1 00:00:36,917 --> 00:00:41,081 Now, this is going to be a picture of you. 2 00:00:41,121 --> 00:00:43,385 So, who will volunteer to help? 3 00:00:43,423 --> 00:00:45,323 Won't someone stand up? 4 00:00:45,359 --> 00:00:47,987 Ah, that's fine. 5 00:00:48,028 --> 00:00:51,020 Suppose we choose this man here... 6 00:00:51,064 --> 00:00:53,328 and the rest of you may sit down. 7 00:00:55,102 --> 00:00:57,696 Just stand still a minute, friend. 8 00:00:57,738 --> 00:01:00,707 There, now. You can sit down, too. 9 00:01:00,741 --> 00:01:03,335 And now let's get on with our story- 10 00:01:03,377 --> 00:01:07,507 a story about you and your worst enemy. 11 00:01:07,547 --> 00:01:09,208 Now, you have already learned... 12 00:01:09,249 --> 00:01:11,979 to protect yourself from many of your enemies. 13 00:01:12,018 --> 00:01:14,612 For instance, you've learned to wear clothes... 14 00:01:14,654 --> 00:01:17,122 to protect your body from heat and cold. 15 00:01:17,157 --> 00:01:19,387 You've learned to grow fine crops... 16 00:01:19,426 --> 00:01:21,894 and you raise pigs and chickens. 17 00:01:21,928 --> 00:01:26,831 These things all protect you from the enemy hunger. 18 00:01:26,867 --> 00:01:28,664 And if a storm should come... 19 00:01:28,702 --> 00:01:30,636 you find shelter in your house... 20 00:01:32,406 --> 00:01:33,964 where you've learned to protect yourself... 21 00:01:34,007 --> 00:01:35,804 from the weather, too. 22 00:01:40,447 --> 00:01:42,176 But even your house... 23 00:01:42,215 --> 00:01:44,706 won't protect you from your worst enemy- 24 00:01:44,751 --> 00:01:47,914 an enemy who may be here in this room right now... 25 00:01:47,954 --> 00:01:49,888 hiding in the dark corners... 26 00:01:49,923 --> 00:01:52,289 lurking in the most unexpected places. 27 00:01:52,325 --> 00:01:55,522 A great unseen enemy- deadly and silent... 28 00:01:55,562 --> 00:01:57,655 ready to strike in an instant... 29 00:01:57,697 --> 00:02:01,258 ready to attack you without warning. 30 00:02:01,301 --> 00:02:02,962 No, no, no, wait. 31 00:02:03,003 --> 00:02:04,732 It's no use running away. 32 00:02:04,771 --> 00:02:08,400 No one can run away from disease. 33 00:02:08,442 --> 00:02:10,205 Yes, that's right. 34 00:02:10,243 --> 00:02:12,871 It's disease that is your worst enemy... 35 00:02:12,913 --> 00:02:14,938 for disease can be anywhere- 36 00:02:14,981 --> 00:02:16,539 in the air you breathe... 37 00:02:17,984 --> 00:02:20,214 in the ground you walk on... 38 00:02:21,688 --> 00:02:23,315 or-hey, wait! 39 00:02:23,356 --> 00:02:25,620 Don't drink that water. 40 00:02:25,659 --> 00:02:28,526 Disease can be in water, too. 41 00:02:28,562 --> 00:02:31,588 Yes, I know it looks clear and pure... 42 00:02:31,631 --> 00:02:34,361 but, you see, disease is caused... 43 00:02:34,401 --> 00:02:36,562 by tiny living creatures- 44 00:02:36,603 --> 00:02:39,629 creatures so small you couldn't possibly see them. 45 00:02:39,673 --> 00:02:41,231 This water may be full of them. 46 00:02:41,274 --> 00:02:44,175 But, here, let's call on a man... 47 00:02:44,211 --> 00:02:46,577 who knows all about these little creatures- 48 00:02:46,613 --> 00:02:47,875 the doctor. 49 00:02:47,914 --> 00:02:50,109 He studies disease every day... 50 00:02:50,150 --> 00:02:52,914 by using a very wonderfuI instrument- 51 00:02:52,953 --> 00:02:54,818 the microscope. 52 00:02:57,691 --> 00:03:00,819 Now, there's nothing mysterious about a microscope. 53 00:03:00,861 --> 00:03:03,694 It's just an instrument to make things look bigger... 