[Music] [音乐]
the Vietnam War began in good faith by 越南战争始于
good people with good intentions but 有良好意图的好人，但
some two decades later it was all over 大约二十年后，一切都结束了
for the Vietnamese it was not a war 对于越南人来说，这不是战争
about communism it was a war for 关于共产主义，这是一场战争
independence a war for Vietnam but a 独立对越南是一场战争，但是
combination of American overconfidence 美国过度自信的结合
Cold War tensions and imperialist 冷战紧张局势和帝国主义
tendencies the Americans had previously 美国人以前的倾向
fought so hard against made the war in 如此艰苦的战斗使战争陷入
Vietnam one of America's darkest pages 越南是美国最黑暗的一页之一
in its short but dense history by the 在短短但密集的历史中
end of the war more than 58,000 战争结束超过58,000
Americans would die as too would 250,000 美国人也将死25万
South Vietnamese soldiers over a million 超过一百万的南越士兵
North Vietnamese soldiers and Vietcong 北越士兵和越共
guerrillas would also perish as well as 游击队也将灭亡
over two million civilians from both the 来自这两个地区的超过200万平民
north and the south and thousands more 南北向成千上万
from Laos and Cambodia 来自老挝和柬埔寨
the French conquest of Indochina again 法国再次征服印度支那
in 1858 they boasted about bringing 在1858年，他们吹嘘要带来
their civilization to Vietnam beginning 他们的文明开始到越南
the construction of roads and bridges 道路和桥梁建设
but the Vietnamese did not take well to 但是越南人对
their French colonizers just as they 他们的法国殖民者
hadn't to earlier invasions by the 并没有受到较早的入侵
Chinese the French were the enemy and 中国人法国人是敌人，
the Vietnamese people struggle for 越南人民为之奋斗
independence in 1919 at the end of the 1919年末独立
Great War 大战
American President Woodrow Wilson went 美国总统伍德罗·威尔逊去了
to Paris to help rebuild a new world and 前往巴黎帮助重建新世界，
advocated for the independence of 主张独立
colonized nations upon his stay in 他留在殖民地国家
France a man appeared with a petition 法国一个男人带着请愿书出现
for the president signed by himself and 亲自签署的总统
other Vietnamese nationalists asking 其他越南民族主义者问
that Vietnam to become an independent 越南成为独立国家
state the president secretary promised 声明总统秘书答应
to show it to Wilson but there is no 展示给威尔逊，但没有
evidence he ever did throughout his 证明他一生都做过
career this man would go by some 70 这个人的职业将增加大约70岁
names but eventually settle for the most 的名字，但最终解决最
enlightened one Ho Chi Minh after taking 服用后启发一名胡志明市
part in a demonstration against a puppet 参加对木偶的示威游行
Emperor Ho Chi Minh was marked for 胡志明皇帝被标记为
arrest and fled Vietnam in 1911 在1911年逮捕并逃离越南
remaining in exile for 30 years when he 他流亡三十年
discovered the anti-colonial writings of 发现了...的反殖民著作
Lenin he became a communist his fuel was 列宁，他成为共产主义者，他的燃料是
for an independent Vietnam by 1940 the 到1940年实现越南独立
Second World War had come Germany had 第二次世界大战来了，德国
conquered most of Western Europe 征服了西欧大部分地区
including France and the Japanese began 包括法国和日本人开始
to occupy Vietnam to help fight the 占领越南以帮助打击
Japanese invaders Ho Chi Minh returned 日本侵略者胡志明返回
to Vietnam and founded a revolutionary 到越南并创立了革命者
movement which he named the Vietnam 他命名越南的运动
independence League the Viet Minh this 越南独立民族联盟
new fighting force grew quickly and 新的战斗力迅速增长，
relied on guerrilla warfare tactics 依靠游击战战术
hit-and-run strategies that would later 即时运行策略
be used some three decades later when 在三十年后被使用
the Americans arrived in the spring of 美国人在
1945 three years after the Japanese 1945年日本人三年后
attack on Pearl Harbor the United States 袭击美国珍珠港
government were looking for ways to 政府正在寻找方法
undermine Japanese forces in Vietnam 破坏日军在越南
when they were contacted by Ho Chi Minh 当胡志明联系他们时
for OSS the precursors for the CIA 对于OSS，是CIA的前身
supplied her and his guerrilla fighters 提供了她和他的游击战士
with weapons and were impressed with how 带着武器，对如何留下深刻的印象
quickly they learned to handle them who 很快他们学会了应付谁
began to call his followers the Viet 开始称呼他的追随者为越共
American army and praised the United 美军称赞美联军
States as a champion of democracy when 国家作为民主的捍卫者
two atomic bombs were dropped on 两枚原子弹投下
