these sort of childlike intuitions about biology that 有了大数据，我们正在学习
childlike intuitions about biology that 并不意味着它总是高质量
childlike intuitions about biology that are persisting alongside your newly 数据或有意义的数据
are persisting alongside your newly 关于大数据影响的辩论
are persisting alongside your newly gained scientific knowledge which you 在向我们展示，所以当我们做
gained scientific knowledge which you 关于做出
gained scientific knowledge which you may revert back to so this is one of the 我们真的想思考的实验室或讲座
may revert back to so this is one of the 关于我们有哪些证据
may revert back to so this is one of the big questions in the field is in college 关于我们班上发生的事情
big questions in the field is in college 所以你的基本方法之一
big questions in the field is in college instruction in particular as someone who 您可能熟悉，但我
instruction in particular as someone who 只想通过它并给你
instruction in particular as someone who teaches a 500-person intro bio class 有些可能是一些您不想要的工具
teaches a 500-person intro bio class 有定义可衡量的学习
teaches a 500-person intro bio class every semester I actually look at a lot 当您进行实验室或
every semester I actually look at a lot 讲座你真的想说我该怎么办
every semester I actually look at a lot of the student ideas and what we find is 希望学生学习以及什么
of the student ideas and what we find is 我可以收集证据表明我
of the student ideas and what we find is that as students learn one of the goals 成功与否，或者说
that as students learn one of the goals 学习目标可能是我想
that as students learn one of the goals is to try to engage in intuition as we 与学生直觉有关
is to try to engage in intuition as we 植物，我要他们重组
is to try to engage in intuition as we teach to try to rework that room and 这种直觉，所以他们思考
teach to try to rework that room and 科学地全球变暖
teach to try to rework that room and pull out those ideas that students have 避免碳循环的准确方法
pull out those ideas that students have 只是你记住植物的东西
pull out those ideas that students have one of the most interesting consequences 呼吸不仅是另一块
one of the most interesting consequences 行话，这实际上是
one of the most interesting consequences of that is that as we teach concepts a 全球碳循环与全球变暖
of that is that as we teach concepts a 所以我真的想要他们我需要工作
of that is that as we teach concepts a lot of students are mixing sort of these 凭直觉了解这些大
lot of students are mixing sort of these 主题，所以我的学习目标之一
lot of students are mixing sort of these intuitive naive ideas with the new 可能是我想重组
intuitive naive ideas with the new 直觉，典型的中学
intuitive naive ideas with the new scientific information that we teach 学生带我上大学
scientific information that we teach 因为从那以后观念一直没有改变
scientific information that we teach them like let me give you an example 中学，那是我想要的一件事
them like let me give you an example 做另一件事是收集
them like let me give you an example like if you teach bio like me you've 证明你知道在做某事
like if you teach bio like me you've 知道评估以收集信息
like if you teach bio like me you've probably given a multiple-choice test on 然后评估推论
probably given a multiple-choice test on 那些人为您提供了
probably given a multiple-choice test on a multiple-choice test what's 工具，然后使用证据和
a multiple-choice test what's 您的基于证据的推理
a multiple-choice test what's interesting is we typically give them 推理知识网络
interesting is we typically give them 有行动计划
interesting is we typically give them one accurate scientific idea and then a 这样做，这就是我要说的
one accurate scientific idea and then a 你们中大多数人的问题是多少
one accurate scientific idea and then a bunch of inaccurate scientific ideas how 大家听到了异象，改变了
bunch of inaccurate scientific ideas how 你们大多数人，如果您还没有听说过
bunch of inaccurate scientific ideas how often are those multiple choice options 它的愿景和变化是什么
often are those multiple choice options 在这一点上感到疲劳的你，
often are those multiple choice options mixed with intuitive ideas about the 无法获得提高您的能量
mixed with intuitive ideas about the 手
mixed with intuitive ideas about the same concept that are mixed with 需要那杯咖啡，你就
same concept that are mixed with 想想午餐基本上是什么
same concept that are mixed with scientific ideas in other words do our 愿景和变化是数百万美元
scientific ideas in other words do our 国家科学的美元努力
scientific ideas in other words do our questions really mirror the way students Foundation和Triple A尝试
questions really mirror the way students 从无数种重组生物学
questions really mirror the way students are thinking 很多小东西
are thinking 压缩成一对非常大的
are thinking so we could measure how much we're 应该涵盖的重要思想
so we could measure how much we're 在入门生物学中
so we could measure how much we're moving them as they learn so again as 试图提供一个概念框架
moving them as they learn so again as 对于每一个混乱
moving them as they learn so again as the the current understanding in the 您已经介绍过的生物学简介
the the current understanding in the 曾经见过，所以愿景和变化
the the current understanding in the field of how people conceptualize 实际上有助于指导您
field of how people conceptualize 考虑基因组学时的努力
field of how people conceptualize science especially college students is 因为基因组学中的一切都应该
science especially college students is 与一些核心思想有关
science especially college students is that they typically mix some of these 远见与改变显然相关
that they typically mix some of these 与信息相关的进化
that they typically mix some of these intuitive ideas that are still there 它与结构功能有关
intuitive ideas that are still there 所以我们希望您能想到
intuitive ideas that are still there with some of the new scientific ideas 关于一个单位的学习成果
with some of the new scientific ideas 想把它绑回去
with some of the new scientific ideas that we add to it but we often don't 学生装修他们的房子是
that we add to it but we often don't 没有很多小房间的混乱
that we add to it but we often don't move them to a sort of pure scientific 隔离信息，但他们开始
move them to a sort of pure scientific 看看基因组学实际上是如何关联的
move them to a sort of pure scientific model without those intuitive or naive 几乎所有内容的概念网络
model without those intuitive or naive 生物学，你打算如何
model without those intuitive or naive ideas so as we begin the task of 确保装饰是连贯的，
ideas so as we begin the task of 有凝聚力的学生还是你
ideas so as we begin the task of assessment one of the questions is are 只是教他们一些方法
assessment one of the questions is are 坐在阁楼的一个小房间里
assessment one of the questions is are your assessment questions able to 最终被关闭，
your assessment questions able to 忘记了
your assessment questions able to actually measure the realm of what's in 再次，愿景和变化可能会非常
actually measure the realm of what's in 当您考虑自己的情况时会有所帮助
actually measure the realm of what's in those rooms in that house that cognitive 设计时学习成果
those rooms in that house that cognitive 当然，当我们考虑
those rooms in that house that cognitive house or are you only testing whether 弄清楚我们是否做得很好
