你有什么需要赢得国际象棋游戏？ What do you need to win a game of chess?
耐心，聪明的战术，充满想象力。 Patience, clever tactics, loads of imagination.
你看起来很紧张。 You look nervous.
是什么让我们成为人类 What makes us human
是我们头脑中的三角形。 is the squishy triple-pounder inside our heads.
检查。 Check.
它让我们来检查我们的朋友， It lets us checkmate our friends,
建造摩天大楼， build skyscrapers,
把我们这些特别的人带到太空。 and lift a special few of us into space.
八名宇航员在他们之间有超过1000天的空间 Eight astronauts with over 1,000 days in space between them
可以告诉我们如何在那里 can tell us how being up there
帮助他们真正了解这里发生的事情。 helped them to truly understand what goes on down here.
从太空你可以看到全局。 From space you get the big picture.
你真的看到了人类的文明 You really see human civilization
分散在你的下方。 spread out below you.
据我们了解， As far as we know,
在宇宙中没有其他人喜欢我们。 there's nobody else like us out there in the universe.
我能理解的唯一原因 The only reason I'm able to comprehend
令人难以置信的地球复杂性 the incredible complexity of the Earth
是因为我脑子里有一个非常复杂的大脑。 is because I have an incredibly complex brain inside my head.
我们是这个星球上唯一的物种 We are the only species on this planet
这可以在我们的脑海中构建现实 that can construct realities in our mind
然后去实际构建它。 and then go actually build it.
但是30亿年， But for three billion years,
生活甚至没有大脑。 life didn't even have a brain.
我们的思想如何演变的故事 The story of how our mind evolved
在这一块奇怪的岩石上 on this one strange rock
是机会，巧合和不可能的机会之一。 is one of chance, coincidence and impossible odds.
我将告诉你最令人难以置信的地方。 I am going to tell you about the most incredible place.
怪异的联系， The weird connections,
创造我们的动力。 the dynamic forces that created us.
一个像你和我一样复杂的大脑的物种。 A species with a brain as complex as yours and mine.
人类的大脑是独一无二的。 The human brain is unique.
不仅因为它的大小，还因为它的能力。 Not just because of its size, but also its ability.
它可以应对危险，苛刻的挑战。 It can meet challenges that are dangerous, demanding.
非常荒谬。 And wonderfully absurd.
在西班牙，每年有数千人聚集在一起 In Spain, thousands come together every year
从人们那里建造塔楼。 to build towers out of people.
一座十层高的人类塔楼，最小的孩子在上面。 A ten-story human tower with the youngest kids on top.
对。 Right.
克劳迪娅和玛丽娜，他们七岁。 Claudia and Marina, they're seven.
人类就像地球上没有其他生物一样。 Humans are like no other creature on Earth.
我们做这些看起来毫无意义的事情， We do these things that might seem pointless,
不是因为我们是愚蠢的;因为我们很聪明 not because we're stupid; because we're smart.
我们一起工作。 And we work as one.
这是将我们的思想联系在一起的能力 It's that ability to link our minds together
把那些女孩放在那座塔顶上 that put those girls on top of that tower
并且把男人和女人放在太空中。 and also put men and women up in space.
其中一个是Leland Melvin。 One of them is Leland Melvin.
前NFL球员，机械工程师和宇航员。 Former NFL player, mechanical engineer, and astronaut.
坚强，聪明，勇敢， Strong, smart, brave,
并且几乎不可阻挡。 and pretty much unstoppable.
但利兰几乎没有进入太空。 But Leland nearly didn't make it to space.
他训练中的一次意外事故使他的梦想陷入停顿。 An accident in his training brought his dreams to a halt.
真正模拟地球太空行走的唯一方法 The only way to really simulate a spacewalk on Earth
在游泳池里。 is in a pool.
我记得穿上西装，戴上手套，靴子。 I remember getting in the suit, putting my gloves on, my boots.
当你穿着宇航服， As you're going down in the spacesuit,
你必须清理你的耳朵。 you have to clear your ears.
十英尺， Ten feet down,
我意识到聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料块， I realized that the Styrofoam block,
你用鼻子贴着它来清理你的耳朵， you press your nose against it to clear your ears,
在我的头盔中丢失了。 was missing in my helmet.
我告诉测试主管，将耳机中的音量调高。 I tell the test director, turn the volume in the headset up.
我很紧张，以平衡压力。 I was straining to equalize the pressure.
然后，我立刻听到的只是静电。 And then, I immediately hear nothing but static.
他们把我拉出水面。 They were pulling me out of the water.
