太阳 The sun...
给予我们光和热 Gives us warmth and light.
它为生命提供燃料 It is the fuel of life.
没有了来自太阳的能量 Without the energy of the sun
几乎没有任何生物能生长 旺盛 甚至存活 almost nothing grows, thrives or lives.
但太阳并不是为了我们而存在的 But the sun was not put there for our benefit.
它并不是为了挂在那里冲我们微笑 It is not this big jolly ball of nice
祝福我们度过美好的一天 smiling down on us,
做一个让人开心的玩具球 wishing us all a good day.
太阳并不是我们的朋友 It is not our friend.
而是一个怪物 The sun is a monster.
一个行星杀手 A planet killer.
而我们在地球上无法看到太阳的这一面 And we don't see that side of the sun down here.
但有八名宇航员 But eight astronauts,
通过在太空中的千日之旅 with over 1,000 days in space between them,
告诉我们 身处外太空 Can show us how being up there
能使其领略到 helped them understand
太阳的耀眼和狂暴 the sun's bright fury.
太阳的能量强到不可思议 It's got an incredible amount of power which you
等你进入太空中就会意识到这一点 really appreciate when you go out in space.
正如同远古众神 Just like the gods of old
太阳能创造生命 the sun can give life
也能毁灭生命 and it can destroy life.
它是个坏脾气的家伙 It's a mean son of a gun.
它一直在爆炸 同时向我们输送宇宙辐射 It's exploding and it's sending cosmic radiation at us.
从太阳辐射的总量来看 Given the amount of radiation from the sun,
地球上本不该有任何生命 there shouldn't be life on the surface of the earth.
我们本不应该存在 We shouldn't be here.
但是我们活在这里 But we are here.
多亏了这个世界 And we owe our lives to this world.
我将会告诉你 地核与大气层 I'm gonna tell you how the earths core...
以及生命进化机制本身 The air above us...
是如何保护我们的 and life itself work to protect us.
地球用一层盔甲保护着我们 The earth shields us in a suit of armor.
而她之所以能做到这点 And the way she does it...
则是悲惨境地中的一番奇迹 Is one hell of a strange story.
你看到人群里的那个男人了吗 You see that guy in the crowd?
他和我们大家有一点点不同 He's just a bit different from the rest of us.
他是位宇航员 He's a spaceman.
他曾经冒着生命危险 Once he risked his life
维修一台轨道高度563公里的望远镜 to fix a telescope 350 miles above the earth.
他一生致力于研究星星 And he's spent a lifetime studying the stars.
如今人们在仰望太阳时 People still feel this incredible fascination with,
依然能感受到不可思议的魅力 with looking at the sun.
每年两次 Twice a year
太阳越过曼哈顿街道的十字路口 it just crosses the line of the cross streets of Manhattan...
夕阳就在那里 And sets at just that right point
散发着美丽的橙色余晖 that it just makes a beautiful orange glow
弥散到整个城市 which permeates the city.
某种程度上我可以说 In some sense I suppose I could say
我比生活在地球表面的人们 I saw more of the true character of the sun...
见到过更多太阳真实的样子 Than people who are always on the surface of the earth.
打开气闸舱 You open the airlock
然后转身抬头看 and then turn around and look up.
这就像是《绿野仙踪》里 It's like that great scene in the Wizard of Oz
多萝西离开房子的那一幕 where Dorothy comes out of the house
世界不再是黑白的了 and it's not black and white anymore.
突然之间 世界有了色彩 All of a sudden, the whole world is in color.
不过别忘了遮阳板 But don't forget those visors.
当那个大火球直视你的时候它们可是很有用的 They do come in handy when that big fire ball is staring at you.
没错 Yep.
我最棒的发现之一 One of my great eureka moments
就是当我身处太空时 我第一次意识到 was realizing for the first time when I was in space
我正看着黑色天幕上的太阳 that I was seeing the sun in a black sky.
想象一下 Think of that.
你真的将太阳看作一颗星星 You really see the sun as a star.
尤其当我身着宇航服在太空活动的时候 Particularly when I was out in the space suit,
你能真切感受到太阳能在击打你的内脏 the power of the sun just hits you in the guts.
穿透你整个身体 It just goes through your entire body.
被阳光照耀到时舱外温度最高 有250度 The temperature extremes are 250 degrees in the sun
而在阴影处温度降至零下250度 and then minus 250 in the shade.
我们的装备能承受这样极端的温度真是了不起 That's pretty incredible and that our suits can withstand those temperatures.
但即使是我们航天员 But even we astronauts
也只能窥见太阳威力的冰山一角 only experience a fraction of the sun's power.