house or are you only testing whether 如果我们的学生正在学习，我们会尝试
house or are you only testing whether you have more of this and what the field 在我们的定义一些可衡量的东西
you have more of this and what the field 我们可以在预测试中查看
you have more of this and what the field would really like is for biologists to 然后我们可以穿越这个大
would really like is for biologists to 查看是否对我们有任何影响
would really like is for biologists to consider how are you engaging with that 学生学习，有很多
consider how are you engaging with that 大家都知道很多步骤
consider how are you engaging with that intuition as well as engaging with this 您所使用的仪器或某种测试
intuition as well as engaging with this 可以用来看看你的学生
intuition as well as engaging with this additional information and our students 正在学习使用的好处
additional information and our students 这些工具是你没有开发的
additional information and our students actually building these mixtures of 他们你可能会很好地表达你的意思
actually building these mixtures of 我当然是教授
actually building these mixtures of ideas or not so do you have questions 如果所有的制药公司都测试良好
ideas or not so do you have questions 世界上所有他们自己的测试
ideas or not so do you have questions that ask about that if not how do you 关于他们的产品是否很棒，我们
that ask about that if not how do you 你可能不知道有很多
that ask about that if not how do you know if you're really getting them to 对这些结果充满信心
know if you're really getting them to 经常即使我们是科学家
know if you're really getting them to learn because learning is moving with 重视独立某人的想法
learn because learning is moving with 否则检查我们的工作或使用工具
learn because learning is moving with what's in the room now I have a short 我们自己没有发明那是
what's in the room now I have a short 科学的要点之一
what's in the room now I have a short video that many of you may have seen 我要去很多乐器
video that many of you may have seen 给你看，我相信你知道很多
video that many of you may have seen that illustrates this challenge do you 这些以及其他人
that illustrates this challenge do you 开发来测量一些核心
that illustrates this challenge do you think do we have audio if I play this 你试图做到的想法结果 1096 人类是可怕的
yes just a quick test plug that in sure 各种潜意识的东西，如果我们
yes just a quick test plug that in sure 有点知道正在测试什么
yes just a quick test plug that in sure oh we also need wireless hope Spring 非常好，我们经常会倾斜我们的
oh we also need wireless hope Spring 满足我们自己的一些指令
oh we also need wireless hope Spring Harbor 需要，所以尝试使用一些东西很好 1102 如果可以的话，可以采取一种独立的措施
I've got internet so we're good just do 你们有些人要担心人类
I've got internet so we're good just do 像在您的学校一样受保护
I've got internet so we're good just do a little 是吗 1106 嘿给学生很多诊断
okay so we'll watch this for about two 测试还是您需要您的人类科目
okay so we'll watch this for about two 一群人说好吧，你知道也许
okay so we'll watch this for about two minutes that's just an example a lot of 您应该给他们选择退出的选项
minutes that's just an example a lot of 我们不会谈论这个，但是
minutes that's just an example a lot of you probably saw this but it's good to 这是要考虑的东西
you probably saw this but it's good to 那你会收集很多观察
you probably saw this but it's good to rethink of it's about two minutes 基本上是你的测试，这是 1114 我想谈的事情是因为
many of these they had the earth travels 是经常被遗忘的东西
many of these they had the earth travels 我很确定你们可以
many of these they had the earth travels around the Sun it gets nearer the Sun 找出事前测试并做
around the Sun it gets nearer the Sun 乐器，但我要谈一个
around the Sun it gets nearer the Sun which produces warmer weather and there 关于推理测试的一些知识 1120 当您拥有远见和改变时
has to do with the closeness of the 开始弄清楚你的学习
has to do with the closeness of the 其他文件的结果取决于
has to do with the closeness of the earth to the Sun during this you 根据你的教导我知道你 1124 伙计们正在教各种
and it gets hotter when we get closer to 实验室内容和讲座内容
and it gets hotter when we get closer to 级别和较低级别，我也想
and it gets hotter when we get closer to the Sun I think the schools are we get 指出另外两个可以
the Sun I think the schools are we get 如果不确定，将非常有帮助
the Sun I think the schools are we get further away from these graduates like 学习成果，甚至是基本的
further away from these graduates like 您真正想要的遗传
further away from these graduates like many of us think of the Earth's orbit is 加强你的东西和
many of us think of the Earth's orbit is k-12科学教育的框架
many of us think of the Earth's orbit is a highly exaggerated ellipse even though 可能听说过这是另一个新消息
a highly exaggerated ellipse even though 试行相对较新的政策文件
a highly exaggerated ellipse even though the Earth's orbit is very nearly 指出了关键思想
the Earth's orbit is very nearly 遗传很有趣，我是卡伦
the Earth's orbit is very nearly circular with distance producing 谈论这件事
circular with distance producing 我们在这里检查了生物信息学
circular with distance producing virtually no effect on the seasons we 除了基因组学之外没有其他
virtually no effect on the seasons we 是的，有一点
virtually no effect on the seasons we carry with us the strong incorrect 基因组学在这里，但很多
carry with us the strong incorrect 遗传学的基础是
carry with us the strong incorrect belief that changing distance is 实际上在这里，所以如果你们中有些人在
belief that changing distance is 有点想知道谁给了我
belief that changing distance is responsible for the seasons so that 确定我的学生是否真的了解
responsible for the seasons so that 这些核心遗传学思想，我正在尝试
responsible for the seasons so that gives you sort of a sense of the ghosts 教他们真的很复杂
gives you sort of a sense of the ghosts 基因组学也许我不应该只是假设
gives you sort of a sense of the ghosts in the room there's a fundamental 相信他们已经做到了这一点
in the room there's a fundamental 也许我应该检查一下
in the room there's a fundamental intuition that as we get closer to 这些可能是很好的来源
intuition that as we get closer to 看他们应该知道得到什么
intuition that as we get closer to something that's a heat source it gets 回到他们采取的问题
something that's a heat source it gets 他们正确的前提
something that's a heat source it gets hotter and as we move away it gets 在这里，您实际上可以检查一些
hotter and as we move away it gets 这些较低层次的东西，其他
hotter and as we move away it gets cooler and what we're seeing is this 是霍华德·休斯医学研究所
cooler and what we're seeing is this 如果您已经看过科学
cooler and what we're seeing is this intuition sort of applied to many 未来医师的基础
intuition sort of applied to many 每个人都几乎没有
intuition sort of applied to many different situations including the 这是另一个重要的指导，您知道
different situations including the 你们很多人都喜欢我，我教授医学预科课程
different situations including the seasons of the earth so we can see that 他们将参加我的课程，所以如果你
seasons of the earth so we can see that 有任何药前治疗很重要
seasons of the earth so we can see that the ghosts in the room are really here 考虑新的MCAT以及什么
the ghosts in the room are really here 一些新的大创意在
the ghosts in the room are really here so many of you may not realize that 是的，生物学
so many of you may not realize that 是的，是的，绝对是的
