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Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill was born at Blenheim Palace in the county of Oxfordshire England.
温斯顿伦纳德斯宾塞丘吉尔出生于英格兰牛津郡的布伦海 姆宫。
on the 30th of November 1874,
1874年11月30日，
his father Randolph Churchill had been conservative member of parliament for Woodstock Oxfordshire since 1873 succeeding his own father,
他的父亲伦道夫·丘吉尔自1873年接替他自己的父亲 以来一直是伍德斯托克牛津郡议会的保守党员，
John Spencer,
约翰斯宾塞，
Churchill.
丘吉尔。
after it moved to the House of Lords Winston's mother Jenny,
在它搬到上议院温斯顿的母亲珍妮之后
Churchill was American,
丘吉尔是美国人，
a family's wealth coming from success in finance,
一个家庭的财富来自金融的成功，
although despite their wealth and connections,
尽管他们有财富和关系，
both Randolph and Jenny were often in debt and owed money worries a problem which would become all too familiar to Winston later in his life in 1877,
兰多夫和珍妮都经常欠债，欠钱担心一个问题，这个问题 在1877年的温斯顿生活中会变得非常熟悉，
the family moved to Ireland after Winston's grandfather was made Viceroy.
在温斯顿的祖父成为Viceroy后，全家搬到了爱尔 兰。
three years later,
三年后，
Jenny gave birth to Winston's brother Jack,
珍妮生下温斯顿的弟弟杰克，
sparking rumors regarding Jack's paternity as Randolph and Jenny did not have a close relationship.
因为兰多夫和珍妮没有亲密的关系，引发了有关杰克渊源 的谣言。
indeed,
确实，
Winston's relationship with both his parents was rather distant.
温斯顿与父母的关系相当遥远。
it was common in the English aristocracy of the time for children to be raised by nannies,
在当时的英国贵族中，保姆抚养孩子是很常见的，
and indeed Winston was devoted to his own nanny Elizabeth on Everest,
事实上，温斯顿在珠穆朗玛峰上致力于他自己的保姆伊丽 莎白，
a recalled woman II when he was seven Winston was sent to boarding school as a George's in Ascot Berkshire.
一个被召回的女人，当他七岁时，温斯顿被送到寄宿学校 作为乔治在阿斯科特伯克郡的学校。
he was an unruly pupil,
他是一个不守规矩的学生，
did poorly academically and after a spate of ill health,
学业上做得不好，经过一连串的健康状况不佳，
was moved to the Brunswick school,
被搬到了不伦瑞克学校，
a whole East Sussex.
整个东萨塞克斯郡。
he improved as a student and narrowly passed his exams in 1888,
作为一名学生，他在1888年勉强通过了考试，
which enabled him to begin studying at Harrow.
这让他开始在哈罗学习。
arguably the best public school in England,
可以说是英格兰最好的公立学校，
his father,
他的父亲，
was determined that Winston would pursue a career in the military and after finishing at Harrow,
确定温斯顿将在军队中完成职业生涯，并在哈罗完成任务 后，
he twice tried and failed to gain entry to the Royal Military Academy at Sandhurst.
他曾两次尝试并未能进入桑德赫斯特皇家军事学院。
but on the third attempt he was accepted and graduated in 1894,
但在第三次尝试中，他被接受并于1894年毕业，
however,
然而，
Winston's pride at doing well at Sandhurst was short-lived,
温斯顿对在桑德赫斯特做得很好的骄傲是短暂的，
as in January 1895 his father Randolph died of syphilis.
如同在1895年1月，他的父亲兰多夫死于梅毒。
afterwards,
然后，
the cause of death was kept from Winston.
温斯顿保留了死因。
in February 1895.
在1895年2月。
Churchill was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 4th Azar's Cavalry Regiment of the British Army based at Aldershot.
丘吉尔被委任为位于奥尔德肖特的英国陆军第四阿扎尔骑 兵团的少尉。
he was posted to India in October 1896 and,
他于1896年10月被派往印度，
a year later,
一年后，
in 1997,
在1997年，
managed to join the Malakand field force as correspondent seeing combat against him,
设法加入马拉根德野战部队作为记者看到与他作战，
erm and rebels,
呃和反叛者，
which he reported on in the British Daily Telegraph.
他在英国每日电讯报中报道了这一点。
and after leaving the conflict church who wrote a book of his experiences gaining positive reviews,
离开冲突教会后，他写了一本关于他的经历的书，得到了 积极的评价，
then using his greater notoriety,
然后用他更大的名声，
he managed,
他管理了，
after returning home,
回到家后
to gain a place on Herbert kitchen,
在赫伯特厨房获得一席之地
his expedition,
他的远征，
to take on the self-proclaimed Mahdi who had started an Islamist uprising in the Sudan Kitchener's army,
接受在苏丹基奇纳军队开始伊斯兰起义的自称马赫迪，
traveled down the Nile and defeated the Mahdi successor Abdullah.
沿着尼罗河旅行并击败了马赫迪的继任者阿卜杜拉。
I have been Muhammad at the Battle of underman,
在曼彻斯特大战中，我一直是穆罕默德，
but Winston,
但温斯顿，
a few days after the battle was involved in a cavalry charge against the remnants of the Mahdi's force.
战斗结束后几天，他们参加了对马赫迪部队残余部队的骑 兵指挥。
afterwards,
然后，
Churchill wrote his account of the conflict entitled the river war in which he criticized kitcheners handling of the campaign.