它有很多武器能置我们于死地 It has many weapons it can send our way.
热 光 还有能够摧毁整颗行星的太阳耀斑 Heat, light and deadly flares that can devastate entire planets.
看看火星 Look at Mars.
我们认为 几十亿年前 它和地球一样 Billions of years ago we think it was just like us...
都是生命的摇篮 A potential cradle for life.
但是来自太阳的辐射摧毁了它 But radiation from the sun ravaged it.
威力相当于数十亿颗广岛原子弹的太阳耀斑 Solar flares with the destructive power of billions of Hiroshima atomic bombs
将火星大气层剥离殆尽 helped chew away Mars's atmosphere
使得海洋蒸发干涸 and the oceans evaporated into space.
然而地球比火星距离太阳更近 Earth is even closer to the sun than Mars,
为什么我们没有变成灰烬呢 so how come we're not dust and ashes?
看 这是因为 地球的屏障更加坚固 See, the thing is, our planet is strong on defense.
每位参与者都做出了贡献 And every player has a role.
从外太空边界 From the edge of space...
到最深的海洋 To the deepest oceans...
到地球上环境最恶劣的地方之一 To one of the most hostile places on earth.
我们将会戴着氧气面罩入睡 We'll be sleeping with gas masks on.
有时候雾气散去这里会很漂亮 但是绝大多数时候 Sometimes it'll clear up and be beautiful but most of the
我们都会戴着氧气面罩 甚至是睡觉时 time we'll be wearing our gas masks even to bed.
肯·西姆斯不喜欢朝九晚五 Ken Sims doesn't do nine to five.
这才是他心目中美好的"办公室"日常 This is his idea of a good day at the office.
二十年以来 为了收集熔岩样本 For over 20 years he's ventured into active volcanoes across the globe
他深入全球各地的活火山 to collect samples of molten lava.
此等研究 Studying this stuff
是了解地核活动的最佳方法之一 is one of the best ways to understand what's happening in the center of the earth
同时还可以了解地球保护我们免受太阳灼伤的机制 and the process that protects us from the sun.
底部的阶地现在差不多 Pretty much that whole bottom terrace
已经被崭新的熔岩覆盖了 是吧 now is completely covered in brand new lava flow, isn't it?
是啊 新的岩浆要流到那墙边了 Yeah. And with the new lava flow coming around against the wall there,
所以我们得小心点了 we'll have to watch out.
这岩浆的温度极高 接近2000度 The lava's intensely hot, roughly 2,000 degrees.
它会把接触到的任何东西都燃烧殆尽 It will burn pretty much anything on contact.
好了 上前看看吧 Okay, heading over.
我打算就到边缘看看 I'll go over just towards the edge here.
来见识一下 We'll have a look.
哇 Whoa.
天哪 Holy...
那边的火山刚刚爆发了 是吧 It's just opened up on that side, hasn't it?
是啊 Yeah, totally.
天哪 Whoa.
肯 我很确定我们没法接近那里了 Yeah, Ken, I'm pretty certain that there is absolutely no way we are going down there.
那绝对是不可能完成的任务 That is without doubt mission impossible.
好吧 我们放弃此次行动 Okay, well, we're canceling this mission.
好吧 Yeah.
有点脑子的人都不会选择下去的 Just anybody with half a brain wouldn't go down there.
新一轮爆发意味着肯无法去火山口取样 The new vent means Ken can't take samples from the lake,
但他其实根本不用去的 but he doesn't need to.
毕竟爆发出的岩浆会直接喷向他 The vent is firing fresh lava right at him.
这里遍布着岩浆炸弹 There's a lot of lava bombs around here.
整个被炸弹覆满 It's just covered with bombs.
天哪 我 Wow, I'm...
从这里就能观察到火山喷发 can see the vent from here.
这场面真的很劲爆 It's really rocking and rolling.
我打算回来了 完毕 I'm gonna head back up, over.
当然 我这就回来 Sure, I'll come back.
我们收集到的固体岩浆样本具有放射性 The solid lava samples we've collected are radioactive.
里面含有铀和钍元素 They have uranium and thorium in them.
这些元素在维持地球热量上十分关键 Those elements are really important for maintaining the heat of the earth.
等一等 But wait a second.
这些物质和保护我们不受太阳伤害有什么关系 What does any of this have to do with keeping us safe from the sun?
这里具有放射性的岩浆 Radioactive lava up here
证明了地心深处有一"熔炉" 正进行着剧烈的核反应 proves there's a raging nuclear furnace at the heart of our planet.
地核是一个具有极高热量的大球 It is one big ball of incredible heat.