Hiroshima and Nagasaki 广岛和长崎
Japanese surrender seemed imminent Ho 日本投降似乎迫在眉睫
Chi Minh called upon all the people of Chi Minh呼吁全体人民
Vietnam to rise up and take control of 越南崛起并控制
their country before the French could 法国之前他们的国家
re-establish their rule on the 2nd of 在第二天重新建立他们的规则
September 1945 the same day as the 1945年9月
Japanese surrendered ending world war 日本投降世界大战
two hundreds of thousands of people went 二十万人去了
to Badin square in Hanoi to see Ho Chi 到河内的巴丁广场看胡志明市
Minh proclaim Vietnam independent the Minh宣布越南独立
future looked promising but President 前景看好，但总统
Franklin Roosevelt who had campaigned 竞选活动的富兰克林·罗斯福
for a world of independent 为了一个独立的世界
self-governing states was now dead and 自治国家现在已经死了，
his successor Harry Truman was facing an 他的继任者哈里·杜鲁门（Harry Truman）面临着
entirely different world the Soviet 完全不同的世界苏维埃
Union had occupied Eastern Europe and 联盟占领了东欧，
looked to spread further into Turkey 希望进一步传播到土耳其
Greece and Iran the Cold War had begun 希腊和伊朗的冷战已经开始
the French warned if their colonies were 法国人警告说，如果他们的殖民地是
to become independent under American 在美国统治下独立
assistance France would have no choice 援助法国别无选择
but to fall under Soviet influence the 但在苏联的影响下
French poured thousands of men back into 法国人将数千人倒回
Vietnam with the help of American aid in 越南在美国的援助下
1950 communist North Korea invaded South 1950年共产主义朝鲜入侵南方
Korea domino theory was at the height of 韩国多米诺骨牌理论正处于鼎盛时期
political thought the idea that if one 政治思想的想法，如果一个
nation fell to communism others would as 国家沦为共产主义，其他国家也会
well the United States and tens of 好美国和数十
thousands of troops to push the invaders 数以千计的部队来推动入侵者
back north they did so successfully and 回到北，他们成功地做到了
it showed Western powers that communism 它显示了西方力量共产主义
in Asia could be contained 在亚洲可以被遏制
by 1953 with the help of American aid 到1953年在美国的帮助下
the French had been fighting for seven 法国人一直在争取七个
years in Vietnam and had suffered more 越南多年，遭受更多苦难
than a hundred thousand casualties 十万伤亡
French platoons would be ambushed trains 法国排将被伏击火车
blown up roads blocked all for them to 炸毁的道路阻塞了所有人
be ambushed again the Viet Minh supplied 再次伏击越南民兵提供
by the Soviets and Chinese were forced 由苏联人和中国人强迫
to be reckoned with the French were 被法国人算是
demoralized and so proposed to begin 士气低落，所以建议开始
talks to end the fighting before the 会谈结束之前的战斗
talks began however both sides tried to 谈判开始了，但是双方都试图
enforce their military position in the 加强他们在
French set up a fortified base in dn 法国人在dn建立防御工事基地
bien phu believe in any altercation 边富相信任何争执
would result in a french victory so 将导致法国的胜利，所以
confident in fact they saw no need to 实际上他们有信心没有必要
worry about the jungle covered hills 担心丛林覆盖的丘陵
that overlooked their 11,000 men fifty 忽略了他们的11,000名男子50
thousand vietnamese soldiers then 千名越南士兵
surrounded the valley and their heavy 包围了山谷和他们的沉重
artillery began to fire the French were 大炮开始向法国人开火
trapped after 55 days of brutal attack 在55天的残酷袭击后被困
the French surrendered had been lost 法国投降了
8,000 troops after a hundred years of 一百年后有8,000名士兵
colonial rule the French were leaving 法国人即将离开的殖民统治
this decisive victory for the viet minh 越南国民的决定性胜利
installed a belief that they could fight 坚信他们可以战斗
a great western power and win an 伟大的西方强国并赢得
armistice was then signed splitting 停战协定随后签署分裂
vietnam into two parts along the 17th 越南在17日分为两部分
parallel separated by a demilitarized 由非军事隔离
zone civilians had 300 days to relocate 区平民有300天的搬迁时间
to their preferred destination and so 到他们首选的目的地等等
900,000 refugees fled to the south 90万难民逃往南部
seeking a life free from communism the 寻求没有共产主义的生活
south would become known as the republic 南部将被称为共和国
of vietnam with ZM as its president in 越南，ZM担任总裁
the capital of Saigon and protected by 西贡的首府，受到西贡的保护
the army of the Republic of Vietnam the 越南共和国军队
arvin in the north the capital would 首都北部的阿文