丘吉尔写下了他对冲突的描述，题为河流战争，他批评了 厨房处理这项运动。
then,
然后，
after returning home Winston sailed to South Africa to take part in the Boer War and after being involved in several engagements,
返回家园后，温斯顿号航行到南非参加布尔战争，并参与 了多次交战，
was captured by the Boers.
被布尔人捕获。
but then escaped climbing over the perimeter fence surrounding the prison camp and after being sheltered by sympathetic,
但后来逃过了越过监狱营地周围的围栏，并在受到同情心 的庇护之后，
locals mashed,
当地人捣碎，
to sneak aboard a freight train heading to neutral Portuguese East Africa.
乘坐前往中立葡萄牙东非的货运列车。
this attracted much attention within the British press as the Boers had started a large-scale manhunt for him,
这引起了英国媒体的极大关注，因为布尔斯开始对他进行 大规模的搜捕，
so his successful escape was seen as a propaganda victory by the British.
所以他的成功逃脱被视为英国的宣传胜利。
however,
然而，
instead of signing home and reaping the benefits of his newly found acclaim,
而不是签约回家并从他新获得的好评中获益，
Churchill sailed to Durban and was appointed lieutenant in the South African Light Horse.
丘吉尔航行到德班，并被任命为南非轻马的中尉。
joining Redford Bullas attempt to relieve the siege of Ladysmith,
加入Redford Bullas试图解除对Lady smith的围困，
a town in the town region of South Africa.
南非城镇的一个小镇。
the town had been under siege by a force of 20,000 Boers for over three months and supplies were getting scarce,
这个小镇遭到了2万名布尔人的围困，持续了三个多月， 供应越来越稀缺，
the troops being forced to survive largely in horses and oxen.
部队被迫在马和牛中生存。
finally,
最后，
after repeated attempts to break the boys stranglehold of the town,
经过反复试图打破男孩们对镇的束缚，
but as force broke through the Boer lines and relieved Ladysmith on the 27th of February 1900 being amongst the first troops to enter the town,
但随着部队在1900年2月27日成为第一批进入该镇 的部队之一，波力突破布尔线并解除了莱迪史密斯的力量 ，
his actions in the conflict and the praise and publicity he received for her would help him later to secure what he really wanted to do,
他在冲突中所采取的行动以及他所获得的赞扬和宣传将有 助于他后来确保他真正想要做的事情，
which was to emulate his father and take a seat in the British Parliament.
这是模仿他的父亲并在英国议会中占据一席之地。
after standing for office in 1900,
1900年上任后，
in the constituency of Oldham,
在奥尔德姆的选区，
Greater Manchester Churchill won.
大曼彻斯特丘吉尔获胜。
but after making various controversial speeches attacking the government over the next four years,
但在接下来的四年里，在发表各种有争议的演讲之后，
wisdom decided to cross the floor joining the Liberal Party.
智慧决定加入自由党。
but after des election in Oldham he needed a new constituency and once in 1906 elected as Member of Parliament for Manchester Northwest.
但在奥尔德姆选举后，他需要一个新的选区，并在190 6年当选为曼彻斯特西北地区议员。
instead,
代替，
in 1908,
在1908年，
Winston married Clementine hozier will play a crucial role,
温斯顿与Clementine hozier结婚将发 挥至关重要的作用，
his success in life supporting and advising him throughout the coming decades.
他在未来几十年里的生活成功支持和建议他。
indeed,
确实，
of our Clementine,
我们的克莱门汀，
it's doubtful Winston would have been able to achieve the things he did or recover from his regular bouts of depression,
令人怀疑的是，温斯顿能否实现他所做的事情或从他经常 性的抑郁症中恢复过来，
which he referred to as his black dog in 1910.
他在1910年称他为黑狗。
Winston must.
温斯顿必须。
a relatively young was appointed to be Home Secretary and attracted controversy on various incidents such as the cambrian collar II dispute,
一位相对年轻的人被任命为内政大臣，并就诸如坎布里亚 二号争端等各种事件引起争议，
his opposition to the suffragette movement and the infamous siege of Sydney Street,
他反对女权主义运动和臭名昭着的悉尼街围攻，
in which two Latvian revolutionaries were cornered.
其中两名拉脱维亚革命者走投无路。
after committing a spate of robberies and murders within London,
在伦敦境内发生一系列抢劫和谋杀事件后，
Churchill personally took control of the incident and directed operations on the ground,
丘吉尔亲自控制了事件并指挥了当地的行动，
which drew much criticism in the press and in Parliament in 1911,
这在1911年引起了媒体和议会的批评，
Churchill was appointed to be First Lord of the Admiralty,
丘吉尔被任命为海军部的第一任主，
putting him in charge of the raw Navy,
让他掌管原始海军，
then the most powerful Navy on earth the decade before World War,
那么世界大战前十年世界上最强大的海军，
one had seen Britain and Germany in a naval,
一个人看过英国和德国的海军，
arms race and Winston oversaw the construction of a number of new battleships,
军备竞赛和温斯顿监督建造一些新的战列舰，
including the queen elizabeth-class,
包括伊丽莎白女王班，
which were faster and more powerfully.
这更快，更有力。
armed than any other Royal Navy ship at the time after the outbreak of World War,
在第二次世界大战爆发后，武装比任何其他皇家海军舰艇 都要强，
one Winston was instrumental in the development of the tank,
一个温斯顿在坦克的发展中发挥了重要作用，
which would prove crucial and breaking the stalemate in the Western Front in the later stages of the conflict.