so many of you may not realize that there really are these sort of 另一个很棒的文件是的
there really are these sort of 绝对是X的出色补充
there really are these sort of intuitions that are part of the 是的，是的，这是很大的
intuitions that are part of the 我们正在谈论的问题我们正在谈论
intuitions that are part of the cognitive apparatus and it turns out in 关于这一点，但这些对于遗传学
cognitive apparatus and it turns out in 扫盲是个不错的开始
cognitive apparatus and it turns out in college to a large extent these ideas 点，如果您还没有看到它们，并且
college to a large extent these ideas 被要求做学习目标
college to a large extent these ideas are still there and being used a lot 这些文件好漂亮
are still there and being used a lot 和昂贵的陈述
are still there and being used a lot I had a great clicker question in my 您可以实际使用这些开始
I had a great clicker question in my 建立一些学习
I had a great clicker question in my intro bio class last semester you know 目标不要只坐在那里
intro bio class last semester you know 从头开始尝试建立在
intro bio class last semester you know we had just finished talking all about 这些文件是因为
we had just finished talking all about 工作，所以回到问题确定
we had just finished talking all about respiration photosynthesis and plants 让我们说只是为了
respiration photosynthesis and plants 我已经说服了你
respiration photosynthesis and plants and plant evolution and then I asked the 学生可能会有一些想法
and plant evolution and then I asked the 想要进行诊断前测试并
and plant evolution and then I asked the class so do plants ever respire yeah 您可能想使用一些预发布
class so do plants ever respire yeah 学得好，你能用什么好
class so do plants ever respire yeah it's a great question and and my 你们很多人可能都熟悉
it's a great question and and my 术语概念清单（如果不是全部）
it's a great question and and my colleague was convinced who actually 通常是诊断测试
colleague was convinced who actually 看一下直观的类型
colleague was convinced who actually taught the plant unit he's like oh of 学生的思想和科学思想
taught the plant unit he's like oh of 有一个特定的主题
taught the plant unit he's like oh of course like I covered it all this isn't 大量的概念库存
course like I covered it all this isn't 网关文章，如果您不知道该怎么办
course like I covered it all this isn't gonna be a different this isn't gonna be 一个概念清单就是
gonna be a different this isn't gonna be 甚至不想现在提出来
gonna be a different this isn't gonna be a problem yeah and exactly about 70% of 2008年的《生物科学》杂志有点
a problem yeah and exactly about 70% of 现在过时了，但它给了你一个
a problem yeah and exactly about 70% of the students didn't think that plants 什么是概念的概述
the students didn't think that plants 很好地盘点它与
the students didn't think that plants ever used oxygen they just produced it 就像我测试一样
ever used oxygen they just produced it 与概念清单的区别
ever used oxygen they just produced it so and this is again this is related to 主要区别是回答您的
so and this is again this is related to 迫在眉睫的问题是，从来没有
so and this is again this is related to some of these early intuitive ideas 问它是否包含有关的问题
some of these early intuitive ideas 直觉很多直觉的想法是
some of these early intuitive ideas about plants as kind of non living 作为干扰因素包括在
about plants as kind of non living 选择题，所以学生必须
about plants as kind of non living entities you think there's a lot of 想一想，我必须选择
entities you think there's a lot of 科学的想法或这种直觉
entities you think there's a lot of connection between early you know young 相似的想法，哪一个
connection between early you know young 他们选择
connection between early you know young children think about plants so so one of 衡量直觉的程度
children think about plants so so one of 当他们看着
children think about plants so so one of the resources if you're interested in 问题，所以现在大约有两倍
the resources if you're interested in 概念清单的数量，但这些
the resources if you're interested in student ideas like I know you're here to 可以集成到模​​型中
student ideas like I know you're here to 开始进行诊断评估
student ideas like I know you're here to focus on genomics and a lot of genomics 一些概念清单，您可以
focus on genomics and a lot of genomics 甚至用作答题器问题，或者只是
focus on genomics and a lot of genomics concepts but it turns out that a lot of 如果有小班的话可以公开讨论
concepts but it turns out that a lot of 你移动时可以问一些
concepts but it turns out that a lot of genetic concepts that are developed in 通过看学生如何
genetic concepts that are developed in 当我问关于
genetic concepts that are developed in very young children you will actually 我实际上依靠的植物
very young children you will actually 其他诊断测试，我问过
very young children you will actually see them 我上课之前的问题
see them 所以我期望麻烦就是我的原因
see them related to a lot of these very very 准备好了，让我回应了
related to a lot of these very very 学生手头的问题，我有一个
related to a lot of these very very complicated ideas that you're going to 关于这个的点击器问题，我
complicated ideas that you're going to 知道那是为什么，因为我有一个
complicated ideas that you're going to be teaching and so there's a very nice 诊断评估，我读过
be teaching and so there's a very nice 这些关于学生想法的文章很多
be teaching and so there's a very nice bibliography that was put together by a 因此，当您执行此操作时，这是一个来源
bibliography that was put together by a 现在我已经知道
bibliography that was put together by a colleague in Germany Reinders do it who 你们很多人都在教课外
colleague in Germany Reinders do it who 只是基因组学，所以很多涵盖了
colleague in Germany Reinders do it who his research team synthesized several 很多事情，例如
his research team synthesized several 物质和能量是一个巨大的问题
his research team synthesized several thousand studies of student ideas and 我的学生，他们做各种各样的事情
thousand studies of student ideas and 爱因斯坦不认为存在，
thousand studies of student ideas and put them in a free database so I know 你可以认为他们很有创造力
put them in a free database so I know 或真的没有得到它，所以有
put them in a free database so I know you guys are super busy but you know 进化中的许多不同事物
you guys are super busy but you know 渗透到遗传漂移，你可以
you guys are super busy but you know when you get back and you start to think 在你之前看着你的学生
when you get back and you start to think 开始教他们是的，所以这样
when you get back and you start to think about genetics and sort of the 概念清单是有组织的
about genetics and sort of the 问题的逻辑联系
about genetics and sort of the progression of thought and I know you 关于一个特定的话题，所以它
progression of thought and I know you 通常有10到20个问题
progression of thought and I know you guys have so much free time in the 是开放式的，就像我发明了一些
guys have so much free time in the 更加书面化，我们使用
guys have so much free time in the summer with nothing to do so perusing a 机器学习技术
summer with nothing to do so perusing a 分析，但是其中很多是
summer with nothing to do so perusing a huge bibliography what could be more 现在谈论一个话题，因为你们大多数人
huge bibliography what could be more 这里专注于与基因组相关的
huge bibliography what could be more enjoyable than that on a nice summer day 理想的一些最佳选择
enjoyable than that on a nice summer day 我今天为你挑选的
