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[Events]
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Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:01.81,Default,,0,0,0,,听翻轴  Kaijor
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.81,0:00:05.28,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}这是一个很显然的难题\NObviously is quite a problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.52,0:00:08.55,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}你如何制作重水\NHow do you make D2O?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.55,0:00:13.15,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}因为氘在水会被稀释7000倍\NBecause normally the deuterium in the water is diluted by
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.15,0:00:17.60,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}这对化学家来说是很棒的稀释剂\Na factor of seven thousand(这句话可能有点问题), which for chemist is really pretty dilute.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.60,0:00:22.50,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}制取重水的最佳方法是电解法\NThe best way of making D2O is by a process called electrolysis.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.50,0:00:26.73,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}当你将电流通入水中制取氢气时\NWhen you pass a current through the water to make hydrogen
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.73,0:00:31.83,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}这个制取过程第一次被大规模采用是在挪威\Nthe process was first carried out on the large scale in Norway.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.83,0:00:35.83,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}在二战前\NJust before the second world war in Norway,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.83,0:00:38.23,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}挪威这个山脉连绵的国家\Nwhich is a very mountainous country,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.23,0:00:43.45,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}挪威人利用河流流成瀑布的水能发电\Nthey have a lot of cheap electricity from hydro power
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.45,0:00:45.82,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}获取了极其廉价的电\Nrivers going over waterfalls.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.82,0:00:50.20,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}他们因此而获得电 并且创造了经济意义\NSo they have electricity and it makes economic sense
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.20,0:00:54.37,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}他们通过电解水来制取氢气\Nto generate hydrogen to make them for making ammonia
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.37,0:00:57.53,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}进而制取氨气和化肥\Nand fertilizers by electrolyzing water.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.10,0:01:03.50,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}如果你电解水 你会发现水的电解速度\NAnd if you electrolyze water you find that the H2O
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.00,0:01:07.75,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}要比重水的电解速度稍微快一点\Nreact a little bit faster than the D2O.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.75,0:01:13.00,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}如果你继续电解更多的水\NSo if you go on electrolyzing more and more of water and
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.00,0:01:17.20,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}并且保持水的余量不变 然后在电解的几个步骤中\Nkeeping what's left and then doing several stages of
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.20,0:01:19.75,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}你会渐渐发现\Nelectrolysis you can gradually concentrate
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.75,0:01:23.85,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}最终得到越来越多的纯粹的重水\Nmore and more of the D2O to eventually
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.87,0:01:26.72,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}这个电解方法是在\Nit's nearly pure. This process was carried out
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.72,0:01:33.80,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}挪威中部的一个非常偏远的发电站进行的\Nin a fairly remote power station in central Norway
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.80,0:01:38.73,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}如今 在核科学发展的早期重水主要被用于\Nin an regional telemark now one of the main uses of D2O
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.73,0:01:46.32,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}制作核反应堆\Nin the early stages of nuclear science was for making nuclear reactors
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.32,0:01:49.90,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}在二战期间\Nnuclear piles and during the Second World War
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.90,0:01:54.98,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}英国和美国都被德国震慑\Nthe British and the Americans were terrified that Germany
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.98,0:02:00.59,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}德国当时占领了挪威 从而获取了重水\Nwho occupied Norway in those at that time might get hold of the D2O
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.59,0:02:05.47,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}并开始研究核能\Nand start nuclear research and in one of the best raids
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.47,0:02:09.20,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}在二战期间的一次最佳袭击\Nof the whole Second World War six Norwegians
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.21,0:02:15.96,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}6个挪威人摧毁了一个重水装置\Nattacked the power station destroyed the heavy-water apparatus
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.96,0:02:20.70,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}然后撤退了 这次袭击之所以如此成功\Nand retreated and the reason it was so successful is that
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.70,0:02:22.96,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}是因为无人伤亡\Nnobody was injured and nobody was killed.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.76,0:02:26.59,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}所以他们潜入了那个地方 引爆了发电站\NSo they got into the place blew it up