没错 一个十分巨大的球 I mean, a very big ball.
但并不限于此 But that's not all.
地球内部的熔岩饱含铁和镍 These molten insides are full of iron and nickel.
在地球内部起起落落 在持续运作的熔炉里旋转四溅 Rising, falling, spinning in a constantly melting furnace.
地球的磁场就在这些金属的剧烈搅动下生成 And all that churning metal creates its own magnetic field.
地球磁场范围最远延伸至643,737公里远的太空 This magnetic field stretches as far as 400,000 miles into space...
在宇宙中环绕着整个地球 surrounding the entire planet.
这个磁场具有很强大的力量 It is a massive force field
有利于抵御这些曾经摧毁火星的致命辐射 and it helps deflect the deadly radiation that destroyed Mars.
多数情况下 地球磁场是隐形的 For the most part our magnetic field is invisible.
但当太阳照射进来 我们就能看到它的活动 But when the sun flares up, we get to see it in action.
我们把这种现象称作极光 We call it the aurora.
多数人的人生目标清单上都有这一项 It's pretty much on everyone's bucket list
但当你身处宇宙 你将看到完全不一样的光景 but in space you see it in an entirely different way.
我看到这道绿光 I saw this green glow.
它简直像一个正在起舞的人 It's almost like a person dancing.
它有一个特定的形状 并且会跟随着我们律动 It was a shape and these forms that were moving as we went over.
这些红色绿色以及各种迷离的色彩合起来 And the greens and reds and all of the faint colors,
就像一个巨大的鬼幕 like this enormous ghost of a curtain.
你不仅能用眼睛看见它 You're not just seeing it with your eyes.
你还可以感知它 It, you're feeling it.
还可以用心感受它 You're feeling it with your heart as well.
它成为了你的一部分 It's a part of you.
当我们俯视极光的时候 它美过了世上万物 When we look down at the aurora it's all the more beautiful
因为我们正在看着我们的星球 because we know that we're looking at our planet
从太阳的死亡射线中护我们周全 keeping us safe from the sun.
但你知道吗 But you know what?
我们的生命并不只受这一层屏障的保卫 It takes more than that one shield to keep us alive...
因为太阳还有一个杀手锏 because the sun has another weapon.
一个无声的暗杀者 A silent assassin.
那是什么呢 The assassin's name?
光 Light.
万物运行围绕太阳 Everything revolves around the sun.
确实如此 Literally.
太阳是整个太阳系背后的主宰 It's the big boss of the solar system
但它最具欺骗性的武器却常被我们认为是朋友 but its most deceptive weapon is something we usually think of as our friend.
光 Light.
它是宇航员们需要特别防御的危险存在 It's a hazard astronauts need special protection from.
我们能看见太阳发射的可见光 We see the visible light from the sun
但那之中同时存在着紫外线 but there's also ultraviolet light.
而它往往有巨大的杀伤力 That can actually do significant damage.
宇航飞船的每个舷窗都会有特殊涂层过滤紫外线 Every porthole window has special layers, different UV filters.
在和平号航空站中有一个窗子例外 On space station MIR there was one that was not.
当我飘过那 就地坐着 But when I floated over that thing,if you sat there
经受那些太阳射线的照射 那么一分钟之内 and had those rays of sun hit you, in less than a minute,
皮肤就会开始发红 you'd see your skin reddened.
紫外线在太空中的力量大到 The power of UV light in space means
如果没有镀金面甲的保护 that without our gold visors
我们的视力将受到永久性损伤 our eyesight could be damaged permanently.
对几乎所有地球生物来说 像我们一样在宇宙中直面太阳 For almost all life on earth, facing the sun as we do in space
最终的后果将是致命的 would ultimately be fatal.
这听起来很疯狂 不是吗 It's crazy, right?
在太空 你需要一件价值1200万美元的宇航服 In space you need a $12 million spacesuit
来防御太阳的杀伤力 to protect you from the sun...
但在地球表面时一些防晒乳就能完美起效 whereas on the surface of the earth just some lotion does the job perfectly fine.
我们非常幸运 We're quite fortunate.
太阳光中具杀伤性的紫外线仅有百分之二 Only about 2% of the really damaging ultraviolet radiation from the sun
照射到了地球表面 actually gets down to the surface.
如果所有紫外线全都射到地表 If every bit got down to earth...
皮肤会在几秒钟内灼伤 skin would burn in a matter of seconds.
而这还只是个开始 That's just the start.
紫外线损坏DNA 并使正常细胞癌变 UV radiation breaks down DNA and turns healthy cells cancerous.