enjoyable than that on a nice summer day but you've one of the great things about 可能有用，您可能知道
but you've one of the great things about 这些你有遗传学的概念
but you've one of the great things about it is you can download it as a Word 库存
it is you can download it as a Word 你有遗传学知识
it is you can download it as a Word document and you can actually search by 评定
document and you can actually search by 你有诊断仪器
document and you can actually search by like genetics and well then you can MCB入门课程，内容涵盖
like genetics and well then you can 许多基因组和基础遗传
like genetics and well then you can easily see all the studies of deals or 想法，然后是科罗拉多小组
easily see all the studies of deals or 已经学到很多东西
easily see all the studies of deals or proteins lots of different topics so if 你们对这个话题的态度
proteins lots of different topics so if 不只是对是否
proteins lots of different topics so if you if you aren't aware of this this is 他们正在学习材料或
you if you aren't aware of this this is 重新排列他们对你的理解
you if you aren't aware of this this is a great this is a great thing and if you 对他们的态度是否感兴趣
a great this is a great thing and if you 实际上正在改变科学
a great this is a great thing and if you ever want to convince your colleagues 本身以及C Laz乐器
ever want to convince your colleagues 科罗拉多州可以用来看看是否
ever want to convince your colleagues that students actually might have ideas 你是你的教学活动
that students actually might have ideas 改变态度，所以如果你我做了
that students actually might have ideas their rooms might actually be filled 确保所有这些，如果你，如果你
their rooms might actually be filled 谷歌他们，他们会马上出现
their rooms might actually be filled with furniture many of you I know are 所以但这另一篇文章有​​一个
with furniture many of you I know are 其中很多以及非常好
with furniture many of you I know are familiar with private universe that's 分子细胞生物学
familiar with private universe that's 说
familiar with private universe that's been around for like you know more than 很大的实际问题
been around for like you know more than 因为您显然已经与
been around for like you know more than 20 years here this is the URL where 学生们
20 years here this is the URL where 只是问你一些不同的东西
20 years here this is the URL where there's lots of great examples if anyone 所以通常我们做什么，做什么
there's lots of great examples if anyone 全国各地的人是
there's lots of great examples if anyone ever doubts that your students might 不提供一些额外的信用点
ever doubts that your students might 不管你是对还是错，但是
ever doubts that your students might have some pre decoration before your 您是否完成它，我们就是我们的
have some pre decoration before your 实际学习管理系统
have some pre decoration before your class you can you can take a look at 显示学生花了多长时间
class you can you can take a look at 特殊的事情，所以我们通常说
class you can you can take a look at that yeah I'd sure absolutely yeah yeah 看，我们知道您花了多长时间，所以
that yeah I'd sure absolutely yeah yeah 如果你要花，就像你知道五个
that yeah I'd sure absolutely yeah yeah absolutely yeah yeah I mean definitely 单击这些多项选择的秒数
absolutely yeah yeah I mean definitely 事情快到你想要的就不会
absolutely yeah yeah I mean definitely yeah sure yeah so so why does all this 得到额外的信用点，所以你知道
yeah sure yeah so so why does all this 你会认识你的学生，我是说我要
yeah sure yeah so so why does all this theory matter I mean can't we just skip 做这样的事情，也许你的学生
theory matter I mean can't we just skip 哦，是的，这是假的，是的，
theory matter I mean can't we just skip all that junk and get right to like what 您可能不想在某个地方认识他们
all that junk and get right to like what 水平，但是的，你一定要
all that junk and get right to like what you got to do well it turns out that all 考虑一些东西
you got to do well it turns out that all 额外的功劳和证明的是
you got to do well it turns out that all of this theory is highly predictive of 当你付出时最有效的事情
of this theory is highly predictive of 这些真的是我的意思，你
of this theory is highly predictive of what teachers do that's not a surprise 不想明显撒谎，但让我们
what teachers do that's not a surprise 希望你真的相信你
what teachers do that's not a surprise what you believe usually does impact 希望通过测试来帮助他们
what you believe usually does impact 你甚至只有一分钟
what you believe usually does impact your actions it turns out that 知道或30秒陈述说我
your actions it turns out that 真的需要知道你们
your actions it turns out that instructors who really don't believe 这样我才能使课堂有效
instructors who really don't believe 帮你，所以我知道你有一个
instructors who really don't believe that student students have ideas 有很多事情要做，但如果您能帮助我尝试
that student students have ideas 做得更好，你会惊讶
that student students have ideas typically approach instruction as they 他们真的回应了
typically approach instruction as they 对改善他们的真正兴趣
typically approach instruction as they come into the room they figure out what 学习，而不仅仅是付出
come into the room they figure out what 好吧，你得到了这个作业
come into the room they figure out what they need to add and then they figure 这次花一点时间来
they need to add and then they figure 与您的学生心连心
they need to add and then they figure out how much they've added in some kind 你知道你正在努力改善这一点
out how much they've added in some kind 我不知道你们的表现如何
out how much they've added in some kind of summative assessment but a teacher 我想让他们的课更好
of summative assessment but a teacher 通常不总是积极回应
of summative assessment but a teacher who really believes that students have 虽然，但这只是一点点
who really believes that students have 提示添加到那里，所以之一
who really believes that students have ideas do something very different we 我们从中发现的最大问题
ideas do something very different we 使用这些测试是因为我不想
ideas do something very different we found in research high school and 提倡我知道的东西
found in research high school and 我的研究义务
found in research high school and college teachers before they start 提醒您问题的字段
college teachers before they start 运用
college teachers before they start teaching and before they design their 因为我在
teaching and before they design their 测量教育测量和
teaching and before they design their Cilla 只是因为一个学生喜欢炸弹
Cilla 测试或任何测试不一定
Cilla they try to give some kind of diagnostic 表示他们不了解
they try to give some kind of diagnostic 物质或他们有幼稚的想法
they try to give some kind of diagnostic instrument to figure out what students 我们总是有很多问题
instrument to figure out what students 需要注意，例如，如果
instrument to figure out what students actually have and are using in relation 你像我一样在学校教书
actually have and are using in relation 我们有很多英语学习者
actually have and are using in relation to those ideas so they do something 有来自不同文化背景的学生
to those ideas so they do something 背景，你会感到惊讶
to those ideas so they do something called diagnostic assessment well they 语言和措辞如何产生很大的影响
called diagnostic assessment well they 对人们如何解释问题的影响
called diagnostic assessment well they try to give some precursors then they 以及我所有的概念清单
