Okay, so with respect
to the network performance,
there are a lot of things that we saw.
And let's try to remember what you need to know
for your exam.
So as an exam essential, understand that the MTU values,
first of all, what is MTU?
And then the various MTU values within the VPC
and typically within the traffic flows out of VPC.
So if the traffic stays within the VPC,
MTU size of 9001 byte,
which is also called Jumbo Frames are supported.
But otherwise, if the traffic is going out of the VPC
over the internet gateway
or inter-region VPC peering connection,
or it is going to on-premise network via the VPN connection,
then the maximum MTU is 1500 bytes only.
Now understand that when the packets per second
is a bottleneck, that means your CPU
is having the limited capacity
and it can't process more packet per second.
In that case, increasing the MTU
would give the better throughput
because you are now processing the larger packet
at once, right?
So that's one optimization technique that you can apply.
Now, by using the Enhanced Networking and placement group,
ultimately it lowers the latency between the EC2 instances
and the hypervisor, but if you are using DPDK,
in that case, it improves the packet processing
at the operating system level.
So understand the difference between Enhanced Networking
and the DPDK.
So when your DPDK,
understand that it's OS level optimization.
Okay, moving on.
If you talk about the network bandwidth that EC2 can get,
the maximum network bandwidth it get,
it depends on a lot of factors, right?
Those factors could be instance family,
whether it's M family, C family.
So every instance family
would have different network bandwidths,
as well as the size of the instance.
That means what CPU capacity it has, what memory it has,
how much disc input, output IO it has, right?
Also whether the instance supports Enhanced Networking
or not.
All this factor will ultimately decide the maximum bandwidth
that EC2 instance can get.
But in general, if you want to look at the bandwidth,
then you can visit the AWS website documentation.
And then there you'll see a particular instance type.
What is the maximum bandwidth it supports?
Now also understand that the bandwidth, when we talk about,
it's an aggregated bandwidth across multiple flows.
Now one flow is one connection between, you know, EC2
and the other end, right?
Which is a file (indistinct) protocol
source port destination port source IP and destination IP.
So when we say a maximum bandwidth,
we are not talking about just one single connection
between the two machines, right?
We are talking about aggregate bandwidth
using multiple flows.
So bandwidth of aggregate flow within the region
would depend on the EC2 instance maximum bandwidth.
So as I said, EC2 would provide different bandwidth
depending on EC2 instance sizes.
Now, if you go to the AWS documentation,
so here is the documentation.
If you go to this page, I have given the link as well,
it states that within the region,
you can get the full network bandwidth of EC2 instance.
And if you just click here
and go to general purpose instances,
in that case, you can see here, for example, the,
there are different instance types first.
And then if you go to the network performance,
you can see T2 instances, maximum network performances,
one Gbps, but if you go down and see other instances
like m6, this is m6a, it provides 12.5 Gbps.
And in some cases you get
up to hundred Gbps maximum bandwidth across multiple flows.
Again, remember that.
Right with ENA, you have to use ENA in that case.
Now some instances support Intel, what your functions,
some support ENA, and accordingly the bandwidth is decided.
So that means there is no straightforward answer.
What is the maximum bandwidth for a given instance?
It depends on a lot of factors.
So always visit this page
and you will see the maximum bandwidth.
Similarly, there are other instance types as well,
and you can go and see their bandwidth as well.
Okay, now if the traffic is within the AWS region,
then you can get the maximum bandwidth of hundred Gbps
with the ENA that we learned about.
Also, if the (indistinct) is also within the same region,
then also you can get up to hundred Gbps of bandwidth
between EC2 and S3, again, using the multiple flows.
Now outside of the region to the internet or direct connect,
the maximum bandwidth you can get is maximum 50%
of the available network bandwidth.
Now that will also depend on the generation of the instance,
as well as the size of the instance.
The size of the instance has to be greater than or equal
to 32 vcpus and it should be current generation.
Then you can get up to 50%.
That means the page that we just saw,
if it says, say 20 Gbps maximum bandwidth,
but if the traffic is going outside of the region
to the internet or data connect,
then you can get up to 10 Gbps as a maximum bandwidth.
However, if the instance is not the current generation
or the size is less than 32 vcpu,
then the maximum bandwidth you get is five Gbps only.
So remember that.
And now the last thing you need to remember
is that the single flow bandwidth is typically limited
to five Gbps if the traffic is between two EC2 instances,
which are across VPCs or within the same VPC,
and if the traffic is going out to the internet or anywhere,
then it is limited to five Gbps.
But if the instances are
within the same cluster placement group,
now I hope you know, what is the placement group,
then you can get the 10 Gbps in a single flow.
Now this is typically required
for high-performance computing kind of workloads
like if you're running some, you know,
CAD applications or simulations,
then you need that level of bandwidth.
And in that case, you will use the cluster placement group.
Now, in that case per flow, you can get 10 Gbps,
and the aggregate bandwidth again is limited
to hundred Gbps with the unit that we already talked about.
So remember this things.
Okay, so that covers the important points,
what you need to remember, for exam.
So if I were to summarize this again,
understand that the maximum network bandwidth
between EC2 instances and other networking endpoint
is hundred Gbps that you get with the ENA.
And also understand that within the region,
you can get full bandwidth of EC2 instance,
and both low bandwidth is typically five Gbps,
but then within the cluster placement group,
you can get up to 10 Gbps as well.
Now, outside database region,
if the traffic is going to then the maximum bandwidth
could be 50% of the maximum available bandwidth
for that instance.
And otherwise, if the instance sizes are lower
than 32 VCPUs, then the maximum bandwidth is 5 Gbps.
Now, when we talk about maximum bandwidth within the region,
it could be between EC2s or it could also be between EC2
and S3 as well.
That means you can get hundred Gbps bandwidth
with multiple flows between EC2 and S3 as well.
So that's it about this lecture. Thanks for watching.