如果我们受太阳光直射 If we were hit by the full force of the sun,
地球将被彻底"消毒" plants would be sterilized...
微生物会被消灭 microscopic life would be sterilized...
地球上将不存在生命 life couldn't be sustained on the surface of the earth.
紫外线是致命的 所以我们为什么 Ultraviolet light is vicious so how come we're
还没被烧成碎片 not burned to a crisp?
答案就在我们上空 The answer is high above us.
太阳向我们发射致命的紫外线 The sun slings deadly UV light at us...
但是大部分都在途中被一层由分子薄膜所阻止 but most of it is stopped in its tracks by a thin blanket of molecules
我们叫它臭氧层 that we call the ozone layer.
臭氧层是我们在空中的的第二道屏障 但它是脆弱的 The ozone layer is our second shield in the sky but it's fragile,
极其脆弱 extremely fragile.
三十年前 我们发现人造化学物质造成了 30 years ago, we discovered manmade chemicals had punched
臭氧空洞 a hole in the ozone layer.
这个空洞会一直存在吗 Is that hole here to stay?
等待它使人类灭亡吗 Waiting around to kill us?
今天我们仍在努力探寻 Today we're trying hard to find out.
摩根·桑德克将对专门用于臭氧层采样的实验飞机进行测试 Morgan Sandercock is about to test an experimental plane perfect for sampling ozone.
继续 加压 Go ahead, go, pressurizing.
我觉得咱们能上升至九万英尺 We think we can go as high as 90,000 feet.
吉姆 你可以出发了 Jim, you're ready to go.
我准备好了 I'm ready.
这是勇敢者的工作 That's the big boy territory.
这里事情会在一瞬间出错 That's where things can wrong very, very quickly.
如果机舱压力不够 飞行员会很容易晕过去 If we lose cabin pressure, then the pilots could very easily pass out
我们也没有任何自动系统 and we don't have any automatic systems
来使其恢复 to recover from that.
准备出发 Getting ready to roll.
滑翔机在如此高空 听起来很危险 Now a glider might sound like a dangerous choice so high up,
但是滑翔机没有引擎 意味着它不会污染 but gliders don't have engines which means they can't pollute
实验样本 the team's samples.
收到消息 起落架已收起 Got a firm count, dolly off.
收到 收起起落架 翼轮升空 Count, dolly is off, wing wheel is off.
好的 11:32升空 Okay, rolling at 11:32.
11:32 记下了 请持续报时 11:32, written down, if you can get us the time.
升空 Airborne.
普兰滑翔机借助南安第斯山脉的上升气流 The Perlan glider uses air rising over the southern Andes
来达到极高的高度 to reach extraordinary heights.
- 空速70节 - 看起来真美 - Air speed, 70 knots. - Looking beautiful,.
美极了 Terrific, yeah.
52000英尺(约合15849米)高使它成为飞得最高的滑翔机 52,000 feet up makes this the highest glider flight ever
但你必须到达如此高度才能拍下臭氧层好看的照片 but you've gotta get this high to get a great picture of the ozone layer.
好消息是 多亏了针对有害化学物质的全球禁令 The good news is that thanks to a global ban on ozone harming chemicals,
空洞似乎在逐渐复原 it looks like the hole is healing up.
我们的屏障正在重生 Our shield is regenerating.
我们的地球不是无生命的物体 Our planet is not an inanimate object.
它是一个可以自愈的生命体 It's a living thing and it can heal itself.
当我们发现臭氧层空洞时 When we discovered the hole in the ozone layer,
人类共同努力 禁止有害物质的使用 mankind did come together on that one and we banned those substances.
你低头 就能看见这脆弱的星球 You look down and you see this fragile planet
它面对着极度的危险仍孕育着生命 which supports life on its surface in the face of the incredible hostility
你会变得更加敏感 and so you become much more sensitive,
它也需要保护 I think, to the need to protect it.
不论怎么看 臭氧层都很特殊 Any way you look at it, the ozone layer is pretty special.
这层屏障保护了我们几百万年 This shield has looked after us for millions of years,
在猿猴进化成人之前 even before mankind came down from the trees,
甚至在恐龙存在之前 even before the dinosaurs walked the earth.
没有臭氧层就不会有人类 Without the ozone layer there would be no human race.
地球上的生命将只限于水中 Life on earth would be trapped under water.
在地球与太阳的斗争中 In Earth's battle with the sun,
太阳总是占上风 the sun has often had the upper hand.
现在 臭氧层保护我们免受紫外线伤害 但很久以前 Today the ozone layer protects us from UV but once upon a time,
它并不存在 it wasn't there.
唯一适合生命的安全地带在水下 The only safe place for life was under the waves.