try to give some precursors then they 告诉你几乎他们都没有
try to give some precursors then they design the class around the ideas in 调查了使用它们的影响
design the class around the ideas in 服务不足的人群和英语
design the class around the ideas in that room and their reorganization or 语言学习人群，所以我
that room and their reorganization or 想补充一点，
that room and their reorganization or redecoration strategy and their 测试人员立即从
redecoration strategy and their 回答学生的推论
redecoration strategy and their instruction is completely tied to what 不明白，但是有一个
instruction is completely tied to what 一系列的认知过程
instruction is completely tied to what they find out and then at the end they 发生在给他们测试之间
they find out and then at the end they 在这个答案中冒泡，所以我们
they find out and then at the end they see what's happened so teachers who 刚刚完成了几次学习
see what's happened so teachers who 看性别影响，我的意思是
see what's happened so teachers who really believe everything that I've 我做的评估不是
really believe everything that I've 选择题是开放式的，
really believe everything that I've talked about so far act differently than 所以我们只适合我的一名博士生
talked about so far act differently than 刚刚完成了一项关于性别的研究
talked about so far act differently than teachers who really think there's 对这些乐器的影响，因为
teachers who really think there's 妇女教育评估
teachers who really think there's nothing in the room there's a strong tie 文学表明倾向于
nothing in the room there's a strong tie 在开放式写作方面要比男性写得更多
nothing in the room there's a strong tie with behavior yeah let me pose that to 测试，所以她实际上调查了
with behavior yeah let me pose that to 这些广泛使用的性别偏见之一
with behavior yeah let me pose that to the room yeah I agree with you in theory 评估，发现在某些情况下
the room yeah I agree with you in theory 实际上有一个偏见
the room yeah I agree with you in theory you know we hope like in their physics 男人在这种情况下低估了他们
you know we hope like in their physics 知识，这很重要
you know we hope like in their physics class they're gonna learn some concepts 总是想想你的推论
class they're gonna learn some concepts 从特定观察得出
class they're gonna learn some concepts about like fluid flow looking at 如果你说他们不知道那是
about like fluid flow looking at 你在我的简介中知道我们的推论
about like fluid flow looking at circulatory systems or how the heart 上课我们总是要教推理
circulatory systems or how the heart 和观察，令人惊讶的是
circulatory systems or how the heart works pressure forces optics when it 我经常被误解为
works pressure forces optics when it 假设观察是一个
works pressure forces optics when it comes to visual systems we typically 推论以及他们所做的一切
comes to visual systems we typically 在大多数人中迅速冒泡
comes to visual systems we typically find that informations not there in a 跳起来并假设这是一个
find that informations not there in a 他们不明白的观察
find that informations not there in a lot of students and and more kind of 那是巨大的，是巨大的跳跃
lot of students and and more kind of 完全基于推理，所以我们
lot of students and and more kind of shocking is you ask them did you learn 总是不得不
shocking is you ask them did you learn 像数到五，说等一下
shocking is you ask them did you learn optics and physics and guess what they 那可能是真的，但我们应该真的
optics and physics and guess what they 正在测试其中一些替代方案
optics and physics and guess what they say no they never covered that and then 语言和其他事物的推论
say no they never covered that and then 因为我们已经在很多地方见过
say no they never covered that and then I walk right across the hall to my 测试存在很多偏见
I walk right across the hall to my 很多类型的学生，我们需要
I walk right across the hall to my physics colleague and they're like yeah 在制作之前要对此小心
physics colleague and they're like yeah 这些结论还可以
physics colleague and they're like yeah we have like a month of optics 是的，所以测试推断也可以
we have like a month of optics 与所谓的可靠性有关
we have like a month of optics and so so yeah your question your 所以当人们参加考试时
and so so yeah your question your 特别是我们班上的长时间测试
and so so yeah your question your question is really important because 就像我们来看几个诊断程序
question is really important because 像你一样做遗传学素养测试
question is really important because this this falls into the assumption of 当学生进行长时间测试时，
this this falls into the assumption of 他们在哪里测试疲劳
this this falls into the assumption of pretending or relying on faith saying a 实际上可以开始不付款
pretending or relying on faith saying a 注意和可靠性或
pretending or relying on faith saying a prayer before you walk in that 他们的回应一致
prayer before you walk in that 退化，所以在我们通常使用之前
prayer before you walk in that everything is really there that should 在这个模型中评估如何
everything is really there that should 学生正在学习我们通常做的
everything is really there that should be but as as a scientist we like to 不仅检查我们的有效性
be but as as a scientist we like to 今天不打算参加，但是有
be but as as a scientist we like to really ask the question can you show me 也是非常简单的可靠性检查
really ask the question can you show me 您可以用来查看一致性
really ask the question can you show me some evidence that the prereq actually 学生回答说数据
some evidence that the prereq actually 不应该像在
some evidence that the prereq actually added stable and persistent information 使用PCR机有很多方法
added stable and persistent information 你可以看看你的结果并说
added stable and persistent information so as a scientist I just take the 同一件事在这里弄乱了
so as a scientist I just take the 我们需要的方式我们使用了很多
so as a scientist I just take the approach which 我给你看过的乐器
approach which 提醒他们
approach which show me the evidence and I'll move from 实际上是我们的质量控制指标
show me the evidence and I'll move from 在使用数据之前先使用
show me the evidence and I'll move from the evidence to make a decision so 基因组学，然后您运行凝胶或
the evidence to make a decision so 您可以控制的其他任何事情
the evidence to make a decision so operating on faith that there's nothing 确保当我们这样做时没有什么混乱
operating on faith that there's nothing 测试有很多问题，例如
operating on faith that there's nothing there or operating on faith that all the 在您的预发布中要考虑的
there or operating on faith that all the 测试，这就是你所需要的
there or operating on faith that all the prerequisites is not how I like to think 总是考虑退后一步检查
prerequisites is not how I like to think 耶耶耶
prerequisites is not how I like to think as a scientist I like to think of 嗯，是的，他们是
as a scientist I like to think of 但是为中学设计
as a scientist I like to think of evidence as how I start to make my 主要是学生，所以我不知道如何
evidence as how I start to make my 你们中的许多人教初中生，但是
evidence as how I start to make my decision of course yep exactly what what 它可能非常有用，但是再次
decision of course yep exactly what what 物品不应该没有
decision of course yep exactly what what are you gonna do about it yeah so we're 证明它们适合
are you gonna do about it yeah so we're 用于大学生或高中生
