好的 让我们进行下一个话题 All right, let’s move on to the next one.
这是工程设计中的一个基本概念 It’s a very fundamental concept in engineering design,
在第一节课中我曾讲过 and in the very first lecture I talked about
工程设计的角色是什么 what is the role of engineering design,
工程设计的焦点是什么 what is the focus of engineering design.
我曾重点强调过焦点的作用 At that time, I emphasized the focus’s function.
好的 什么是功能 Ok, now what is the Function?
让我们来看几个例子吧 Let’s go through some of the examples.
我把第一个例子的图片放在这 So first example I put it there in pictures
方便你们观看 so you probably be able to see it.
这是一个螺丝刀 It’s a screw driver.
如果我要问你 螺丝刀的功能是什么 Now when I ask you what is the function of a screw driver,
你可能会说 它有很多功能 you may say: oh there's a lot of functions,
你可以用它做这个 做那个 you can use it for this, for that.
但在这里我们讨论的是预期功能 But what we are talking about is intended function. Ok?
螺丝刀的预期功能是装卸螺丝 Intended function of a screw driver is to insert or remove screws.
我们经常说上螺丝 你可以上松 上紧 Sometimes we just say drive screws, you can drive inside, you can drive out.
而这就是我们通常谈论功能的方式 So these are the ways we talk about function.
关于这点还有一个例子 就是自行车把手 And there’s another example is called bicycle handler.
如果你要骑车 You ride a bike,
一般要握着把手才能骑走它 you basically hold the handler then you try to go around.
那么自行车把手的作用是什么呢 Now, what’s the function of a bicycle handler?
你会说 它可以用来改变方向 You say: well, it’s used to change directions.
非常准确 它可以用来改变轮子的方向 Yes, precisely. It’s to turn your wheel,
尤其是前轮 通常我们不会转动后轮 especially front wheel, you normally don’t turn your rear wheel
但是也有可能 although that may happen.
另外 还有一个功能也非常重要 And also, there’s another function which is also very important.
虽然它排在第二 但确实重要 In addition, although it is secondary, but it is important.
它要用来支持骑车人的重量 It’s to support the riders weight.
这一重量主要是身体重量 Rider has especially the body weight.
所以支持身体或体重 是另一个重要的功能 So support body, or support body weight is another very important function.
还有许多例子 我们接着来说 Now there could be more, just keep going.
其他东西 例如订书机 There can be other things. Stapler.
你有时用它把纸钉在一起 Sometimes you use stapler to put papers together.
那么订书机的功能是什么呢 钉纸成册 What is the function of a stapler? Bind paper together.
装订纸就是它的功能 Ok, that is the function. Bind papers together.
我们还有别的例子 And we can have more.
车 现在大家的车各种各样 In a car, now you have different cars,
大多数车都有发动机 and most cars have engines.
这些发动机一般叫做内燃机 或缩写为ICE And usually those engines are called Internal Combustion Engine or simply Ice Engine.
那么内燃机的目的 功能是什么呢 So what is the purpose, what is the function of Ice Engine?
你会说 发动车子 实际上不是这样的 You say: drive a car, actually it’s not.
你可以这样说 但是不够准确 I mean you can say that, but it’s not accurate enough.
准确的解释是将储存在燃料里的化学能 Accurate definition of that is really to convert chemical energy which is stored in fuel
转化为机械能 使你的车能够发动 into mechanical energy which can be applied to drive your car.
所以它就是能量转化器 So it’s not more than an energy converter.
将能量从一种形式转变成另一种形式 You covert energy from one form to another.
而另一方面 电池是系统或产品的一个组件 And battery, on the other hand, it’s a unique component of our system or product.
电池的功能是什么呢 What is the function of battery?
你会说 电池 储存能量 You say: battery, store energy.
是的 储存能量 Yes, store energy.
我们认为理解功能的含义 So we claim that understanding function
是工程设计的重中之重 is the key for engineering design.
所以我们要更深入地了解什么是功能 So we need to look into more depths about what is function.
在我们深入了解之前 先来看看这些描述 Now, just before we move forward, let’s look at those descriptions.
你可能看到了这些描述之间的共同之处 You probably see a commonality among all these descriptions.
是什么呢 看这些词 What is that? Look at the words. Ok?
装和卸 装卸螺丝 Now, insert and remove, insert or remove screw.
大家看到 装和卸都是动词 我们说的动词 You see insert and remove, they are verbs. What we call verb.
它们是动词 Ok. Those are the verbs.
螺丝是个物体 And screw is an object.
你看到共同点了吗 Do you see some commonality?
对 就是用一个动词和一个物体 Yes, so it is using one verb and an object
就可以描述一个功能 通常是这样 you can describe a function, which is normally true.
好的 转动车轮 Ok. Turn wheel.
转动是一个动词 对吗 车轮是物体 Turn is a verb, right? And wheel is an object.
我们继续来看 转化是动词 And if you keep going. Convert is a verb,
我们可以将化学能看作物体 chemical energy you somehow can treat it as an object.
这里有一个介词 There is a preposition.
稍后我们会介绍包含多个介词的复杂描述 Later on we are gonna introduce more complicated description with several
或1到2个介词 or one or two prepositions.
所以即使是电池 So even the battery,
也是由储存这个动词和能量这个物体组成 you see that store, energy is a verb and an object.
所以这样的动宾组合可以用来描述功能 So this combination of a verb and an object, they form a description of a function
十分方便 which is very convenient.