如果三十亿年前没出现一个可以 Life would probably still be down there if it wasn't for something
将阳光作为己用的新物种 new that emerged nearly three billion years ago
生命也许现在还只能在水下 and found a way to use sunlight to its advantage.
几十亿年前 当远古生物首次利用太阳光能 Billions of years ago as ancient organisms first harnessed the energy of the sun,
它们开始产生一种代谢废物 they began producing a waste product.
氧气 Oxygen.
开始只是很少的个体 然后几千个变成几百万个 At first it was just a few individuals, but thousands became millions.
几百万个变成数万亿个 Millions became trillions.
全部生产着氧气 All bubbling up oxygen.
当氧气上升到大气中时 When oxygen gas rises high into the atmosphere
神奇的事情发生了 something very special happens to it.
它转化成了有保护性的臭氧 It transforms into protective ozone.
在臭氧层的保护下 先是微生物 Under the shelter of this ozone layer, first microbes
随后真菌和植物都从水中迁出 then fungI and plants migrated out of the water.
这意味着更多的氧气正在被制造出 And this meant even more oxygen was being produced,
进一步加强了对紫外线的防护层 further strengthening our shield against the sun's UV light.
这将成为我们地球上 And this would help make possible one of our planet's
最重要的时刻之一 most defining moments.
由于被厚度前所未有的臭氧层所保护着 Protected by a thicker ozone layer than ever before,
地球向生命敞开了新世界的大门 a whole new world of possibilities opened up for life on earth.
我们认为 当四亿年前 We think it was about 400 million years ago when
初等脊椎动物蹒跚在干燥的陆地上时 simple vertebrates first took their tentative steps onto dry land.
或许这些早期动物仍通过 It's probable that these early animals were moving around
类似鳍的东西行走 using something that was still pretty much like the fins
就像以前它们在水里一样 that they used to get around in the water.
从水里迈向陆地的那一小步 With that one small step from water to dry land...
地球上的生命自此产生巨变 life on earth changed forever.
那是动物的一小步 That was one small step for animal kind
但却是地球上生命的大飞跃 and one giant leap for life on earth.
生命以数以十亿计的方式离开水 Life spilled out of the water in a billion different ways
以各种形态来到陆地 taking on a host of forms.
一切都源于天空那层特别的氧气 All because of that special layer of oxygen up in the sky.
是的 那是地球给予我们的两层护盾 Right, so that's two shields that our planet gives us.
但太阳有终极武器 But the sun has a final weapon.
热量 Heat.
太阳迸发着上百万度的强力高温 It's pumping out millions of degrees of powerful burn
这种强力高温还被它的地球盟友强化着 and that powerful burn is intensified by an ally down here on earth,
人人都惧怕它的地球盟友 one feared by people everywhere.
火山是糟糕的邻居 Volcanoes make terrible neighbors
即使你的住处远离火山 but even if you live far away from one,
比如住在地球的另一端 like on the other side of the planet,
你依然能感受到火山的热量 a volcano could still make you feel the heat.
这些气体中大部分是二氧化碳 Much of this gas cloud is CO2, carbon dioxide,
它是无情的杀手 and CO2 is a killer.
它将热量困在大气层中 It traps heat in the atmosphere.
如果你想知道二氧化碳的危险性 If you wanna know how dangerous CO2 can be,
在金星溜达一圈便知道了 just try taking a walk on Venus.
金星表面的高温如同炼狱 The surface of Venus is hotter than hell.
令人惊讶的是 在太阳系里 Surprisingly the planet with the hottest temperature
地表温度最高的星球是金星 at the surface in our whole solar system is Venus,
尽管它并不是离太阳最近的星球 even though it's not the planet closest to the sun.
那纯粹是因为大气层里存在过多的二氧化碳 That is purely the effect of having too much carbon dioxide in your atmosphere.
地球的火山向空中喷发二氧化碳 On earth, volcanoes have been firing CO2 into the sky
已有上亿年的历史 for billions of years.
那么 问题来了 So, here's the question.
金星热如炼狱 为何地球还能如此凉快 How come it's pretty cool here on Earth while Venus is fully baked?
地球有处理二氧化碳的独特方法 Well, the earth has its own way of dealing with CO2,
是这颗星球的独门秘诀 unique to this planet.
但它很容易出差错 But it can easily go wrong.
太阳风暴和紫外线对人类造成极大威胁 The sun threatens us with solar explosions and ultraviolet light
但最危险的还是极致的热量 but its most dangerous weapon could be plain old heat.
它能烤熟星球 It can cook planets,
特别是那些被二氧化碳气体包围的星球 especially ones wrapped in a warm blanket of carbon dioxide gas.