are you gonna do about it yeah so we're gonna talk about that but if every 他们应该有，但是有不同
gonna talk about that but if every 人口，所以他们不是设计
gonna talk about that but if every instructor at your school was in this 为此功能，所以我们总是必须
instructor at your school was in this 对此要小心
instructor at your school was in this model you can see how that leads to a 是的，我是该方面的评论者之一
model you can see how that leads to a 在那个项目上，那就是
model you can see how that leads to a big problem because a series of 总是一个问题，所以我最后一件事
big problem because a series of 想谈的是某种背景
big problem because a series of assumptions get built and built and 和保留最后两个大问题
assumptions get built and built and 当您谈论学习的时候
assumptions get built and built and built and where does the evidence come 事实证明，信息或
built and where does the evidence come 心理运动技能被部署在
built and where does the evidence come in in the scientific process to tell you 学习环境可能大不相同
in in the scientific process to tell you 根据您的情况
in in the scientific process to tell you okay where's the evidence that we've 给学生很多问题
okay where's the evidence that we've 在纯科学领域有很多例子
okay where's the evidence that we've moved further than the intuition that 但随后您尝试向学生询问
moved further than the intuition that 这些想法之类的应用
moved further than the intuition that the Harvard students have so in the 在医疗状况以及我们经常发生的情况
the Harvard students have so in the 发现是技能的知识
the Harvard students have so in the video we saw the consequence of a system 态度可能会非常不同
video we saw the consequence of a system 只是通过改变情况
video we saw the consequence of a system that never dealt with intuition they've 我们正在测试学生，所以当你
that never dealt with intuition they've 伙计们应该做你的评估
that never dealt with intuition they've now graduated and they have the same 仔细考虑您的询问方式
now graduated and they have the same 他们关于实验室应用的东西
now graduated and they have the same ideas of an early middle school students 例子不能转移到演讲中
ideas of an early middle school students 类型理解，反之亦然
ideas of an early middle school students because everyone assumed on faith or 学生可能有一种技能，他们
because everyone assumed on faith or 了解但他们缺乏概念
because everyone assumed on faith or they didn't deal with intuition they 的组成部分，所以他们不会
they didn't deal with intuition they 具有这种组合同样如此
they didn't deal with intuition they didn't deal with what was in the room 在模型生物中，您可以给它们
didn't deal with what was in the room 果蝇的例子很多线虫
didn't deal with what was in the room they assumed I just need to add the 随便你开始移动那些
they assumed I just need to add the 遗传概念转化为人类和
they assumed I just need to add the scientific idea but they didn't like 推理通常非常极端
scientific idea but they didn't like 这些学生不同，所以当
scientific idea but they didn't like that decoration they went right back to 我们考虑学习，并在您
that decoration they went right back to 你的课，你在想你的
that decoration they went right back to the beautiful private universe that they 实验室中的评估项目
the beautiful private universe that they 您想思考的课程
the beautiful private universe that they created before we interacted with them 我呈现的背景多样化
created before we interacted with them 我想教的概念
created before we interacted with them that's the point of the video in a sense 确保学生正在概括
that's the point of the video in a sense 跨越那些，我会给你一种
that's the point of the video in a sense so yeah you're asking a excellent 这是一个非常简单的例子
so yeah you're asking a excellent 与我的个人经历不同
so yeah you're asking a excellent question which is you know how how do we 不知道有人去过
question which is you know how how do we 宜家还是不得不把
question which is you know how how do we how do we move from that but what I'm 家具是我最好的东西之一
how do we move from that but what I'm 觉得自己不是成年人
how do we move from that but what I'm going to encourage you to do or at least 必须把家具放在一起，但是
going to encourage you to do or at least 那是一个单独的问题，所以我
going to encourage you to do or at least at least mention as you work on your 我很确定这里的每个人都可以
at least mention as you work on your 阅读宜家说明手册，并
at least mention as you work on your units is to think about how are you 确定所有零件，我很漂亮
units is to think about how are you 我的意思是他们确实有不寻常的名字，但
units is to think about how are you going to know where students are so you 再次，这是一个单独的主题
going to know where students are so you 更甜的东西，但有什么
going to know where students are so you can actually build your genomics modules 有趣的是，当您尝试放置
can actually build your genomics modules 像梳妆台一样在一起
can actually build your genomics modules or lessons or labs based on where 抽屉打开和关闭它的
or lessons or labs based on where 值得注意的是这有多难
or lessons or labs based on where they're at versus where you think they 知道所有的碎片和
they're at versus where you think they 零件和工具有东西
they're at versus where you think they should be or what you think you need to 与实际使用有很大不同
should be or what you think you need to 信息和知道的信息
should be or what you think you need to yeah before I can proceed to move this 应用信息来实现
yeah before I can proceed to move this 任务，你应该非常小心
yeah before I can proceed to move this group forward I have to bring everybody 仔细了解这意味着什么
group forward I have to bring everybody 用于您的实验室和讲座互动
group forward I have to bring everybody to the same point yeah and I don't feel 因为这正是我们正在做的
to the same point yeah and I don't feel 在演讲中，我们有点在教人
to the same point yeah and I don't feel that's really having experimented 所有零件，工具和种类
that's really having experimented 如何在实验室中融为一体
that's really having experimented recently you've been having advanced 试图让他们建立并投入
recently you've been having advanced 信息一起以完全不同的方式
recently you've been having advanced courses with no prerequisite and I mean 方式和这些能力的衡量标准
courses with no prerequisite and I mean 两种环境通常不会重叠
courses with no prerequisite and I mean sophomores in there with them in years 根本上这只是一个简单的例子
sophomores in there with them in years 我自己与此相关的课程
sophomores in there with them in years and they don't all have to be broke to 情境效应和衡量
and they don't all have to be broke to 你是一个真实的例子，所以在很多内部
and they don't all have to be broke to the same starting point before we can 生物课，我们倾向于讲授概念
the same starting point before we can 自然选择，我们倾向于给
the same starting point before we can proceed now of course we can proceed as 像达尔文雀的例子
proceed now of course we can proceed as 或者我们在谈论抗生素
proceed now of course we can proceed as a group with different skill levels and 抵抗是我的一件事
a group with different skill levels and 很好奇我到底在做什么
a group with different skill levels and everybody learns different things and 今天正在推广
everybody learns different things and 是在我没有效率的老师帮助下
everybody learns different things and that's something that your summative 他们学习并了解这是我们
that's something that your summative 根据或实际测试了它们