现在我看到飞行外科医生走向我。 And now I see the flight surgeon walking towards me.
他伸手触摸我的右耳。 He reaches up and touches my right ear.
他正在移动他的嘴唇，但我没有听到他说的任何话。 He's moving his lips, but I don't hear anything he's saying.
然后我就能感觉血液开始流淌 And then I can feel the blood starting to trickle down
在我的脸上。 on the side of my face.
我想，“哇，有些事情真的错了。” I'm like, 'Wow, something's really wrong.'
我完全失聪了。 I was completely deaf.
不知何故，我的大脑和我的耳朵之间的联系 Somehow the connection between my brain and my ears
已被切断， had been severed,
以及我去太空的机会。 along with my chances of going to space.
这次事故让我深表感激 The accident gave me a profound appreciation
我们认为理所当然。 in what we take for granted.
使我们成为我们的东西：我们的大脑。 The thing that makes us us: our brain.
人类的大脑使我们与众不同 The human brain sets us apart
来自这个星球上的所有其他生物。 from all other creatures on this planet.
它可能看起来像一块Jell-O， It might look like a lump of Jell-O,
但这是我们宇宙中最复杂的事情。 but it's the most complex thing in our universe.
在内部，有一个拥有100万亿连接的庞大网络。 Inside, there's a vast network with 100 trillion connections.
这比我们银河系中的恒星数量更多。 That's more than the number of stars in our own Milky Way.
它承载着我们的记忆。 It hosts our memories.
我们的感受。 Our sensations.
我们的梦想。 Our dreams.
而这一切都取决于发射电信号的微小电池。 And all this depends on tiny cells firing electrical signals.
其中有860亿。 There's 86 billion of them.
我们称它们为神经元。 We call them neurons.
860亿。 86 billion.
哇。 Wow.
我很高兴其他人在数。 I'm just glad someone else was counting.
但事情就是这样： But here's the thing:
没有大脑，地球上的大部分生命都会很好。 most of life on Earth does just fine without a brain.
我在谈论一些地球上最古老的居民。 I'm talking about some of Earth's oldest inhabitants.
一些没脑子的生物如此成功， Some brainless creatures are so successful,
你甚至可以从太空中看到它们。 you can even see them from space.
在阳光灿烂的日子里， On a bright, sunny day,
我低头看了一千英里， I'm looking down, and for 1,000 miles,
我看到一个有组织的珊瑚城市。 I see an organized city of coral.
他们只是发光。 They just glow.
它就像世界上最美丽的艺术品。 It's just like the most beautiful art in the world.
这一阵色彩。 This burst of color.
我以前从未见过那些充满活力的色彩。 I'd never seen colors that vibrant before.
令人惊奇的是，珊瑚是巨大的，不动的结构， It's kind of amazing that corals are vast, motionless structures,
没有大脑就能茁壮成长。 that thrive without a brain.
在没脑子的国家， In the country of the brainless,
小脑子是王。 the tiny-brained is king.
认识这个小家伙。 Meet this little guy.
他与我们的共同点比你想象的要多。 He's got more in common with us than you might think.
在里面，他也有神经元，但不是那么多。 Inside, he's got neurons, too, just not as many.
大约200。 About 200.
一种入门套件。 Kind of a starter kit.
他是一个寻找家的婴儿海鞘。 He's a baby sea squirt looking for a home.
他的神经元做的很简单， His neurons do simple stuff,
喜欢检测光线并抽动他的尾巴。 like detect light and twitch his tail.
但事情就是这样： But here's the thing:
一旦他找到了正确的岩石，他的游泳日子就结束了。 once he's found the right rock, his swimming days are over.
在他的余生中，他一直坚持下去。 For the rest of his life, he stays put.
他倾倒尾巴并消耗使其移动的神经元。 He dumps the tail and consumes the neurons that made it move.
然后，它变成了一个大而古老的海鞘。 Then, it grows into a big, old sea squirt.
将“使用它或失去它”带到一个全新的水平。 Takes 'use it or lose it' to a whole new level.
你知道，这是一种奇怪的想法 It's kind of a freaky thought that, you know,
当神经元发育时，它们不是为了思考。 when neurons were developed, they weren't for thinking.
它们用于简单的运动或运动。 They were for simple motion or movement.
但有一天，神经元就像那些，我们大脑里面的神经元， But one day, neurons like those, the ones inside our brains,
会有助于创造事物 would help create things
像火箭船去太空， like rocket ships going to space,
城市和音乐。 cities and music.
让尾巴抽搐移动一两码 Making a tail twitch to move a yard or two
只需要几个神经元。 requires just a few neurons.