但地球有其优雅之道 But the Earth has its own very elegant way to stop itself
防止被太阳蒸干 from being boiled dry by the sun.
看到它的最佳方式是从402公里高处鸟瞰 The best way to see it in action is from 250 miles straight up.
就像人体能保证自身系统的正常运作 Just like the human body has ways of keeping all of our systems in check,
类似地 地球也有自己的调节系统 similarly the earth has its own regulatory system...
它只在大气里保留适量的二氧化碳 and it's kept just about the right amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
你能从太空中获得独特的视角 From space you got a unique perspective.
一切始于某种 The process starts with something
其他太阳系星球没有的东西 no other planet in the solar system has.
雨水使空气调节系统变成现实 An air conditioning system made possible by rain.
我们通常认为雨水是 Normally we think of the rain as being pure water
从天而降的纯净水 coming down out of the sky.
但事实上 雨水携带着来自大气的溶解二氧化碳 But actually it's carrying dissolved carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
雨水变成酸性物质 溶解岩石 and this makes it acidic enough to dissolve rocks.
最终 这些水 泥沙 和封存的二氧化碳 Ultimately this water, silt and locked-up carbon dioxide
一同汇入地球的河流 will all get washed into the planet's rivers.
这个过程每天都会悄然发生 This process goes on right under our noses every day
但有时它会以壮观的形式引起我们的注意 but sometimes it can make itself visible in a truly spectacular fashion.
这些人得以一瞥 These people get to take a small peek at the way
我们的地球如何保持凉爽 our world keeps itself cool
场面令人叹为观止 and, wow, is it impressive.
藏在水里的是从天而降的碳 Hidden in all that water is carbon pulled from the sky.
这条大河正迫使它流向海洋 This great river is forcing it into the ocean.
鸟瞰此景 仿佛是在向星空展示其愤怒雄壮 Seen from above its raging majesty is laid out for the stars to see.
从太空鸟瞰河流 Looking at rivers from space
你能确切感觉到大量的物质流动 you really get a sense of the movement of huge amounts of material.
难以忘怀的场景 It's unforgettable.
你能看到奔流的棕色河流 You can see the brown color which goes way,
一路奔向海洋 way out into the ocean.
当河流带走大量的沉积物和封存的二氧化碳 As rivers spit out huge quantities of sediment and locked-up CO2,
曾存在大气里的碳 carbon that was once in our atmosphere
被深埋在海底 gets buried at the bottom of the ocean
这个过程有助于冷却地球 and that helps cool down our planet.
数百万年间 雨水 河流和火山之间的循环 Over millions of years the cycle of rain, rivers and volcanoes
帮助平衡大气层内的二氧化碳量 has helped balance the CO2 in our atmosphere,
令我们在太空的严寒里得以温暖 keeping us warm in the coldness of space
也使我们免遭太阳的炙烤 while preventing us from being boiled alive by the sun.
我学过地球科学 I had studied earth science,
但当你真正飞上太空 but when you actually go into space,
你会由衷地感叹 you feel it on a visceral level.
你会意识到这是活着的地球 You realize it's the living Earth.
这颗星球上各种生态系统 All of these systems on the planet whether it's,
火山 哪怕其存在于海洋身处 you know, volcanoes, whether it's currents in the ocean...
都在塑造着我们眼前的这颗星球 are shaping and molding this planet that we see.
看起来像是地球的器官 It looks like it's its own organism.
仿佛它在存活 在呼吸 Like it's living, it's breathing, it's the...
随着云层移动 这感觉仿佛 as the clouds move, I mean, it's almost like it's...
它是活的 it looks alive.
数十亿年来 大自然的古老系统保全了这颗星球 Nature's ancient systems have kept our planet safe for billions of years.
但现在却经受着极大变化 but now they're changing in a very big way.
现在人类的碳排放量 Right now humans are pumping 60 times
比火山喷发量高出六十倍 more CO2 into our atmosphere than volcanoes
留给地球空调系统 and there isn't enough time
自行调节的时间不够了 for the Earth's air conditioning system to correct the problem.
地球越来越热 The planet is getting hotter.
变得有多热呢 How much hotter?
由我们决定 That depends on us.
这不是件简单的事 但是我希望 It's not gonna be easy but my hope is that
正如我们解决了臭氧空洞问题一样 just as we fixed the ozone hole
人类最终也能解决这个问题 humans are ultimately gonna be able to fix this.
人类未必只能冷眼旁观 Human beings don't have to just stand by
地球与太阳之间的战争 and watch Earth's war with the sun.