that's something that your summative assessment that's where the summative 不同的生物和不同的
assessment that's where the summative 玫瑰的进化之类的功能
assessment that's where the summative assessment gets dangerous I'm not saying 荆棘
assessment gets dangerous I'm not saying 抗生素耐药性和洞穴
assessment gets dangerous I'm not saying it's wrong yeah yeah and that's that's 的眼睛和我们的结论
it's wrong yeah yeah and that's that's 关于是否存在，然后我们实际上
it's wrong yeah yeah and that's that's when we get to this second model the 有一个普通的非生物
when we get to this second model the 问题，所以当我们这样做时，
when we get to this second model the beauty of what's been called value-added 想知道
beauty of what's been called value-added 我们是有效的老师吗
beauty of what's been called value-added which is simply looking at where was 善于让他们理解
which is simply looking at where was 再次自然选择
which is simply looking at where was everybody initially and comparing no 反馈周期我正在推广答案
everybody initially and comparing no 这个问题将是完全
everybody initially and comparing no matter where you started whether you 取决于哪个
matter where you started whether you 我们使用评估是因为学生
matter where you started whether you started really low if you moved a little 在我们的表现上截然不同
started really low if you moved a little 认为这是我们要尝试的一项任务
started really low if you moved a little bit the purpose of value added 创建一个等值评估银行
bit the purpose of value added 看她的事前测试的项目
bit the purpose of value added assessment is to show how much more did 就像你可能想做的一样
assessment is to show how much more did 利用您的基因组学，您想要
assessment is to show how much more did I help the student who's lower 您可以问我们的几个问题是
I help the student who's lower 改变我们说的很好，让我们改变一下
I help the student who's lower versus how much did I help the student 从细菌和玫瑰
versus how much did I help the student 学生表演的am
versus how much did I help the student who was really high but it doesn't 在某些问题上完全不同
who was really high but it doesn't 就像我们完成的the
who was really high but it doesn't assume that everybody's equal in terms 各种纯直觉的模型
assume that everybody's equal in terms 细菌例子中的误解
assume that everybody's equal in terms of their prior knowledge that's a great 他们是美丽的科学理由
of their prior knowledge that's a great 显示我是最棒的错误
of their prior knowledge that's a great question that's a very good question so 他们可能有的讲师
question that's a very good question so 当您需要知道什么时完全正确
question that's a very good question so there's actually a third model that's 问，所以给你点
there's actually a third model that's 这个例子是当你开发这些预
there's actually a third model that's even more sort of sophisticated in how 发表评估，您会考虑
even more sort of sophisticated in how 您的学习目标可能会
even more sort of sophisticated in how teacher beliefs and teacher actions and 从一种类型过度概括
teacher beliefs and teacher actions and 您认为与以下问题非常相似的问题
teacher beliefs and teacher actions and that is not only do you try to look at 其余的可以给别人
that is not only do you try to look at 对我们价值的巨大影响
that is not only do you try to look at where they're starting but you're 在我们的课程中添加的内容可能表明我们
where they're starting but you're 绝对是最糟糕的教练
where they're starting but you're constantly checking as you move through 介绍性生物学或绝对
constantly checking as you move through 最好只是取决于类型
constantly checking as you move through this formative assessment loop in each 我们这样问的情境
this formative assessment loop in each 如果你真的得到了
this formative assessment loop in each class through little clicker questions 不好的结果你总是可以解释的
class through little clicker questions 离开那是一个艰难的环境
class through little clicker questions little assignments quick things that can 所以你知道我们有问题是
little assignments quick things that can 我们问过的基本上相同
little assignments quick things that can tell you about how are things moving in 玫瑰刺的进化会如何
tell you about how are things moving in 带刺的物种从大多数进化
tell you about how are things moving in this class and you're constantly 没有刺的种类
this class and you're constantly 会不会是一群细菌
this class and you're constantly readjusting all the time so you're 对抗生素耐药
readjusting all the time so you're 从那不是一个
readjusting all the time so you're you're worried about 没有眼睛的洞穴sal的种类
you're worried about 我不知道的盲人洞穴sal
you're worried about okay I'm covering a lot I have ideas let 如果您知道这些很酷的方法
okay I'm covering a lot I have ideas let 他们是从人口进化而来的吗
okay I'm covering a lot I have ideas let me check in and see how things are going 我们只是改变了这个问题，是的
me check in and see how things are going 再一次，我们看到直觉到底是什么
me check in and see how things are going as I move 他们正在做的那个问题是
as I move 只是想起信息
as I move through my lab even in a single lesson 重新装饰房间里的细菌
through my lab even in a single lesson 已经充满了这些想法
through my lab even in a single lesson like the the example I was giving about 关于洞穴和sal
like the the example I was giving about 确实完全重新装修了
like the the example I was giving about the plants and their in the respiration 是的，我发表了很多年
the plants and their in the respiration 所以你绝对正确，因为我
the plants and their in the respiration I was ready in my class for the answer 知道是因为我写了六本
I was ready in my class for the answer 关于它的期刊文章
I was ready in my class for the answer the the kind of like the shoe dropping 今天结束只是想一想
the the kind of like the shoe dropping 岗前增值和
the the kind of like the shoe dropping you're like oh my god right you get the 像您一样处理学生的想法
you're like oh my god right you get the 您的后期测试，您无法逃脱
you're like oh my god right you get the clicker answer and it's like 70% have 您的问题可能会出现的想法
clicker answer and it's like 70% have 有差别地发掘直觉
clicker answer and it's like 70% have missed a fundamental point about the 在某些情况下而不是其他情况下思考
missed a fundamental point about the 真的会影响你
missed a fundamental point about the whole concept well because I was using 解释您的基因组学如何有效
whole concept well because I was using 实验室是如此，是的，我会说
whole concept well because I was using sort of this formative assessment 就像你们大多数人可能会
sort of this formative assessment 我提出一些问题
sort of this formative assessment looping I actually had a couple slides 怀疑，这很容易
looping I actually had a couple slides 改变它像医学实例
looping I actually had a couple slides ready there just in case to go back to 相对于模型生物的例子
ready there just in case to go back to 所以我认为这并不难
ready there just in case to go back to the topic and illustrate why that would 只是同时问和
the topic and illustrate why that would 你会很惊讶我们有一大堆
the topic and illustrate why that would or would not be true so I actually was 研究正在进行中
or would not be true so I actually was 看着遗传推理的国家
or would not be true so I actually was prepared for figuring out if there was a 本科生，我们有一个