become Hanoi where Ho Chi Minh and the 成为河内胡志明市和
Communists implemented land reforms 共产主义者实施了土地改革
similar to those under Mao leaving 类似于毛泽东离开时
thousands dead and imprisoned the 数以千计的人死亡和监禁
Vietcong and their leaders were willing 越共及其领导人愿意
to break the peace to head south along 打破和平向南前进
what would soon be called the Ho Chi 很快就会被称为胡志明
Minh Trail and fight for United Vietnam Minh Trail并为越南联合而战
these men belonged to an organization 这些人属于一个组织
called the National Liberation Front the 称为民族解放阵线
NLF the armed wing of the organization NLF组织的武装部门
was 原为
all the People's Liberation Army forces 人民解放军全体
but the US and its allies gave them a 但是美国及其盟友给了他们
more disparaging name communist traitors 更贬低的名称共产叛徒
to the nation the Viet Cong John F 越共
Kennedy had been elected and Cold War 肯尼迪当选和冷战
tensions were at new heights the lessons 紧张局势达到了新的高度
from the Second World War on every 从第二次世界大战开始
policymakers mind aggressive 决策者介意进取
dictatorships needed to be stopped 必须停止专政
before they constituted a serious danger 在它们构成严重危险之前
to the Peace of the world a growing 走向世界和平
number of critics complained at 抱怨的评论家数量
Kennedy's leniency he had failed to stop 肯尼迪宽大处理，他未能停止
the construction of the Berlin Wall and 柏林墙的建设和
communism was spreading in Laos and 共产主义在老挝蔓延，
Cambodia 柬埔寨
so when time came for Vietnam he 所以当越南的时候到了
couldn't be seen to do nothing Kennedy's 看不到肯尼迪的无所作为
advisors insisted he should send ground 顾问坚持认为他应该派遣地面
troops into Vietnam to help the South 部队进入越南帮助南方
push back the Vietcong Vietnam can't 推越南越共不能
fall to communism he was told but he 被告知共产主义，但他被告知
refused to send in troops instead he 拒绝派兵
sent an elite group of soldiers the 派了一支精锐的士兵
Green Berets and military advisers to 绿色贝雷帽和军事顾问
train and organize South Vietnam's 训练和组织越南南方
military Kennedy also took other steps 军事肯尼迪还采取了其他步骤
doubling their military funding sending 将他们的军事拨款增加一倍
helicopters and armored personnel 直升机和装甲人员
carriers but he also authorized the use 承运人，但他也授权使用
of napalm Toffoli ins and Agent Orange 凝固汽油弹Toffoli ins和特工橙
to deny cover to the Vietcong and to 拒绝掩护越共和
destroy the crops that fed them but the 销毁养活他们的庄稼，但是
American buildup of personnel in South 美国在南方的人员聚集
Vietnam War II do Chi Minh who saw an 越南战争第二次做志明
invasion of the north is inevitable the 入侵北方是不可避免的
Chinese then promised to arm his troops 然后中国人答应武装他的部队
and conscription was introduced 并介绍了征兵
requiring every able-bodied man to serve 要求每个身体健全的人服务
corruption and the suppression of 腐败与压制
Buddhists by Catholic officials in South 南方天主教徒的佛教徒
Vietnam's government had become so bad 越南政府变得如此糟糕
that to protest president ZM and his 抗议总统ZM和他的
regimes oppression a 73 year old monk 政权压迫一名73岁的和尚
set himself on fire as a silent crowd 以沉默的人群着火
watched him burn to death another monk 看着他把另一个和尚烧死
repeated again and again a Buddhist monk 一次又一次地和尚
becomes a martyr a Buddhist monk becomes 成为烈士，和尚成为
a martyr soon other monks would become soon道者不久其他僧侣将成为
martyrs but instead of allowing greater 烈士，但没有允许更大
freedoms for his people President diem 人民自由
imposed martial law and arrested anyone 实施戒严并逮捕任何人
that Pro 那位专业人士
tested the south a place promised to 在南方答应了一个地方
become a democracy had become a 成为民主国家
dictatorship 专政
Siam's rain could not continue Viet 暹罗的雨不能持续越南
Nam's military generals who had been 南的军事将领
told a coup would not be stopped by the 告诉政变不会被制止
United States assassinated ZM and his 美国暗杀ZM和他的
brother people took to the streets in 兄弟们走上街头
celebration but a new threat had arrived 庆祝，但新的威胁已经到来
and one Kennedy had dreaded who was to 肯尼迪曾怕谁
replace him Kennedy would not live to 取代他肯尼迪将不会活下去
see the question he had pondered he was 看到他曾思考过的问题
assassinated on the 22nd of November 在11月22日被暗杀
1963 and his vice president lyndon b 1963年和他的副总裁lyndon b
johnson was now in charge 约翰逊现在负责
