In 1999, the International Brain Surgery Association
named BMW "safe car of the year."
Arguments between couples
are an important aspect of interpersonal relationships.
Under the Occupational Safety and Health Act
(OSHA)
every employer is legally responsible
for providing a workplace
free of such hazards as excessive noise.
About 1 .8 million Americans have rheumatic heart disease,
an illness that usually strikes in childhood.
Demand for organs
outstrips the supply three to one.
Living donors account for approximately 1 7.5 %
of transplanted organs.
Employed Americans and their dependents
comprise 85% of the uninsured.
Ten million children under the age of 1 9
are uninsured in the U.S. today.
For general medical services,
insurance covers only 74% of the cost of doctors.
24% of our healthcare dollars
go to administration and marketing.
More than three in five uninsured children
live in two-parent working families.
Of all the 1 40.3 million workers
in America,
only 53.2% have employment-based health insurance.
African-Americans who constitute 1 2%
of the American population,
make up more than 50% of those on kidney transplant waiting lists
but they receive less than 20%
of all kidney transplanted.
According to Webster's dictionary,
a hostage is "a person kept as a pledge
pending the fulfillment of an agreement."
During the Middle Ages,
the practice of taking hostages was used
to ensure fulfillment of treaty obligations
and was governed by a strict code of honor.
Research shows that gunshot-related deaths
are the second leading cause
of injury death in the U.S.
second only
to automobile-related deaths.
The specific field of hostage negotiation
was started in the early 1 070s
by Dr. Harvey Schlossberg (NYPD)
and Captain Frank Bolzs (NYPD).
lt is estimated that six million women
are assaulted by their male partners each year.
ln the U.S., a woman dies as a result of spousal abuse
every 6 hours.
lt is estimated that for every one death
associated with a firearm,
there are three non-fatal, gun-related injuries.
The Chief of Police can be identified
by the four stars on both shoulders of his uniform.
The Chief of Police directs the operation
and administration of the department.
ln 1 986, the Emergency Medical and Active Labor Act (EMTALA)
was enacted.
EMTALA contains rules
that virtually all hospitals in the U.S. must follow
regarding the provision of emergency medical service.
When a hospital Emergency Room denies medical screening of stabilizing,
or if it inappropriately transfers a patient
whose condition is not stable
it is in violation of the EMTALA.
lt is cheaper for hospitals to break the law and pay a fine
than to treat an uninsured patient.
Average price for full blonde wig - $1 00.
Average price for hair bleach and developer - $1 0.
ln over 95% of all cases involving hostage-takers,
negotiated resolutions have resulted
in the safe release of the hostages.
ln 1 973, four Swedes, who were held hostage in a bank vault for 6 days,
became attached to their captors.
This phenomenon became known as the Stockholm Syndrome.
Most hostage crisis incidents are resolved through negotiations
and not by tactical assault attempts.
Motor vehicle crashes account for more than 40%
of all mortalities among people in their late teens.
They cause more deaths of people aged 1 -75
than any other injury-producing event.
The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS)
manages the national transplant waiting list.
Organ-sharing policies forbid favoritism
based upon political influence, race, gender,
financial or social status.
Sharing is based solely upon medical and scientific criteria.
Only 20% of the 20,000 to 25,000 people pronounced brain dead
in the U.S. each year
became organ donors.
Because the victim is in constant danger
while being held hostage
authorities are legally and morally obligated
to secure the hostage's release
at the earliest opportunity.
One variable complicating the management of hostage situations
is media involvement.
Media complication may take several forms,
including demands by the hostage-taker
to speak to the media,
deliberate or accidental intrusion
of the media crews at the crime scene,
negative coverage of law enforcement management
of a situation,
and direct contact of the subject with the media
via non-secure phone lines.
Chris Cormier is a championship winning bodybuilder
who goes by the nickname "the Real Deal."
Hostage rescue interventions can generally be broken down
into five phases:
planning, rehearsal, movement,
assault and withdrawal.
A missed opportunity in the assault phase
only subjects the victims to continual danger
and potential death.
Only 52% of those who approve of donating an organ
tell their families.
The organ shortage has intensified
due to a decline in recent years of highway deaths.
This is thanks partly to laws requiring seat belts, airbags and motorcycle helmets
and tougher enforcement
of drunk driving laws.
As of 2002, there are 4, 143 people
on the heart transplant waiting list.
2,1 98 heart transplants
were performed in 2000.
Relatives of parents in need of organ transplants
often feel pressure and obligation
to donate their organs to their ailing relative.
60% of hostage takers
verbalize their intent
to commit suicide.
An estimated 1 0,000 to 1 4,000 people who die each year
meet the criterion
for organ donation
but less than half become donors.
Every day, 9 to 1 0 people die waiting
for a transplant of a vital organ.
More than 48,000 patients in the U.S.
are currently waiting for an organ transplant.
More than 2,000 new patients
are added to the list each month.
Organ transplant recipients are selected
on the basis of medical urgency
as well as compatibility of body size
and blood chemistries.
Organ donors can range from newborn
to 65 years or more.
The Organ Recovery Coordinator stays in close contact
during the procurement procedure
with the transplant hospital
They inform them of the estimated time of return
with the needed organ.
Of approximately 32,000 emergency room deaths per year,
only 400 have the potential to become an organ donor.
67% of heart transplant recipients
do not experience organ rejection.
Researchers began experimenting
with organ transplantation on animals and humans
in the 1 8th century.
Criminals charged with aggravated kidnapping
are not granted the benefit of parole.
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