但是，更先进的东西， However, the more advanced stuff,
这需要更多。 that needs an awful lot more.
生活需要感知周围环境， Life needs to sense its surroundings,
否则，它只是在黑暗中徘徊。 otherwise, it's just flailing around in the dark.
没有比人类大脑更复杂的了。 There is nothing more complex than the human brain.
但更复杂的是， But the more complicated something is,
它出错的方式越多。 the more ways it can go wrong.
我的训练意外后， After my training accident,
医生无法弄清楚我的错误。 the doctors couldn't figure out what was wrong with me.
一切看起来都完好无损， Everything looked physically intact,
但他们无法解决我的问题。 but they couldn't fix me.
我完全失聪了。 I was completely deaf.
我进入太空的目标似乎被挫败了。 My goal of getting to space seemed to be thwarted.
但我能想到的一切 But all I could think about
我是否曾经听过我再次播放的音乐。 was whether I'd ever hear music that I played again.
音乐一直是我生活中的重要组成部分。 Music has been such a big part of my life.
所以，当音乐沉默时...... And so, when the music was silent...
就在那时我才崩溃并开始哭泣。 That's when I just broke down and started crying.
利兰的耳朵很好。 Leland's ears were fine.
这不是问题所在。 That's not where the problem was.
因为你不只是用耳朵听， Because you don't just hear with your ears,
你也会听到你的大脑。 you also hear with your brain.
所有感官都是一样的， It's the same for all the senses,
他们将我们的大脑与外界联系起来。 they link our brains to the outside world.
他们经历了数百代的发展，以适应这个世界， And over hundreds of generations they evolve to suit that world,
不管它多么苛刻。 no matter how harsh it is.
猎人在这里生活了数千年。 Hunters have lived here for thousands of years.
但为了生存，他们借用了生物的感官 But to survive, they borrow the senses of a creature
那里的时间更长了。 that's been here even longer.
鹰就像一个武器化的望远镜。 The eagle is like a weaponized telescope.
它可以看到距离最远两英里的狐狸。 It can see a fox up to two miles away.
在这里，这是生存斗争中的重要工具。 Out here, that's a crucial tool in the fight for survival.
但是看起来像一只老鹰， But to see like an eagle,
你需要的不仅仅是鹰眼; you need more than eagle eyes;
你需要一个鹰脑。 you need an eagle brain.
眼睛提供有关我们周围世界的大量数据， Eyes deliver masses of data about the world around us,
以及所有救生数据 and all that lifesaving data
需要有力的东西来理解它。 needed something powerful to make sense of it.
简单地说，如果你是一只有眼睛的动物， Simply put, if you're an animal with eyes,
你需要一个比海鞘更大的大脑。 you're gonna need a bigger brain than a sea squirt.
眼睛是一个真正的游戏改变者。 Eyes were a real game changer.
但这不仅仅是眼睛。 But it's not just the eyes.
生物必须发展出一系列的感官 Creatures had to develop an array of senses
每个都经过校准才能处理 that are each calibrated to deal
随着地球不断变化的环境。 with the ever-changing environment of Planet Earth.
不只是贫瘠的甜点， Not just barren desserts,
但是这些非常茂密的丛林， but these very dense jungles,
大洋礁， teeming ocean reefs,
甚至冰冷的北极浪费。 and even icy Arctic waste.
这个星球的不同景观起到了重要作用 The planet's varied landscapes played a significant role
在动物如何感知。 in how animals sense.
什么适合他们，适合我们。 What goes for them, goes for us.
这颗行星也塑造了我们的感官。 The planet shaped our senses, too.
这是你可能没注意到的 It's something you might not notice
除非你离开这个星球。 unless you leave the planet.
我们的感官已经发展 Our senses have evolved
在地球上运作。 to operate on Planet Earth.
当你在太空中时， When you're up in space,
内耳没有注册上下。 the inner ear isn't registering an up and down.
所以，你的方向感 So, your sense of orientation
只来自你的眼睛。 only comes from your eyes.
你知道那种奇怪的感觉 You know that weird feeling
在你的肚子里， in the pit of your stomach,
当你越过过山车的顶部？ when you go over the top of a rollercoaster?
我基本上在那一刻度过了整整一天。 I was basically in that moment for an entire day.
我们是地球人。 We're Earthlings.
那就是我们是谁。 That's just who we are.
原始大脑中感官的演变 The evolution of the senses in the primitive brain
允许生物与我们的星球互动 have allowed living creatures to interact with our planet
以前所未有的方式。 in a way like never before.