fearing it would make a bad situation 担心会带来糟糕的情况
worse Johnson had opposed the coup that 更糟糕的是约翰逊反对政变，
overthrew ZM and had with ZM GaN 推翻ZM并使用ZM GaN
the Vietcong saw an opportunity and 越共看到了机会，
began to carry out attacks throughout 开始对各地进行攻击
the countryside a new power struggle 农村新的权力斗争
began in the south between January 1964 始于1964年1月的南部
and June 1965 there would be eight 1965年6月将有8个
different governments who after cooled 冷却后的不同政府
after government in ruins as the USS 在政府破产后成为USS
Maddox slowly moved through the Gulf Maddox慢慢穿越海湾
after issuing warning shots and came 发出警告枪声后
under fire from a North Vietnamese 在北越人的大火之下
torpedo squadron Ho Chi Minh was shocked 鱼雷中队胡志明市震惊
to hear of his Navy's attack and the 听到他的海军攻击和
officer on duty was removed for 因以下原因被免职
impulsiveness Ho Chi Minh demanded to 冲动胡志明要求
know who gave the order to attack but 知道谁下令进攻
there are still disagreements to this 对此仍然存在分歧
day on who did back in Washington the 谁回到华盛顿的那天
Joint Chiefs of Staff urged retaliation 参谋长联席会议敦促报复
against Vietnam but Johnson again 对越南，但约翰逊再次
refused a second attack would have to 拒绝第二次袭击将不得不
happen to justify retaliation Johnson 恰好有理由报复约翰逊
argued but no second attack ever did 争论，但没有第二次袭击
instead sonar operators convinced 相反，声纳操作员说服了
themselves an attack from the North 自己来自北方的进攻
Vietnamese had probably occurred the 越南人可能发生了
attack was probable but not certain 攻击很可能但不确定
Johnson was told and since it had 约翰逊被告知，因为它有
probably happened it shouldn't be left 可能发生了，它不应该离开
unanswered American pilots were sent to 未答复的美国飞行员被送到
attack North Vietnamese torpedo boat 攻击北越鱼雷艇
installations and oil facilities for the 的设施和石油设施
first time American pilots dropped bombs 美国飞行员第一次投下炸弹
on Vietnam the non-existent second 在越南尚不存在
attack allowed Congress to pass the Gulf 袭击使国会得以通过海湾
of Tonkin Resolution granting the 东京决议案授予
president authority to assist any 总统协助任何人的权力
Southeast Asian country threatened by 东南亚国家受到威胁
communist aggression and gave Johnson 共产主义侵略，并给约翰逊
the legal justification to deploy US 部署美国的法律依据
forces in Vietnam in retaliation nor 越南的报复部队
Fiat Cong guerrillas shelled the 菲亚特·丛游击队炮击了
American airbase near Saigon killing 美国空军基地在西贡附近被杀
five Americans and destroying five b-57 五名美国人并摧毁五架b-57
bombers advisors again suggested to 轰炸机顾问再次建议
Johnson he should place troops on the 约翰逊，他应该在
ground and carry out an air attack on 对地面进行空袭
targets in the north but he refused to 瞄准北方，但他拒绝
send ground troops 派出地面部队
the Vietcong then struck an American 越共袭击了美国人
helicopter base at pleiku killing eight 普莱库的直升飞机基地炸死八人
advisors and 顾问和
hundreds more and native blowing up a 数百人和当地人炸毁了
hotel killing 23 Americans hoping to 旅馆杀死23名美国人希望
bomb them into surrender Johnson 轰炸他们投降约翰逊
responded on March 2nd 1965 1965年3月2日回应
systematically bombarding targets 系统地轰炸目标
codenamed Operation Rolling Thunder the 代号Operation Rolling Thunder
president had changed his policy from 总统从
retaliatory bombing to an all-out attack 报复性轰炸全力以赴
something that was kept from the public 禁止公开的东西
the American people couldn't know he had 美国人民不知道他有
widened the war Vietcong attacks 扩大了越共战争的攻击
continued but America couldn't leave 继续，但美国无法离开
they were too heavily invested and a 他们投入太多了，
withdrawal rule would make them look 取款规则会让他们看起来
weak 弱
so in March 1965 Johnson took the action 因此，1965年3月，约翰逊采取了行动
he avoided for so long he was putting 他回避了很长时间
ground troops in Vietnam it was no 越南的地面部队不是
longer a fight against communism as 与共产主义的斗争不再是
Pentagon Papers later revealed it was to 五角大楼文件后来透露这是为了
avoid humiliation as 1966 began 2344 1966年开始躲避屈辱2344
Americans had died in Vietnam 200,000 美国人在越南死亡200,000
men were stationed there with more on 人们在那里驻扎着更多
the way the Vietcong now controlled 越共现在的控制方式
three-quarters of South Vietnam's 越南南部地区的四分之三
countryside moving their supplies and 农村运送物资和