我们能帮上忙 而且必须帮 We can help. We have to.
约40亿年来 地球一直抵抗着太阳的威力 For almost four billion years our planet has held off the power of the sun,
但那只火球把我们吞噬不过是早晚的事 but that fire ball will get us in the end
正是杰夫·霍夫曼 让我们得以瞥见恐怖的未来 and thanks to Jeff Hoffman we've been given a terrifying glimpse into the future.
一个明亮刺眼的未来 A very bright future.
40亿年来 地球一直保护我们免受太阳的伤害 For almost four billion years our planet has shielded us from the sun.
但它不可能永远保护我们 But those shields won't protect us forever.
问问杰夫·霍夫曼就知道了 Ask Jeff Hoffman.
他和他的的团队致力于哈勃望远镜的修复工作 He was part of the team who allowed us to see our ultimate fate.
为我们提供了窥见人类宿命的机会 when he helped fix the Hubble telescope.
哈勃望远镜"天生近视" Hubble couldn't see straight.
它曾沦为深夜秀里谐星们的笑柄 It was the butt of jokes of late night comedians.
它被美国国会谴责为"火鸡技术" It was denounced in the halls of the US Congress as a techno turkey.
"它简直是个灾难" "It was a disaster."
因此 修复哈勃望远镜 So fixing Hubble was critical
对NASA未来想执行的太空计划来说至关重要 for the future space activities that NASA wanted to carry out.
我们士气满满 我们准备好了 让我们开始吧 We are inspired. We are ready. Let's go fix this thing.
同时作为天文学家和宇航员 Both as an astronomer and an astronaut
我竭尽全力修复哈勃太空望远镜 to take my two hands and put them on the Hubble space telescope
最终修好了 and actually fix it...
打开闸门 Endeavored motion of the aperture door.
罗杰 我们还活着 Roger, we're alive.
那时候我们成就感很强 That's been a great source of satisfaction.
安全打开 We have a good release.
收到 非常感谢你们 Copy. And we very much appreciate it.
杰夫 我有好消息要告诉你 I do have some good news for you, Jeff.
装备经过全面检查 一切正常 The payload folks have gone through a complete checkout and are fully functional.
太好了 Great news.
多亏杰夫和他的团队 Thanks to Jeff and the team,
哈勃望远镜从火鸡走向了成功 Hubble went from turkey to triumph.
有些影像由于色彩和张力而显得十分神圣 Some of these images are almost biblical in their intensity.
看到它们的时候我还是会起一身鸡皮疙瘩 They still give me goosebumps when I look at them.
它们形状各异 色彩缤纷 看起来就像某些迷幻艺术家的画作 So many different forms and colors, it looks like the work of some psychedelic artist
但实际上是我们所居住的宇宙 but it's the universe that we live in.
太奇妙了 I mean, it's extraordinary.
有了哈勃望远镜 我们可以精确捕捉到 The work on Hubble meant we could capture the exact moment
类似太阳的恒星死亡的那一刻 when a star like the sun dies.
大约50亿年后 太阳将会体积膨胀 Around five billion years from now, the sun is going to grow in size,
吞噬地球 swallowing up the earth.
到那最后的时刻 地球上的所有物质 And in those final moments, all matter on our planet,
所有生命轨迹 all traces of life...
都将在太阳吞并地球的那一刻 灰飞烟灭 will be torn apart as the Earth is enveloped by the sun.
当我返回地球后 仰望太阳时 When I came back on Earth and looked up at the sun,
它看起来和以前一样 it looked the way it had always looked before
只不过我见过了它的真面目 except I knew that I had seen it like it really was.
这感觉就像 很短暂地看到了一个人卸下防备后的真面目 It's like seeing somebody's true nature very briefly when they let their guard down
之后却再也没机会看到 and then you never see that again.
数十亿年来 地球保护我们免受太阳的伤害 Earth's protected us from the sun for billions of years.
这是生命得以在地球表面繁衍生息的最主要原因之一 It's been one of the main reasons that life has been able to thrive here on the surface.
作为生物的一个物种 我们需要这种庇护 As a biological creature we need the Earth to protect us
这些屏障提供了厚厚的防护层 and these shields provide sort of a blanket over us
以确保我们的安全 让我们能在这个星球上无忧生活下去 to just keep us secure and sort of carefree on the planet.
我们难道真的是因为幸运 碰巧一切都完美吗 Were we just lucky that all these things happened to be in place?
当然 如果不是一切都很完美 Well, of course if they weren't in place,
我们不会存在 而我也不会聊起这些 we wouldn't be here and I wouldn't be talking about this.