但是从太空看我们的星球， But looking at our planet from space,
你可以看到它不仅仅是多变的，它是动态的。 you can see it's not just varied, it's dynamic.
有时，环境变化很快， Sometimes, the environment changes quickly,
当这种情况发生时，你必须要快速适应。 and when that happens, you have to be just as fast to adapt.
就像海平面上升而没有警告一样 Like when the sea level rises without warning,
而现在，你是一个被抛弃的岛屿。 and now, you're an island castaway.
猕猴用双手很棒。 Macaques are great with their hands.
他们剥果，爬树，做对方的头发。 They peel fruit, climb trees, and do each other's hair.
但是在这些岛屿上，他们做了其他猕猴所做的事情。 But on these islands, they do something no other macaques do.
他们用石头作为工具去除牡蛎。 They use rocks as tools to shuck oysters.
猕猴通常不吃它们， Macaques don't normally eat them,
但当他们被上升的大海搁浅时 but when they were stranded by the rising sea,
他们需要新的方式来吃饭。 they needed new ways to get a meal.
他们不是天生就具备这种技能; They weren't born with this skill;
聪明的猴子必须解决它。 a smart monkey had to work it out.
这只是复杂的大脑才能做到的...... This is something only complex brains can do...
不只是感觉和反应， Not just sense and react,
但是要学习， but learn,
适应和解决问题。 adapt and problem solve.
但仅仅因为猕猴可以学会去除牡蛎 But just because a macaque can learn to shuck oysters
并不意味着要开一家海鲜餐馆。 doesn't mean it's gonna open a seafood restaurant.
只有一个人才能实现这种精神上的飞跃。 Only a human would make that mental leap.
那么，我们怎么会这么不同呢？ So, how come we're so different?
猴子是太空中的第一个灵长类动物， Monkeys were the first primates in space,
但这不完全是他们的想法。 but it wasn't exactly their idea.
事实上，他们可能反对它。 In fact, they were probably against it.
那么，为什么我们会成为具有重要想法的猿？ So, how come we're the apes with the big ideas?
嗯，这是一个很长的故事。 Well, it's a long story.
关于可能不存在的事情的故事 A story about something that may not exist
在太阳系的任何其他地方， anywhere else in the solar system,
也许是宇宙。 maybe the universe.
火。 Fire.
辛巴人保持同样的火焰燃烧 The Himba people have kept this same fire burning
几代人。 for generations.
据我们所知，这个星球是唯一的星球 As far as we know, this planet is the only one
有适当的火灾条件。 with the right conditions for fire to burn.
但是有一件事让我们高高在上。 But there's one thing that fire gives us above all else.
但烹饪食物有所作为 But cooking food does something
这比让它变得美味更重要。 that's way more important than just making it tasty.
呜！我们起火了，我们准备好食物吗？ Woo! We got fire, are we ready for food?
我们作为人类拥有这些渴望能量的大脑。 We as humans have these power-hungry brains.
我们身体的一大块能量 A big chunk of our body's energy
必须用它来保持它们运行。 has to be used to keep them running.
转，宝贝，转。 Turn, baby, turn.
通过烹饪，我们实际上已经崩溃了 By cooking, we're actually breaking down
食物的细胞壁 the cell walls of the food
释放出更多的营养和热量， that releases so many more nutrients and calories,
帮助推动我们的大脑。 to help fuel our big brains.
我们物种历史上的关键时刻之一 One of the key moments in the history of our species
当我们的祖先开火时。 was when our ancestors harnessed fire.
好吧，拿你的盘子。 Alright, get your plates.
理论上说，烹饪让我们获得更多能量 The theory goes, cooking let us get more energy
每一口食物。 out of every bite of food.
所以我们用更少的时间喂养大脑 So we spent less time feeding our brain
还有更多时间使用它。 and more time using it.
试着去一天没有被火灾触及的地方。 Try going a day that isn't touched by fire.
你无法想象没有它的生活。 You couldn't imagine life without it.
但是可以利用火力的大脑 But a brain that could harness fire
可能没有首先进化 may not have evolved in the first place
如果不是这么强大的力量， if it wasn't for a force so powerful,
它成了地球上最高的山脉。 it made the highest mountains on Earth.
化石告诉我们这些山脉， The fossils tell us that these mountains,
曾经在海底，被迫高高地飞向天空。 once at the bottom of the sea, were forced high into the sky.
当你在轨道上时， When you're in orbit,
当你来到喜马拉雅山脉时， as you come over the Himalaya Mountains,
你几乎觉得你需要稍稍点燃推进器。 you almost feel like you need to fire the thrusters a little bit.