weapons through Laos and Cambodia 12,000 通过老挝和柬埔寨的武器12,000
miles of twisted jungle roadways known 数英里的丛林弯道
as the Ho Chi Minh Trail they're 作为胡志明小径
Americans reasoned if the trail could be 美国人认为这条路可能是
sufficiently damaged the enemy wouldn't 足够破坏敌人不会
be able to sustain itself 3 million tons 能够自给自足300万吨
of explosives would fall in the Laos 爆炸物将落在老挝
portion of the trail alone a million 仅足迹的一百万
more tons than that dropped on Germany 比德国下降的吨数更多
and Japan during World War two as the 和第二次世界大战期间的日本
months and years went on and the death 几个月和几年过去了，死亡
tolls of American troops were climbing 美军的通行费在攀升
the American people were told not to 美国人民被告知不要
worry they were killing the enemy at a 担心他们在一个地方杀死敌人
ratio of 10 to 1 but American mothers 比率为10：1，但美国母亲
fathers sisters and brothers didn't care 父亲的兄弟姐妹们不在乎
about the 10 they cared about the one 关于他们关心的十个人
general westmoreland who claimed he 威斯特摩兰将军声称他
could win the war in three years sent an 可以在三年内赢得战争，
urgent cable to Washington asking for 紧急电报华盛顿
$200,000 but McNamara the Secretary of $ 200,000，但秘书麦克纳马拉（McNamara）
Defense told Johnson he had two options 国防部告诉约翰逊，他有两种选择
negotiate a compromise with Hanoi or 与河内谈判妥协或
give general westmoreland his men but 给韦斯特摩兰将军他的手，但
the chances of victory he said and no 他说胜利的机会，没有
better than one in three lyndon b 优于三分之一lyndon b
johnson chose option two to send more 约翰逊选择了第二个选项以发送更多
men he had been told the war was 有人告诉他战争是
unwinnable but hundreds of thousands of 不可胜数，但成千上万
American troops were being prepared to 美军正在准备
be deployed to a war those in Washington 被派往华盛顿的战争
knew was a lost cause 知道是一个失败的原因
it wasn't just the Vietnamese the 不只是越南人
Americans were fighting it was also the 美国人在战斗，这也是
terrain soldiers would have to make 地形士兵将不得不
their way through elephant grass thorn 穿过象草刺
bushes bamboos 20 meters tall and 灌木丛高20米的竹子，
jungles so thick it would take an hour 丛林那么厚，要花一个小时
just to move a hundred feet finger long 只是要使手指长一百英尺
black leeches caused wounds that quickly 黑水ches导致伤口很快
became infected and sunlight rarely hit 被感染，很少受到阳光照射
the jungle floor booby traps landmines 丛林地带的诱杀装置诱捕地雷
and grenades laced the terrain often 和手榴弹经常在地形上蔓延
causing the loss of limbs or death u.s. 导致四肢丧失或死亡
soldiers also had to deal with m16 士兵们还不得不应对M16
rifles that jammed in gunfights often 经常在枪战中卡住的步枪
cost in their lives 他们的生活成本
although the enemy rarely won a battle 虽然敌人很少赢得战斗
American victory rarely seemed to matter 美国的胜利似乎并不重要
enemy soldiers were quickly replaced and 敌军迅速被替换，
US soldiers were spread so thin it meant 美国士兵分散得如此之薄，意味着
any land they captured and then left was 他们占领然后离开的任何土地都是
quickly taken back by the enemy by the 被敌人迅速夺回
end of 1967 20,000 Americans would be 1967年底将有20,000名美国人
dead but those back home were told 死了，但被告知回家的人
victory was in sight there was light at 胜利就在眼前
the end of the tunnel the protests 隧道尽头的抗议活动
intensified at the beginning of 1968 在1968年初加剧了
half a million US troops were in Vietnam 50万美军在越南
and American leaders promised victory 美国领导人承诺胜利
was in sight but the North Vietnamese 在眼前，但北越人
Army and Vietcong were planning the 陆军和越共正在计划
general offensive scores of coordinated 整体进攻得分
attacks of South Vietnamese towns and 越南南方城镇的袭击和
cities and with Saigon defeated it would 城市和西贡打败它会
leave the Americans with no choice but 别无选择，只能离开美国人
to withdraw the date chosen for the 撤回选择的日期
attack was January 31st the first day of 攻击是1月31日
the Vietnamese Lunar New Year 越南农历新年
celebration known as Tet advance and we 庆祝被称为春节前进，我们
will achieve total victory ho chi minh 将取得总胜利胡志明市
told his soldiers by January 30th a 在1月30日前告诉他的士兵们
36-hour troops for Tet was in effect Tet的36小时部队生效
and thousands of Arvin troops had gone 成千上万的Arvin军队走了
home for the holiday the next day 84,000 第二天放假回家84,000