54 00:03:03,730 --> 00:03:05,527 than they really are. 55 00:03:05,565 --> 00:03:07,430 But suppose we show you how it works. 56 00:03:07,467 --> 00:03:10,800 If you don't mind, doctor, we'll borrow your glasses. 57 00:03:10,837 --> 00:03:12,429 Thank you. And- 58 00:03:12,472 --> 00:03:14,497 Oh, just a minute, Mr. Fly. 59 00:03:14,541 --> 00:03:17,772 We're going to look at you through the doctor's glasses. 60 00:03:17,811 --> 00:03:20,541 See? These glasses will magnify. 61 00:03:20,580 --> 00:03:23,048 That means they will make the fly look bigger... 62 00:03:23,083 --> 00:03:24,744 than he really is. 63 00:03:24,784 --> 00:03:28,276 But let's try a stronger magnifying glass. 64 00:03:28,321 --> 00:03:32,348 You see? Now the fly looks even bigger. 65 00:03:32,392 --> 00:03:37,295 If we use two strong glasses, the fly grows larger again. 66 00:03:37,330 --> 00:03:39,855 And if we use three... 67 00:03:39,900 --> 00:03:42,027 or even four glasses... 68 00:03:42,068 --> 00:03:44,730 the fly begins to look like a monster. 69 00:03:44,771 --> 00:03:47,899 Here, let's look at his leg. 70 00:03:47,941 --> 00:03:50,341 Why, his leg is covered with hair. 71 00:03:50,377 --> 00:03:53,244 And so, through our magnifying glasses... 72 00:03:53,280 --> 00:03:57,046 we're seeing something we've never seen before. 73 00:03:57,083 --> 00:04:00,575 Now, if we take these four glasses... 74 00:04:00,620 --> 00:04:03,953 put a tube around them- we have a microscope. 75 00:04:03,990 --> 00:04:05,617 Simple, isn't it? 76 00:04:05,659 --> 00:04:08,025 And yet, by looking through this instrument... 77 00:04:08,061 --> 00:04:11,428 we can actually see the tiny creatures... 78 00:04:11,464 --> 00:04:13,398 that cause disease. 79 00:04:13,433 --> 00:04:15,958 All right, let's try our microscope... 80 00:04:16,002 --> 00:04:18,994 on some of that water you were going to drink. 81 00:04:19,039 --> 00:04:20,666 This little piece of glass... 82 00:04:20,707 --> 00:04:22,265 has a drop of that water on it... 83 00:04:22,309 --> 00:04:25,335 and we're going to look at it through the microscope. 84 00:04:25,378 --> 00:04:29,474 Come on, now, everybody. Watch closely. 85 00:04:36,389 --> 00:04:38,414 There. See? 86 00:04:38,458 --> 00:04:41,723 The water is full of tiny living creatures... 87 00:04:41,761 --> 00:04:43,490 called microbes- 88 00:04:43,530 --> 00:04:46,897 the deadly little enemies that cause disease. 89 00:04:46,933 --> 00:04:50,232 Now, perhaps you wonder how these tiny microbes... 90 00:04:50,270 --> 00:04:53,364 can harm a big, strong person like you. 91 00:04:53,406 --> 00:04:55,431 Well, just look at this giant tree- 92 00:04:55,475 --> 00:04:58,808 tall and sturdy and strong. 93 00:04:58,845 --> 00:04:59,971 You'd think it would take... 94 00:05:00,013 --> 00:05:02,106 something mighty big and powerfuI... 95 00:05:02,148 --> 00:05:04,309 to hurt this great tree, wouldn't you? 96 00:05:04,351 --> 00:05:07,115 But let's get reaI close. 97 00:05:07,153 --> 00:05:09,087 Do you see this little beetle on the trunk? 98 00:05:09,122 --> 00:05:10,612 Just watch it. 99 00:05:10,657 --> 00:05:13,353 See? He's boring a hole in the bark. 100 00:05:13,393 --> 00:05:16,157 Well, one tiny beetle... 101 00:05:16,196 --> 00:05:18,756 certainly can't hurt a big tree like this... 102 00:05:18,798 --> 00:05:21,995 but suppose we go inside and see what it's doing. 103 00:05:22,035 --> 00:05:24,162 Look at that. The beetle has drilled... 