这将证明是至关重要的，并在冲突的后期阶段打破了西线 的僵局。
but after the Allied attempt to knock Turkey out of the war by seizing controls at the Dardanelles failed,
但是在盟军试图通过夺取达达尼尔海峡的控制权而将土耳 其赶出战争之后，
Winston was demoted from the apple T,
温斯顿从苹果T降级，
largely being blamed for the expedition's defeat and the massive loss of life.
很大程度上被指责为远征队的失败和大规模的生命损失。
what resulted then,
结果是什么，
in an effort to restore his reputation?
为了恢复他的声誉？
Church will rejoin the army and was posted to the Western Front,
教会将重新加入军队并被派往西线，
serving as a major in the Grenadier Guards and as a left tenant colonel in the Royal Scots Fusiliers seeing combat regularly.
作为手榴弹兵卫队的主要人员和皇家苏格兰人Fusil iers的左租户上校定期看战。
he was much respected by the troops under his command and a more on one occasion came up in inches of being killed.
在他的指挥下，他受到了很多人的尊重，一次又一次被杀 死了。
he returned to Parliament and for the remainder of the war held important positions within the coalition government,
他回到议会，并在战争的剩余时间里在联合政府内担任重 要职务，
including minister of munitions,
包括弹药部长，
Secretary of State for war and the Secretary of State for air after the conflict.
冲突后国务卿和国务卿为空中国务卿。
whilst at the War Office,
在战争办公室，
he was instrumental in the failed attempt to intervene in the Russian civil war against the Bolsheviks and after being appointed a sexual estate for the colonies in 1921,
他在参与俄罗斯反对布尔什维克内战的失败尝试以及在1 921年被任命为殖民地的性地产之后起了作用，
he was involved in the instigation of the anglo-irish treaty making southern ireland an independent nation Churchill had by this time began to reassociate himself with the Conservative Party and after winning a seat in parliament for the constituency of Epping in Essex.
他参与了爱尔兰条约的煽动，使南爱尔兰成为一个独立的 国家，丘吉尔此时开始与保守党重新建立联系，并在埃塞 克斯的Epping选区赢得议会席位。
he rejoined the Conservatives.
他重新加入了保守党。
he was straightaway rewarded by being appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1924.
1924年被任命为财政大臣，他获得了直接的奖励。
another pivotal role in taking Britain back into the gold standard.
英国重返黄金标准的另一个关键作用。
this was a form of account that fixed the price of money to that of the gold supply and Churchill later admitted.
这是一种将金钱价格固定在黄金供应量上的账户形式，丘 吉尔后来承认。
but it was a mistake,
但这是一个错误，
as public spending was limited to the gold supply meaning before in the Great Depression,
由于公共支出仅限于大萧条之前的黄金供应意义，
governments had restricted cash flow to stop banks from collapsing and to stimulate their economies.
政府限制现金流以阻止银行倒闭并刺激经济。
indeed,
确实，
it must be said that Churchill was an unpopular figure in many ordinary people's eyes at the time many people hated him stating for he was a war monger and for his decision to rejoin the gold standard had made many ordinary people's lives a lot harder during the Depression,
必须要说的是丘吉尔在很多普通人的眼中都是一个不受欢 迎的人物，当时很多人都讨厌他说他是一个战争贩子，而 且他决定重新加入黄金标准让很多普通人的生活在大萧条 时期变得更加艰难。 ，
the 1929 general election ended in defeat for the Conservatives and Churchill's opposition's at Indian home rule,
1929年的大选以保守党和丘吉尔在印第安人统治下的 反对派的失败告终，
resulted in him being largely sidelined within the party.
导致他在党内基本上被排除在外。
this led to the decade-long wilderness years,
这导致了十年的荒野岁月，
in which Churchill retreated from politics and focused on painting and writing.
其中丘吉尔退出政治，专注于绘画和写作。
this culminated and him writing a biography of his ancestor John Churchill,
这达到高潮，他写了他的祖先约翰丘吉尔的传记，
the first Duke of Marlborough,
马尔堡第一任公爵，
who had defeated louis xiv of france during various battles such as Blenheim.
曾在布伦海姆等各种战役中击败过法国的路易十四。
during the War of the Spanish Succession,
在西班牙王位继承战争期间，
the war had started when the then king of Spain had died,
当时的西班牙国王去世，战争开始了，
leaving no heir and,
没有继承人，
on his deathbed,
在临终前，
had bequeathed the throne of Spain to Louie the fourteenth grandson Philip of Anjou,
将西班牙王位遗赠给安茹的十四孙子菲利的路易，
effectively,
有效，
meaning that France,
意思是法国，
which already had substantial colonies in North America and the Caribbean would have effective control over Spain's,
在北美和加勒比地区已有大量殖民地，可以有效控制西班 牙的，
their massive South and Central American empire,
他们庞大的南美洲和中美洲帝国，
then the largest in the world.
那么是世界上最大的。
this would have made France the world's only superpower at the time and would given them the manpower and the resources to then dominate and subjugate the continent.
这将使法国成为当时世界上唯一的超级大国，并将给予他 们人力和资源，从而支配和征服非洲大陆。
the grand alliance was then formed consisting of various countries,
那时由各个国家组成的大联盟，
including Britain,
包括英国，
Austria,
奥地利，
the Dutch Republic and the Holy Roman Empire.
荷兰共和国和神圣罗马帝国。
warfare at the time was largely dominated by sieges,
当时的战争主要由围攻主导，
with armies rarely meeting in the field to take part in pitched battles.