Vietcong guerillas and North Vietnamese 越共游击队和北越
soldiers attacked 36 of South Vietnam's 士兵袭击了越南南部的36
44 provincial capitals dozens of 44个省会几十个
American and Arvin military bases and 美国和阿文的军事基地和
the six largest cities in the country 全国最大的六个城市
including Wei Danang and Saigon but as 包括魏大南和西贡，但
the fighting raged on the plan the 战斗在计划上进行了
Vietcong an NVA had put in place was not NVA已经建立的越共不是
going well South Vietnamese soldiers and 南越南士兵进展顺利
US troops were inflicting significant 美军正在施加重大打击
casualties upon them and this would 他们的伤亡，这将
continue throughout the battle for the 在整个战斗中继续
first time the US soldiers could see 美国士兵第一次看到
what they were fighting the Vietcong 他们在与越共战斗
were in the streets rather than in the 在街头而不是在
bushes and in the buildings rather than 灌木丛和建筑物中，而不是
hidden in the trees the Vietcong were 隐藏在越共的树木中
now play in America's game the game 现在在美国游戏中玩游戏
America was best at after months of 美国在
fighting the Vietcong were pushed back 与越共战斗被推回
Johnson claimed the Tet Offensive was a 约翰逊声称Tet进攻是
devastating defeat for the Communists of 共产党的毁灭性失败
the 84,000 enemy troops that took part 参加的8.4万敌军
in the Tet Offensive 58,000 are killed 在春节攻势中有58,000人被杀
wounded or captured it was an 受伤或被俘
overwhelming victory for America and the 美国和美国的压倒性胜利
arvin the Vietnam War was the first 越南战争是第一次
television war in which on-site coverage 电视战中现场报道
from the frontlines was brought into the 从前线被带进了
American livingroom the public had been 美国客厅一直是
told up to the Tet Offensive the war was 告诉春节攻势，战争是
nearly over the North Vietnamese were so 北越几乎是这样
ground down that victory was in sight so 扎根，胜利就在眼前
when the offensive was launched it 当攻势发动时
contradicted what the American people 与美国人民的矛盾
had been told and it broke their trust 被告知，这打破了他们的信任
in the government protesters took to the 在政府抗议者带到
streets on March 31st 1968 Johnson spoke 1968年3月31日，约翰逊在大街上讲话
to the nation on television he announced 他在电视上向全国宣布
the u.s. was to stop bombing North 我们要停止轰炸北
Vietnam in the hopes to get them to the 越南希望将他们带到
negotiating table 谈判桌
he also said he would not run for 他还说他不会竞选
re-election it stunned the nation he 连任震惊了他
would begin to focus his efforts on 将开始集中精力于
achieving peace Martin Luther King was 实现和平马丁·路德·金当时
then assassinated and protesters again 然后被暗杀，抗议者再次
took to the streets the nation hadn't 上了全国没有的街头
been this divided since the Civil War to 自南北战争以来
make matters worse as Robert Kennedy run 罗伯特·肯尼迪（Robert Kennedy）逃跑使事情变得更糟
for 对于
campaigned to bring the war to an end in 竞选以结束战争
June he - just like his brother was 六月，他-就像他的兄弟一样
assassinated the nation was torn apart 暗杀了整个国家
Richard Nixon was elected president on a 理查德·尼克松当选总统
program of ending the war and bringing a 结束战争并带来
broken nation together 37 thousand US 破碎的国家在一起3.7万美元
troops had died when he took office and 他上任时部队已经死亡，
the war was on everybody's mind but how 战争在每个人的心中，但如何
he got there to the highest office in 他到达那里最高的办公室
the land was kept a secret as the next 土地被保密作为下一个秘密
election came Johnson was making 约翰逊大选来了
significant progress and had agreed to 取得重大进展，并同意
stop all bombing of Vietnam Hanoi for 停止对越南河内的所有轰炸
the first time had agreed to talk to 第一次同意与
Saigon and the u.s. had agreed to 西贡和美国已经同意
include the Vietcong in the peace talks 包括越共参加和谈
peace for what seemed like the first 和平似乎第一次
time was in sight but on November 2nd 时间已经到了，但在11月2日
just three days before the US election 美国大选前三天
President Chu of South Vietnam 南越总统朱
unexpectedly withdrew from the peace 意外地退出了和平
talks a representative of the Nixon 谈到尼克松的代表
campaign had secretly contacted the 竞选活动已经秘密联系了
Saigon government urging - to stay away 西贡政府敦促-远离
from the talks promising that once Nixon 从会谈中承诺，一旦尼克松
was elected president he would drive a 当选总统时，他会开车
harder bargain with Hanoi than Hubert 与河内讨价还价比休伯特难