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.59,0:02:31.37,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}然后无人员伤亡撤离了\Nand escaped without anybody being injured. And in fact
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.37,0:02:34.72,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}实际上 德军的将军对此事进行调查\Nthe German General that investigated thought it was one of them
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.72,0:02:37.34,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}将军认为他们中有一个他没见过的出色的军人做的\Nas magnificent military feet he'd ever seen.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.34,0:02:42.58,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}另外一个版本就是说 德国人入侵挪威\NThere's another story that before the Germans invaded Norway
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.58,0:02:46.78,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}是为了让重水供应到嘎纳\Nthat the supply of heavy water to Cannes.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.78,0:02:51.92,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}只有几加仑被走私到英国 这说明了重水在当时是弥足珍贵\NA few gallons was smuggled out to the UK and it was so valuable
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.92,0:02:58.89,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}据说这些重水被运到美国之前\NIt is said that it was put under King George the six bed overnight
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.89,0:03:03.09,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}一直放在乔治六世的床底下过夜以确保安全\Nso it should be safe before it was then transported to America
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.09,0:03:04.23,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}真的吗\NIs that true?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.23,0:03:09.60,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}这只是一个传说 \NWell, this is the the legend and the story is that when it was flown to
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.60,0:03:11.97,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}据说重水是用无暖气的飞机运到美国的\NAmerica in an unheated plane
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.97,0:03:16.32,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}重水已经结冰了\Nthe water froze. So when the people took it off
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.32,0:03:20.81,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}据说当人们把重水拿出来时 容器是空的 重水附在了容器上面\Nit sounded as if the cans were empty and they got really wear it
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.81,0:03:24.33,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}当你加热重水时 重水融化了\Nbut then it warmed up and melted.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.66,0:03:33.70,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}重水的应用非常广泛 \ND2O has a number of applications, but it's real use is in a technique all
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.70,0:03:35.19,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}但是只有应用在核磁共振才能使它真正发挥作用\Nnuclear magnetic resonance.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.20,0:03:37.43,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}我们在视频中\NWe have shown it on our video about T
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.43,0:03:40.10,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}你们可以以此来分析分子\Nhow you can use it to analyze molecules
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.10,0:03:45.40,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}核磁共振对氢原子十分敏感\Nand nuclear magnetic resonance is very sensitive to hydrogen atoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.40,0:03:50.01,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}如果你想研究一些在水中溶解的分子\NSo if you want to study some sort of molecules dissolved in water
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.29,0:03:54.46,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}如果你利用氢原子在普通水中溶解\Nif you use ordinary water the hydrogen atoms in the water
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.46,0:03:56.10,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}你会发现反应很快\Nhave such a strong signal
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.10,0:03:59.20,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}那你根本研究不了溶解的分子\Nthat you can't study the dissolved molecules at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.29,0:04:05.42,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}因此 你应该用重水代替普通水 这样反应速率就会比较慢\NSo instead you use D2O which do not respond to the same
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.42,0:04:08.77,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}你还会获得很好的光谱图\Nfrequencies as the hydrogen and so you get a nice spectrum.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.77,0:04:11.77,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}我觉得正在收看本节目的观众有两个问题\NI think people watching will have two questions.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.15,0:04:14.97,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}重水的味道怎么样\Nwhat does heavy water tastes like?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.97,0:04:17.12,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}如果我喝了重水会发生什么\Nand what will happen to me if I think it
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.12,0:04:20.50,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}虽然我从未喝过\Nwell I've never tasted D2O?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.50,0:04:26.87,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}我猜重水的味道应该和普通水的味道差不多\NI suspect that it will taste really quite similar to H2O.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.87,0:04:28.70,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}虽然它的味道很难预测\NThough it's difficult to predict,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.70,0:04:32.00,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}因为有的时候 一些东西尝起来味道的差别很很大\Nbecause sometimes things taste quite different.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.00,0:04:34.21,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}水确实没有什么味道\NBut water doesn't really taste anyway.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.21,0:04:37.99,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}你通常会品尝盐水 或者其他东西溶解在水里\NYou usually tastes what's dissolved in the water salts or whatever