军队很少在野外见面参加激烈的战斗。
the Duke of Marlborough broke with this convention,
马尔伯勒公爵打破了这个大会，
leading a brilliant campaign across Central Europe,
在中欧领导一场精彩的活动，
dividing the French from their Bavarian allies and defeating both separately,
将法国人与他们的巴伐利亚盟友分开并分别击败他们，
culminating in his brilliant victory at Blenheim,
最终在布伦海姆取得了辉煌的胜利，
in which his force of 50,000 attacked and defeated.
他的5万人的力量遭到攻击和击败。
the main French army of over 56,000 inflicting 38,000 casualties and only suffering 12,000 in comparison,
法国主要军队超过56,000人，造成38,000人 伤亡，相比之下只有12,000人受伤，
this ended French ambitions to dominate the continent,
这结束了法国在大陆上占主导地位的野心，
and the war ended with Philip of Spain agreeing to renounce his claim.
战争结束时，西班牙的菲利普同意放弃他的主张。
the French front,
法国前线，
meaning with France and Spain,
与法国和西班牙有关，
would never be United.
永远不会是曼联。
more Barrabas,
更多Barrabas，
then hailed as a hero for our Europe and Winston's birthplace of Blenheim Palace was built for him as a gift by a grateful nation.
然后被誉为我们欧洲的英雄，温斯顿的布伦海姆宫的诞生 地是为他建造的，是一个感恩国家的礼物。
the first Duke of Marlborough is largely in sadly forgotten in Britain today,
马尔堡第一任公爵今天在英国被遗忘，
but it should be remembered that Louie,
但是应该记住路易，
the 14th was a tyrant comparable with Napoleon,
第14位是与拿破仑相当的暴君，
and his defeat should be held with the same importance.
他的失败应该具有同样的重要性。
my own personal belief is that Marlborough was and is still Britain's greatest ever army commander,
我个人的信念是，马尔伯勒曾经是并且仍然是英国有史以 来最伟大的军队指挥官，
surpassing even Wellington.
甚至超过惠灵顿。
indeed,
确实，
Winston was a great expert on more breh and there's an increasing body of opinion,
温斯顿是一位伟大的专家，他的意见越来越强烈，
which states with Churchill's excellent grasp of history,
这表明丘吉尔对历史的卓越把握，
enabled him to see the parallels between louis xiv and hitler,
让他看到路易十四和希特勒之间的相似之处，
which in part may explain how he realized and understood the threat of Nazi Germany,
这在一定程度上可以解释他如何实现和理解纳粹德国的威 胁，
before nearly anybody else did by this time in the 1930s Adolphe Hitler was now Chancellor of Germany and was rearming.
在20世纪30年代几乎所有人都做过之前，阿道夫希特 勒现在是德国总理并且正在重新武装。
the country Churchill saw this as a threat to the Peace of Europe and began to make speeches and write articles warned of the possible danger.
丘吉尔认为这是对欧洲和平的威胁，并开始发表演讲并撰 写文章，警告可能存在危险。
Ralph Wigram,
拉尔夫威格拉姆，
an official in the Foreign Office,
外交部官员，
had been passing intelligence on Germany's rearmament to Churchill,
将德国重新武装的情报传递给丘吉尔，
as many people were.
和很多人一样。
this gave his speeches and columns a lot more white,
这使他的演讲和专栏更白了，
forcing Stanley Baldwin's government to take notice.
迫使Stanley Baldwin政府注意到。
in doing this,
这样做，
however,
然而，
Wigram was taking a massive risk and he died in late 1936.
威格拉姆冒着巨大的风险，于1936年末去世。
it was suspected that he committed suicide,
有人怀疑他自杀了
possibly as a resolve.
可能是一种决心。
the pressure he was under,
他所承受的压力，
although his cause of death is not 100 percent.
虽然他的死因不是100％。
certain Churchill was until this time largely ignored as many people throughout the country and the world did not want to contemplate the possibility of another European conflict.
直到这个时候丘吉尔才被忽视，因为全国各地和全世界的 许多人都不想考虑另一场欧洲冲突的可能性。
but later the British people and Parliament by the late 1930s was shaken out of their complacency,
但是后来英国人民和议会在20世纪30年代末被动摇了 ，
as it became evidence for Hitler was intent on aggressive expansion.
因为它成为希特勒打算积极扩张的证据。
two days after world war ii broke out,
第二次世界大战爆发后两天，
churchill was reappointed as first lord of the admiralty,
丘吉尔被重新任命为海军部的第一任领主，
but the game concerns over.
但游戏令人担忧。
his judgment were raised after his plans to stop iron ore shipments between Norway and Germany by raiding the port of Narvik in April 1940 resulted in failure.
他的判决是在他计划于1940年4月袭击纳尔维克港以 阻止挪威和德国之间的铁矿石运输之后提出的。
Germany then invaded Norway,
德国随后入侵挪威，
the very next day furthered dooming the operation on the 10th of May 1940.
第二天，我们在1940年5月10日开始了这次行动。
following the failed raid at Narvik,
在纳尔维克失败的袭击之后，
the British Prime Minister,
英国首相，
Neville Chamberlain resigned,
内维尔张伯伦辞职，
the choice of replacement was between Churchill,
更换的选择是在丘吉尔之间，
despite him being heavily involved in the Narvik operation and Lord Halifax,
尽管他积极参与纳尔维克行动和哈利法克斯勋爵，
who didn't want to be Prime Minister.