下次 当你走在外面 Next time you take a walk outside
烈日当头时 when the sun is high in the sky...
花点时间想想金属在地核翻腾 take a moment and think about the iron churning at the Earth's core,
氧气从海底冒出泡泡 the oxygen bubbling out from under the sea,
雨水打在岩石上 the rain crashing onto the rocks,
所有先于我们存在 为人类世界创造可能的东西 all these things that came before us and made this world possible,
所有那些偶然 那些地球系统 those chance events, those planetary systems
让我们这些渺小如微尘的人类得以在阳光下生存 that allow our little moat of dust to survivve in a sunbeam.
你 我 以及我们认识的所有人 You, me and everyone we know,
都很辛运 we are lucky,
幸运可以去到最远的地方 lucky to get as far as we have
幸运能存在于此时此地 and lucky to be here now.
这还不是故事的结尾 But this is not the end of the story.
怎么了 还好吗 What's up? How are you doing?
下集 我们将讲述地球上生命的起源 Next time how all life on Earth got started.
告诉你吧 那会将奇妙提升到一个全新的领域 And let me tell you, that takes strange to a whole new level.
Translated by ALICIA & NINA 翻译：艾丽西卡 & 圈儿
Translated by ALICE & CECILIA & AkI 翻译：阿咲 & 呆呆 & 秋天
Compressed by DREAM TRAVELER 压制：失梦旅行
Proofread by BOB & WILDER 校对：饽饽 & 歪二德
Supervised by HESTER & MINKAGO 监制：花生 & 明卡苟
国家地理 倾情呈现
达伦·阿罗诺夫斯基 大作
理想 之作
由 威尔·史密斯 主持
刚 果 民 主 共 和 国
尼拉贡戈火山
埃尔卡拉法特
阿根廷
印度尼西亚
布罗莫火山
小 浪 底
中国
杰夫·霍夫曼 天体物理学家
利兰·梅尔文 漫游太空24天
肯·西姆斯教授 火山学家
奥尔多·凯恩 考察队领队
利兰·梅尔文 漫游太空24天
克里斯·哈德菲尔德 漫游太空166天
妮可·斯科特 漫游太空104天
杰夫·霍夫曼 漫游太空50天
杰瑞·林格恩 漫游太空143天
摩根·桑德克 高空滑翔机飞行员
迈克·马西米诺 漫游太空29天
杰瑞·林恩格 漫游太空143天
杰夫·霍夫曼 漫游太空50天
查里斯·哈德菲尔德 漫游太空166天
杰夫·霍夫曼 漫游太空50天
肖强 总工程师
利兰·梅尔文 漫游太空24天
妮可·斯托特 漫游太空104天
杰夫·霍夫曼 漫游太空50天
克里斯·哈德菲尔德 漫游太空166天
杰瑞·林格恩 漫游太空143天
屏 障
我叫罗莫·那迪
我们举行这些献祭
是为了保护这里和腾格尔人民的安全
我们向祖先示诚
他们保佑我们得到救赎
腾格尔人民献上祭品
火山神便会息怒
控制了约百分之九十的黄河径流
黄河的径流每年大概是四百亿方
若水库不排水放沙
泥沙将侵占水库的防洪库容 导致水库防洪库容不足
那个释沙 感觉到非常的壮观
像万马奔腾一样
神秘星球
《绿野仙踪》的主人公多萝西 ,在龙卷风发生时和房子一起被卷走 龙卷风停下后,多萝西走出房子 发现身处一个叫奥兹的矮人国里
太阳耀斑:发生在太阳大气局部区域的一种最剧烈的爆发现象,在短时间内释放大量能量, 引起局部区域瞬时加热,向外发射各种电磁辐射,并伴随粒子辐射突然增强
[金是电磁辐射的优良反射体,具有过滤紫外线的能力]
[九万英尺：约合27432米]
[节：船和飞行器的速度计量单位，每小时一海里，即每小时1.852千米]
哈勃望远镜起初因镜面打磨失误,成像不能达到预期精度 这让原本信心满满的天文学家和公众大失所望
[NASA：美国国家航空航天局]
[1993年,科学家利用"奋进号"航天飞机升空的机会,为哈勃望远镜带上了一个"改正镜"]
[此为草帽星系(The Sombrero Galaxy),位于室女座,距离地球2930万光年]
此为"创生之柱",由哈勃望远镜于1995年4月1日在老鹰星云内拍摄的一张影像 曾被Space网评定为哈勃太空望远镜拍摄的最佳前十名的照片之一
[此为弹涂鱼,又名跳跳鱼,一类进化程度较低的古老鱼类,中国沿海均有分布]