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.72,0:04:45.01,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}我需要强调一点 重水是有毒的\NThere is a strong body of opinion that D2O is quite poisonous
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.01,0:04:50.78,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}之所以有毒性 是因为在你的身体里面\Nand the reason why it's poisoners is because in your body
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.78,0:04:55.55,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}有各种各样的含有氢原子的分子\Nyou have all sorts of molecules that have hydrogen bonded
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.55,0:05:00.70,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}有一部分分子还有氧原子\Nparticularly to oxygen and the these bones break as part of the
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.70,0:05:03.31,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}随着你身体内发生的各种化学反应 对使你的骨骼破裂\Nvarious chemical processes in your body
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.31,0:05:08.13,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}氘和氧结合的反应\Ndeuterium oxygen bonds are slightly stronger
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.13,0:05:11.12,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}比氢氧结合的反应更加强烈 所以\Nthan hydrogen oxygen bombs. And therefore,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.12,0:05:16.41,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}如果你的身体由于氘氢结合而开始发生变化\Nif you start changing your body for the the chemicals in your body
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.41,0:05:22.81,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}骨骼的破裂会变得更缓慢\Nfrom hydrogen to deuterium these bones will break more slowly and so various
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.81,0:05:26.95,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}从而导致你体内的各种生理反应也慢下来\Nprocesses in your body are likely to slow right down.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.49,0:05:30.55,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}如果这些反应慢下来 就有可能完全停止\NIf they slow down they may completely stopped.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.12,0:05:33.04,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}有人告诉我\NWell I was always told
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.04,0:05:35.89,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}我可以制作一个有重水的空腔来杀人\Nthat you could kill someone by making a cavity with D2O.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.89,0:05:39.38,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}其原理就是\NBecause what it does is there a difference between the way that
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.38,0:05:42.30,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}氢原子和你体内的氘发生反应\Nhydrogen reacts and you deuterium reacts in the body.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.30,0:05:44.90,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}氘就会取代你体内的氢原子\NSo it can replace hydrogen in the body and obvious everywhere
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.90,0:05:47.08,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}只要有水的地方就会有显著的反应\Nto know the water and it's in all the end times that
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.08,0:05:48.29,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}并且会在你能想到的身体部位一直反应直至结束\Nyou think that are in your body.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.20,0:05:52.28,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}但是我曾经见过有人的体内\NBut I have since read that apparently need to replace about
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.28,0:05:54.60,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}有50%的水被重水取代\Nfifty percent of the water in your body and
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.60,0:05:57.79,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}说实话 用重水杀人是有点不切实际的\Nto actually kill you with D2O which is kind of impractical,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.79,0:06:00.50,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}所以目前还没有过重水夺取人命的事情发生\Nso where would be murder is don't try out one to on work.（听不出来）
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.50,0:06:04.50,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}我要澄清一个谣言 我从来都没有证实过\NThere is a rumor which I've never been able to verify that
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.50,0:06:09.35,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}美国芝加哥附近的氩实验室\Nthe argon lab in the United States just outside Chicago
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.35,0:06:12.36,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}有过一次用狗来做实验\Nat one time had to do to rate a dog
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.36,0:06:15.56,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}这只狗是用重水养大的\Nwhich had been brought up and fed on D2O
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.15,0:06:20.76,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}但是我觉得这就是一个逗逼在无中生有\Nbut I think this is probably just a nerb named it never happened
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.97,0:06:23.60,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}我还有一个建议\NThere's also a suggestion that
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.60,0:06:29.61,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}如果你用重水而不是普通水来稀释威士忌\Nif you dilute your whiskey with D2O rather than H2O
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.61,0:06:33.59,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}当你喝多了 你不会那么容易醉\Nthat you might not get so dizzy when you drink too much
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.96,0:06:35.74,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}但是你可能会狗带\Nbut you might be dead.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.81,0:06:39.05,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}所以这可不是什么适合人类尝试好东西\NSo it's not something that one should try
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.05,0:06:41.46,Default,,0,0,0,,{\fs45}毕竟 它也是很贵的\Nand anyway it's far too expensive