谁不想成为总理。
Churchill did,
丘吉尔做了，
however,
然而，
and shortly afterwards the recommendation was made to King George,
不久之后，向乔治国王提出了建议，
the 6th that Winston Churchill should become.
温斯顿丘吉尔应该成为第六位。
Prime Minister of Great Britain,
英国首相，
Winston was thrown right into the deep end from day one.
从第一天开始，温斯顿就被抛入了深渊。
the very same day became Prime Minister,
同一天成为总理，
Germany invaded Holland,
德国入侵荷兰，
Belgium and France resulting the military disaster,
比利时和法国造成军事灾难，
which was the fall of Western Europe leading to the Dunkirk evacuation.
这是导致敦刻尔克撤离的西欧沦陷。
Churchill was forced to resort to firefighting and trying to restrict the damage done and rally the nation he silenced.
丘吉尔被迫采取消防措施，试图限制所造成的损害，并集 结他沉默的国家。
the voices within the British government arguing for peace negotiations to begin with Germany and set about reorganizing the country's defenses over 300,000 troops have been rescued from Dunkirk,
英国政府内部呼吁与德国开始和平谈判，并着手重组该国 30多万军队防御的声音已从敦刻尔克手中救出，
meaning that Britain still had an army capable of putting up a fight in the event of a German invasion.
这意味着，如果德国入侵，英国仍然有一支能够进行战斗 的军队。
and later,
然后，
resisting the Italian and German incursion into North Africa.
抵制意大利和德国入侵北非。
during the Battle of Britain and the Blitz on London,
在英国战役和伦敦闪电战期间，
Churchill rallied the population with some of the most famous speeches and a broadcast helping.
丘吉尔通过一些最着名的演讲和广播帮助团结了人口。
the British people realize the gravity of the threat which now face them and strengthening their resolve in order to carry on the fight Britain was now alone and with its name,
英国人民意识到现在面临威胁的严重性，并加强他们的决 心，以便继续战斗英国现在独自一人并以其名义，
he scattered throughout the world.
他散落在世界各地。
an imperial Japan,
一个帝国的日本，
threatening expansion of its own things were getting desperate.
威胁扩张自己的事情变得越来越绝望。
being half American Churchill was on good relations with many people within the United States and in particular with America's President Franklin D,
半个美国丘吉尔与美国境内的许多人，特别是与美国总统 富兰克林D的良好关系，
Roosevelt,
罗斯福，
the two shared a love of the Navy and often exchanged correspondence and gifts,
两人分享了对海军的热爱，经常交换信件和礼物，
including Winston,
包括温斯顿，
giving Roosevelt a signed copy of his biography of the Duke of Marlborough,
给罗斯福一份签名的马尔伯勒公爵传记，
their relationship was perhaps one of the most important factors in the eventual defeat of the Axis powers,
他们的关系可能是最终击败轴心国的最重要因素之一，
but who could not hope to defeat Germany,
但谁也不希望打败德国，
Japan and Italy alone,
仅日本和意大利，
and desperately needed help and supplies,
迫切需要帮助和用品，
despite many within the United States,
尽管在美国很多，
particularly those of Irish descent,
特别是爱尔兰血统的人，
understandably hating the British reservoir agreed to assist Britain and lend-lease was born.
可以理解地讨厌英国水库同意协助英国和租借出生。
this was a program of aid in which the United States supplied Britain,
这是美国向英国提供的援助计划，
France,
法国，
China and later the Soviet Union with food and war materials in return.
中国和后来的苏联用食物和战争物资作为回报。
the countries involved gave the United States gold money and access to naval bases throughout the globe.
有关国家向美国提供了金钱，并获得了全球海军基地的通 道。
this was crucial to keeping Britain in the conflict and move out it.
这对于让英国陷入冲突并将其解决至关重要。
it's almost certain the country would have had to make peace terms with the Axis powers.
几乎可以肯定的是，该国必须与轴心国拥有和平条款。
Churchill then committed forces to North Africa and shortly afterwards defeated the Italian invasion of Egypt,
丘吉尔随后向北非投入武力，不久之后击败意大利入侵埃 及，
prompting Hitler to send the Africa Corps under Rommel to intervene.
促使希特勒派遣在隆美尔下的非洲军团进行干预。
the resulting battle for North Africa was a close-run thing,
由此产生的北非战争是一场近距离战争，
a low point coming when the Germans under Rommel captured Tobruk in 1942 and threatened SAR overrun Egypt,
1942年，在隆美尔统治下的德国人占领了托布鲁克并 威胁特区超越埃及，
which would have almost certainly have not Britain out of the war as the Suez Canal was vital for the flow of supplies and Men between Europe and Britain's Eastern Empire,
因为苏伊士运河对于欧洲和英国的东方帝国之间的物资供 应至关重要，所以几乎可以肯定英国不会退出战争，
Churchill was also keen the formation of the world's first Special Forces units,
丘吉尔也热衷于组建世界上第一支特种部队，
the commandos and the SAS consisting of volunteers.
突击队员和由志愿者组成的SAS。
they were given better training and weaponry than regular troops,
他们获得比常规部队更好的训练和武器，
as well as being trained in survival and hand-to-hand combat the commandos were involved in various raids on the continent,
除了在生存和徒手搏斗方面接受过训练，突击队员还参与 了对该大陆的各种袭击，
including the brilliant Sanders air raid,
包括辉煌的桑德斯空袭，
in which the commandos rammed a destroyer into the only French docks capable of holding the massive German battleship,
突击队员将一艘驱逐舰撞向唯一能够装载大型德国战列舰 的法国码头，
the Tirpitz,
提尔皮茨，
a timed explosive,
定时炸药，
had been placed in the bow of the destroyer and shortly afterwards it exploded taking the dock with it.