prepared for figuring out if there was a 诊断问题是
prepared for figuring out if there was a disaster looming in my plant unit I was 存在于AI细胞中
disaster looming in my plant unit I was 与肝细胞相比，是的，非常
disaster looming in my plant unit I was ready and I had my weapons prepared 简单非常简单的问题，以及所有
ready and I had my weapons prepared 我们的教练说不会
ready and I had my weapons prepared which are very painful as you can see 没关系
which are very painful as you can see 我们完全教了他们，他们教了它
which are very painful as you can see now using PowerPoint my powerpoint 再次是基于信仰的观点
now using PowerPoint my powerpoint 所以在全国各地
now using PowerPoint my powerpoint weapons were there and we could review 开始收集证据，我们
weapons were there and we could review 向老师介绍这是如何
weapons were there and we could review some material and actually show some 你的学生在推理，他们在
some material and actually show some 只是他们正在为此而努力
some material and actually show some video clips again of how respiration 我开始讲课的基本信念
video clips again of how respiration 今天学生可能实际上已经拥有
video clips again of how respiration works 一些非常强烈的直觉想法 1660 一路影响遗传推理
yeah so that's one of that's just a 到大学水平，这些非常简单
yeah so that's one of that's just a 单元格中存在差异的简单概念
yeah so that's one of that's just a simple example of how you can do that 意味着基因组上的差异
simple example of how you can do that 你发现像这样的差异
simple example of how you can do that but again let's step back and go right 你知道是的，有一些
but again let's step back and go right 就像我的意思那样推论
but again let's step back and go right yeah yeah yeah 他们知道他们是的，所以我认为 1668 我认为其中有一对
I do and I'm gonna show you a whole 我刚回来的不同观点
I do and I'm gonna show you a whole 我当时在戈登会议上
I do and I'm gonna show you a whole bunch yeah see I've thought I had to 对物理学讲这个
bunch yeah see I've thought I had to 社区，你知道他们一直很
bunch yeah see I've thought I had to yeah 成功地想到了这一点
yeah 问题有点
yeah the formative because I actually had a 与科学教育者的方式不同
the formative because I actually had a 考虑一下，这与
the formative because I actually had a spy I actually had I did a diagnostic 摆脱他们的误解是
spy I actually had I did a diagnostic 从根本上思考真的是错误的
spy I actually had I did a diagnostic assessment on you but you may not 从直觉上讲，当您接近
assessment on you but you may not 热源东西会变热耶
assessment on you but you may not realize that someone came to talk to you 恰好是烤箱或小孩
realize that someone came to talk to you 烤箱等另一种思考方式
realize that someone came to talk to you called Karen at the barbecue and I said 那是你不是真的想
called Karen at the barbecue and I said 消除那部分直觉
called Karen at the barbecue and I said I want you to go in and figure out where 试图告诉他们在哪里
I want you to go in and figure out where 直觉的工作，哪里没有
I want you to go in and figure out where people are at in terms of their 工作，因为它不是真的
people are at in terms of their 更正可能是说你知道是否
people are at in terms of their educational ideas so I actually did a 你靠近热的东西不会
educational ideas so I actually did a 变热，但他们必须了解
educational ideas so I actually did a diagnostic assessment on you but you may 是不是这种情况之一
diagnostic assessment on you but you may 并不是真的要摆脱它
diagnostic assessment on you but you may not have realized it and she said she's 有点改变你的优势
not have realized it and she said she's 一点我不知道这是否使
not have realized it and she said she's an excellent mole I sent her into many 感觉如此，但无论如何
an excellent mole I sent her into many 从更实际的意义上讲
an excellent mole I sent her into many situations to infiltrate the system and 可能已经了解了这一点，
situations to infiltrate the system and 您
situations to infiltrate the system and report back yeah but for you guys it's 和你自从你来过这里以来
report back yeah but for you guys it's 让学生谈论他们的
report back yeah but for you guys it's yeah you know we well we have some other 课堂上的点子，例如答题器
yeah you know we well we have some other 问题和东西真的很棒
yeah you know we well we have some other groups that were infiltrating right now 方式，因为直觉出现，
groups that were infiltrating right now 每个人都开始谈论它，并且
groups that were infiltrating right now just you have to sign a form that says 与他人谈论您的想法是
just you have to sign a form that says 一种让他们上桌的好方法，
just you have to sign a form that says her identity is confidential so one of 那就是我要去做的
her identity is confidential so one of 今天也让您想到
her identity is confidential so one of the things she told me is you guys are 将那些学生的想法带到
the things she told me is you guys are 教学设计和开始表
the things she told me is you guys are at a lot of very different levels in 与他们互动是一回事
at a lot of very different levels in 我们有点想让他们做
at a lot of very different levels in terms of your educational experiences so 他们辩论并谈论这些
terms of your educational experiences so 我认为这是你的问题
terms of your educational experiences so my talk today actually included a very 问一个非常棘手的问题
my talk today actually included a very 是的，是的，是的，是的，像
my talk today actually included a very heterogeneous perspective on some of 这种细胞如何变成
heterogeneous perspective on some of 是的，不同的是给他们权利
heterogeneous perspective on some of these issues so for those of you who are 几乎所有课程开始
these issues so for those of you who are 对，然后我要做的是
these issues so for those of you who are more advanced I've got some more 通常我有大多数
more advanced I've got some more 答案，然后我重复使用这些问题
more advanced I've got some more advanced stuff for those who are like I 所以我们谈论事情，然后我
advanced stuff for those who are like I 真的有用，也许我会再问他们
advanced stuff for those who are like I don't even know what science that is 你前几天在说什么
don't even know what science that is 是一个基因，我说其中有多少
don't even know what science that is kind of gives you that so I actually did 现在也许正在隐藏相同
kind of gives you that so I actually did 问题，所以问同样的事情，但
kind of gives you that so I actually did some diagnosis before I came to do my 以后肯定是的
some diagnosis before I came to do my 可能是一个巨大的问题
some diagnosis before I came to do my best that doesn't mean I succeeded it 现在我成为研究的重点
best that doesn't mean I succeeded it 知道罗格斯现在有一个大项目
best that doesn't mean I succeeded it just means that I tried to use it so I 看遗传推理
just means that I tried to use it so I ravit Duncan和同事们已经开始
just means that I tried to use it so I am going to show you that though so um 在遗传学中看这个问题
am going to show you that though so um 这种语境的语境化
am going to show you that though so um so again why do we care about all that 推理建立一些
so again why do we care about all that 我所做的进化工作
so again why do we care about all that theory stuff just to hit back to the 这就是这是很难的
theory stuff just to hit back to the 也改变问题
theory stuff just to hit back to the message as the Harvard video showed it 是的，谢谢Ross是的，嗯，是的
message as the Harvard video showed it