104 00:05:24,204 --> 00:05:26,570 deep into the wood and laid its eggs. 105 00:05:26,606 --> 00:05:28,801 And now look. The eggs have hatched... 106 00:05:28,842 --> 00:05:31,402 and the young beetles are boring more holes... 107 00:05:31,444 --> 00:05:33,173 and laying more eggs. 108 00:05:33,213 --> 00:05:35,647 Then there are more beetles and still more... 109 00:05:35,682 --> 00:05:38,810 untiI finally there are thousands of beetles... 110 00:05:38,852 --> 00:05:42,788 all eating away at the life of a great tree. 111 00:05:46,192 --> 00:05:47,682 Now the tree becomes sick... 112 00:05:47,727 --> 00:05:51,060 and before long, the tree dies- 113 00:05:51,097 --> 00:05:55,500 killed by tiny enemies much smaller than itself. 114 00:05:55,535 --> 00:05:59,995 Now, let's suppose you drank some of this bad water. 115 00:06:00,040 --> 00:06:01,871 If we could look inside you... 116 00:06:01,908 --> 00:06:04,001 we'd see that the microbes are carried... 117 00:06:04,044 --> 00:06:08,504 down into your intestines, like this. 118 00:06:10,216 --> 00:06:12,480 And now we can watch the little enemies... 119 00:06:12,519 --> 00:06:14,851 begin their deadly work. 120 00:06:14,888 --> 00:06:17,857 At first, there may only be a few of them... 121 00:06:17,891 --> 00:06:19,825 but see what is happening. 122 00:06:19,859 --> 00:06:23,761 The microbes are growing fat as they eat your body. 123 00:06:23,797 --> 00:06:26,698 And as each microbe grows larger... 124 00:06:26,733 --> 00:06:29,600 it splits and becomes two. 125 00:06:29,636 --> 00:06:34,096 And these grow and split again and become two more. 126 00:06:34,140 --> 00:06:37,337 Now the microbes multiply by the thousands... 127 00:06:37,377 --> 00:06:39,402 just like the beetles in the tree. 128 00:06:39,446 --> 00:06:42,540 Soon, your body would begin to lose its strength... 129 00:06:42,582 --> 00:06:46,985 and before long, you are a very sick man- 130 00:06:47,020 --> 00:06:49,887 all because of these tiny microbes... 131 00:06:49,923 --> 00:06:52,118 in the water you drank. 132 00:06:52,158 --> 00:06:54,718 But remember, it isn't only in water... 133 00:06:54,761 --> 00:06:56,524 that we find these little killers. 134 00:06:56,563 --> 00:06:58,758 No. With our microscope... 135 00:06:58,798 --> 00:07:01,426 we can find microbes almost anywhere. 136 00:07:01,468 --> 00:07:04,232 Suppose we take a look around your farm. 137 00:07:06,439 --> 00:07:07,929 What's this? 138 00:07:07,974 --> 00:07:10,238 You have no latrine? 139 00:07:10,276 --> 00:07:12,437 You use the cornfield? 140 00:07:12,479 --> 00:07:15,243 Well, remember, we said... 141 00:07:15,281 --> 00:07:17,249 there were microbes in the soiI. 142 00:07:20,086 --> 00:07:22,486 You see? Here they are. 143 00:07:22,522 --> 00:07:24,422 The vicious, deadly killers... 144 00:07:24,457 --> 00:07:27,915 that live in soiI fouled with human waste. 145 00:07:27,961 --> 00:07:30,987 But these microbes are not only in the field. 146 00:07:31,030 --> 00:07:33,362 They may be right inside your house. 147 00:07:33,399 --> 00:07:35,697 Let's go inside and see. 148 00:07:35,735 --> 00:07:39,000 Well, there are some flies on the table. 149 00:07:39,038 --> 00:07:41,836 Now, you may think that flies are harmless... 150 00:07:41,875 --> 00:07:43,536 but let's look at the fly's leg... 151 00:07:43,576 --> 00:07:45,771 through our microscope. 152 00:07:47,313 --> 00:07:50,544 See? It's covered with filth. 153 00:07:50,583 --> 00:07:51,982 If we look closer... 154 00:07:52,018 --> 00:07:54,179 we see the filth is full of microbes... 