已经被放置在驱逐舰的船头，不久之后，它随着船坞的爆 炸而爆炸。
the SAS,
SAS，
on the other hand,
另一方面，
had been formed in North Africa and conducted brilliant raids behind enemy lines.
已在北非成立，并在敌后进行了精彩的突袭。
in the desert,
在沙漠里，
destroying hundreds of German aircraft and various installations,
摧毁了数百架德国飞机和各种装置，
they caused havoc behind German lines and severely damaged their fighting capability.
他们对德国阵线造成了严重破坏，严重破坏了他们的战斗 能力。
certain high-ranking generals were against the use of Special Forces at the time,
某些高级将领当时反对使用特种部队，
but Churchill overruled them seeing their potential to cause havoc as crucial to the war effort.
但丘吉尔否决了他们看到他们对战争造成严重破坏的可能 性。
fighting the Atlantic convoys between America and Britain,
打击美国和英国之间的大西洋车队，
as well as the battle for North Africa,
以及对北非的战斗，
severely depleted Germany's resources,
严重耗尽德国的资源，
which it would no doubt have otherwise committed to the Russian invasion,
毫无疑问，它会对俄罗斯的入侵产生其他影响，
very,
非常，
possibly resulting in the country's defeat.
可能导致该国的失败。
indeed,
确实，
Hitler declaring war on Russia and America can be seen in many ways as the point where the war was decided,
希特勒宣战对俄罗斯和美国的战争在很多方面都可以看作 战争决定的地方，
as Germany could not hope to out produce an out fight,
因为德国不可能出来打出一场战斗，
but the United States,
但美国，
Britain and Russia in terms of food supplies and manpower.
英国和俄罗斯在粮食供应和人力方面。
the tide had turned Germany in Japan's lack of resources and their increasingly overstretched industry resulted in a long process of retreat and defeat for them.
由于日本缺乏资源，这一趋势已经使德国变得越来越倾向 ，而他们日益过度紧张的行业导致了他们长期退却和失败 的过程。
this was put beyond doubt with the effective collapse of German resistance in Russia in 1943 onwards and the invasion of Italy.
对于1943年以来德国抵抗俄罗斯的有效崩溃以及对意 大利的入侵，这是毫无疑问的。
the same year,
同年，
along with the Americans,
和美国人一起
gradually taking back all the Japanese territorial gains in the Pacific,
逐渐收回日本在太平洋的所有领土收益，
even though the British were now the minor partners with the Americans and Russians.
尽管英国人现在是美国人和俄罗斯人的小伙伴。
understandably,
可以理解，
taking center stage,
占据中心舞台，
Churchill played a crucial role in keeping Britain in the war forging effective alliance with both the Americans and the Soviet Union and helping the Soviets with convoys of supplies during the darkest days of the German invasion.
丘吉尔在保持英国与美国和苏联建立有效联盟的战争中发 挥了至关重要的作用，并在德国入侵最黑暗的日子里帮助 苏联队提供物资。
indeed,
确实，
the story of Great Britain during World War,
第二次世界大战期间英国的故事，
two was one of surviving the onslaught until the emerging superpowers of America and the Soviet Union were brought into the conflict.
在美国和苏联的新兴超级大国陷入冲突之前，两个是幸存 的冲击。
indeed,
确实，
Churchill was probably the only person within the British Parliament who had the guts intelligence,
丘吉尔可能是英国议会中唯一有胆量智慧的人，
steel and energy to lead Britain to survival.
钢铁和能源引领英国生存。
church's relationship was startling,
教会的关系令人吃惊，
although firing and dispersed with heated arguments was one of me to respect,
虽然以激烈的争吵开火和分散是我尊重的一个，
even though they never really trusted each other Stanley has long pressured the British to start a second front in Europe to relieve the strain in the Soviet Union,
尽管他们从未真正相互信任，但斯坦利长期以来一直向英 国施加压力，要求他们在欧洲开始第二次战线，以缓解苏 联的压力，
but about American help,
但关于美国的帮助，
Britain simply did not have the manpower or resources to undertake an amphibious landing on the continent.
英国根本没有人力或资源在该大陆上进行两栖登陆。
Church had long advocated the use of the invasion of Italy to start the second front,
教会长期以来一直主张利用入侵意大利开始第二战线，
but the Americans were in favor of taking a more direct route through France.
但美国人赞成通过法国更直接的路线。
indeed,
确实，
given the hilly terrain of Italy,
考虑到意大利的丘陵地形，
which naturally favored the defense,
这自然有利于防守，
it has to be said,
不得不说，
but choosing France as the main focus of attack by the Western Allies,
但选择法国作为西方同盟国攻击的主要焦点，
was the correct one.
是正确的。
as the invasion of Italy turned out to be a slow and bloody conflict which resulted a disproportionate losses to the territorial gains,
由于意大利的入侵被证明是一场缓慢而血腥的冲突，导致 领土收益遭受不成比例的损失，
the Allies made one of the main ways the British had been able to carry the war to the Germans had been bombing and by the late stages of the war,
盟军是英国能够向德国人进行战争的主要方式之一，一直 是轰炸，而且是战争的后期阶段，
the British and Americans had accumulated a massive bombing force,
英国人和美国人积累了巨大的轰炸力量，
consisting mainly of Lancaster's in the American Flying Fortress.