Humphrey his competition would do to a 汉弗莱的比赛对
CIA bargain Chu's office and an FBI 中央情报局讨价还价楚的办公室和联邦调查局
wiretap in the South Vietnamese embassy 在南越大使馆进行窃听
in Washington Johnson had found out what 在华盛顿，约翰逊发现了什么
had happened he discovered that Nixon 曾经发生过，他发现尼克松
and his team were committing treason 和他的团队犯下叛国罪
they were contacting a foreign power in 他们正在与外国势力联系
the middle of a war Nixon had been 尼克松战争中
willing to delay the bloodshed in order 愿意推迟流血事件
to get elected Johnson unwilling to 让当选的约翰逊不愿
share how he got the information said 分享他如何获得信息说
nothing 没有
Nixon's secret was safe as the peace 尼克松的秘密很安全
talks reached stalemate and the war 谈判陷入僵局，战争爆发
continued American men were sent to 继续的美国男人被送到
their deaths in pointless battles they 他们在无意义的战斗中丧生
were to fight for land such as hamburger 争夺汉堡之类的土地
hill just to lay to give it up for the 山只是为了放弃而放弃
enemy body count is all that mattered as 敌人的身体数量至关重要
the protests back home continued Nixon 抗议回到家乡继续尼克松
had to change his policy the public had 必须改变公众的政策
had enough thousands of men were dying 有成千上万的人死亡
for nothing 不求回报
a policy of Vietnamization was to take 越南化的政策是采取
place arvin troops would gradually take 阿尔文部队将逐步占领
on more and more responsibility and 在越来越多的责任和
American troops would start coming home 美军将开始回家
the Americans began training the Arvin 美国人开始训练Arvin
sending more than a million m16 rifles 派出一百万多支M16步枪
40,000 grenade launchers and thousands 40,000个榴弹发射器和数千个
of vehicles both American and South 美国和南方的车辆
Vietnamese officials knew if America 越南官员知道美国是否
couldn't win with half a million of its 不能赢得一半的胜利
own troops South Vietnam by itself stood 自己的部队南越站着
no chance publicly Nixon claimed the 尼克松没有机会公开宣称
campaign to be a great success on 竞选取得巨大成功
September 2nd 1969 the 24th anniversary 1969年9月2日24周年
of Ho Chi Minh's declaration of 胡志明宣告的
Vietnam's independence ho Chi Minh 越南独立胡志明市
passed away for America although 虽然为美国去世
military victories increased and 军事胜利增加，
casualty figures fell anti-war sentiment 伤亡人数下降反战情绪
had still grown when the public found 当公众发现
out in the small village of malai 在马来的小村庄里
American soldiers had slaughtered more 美国士兵屠杀了更多
than 500 innocent men women and children 超过500名无辜的男女老少
protests and anti-war sentiment reached 抗议和反战情绪达到
new heights hundreds of thousands of 新高度数十万
people across the country took to the 全国各地的人们
streets four students were killed at 街头有四名学生被杀
Ken's date and another two at Jackson 肯的​​约会和杰克逊的另外两个约会
State University with negotiations at 州立大学与谈判
stalemate Nixon began a bombing campaign 僵局尼克松开始轰炸
around Hanoi remembered as the Christmas 河内周围的人们记得圣诞节
bombing 1,600 civilians were killed on 轰炸1600名平民丧生
December 26 Hanoi agreed to return to 12月26日河内同意返回
negotiations it would take them just six 谈判只需要六个
days to reach a final agreement America 天达成最终协议美国
had bombed them into accepting a deal 炸毁了他们接受交易
prisoners of war were to be released and 战俘将被释放，
American troops were to withdraw from 美军将撤出
Vietnam 越南
on March 29th 1973 the last American 1973年3月29日，最后一位美国人
troops would leave South Vietnam only 部队只会离开越南南部
200 Marines would remain helping guard 200名海军陆战队将继续提供帮助
the American Embassy and other buildings 美国大使馆和其他建筑物
in Saigon along with diplomats and CIA 在西贡与外交官和中央情报局
agents the south and the north would 南方和北方的特工
fight on and the population was once 继续战斗，人口曾经是
again caught in a brutal civil war Nixon 尼克松再次陷入残酷的内战
had pledged to South Vietnam that if 曾向越南南方保证，如果
Saigon were to be in trouble the US Air 西贡将陷入困境美国航空
Force would provide assistance to push 部队将提供协助推动
the Communists back just as they had 共产党人像以前一样回来了
done with the Easter offensive but in 完成了复活节攻势，但
August 1974 Nixon had resigned amid the 1974年8月，尼克松在
Watergate scandal and Congress were in 水门丑闻和国会都在
no mood to help 没有心情帮忙
they cut South Vietnam funds and 他们削减了越南南方的资金，