155 00:07:54,220 --> 00:07:57,087 from the field where you left your waste. 156 00:07:57,123 --> 00:07:59,853 And when the fly walks across your food... 157 00:07:59,893 --> 00:08:04,330 he'll leave thousands of these deadly killers behind. 158 00:08:04,364 --> 00:08:08,630 But microbes can be found in other places, too. 159 00:08:08,668 --> 00:08:13,002 Mmm. We see that many people sleep in this room... 160 00:08:13,039 --> 00:08:15,166 and one of them is sick. 161 00:08:20,246 --> 00:08:24,148 Well, this is where we find microbes in the air- 162 00:08:24,184 --> 00:08:29,121 microbes that came from the sick person's lungs. 163 00:08:29,155 --> 00:08:31,248 And now, as the others breathe... 164 00:08:31,291 --> 00:08:35,990 they draw into their bodies the disease that is in the air. 165 00:08:36,029 --> 00:08:40,796 If we look around, we may find other microbes in this room. 166 00:08:40,834 --> 00:08:43,962 This is the anopheles mosquito. 167 00:08:44,003 --> 00:08:47,700 Our microscope would show that this anopheles mosquito... 168 00:08:47,740 --> 00:08:51,107 is full of malaria microbes... 169 00:08:51,144 --> 00:08:53,339 and when the mosquito bites you... 170 00:08:53,379 --> 00:08:56,940 it will leave many of these microbes in your blood. 171 00:08:56,983 --> 00:09:01,283 Then you will have the disease the mosquito carries. 172 00:09:03,389 --> 00:09:07,348 Yes, it's true that disease can be anywhere... 173 00:09:07,393 --> 00:09:09,657 and you must protect yourself against it. 174 00:09:09,696 --> 00:09:10,993 You must fight it. 175 00:09:11,030 --> 00:09:16,332 How? By attacking disease before it attacks you. 176 00:09:16,369 --> 00:09:19,099 First of all, build yourself a latrine. 177 00:09:19,138 --> 00:09:20,366 That way, you'll destroy... 178 00:09:20,406 --> 00:09:22,271 the breeding place of disease... 179 00:09:22,308 --> 00:09:24,037 and the flies that carry it. 180 00:09:24,077 --> 00:09:27,740 Cover your food, so the flies can't get at it. 181 00:09:29,415 --> 00:09:31,383 Cover your bed at night. 182 00:09:31,417 --> 00:09:33,510 Then the mosquito can't reach you... 183 00:09:33,553 --> 00:09:35,384 and you'll be safe from the disease... 184 00:09:35,421 --> 00:09:37,252 the mosquito carries. 185 00:09:38,925 --> 00:09:41,860 So, we have seen that there are many kinds of microbes... 186 00:09:41,895 --> 00:09:45,729 but remember this- they are all living creatures. 187 00:09:45,765 --> 00:09:48,734 Therefore, the microbes themselves can be killed. 188 00:09:48,768 --> 00:09:51,134 For instance, the microbes we saw in the water... 189 00:09:51,170 --> 00:09:53,764 can be killed by boiling the water... 190 00:09:53,806 --> 00:09:55,239 before you drink it. 191 00:09:55,275 --> 00:09:57,709 The microbes that live in dirt and filth... 192 00:09:57,744 --> 00:10:00,235 can be killed with soap and water... 193 00:10:00,280 --> 00:10:02,748 so wash yourself regularly. 194 00:10:02,782 --> 00:10:06,274 The sun will kill microbes. Fresh air is your friend, too. 195 00:10:06,319 --> 00:10:09,720 So let's put windows in your house... 196 00:10:09,756 --> 00:10:13,419 and let the sun and fresh air come in and help you. 197 00:10:13,459 --> 00:10:16,428 Now that you know what disease is... 198 00:10:16,462 --> 00:10:20,091 you must fight it wherever you find it. 199 00:10:20,133 --> 00:10:21,794 Protect yourself against it... 200 00:10:21,834 --> 00:10:26,794 and you will make your life healthy, happy, and prosperous.