主要由美国飞行堡垒中的兰卡斯特组成。
the British had decided earlier in the conflict to conduct a night bombing which was safer for bomber crews,
英国人早些时候在冲突中决定进行夜间轰炸，这对轰炸机 机组来说更安全，
but resulted in less accuracy can.
但导致准确性降低。
after the Blitz,
突击之后，
it became British policy to target German cities and,
英国的政策是以德国城市为目标，
with the ever increasing air supremacy,
随着空气不断增加，
the Allies enjoyed with the Americans bombing Germany by day and the British by night it wasn't long before many German cities were reduced to rubble.
盟军在白天轰炸德国和白夜轰炸英国的过程中很享受，不 久之后许多德国城市被沦为瓦砾。
the greatest example of this was the bombing of Dresden,
最好的例子是对德累斯顿的轰炸，
in which 20,000 people were killed.
其中有2万人遇难。
many people after the war stated this as a war crime and blamed Churchill,
战争结束后，许多人将此视为战争罪并归咎于丘吉尔，
as he was ultimately responsible.
因为他最终负责。
the buying of civilians was reviewed after Dresden and the episode still remains hotly debated today.
在德累斯顿之后对平民的购买进行了审查，这一集仍然在 今天仍然激烈辩论。
there can be no doubt,
毫无疑问，
however,
然而，
but the Allied bombing did have a considerable effect on weakening Germany's war industry,
但盟军的轰炸确实对弱化德国的战争产业产生了相当大的 影响，
although it's difficult to defend the bombing of civilians.
虽然很难捍卫对平民的轰炸。
however,
然而，
many British people who lived through the war have no sympathy with the Germans stating they did the same to Britain during the Blitz Music.
许多经历过战争的英国人对德国人没有同情，他们说他们 在闪电战音乐会期间对英国做过同样的事情。
after the victory in 1945,
1945年胜利后，
Churchill was voted out of office despite him leading the country to victory,
尽管丘吉尔领导国家取得胜利，但他还是被选中了，
but refused to be bitter about it,
但拒绝为此苦涩，
stating with the British people and in a very hard time.
在很困难的时候与英国人民交谈。
in the following years,
在接下来的几年里，
Churchill was instrumental in the genesis of the early European Union thinking it's essential in preventing future conflict and regularly gave speeches warning of the threat of the Soviet Union and the Iron Curtain,
丘吉尔在早期欧盟的起源中发挥了重要作用，认为它对预 防未来冲突至关重要，并经常发表讲话，警告苏联和铁幕 的威胁，
which now stretched across Europe.
现在横跨整个欧洲。
he continued as leader of the Conservatives and after winning the 1951 general election became Prime Minister for a second time.
他继续担任保守党领袖，并在赢得1951年大选后第二 次成为总理。
he was the first Prime Minister of Queen Elizabeth,
他是伊丽莎白女王的第一任总理，
the second reign and was a gardening influence for her in her early years of being monarch.
第二个统治时期，在她成为君主的早年，这对她来说是一 种园艺影响。
his second tenure as Prime Minister was largely dominated by struggling to deal with Britain's reducing role in the world and its withdrawal from Empire,
他作为总理的第二任期主要是通过努力应对英国在世界上 的减少角色以及退出帝国，
mainly down to its near exhausted and massively indebted economy which struggled to recover.
主要是靠近其疲惫不堪的大规模负债经济，而这些经济正 在努力复苏。
for another 30 years.
再过30年。
Winston suffered various heart attacks and strokes during his lifetime.
温斯顿在他的一生中遭受了各种心脏病和中风。
as early as 1941,
早在1941年，
he suffered a heart attack while visiting the White House and suffered another two years later after getting over a bout of pneumonia.
他在访问白宫时心脏病发作，两年后又因为一次肺炎而再 次受伤。
these were probably caused both by his hectic lifestyle and his love of the finer things in life.
这些可能是由于他忙碌的生活方式和他对生活中更美好事 物的热爱所致。
he discovered Cuban cigars when he went to the country in the 1890s as an observer during the Cuban war for independence.
他在19世纪90年代作为观察员在古巴独立战争期间前 往该国时发现了古巴雪茄。
he also enjoyed alcohol,
他也喜欢喝酒，
particularly enjoying champagne,
特别喜欢香槟，
brandy and sherry,
白兰地和雪利酒，
often out drinking visitors of dinners.
经常外出喝酒的游客。
on one occasion on visiting Moscow in August 1942,
有一次是在1942年8月访问莫斯科，
Stalin and Churchill had a six-hour eating and drinking binge in Stalin's private apartment.
斯大林和丘吉尔在斯大林的私人公寓里吃了6个小时的饮 食狂热。
the two talked for hours consuming more and more alcohol.
这两个人谈了几个小时消耗越来越多的酒精。
talking about the war in general and history start at one point suggested for the Duke of Wellington was more talented than the Duke of Marlborough,
谈论一般的战争和历史从惠灵顿公爵建议的一点开始比马 尔堡公爵更有才华，
which no doubts went down badly with Winston also a lover of fine food Winston regularly enjoyed cheese,
对于温斯顿来说，温斯顿经常享用奶酪，这对于温斯顿来 说也是毫无疑问的。
platters and curry.
拼盘和咖喱。
he was a son of his class and that the finer things in life indeed,
他是班上的儿子，生活中的美好事物，
given his diet,
鉴于他的饮食，
lifestyle and his many health complaints,
生活方式和他的许多健康问题，
it's a minor miracle.