assistance in half and up to 20,000 援助最多一半，最多20,000
arvin troops were leaving the military a 阿尔文部队正在离开军队
month the Americans had provided guns 美国人提供枪支一个月
but not enough bullets 但子弹不够
they're provided planes but no pilots or 他们提供飞机，但没有飞行员或
training they provided trucks but no 培训他们提供卡车，但没有
spare parts things in the South were 南方的零配件
quickly falling apart the North pushed 迅速瓦解北推
on South defeating Arvin forces at every 在南方每一次击败Arvin部队
turn after thirty years of civil war 内战三十年后转变
Saigon was going to fall everything the 西贡将要跌倒的一切
Americans had fought and died to prevent 美国人为了防止
was going to happen soldiers and 正要发生士兵和
civilians began to flee South to evade 平民开始逃离南方以逃避
the North Vietnamese Army and President 北越军和总统
Chu resigned 楚辞职
on April 29th the invasion of Saigon 4月29日，西贡入侵
began it was time to evacuate 开始是撤离的时候了
helicopters would pick up groups of 直升机会接载
people and ferry them to aircraft 人们并把他们运送到飞机上
carriers and ships then to return to 承运人和船只然后返回
pick up more when the ships were full 船满的时候再捡
and to prevent more from coming 并防止更多
helicopters were pushed into the ocean 直升机被推入大海
the South surrendered to stop further 南方投降以进一步停止
bloodshed many were sent to re-education 流血事件很多人被送去接受再教育
camps for upwards of 10 years 扎营10年以上
arvin graveyards were bulldozed or pad 阿尔文墓地被推土机或垫子
locked and every effort was made to wipe 锁定，尽一切努力擦拭
away the memory of South Vietnam regime 忘记了南越政权
the Vietnamese after 30 years of war 2 30年战争后的越南人2
million deaths millions of refugees and 百万人死亡数百万难民和
villages destroyed were finally united 被摧毁的村庄终于团结起来
under one communist nation with Soviet 在一个与苏维埃共产主义国家下
help Vietnam would be turned into a new 帮助越南变成一个新的
socialist system agriculture was 社会主义制度农业是
collectivized capitalism was abolished 集体资本主义被废除了
industry was nationalized and planners 行业被国有化，计划者
were appointed to run it all along 被任命为一直运行
strict communist lines the results was 严格的共产主义路线的结果是
economic catastrophe the standard of 经济灾难的标准
living fell and people starved 1.5 生活下降，人们挨饿1.5
million people would eventually flee 最终有数百万人逃离
with 400,000 making it to America to 有40万到达美国
paraphrase John Kerry the Vietnam War 约翰·克里（John Kerry）的越南战争
bought everything into question the 买了所有有疑问的
rationalization of destroying villages 摧毁村庄的合理化
in order to save them 为了保存它们
America's morality in the face of mulai 面对穆来的美国道德
the meaning of free-fire zones shooting 自由射击区射击的含义
anything that moved a soldier's place to 任何将士兵的位置移动到
cheapness on the lives of civilians the 平民生活的廉价
falsification of body counts to increase 伪造人体计数增加
kill death ratio the unimportance of 杀死率的不重要
battles as men charged up hills because 人们在山上冲锋陷阵，因为
their generals told them to and after 他们的将军们告诉他们去往和之后
losing one platoon or two platoons they 他们失去一排或两排
marched a way to leave the hill for the 走出了一条路，离开山上去
enemy pride allowed the most unimportant 敌人的自尊心是最不重要的
battles to be blown into extravaganzas 战斗被吹成狂欢
because America couldn't lose and she 因为美国不会输，而她
couldn't retreat and because it didn't 无法撤退，因为它没有
matter how many lives were lost to prove 失去多少生命来证明
that point but for those who fought and 那一点，但对于那些战斗和
died on all sides risk their lives for 各方死亡，冒着生命危险
their country who showed bravery and 他们的国家表现出勇敢和
crow Feist they shouldn't be forgotten 乌鸦Feist他们不应该被忘记
for it was not a soldiers war but a 因为这不是一场士兵战争，而是一场
political war for which America and 美国和
Vietnam will never be the same 越南永远不会一样
build a fence around your land but bind 在你的土地上筑起篱笆，但束缚
by the stones 靠石头
spin you laugh 旋转你笑
his work 他的工作
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above the ground 高于地面
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take it all in stride 大步向前
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Mullens drive 马伦斯驱动器
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you 您