这是一个小小的奇迹。
he lived as long as he did these caught up with him.
只要他把这些赶上了他，他就活着。
eventually,
最终，
however,
然而，
and in 1955 Winston suffered another stroke which left him bedridden and he shortly afterwards,
1955年，温斯顿再次中风，让他卧床不起，不久之后 ，
reluctantly resigned as Prime Minister now in retirement.
现在退休后不情愿地辞去首相的职务。
Winston now spent much of his time at his home in Chartwell in Kent,
温斯顿现在大部分时间都在他位于肯特郡Chartwe ll的家中度过，
with his wife Clementine,
和他的妻子克莱门汀，
who had been with him through thick and thin since 1908.
自1908年以来一直和他在一起的人。
he spent his time,
他花了他的时间，
painting,
绘画，
writing and relaxing abroad loving the South of France in particular.
在国外写作和放松尤其爱法国南部。
however,
然而，
his health steadily declined,
他的健康状况稳步下降，
and on the morning of the 24th of January 1965,
并于1965年1月24日上午，
after suffering another severe stroke,
在遭受另一次严重中风后，
Sir Winston Churchill passed away,
温斯顿丘吉尔爵士去世了，
Britain and the entire Western world was left grieving his death and there was a widespread feeling that,
英国和整个西方世界都为他的死而悲伤，人们普遍认为，
with his passing,
随着他的过去，
an era had come to an end,
一个时代已经结束，
he was given the great honor of a state funeral before which his lead-lined oak coffin was taken up the Thames by boat.
他获得了国家葬礼的巨大荣誉，在此之前，他的铅衬橡木 棺材被船上的泰晤士河带走。
passing the London Docks where cranes were lowered in his honor before being taken to some polls through streets lined with tens of thousands of grieving people.
经过伦敦码头，那里的起重机被降下来，然后被带到数万 名悲伤的人们的街道进行一些民意调查。
he was then taken by train from London and laid to rest into Churchill.
然后他乘坐火车从伦敦出发，并安息入丘吉尔。
family cemetery in the churches of Martins.
在马丁斯教堂的家庭墓地。
in the village of Bladen,
在布拉登村，
near Woodstock,
靠近伍德斯托克，
Oxfordshire,
牛津郡，
not far from where he was born,
离他出生的地方不远，
Blenheim Palace,
布莱尼姆宫，
I feel,
我觉得，
is often forgotten or ignored.
经常被遗忘或被忽视。
but if president capitulated to Germany in 1914,
但如果总统在1914年投降德国，
there would have been no d-day,
没有d日，
no lend-lease,
没有租借，
no North Africa and no Russian convoys from Britain to the Soviet Union.
没有北非，也没有从英国到苏联的俄罗斯车队。
this would have inevitably meant that Germany would have IVA crushed the Soviet Union and dominated Europe,
这将不可避免地意味着德国将IVA粉碎苏联并统治欧洲 ，
while the Soviet Union would have defeated Germany and would had invaded Western Europe and possibly Britain after Germany's defeat.
虽然苏联将击败德国，并且在德国战败之后会入侵西欧甚 至英国。
in short,
简而言之，
although Britain could never have hoped to win World War two alone,
虽然英国永远不会希望单独赢得第二次世界大战，
the fact that it wasn't defeated enabled d-day to happen and meant that Western Europe was saved from Nazi or communist aggression after the conflict.
它没有被击败的事实使得d-day能够发生，并且意味 着在冲突之后西欧从纳粹或共产主义侵略中得救。
Winston Churchill was more than anyone responsible for this,
温斯顿丘吉尔比任何人都更负责任，
and without him,
没有他，
Western Europe,
西欧，
and maybe in the entire western world,
也许在整个西方世界，
would have fallen to communism or fascism.
会陷入共产主义或法西斯主义。
Sir Winston Churchill was today rightly regarded as one of Britain's greatest prime ministers,
温斯顿·丘吉尔爵士今天被正确地视为英国最伟大的总理 之一，
despite his faults and mistakes,
尽管他的错误和错误，
but of personal and professional.
但是个人和专业。
there is no doubt that without his resolve,
毫无疑问，没有他的决心，
bravery and fortitude victory over the Axis powers and in particular,
勇敢和坚韧战胜轴心国，特别是
Hitler would have been next to impossible.
希特勒几乎是不可能的。
so Winston has rightly revered and admired throughout the world today,
所以温斯顿今天在世界各地都受到尊敬和敬仰，
and his life is an inspiration to millions,
他的生活是数百万人的灵感，
including myself.
包括我自己。
I could not think of him without a great sense of pride and admiration with tears in my eyes,
没有一丝骄傲和钦佩我的眼泪，我无法想起他，
such as his effect on me.
比如他对我的影响。
I very much hope you enjoyed this video and I also hope you understand what I've had to admit.
我非常希望你喜欢这个视频，我也希望你能理解我必须承 认的内容。
many incidents in some Winston's life largely down to the fact that if I covered everything,
温斯顿的一些生活中的许多事件很大程度上取决于如果我 涵盖了一切，
this video would be three or four hours long.
这段视频将持续三到四个小时。
please,
请，
like comment share and subscribe to the people profiles next,
喜欢评论分享，然后订阅人物简介，
in my series,
在我的系列中，
we'll focus on the life of Joseph Stalin.
我们将专注于约瑟夫斯大林的生活。
thank you for watching you.
谢谢你收看你。