你可以知道那个次大陆的位置 You can tell where that subcontinent
刚刚进入亚洲大陆 just jammed into the Asian continent
把那些山脉推上去。 and thrust those mountains up.
这种平滑度之间的碰撞 This collision between the smooth flatness
印度和这些崎岖，褶皱的山脉， of India and these rugged, crumpled mountains,
这就像看着超级慢动作的火车残骸。 it's like watching a super slow-motion train wreck.
你越远， The further you get away,
你可以看到这些总体主题 you can kind of see these overarching themes
我们的星球形成的方式。 to the way our planet is formed.
像这样的力量会变形 It was forces like these that would transform
我们岩石的一个特殊角落 one particular corner of our rock
进入人类的摇篮。 into the cradle of humanity.
东非大裂谷 The Great Rift Valley in East Africa
曾经是一片郁郁葱葱的绿色森林，是人猿的天堂。 was once a lush green forest, a paradise for apes.
但是地球的地壳发生了变化，山脉升起， But the Earth's crust shifted, mountains rose,
气候变了，使它成为一个更加艰难的居住地。 and the climate changed, making it a much tougher place to live.
真的很难确切地知道我们的祖先是如何适应的 It's hard to really know exactly how our ancestors adapted
数百万年。 over millions of years.
这些变化可能会让猿人做事 The changes may have pushed apes to do things
喜欢创新工具。 like innovate the tools.
或者两条腿走路。 Or walk on two legs.
甚至利用火力。 And even harness fire.
不管是什么，我们作为早期人类走出了另一边， Whatever it was, we came out the other side as early humans,
大脑更大。 with bigger brains.
我们在全球起飞， We took off across the planet,
我们带来了一种独特的人类技能。 and there was one uniquely human skill we brought with us.
我在这里，和你说话， Here I am, talking to you,
你们当中有些人甚至在听。 and some of you are even listening.
您所听到的可能是最强大的工具 What you're hearing is probably the most powerful tool
我们曾经掌握过。 we've ever mastered.
So, how do you get a brain that can tell a damn good story? 那么，你如何得到一个可以说出该死的好故事的大脑？
We speak. 我们说。
We link signs and sounds to thoughts and things, 我们将标志和声音与思想和事物联系起来，
in countless ways, creating almost infinite meanings. 以无数种方式，创造几乎无限的意义。
That takes a lot of brain power. 这需要大量的脑力。
Moving to Hong Kong has been amazing. 搬到香港真是太棒了。
I'm originally from Japan, 我来自日本，
but I've lived in Hong Kong for six years now. 但我现在在香港生活了六年。
But it has its challenges. 但它有其挑战。
Even just buying dinner can get complicated. 即使只是买晚餐也会变得复杂。
A lot of us foreigners try to learn Chinese, 我们很多外国人都试着学中文，
but it's not always easy. 但这并不总是那么容易。
One word can actually have many meanings, 一个词实际上可以有很多含义，
depending on the tone you use. 取决于你使用的音调。
For example, if I say xiao, it means burn, 例如，如果我说xiao，则表示刻录，
or xiao, it means little, 或者xiao，这意味着很少，
or xiao, it means laugh. 或者萧，这意味着笑。
Use the wrong tone, you could be in big trouble. 使用错误的音调，你可能会遇到大麻烦。
It's only us human beings 这只是我们人类
that have developed complex language. 已经发展出复杂的语言。
Unlike many other languages, 与许多其他语言不同，
Chinese uses the musical areas of the brain 中国人使用大脑的音乐区域
to extract meaning from all those tones. 从所有这些音调中提取意义。
And that takes a lot of processing power. 这需要很多处理能力。
But the really big question is 但真正重要的问题是
why we have any language at all. 为什么我们有任何语言。
It's partly due to the size of our big brains. 这部分是由于我们大脑的大小。
But there could be another factor at play. 但可能还有另一个因素在起作用。
One theory is that it was something really tiny. 有一种理论认为它确实很小。
There's a version of a gene, called FOXP2, 有一种基因，称为FOXP2，
that only us humans have. 只有我们人类才有。
Take it away, and you'll struggle to talk. 拿走它，你会很难说话。
No one knows how we've got this mutation. 没有人知道我们是如何得到这种突变的。
But we do know... 但我们知道......
it gave us more precise control 它给了我们更精确的控制
over our mouth and our tongue muscles. 在我们的嘴和我们的舌头肌肉。
And that let us make more sophisticated sounds, 这让我们发出更复杂的声音，
helping us turn thoughts into words. 帮助我们将思想转化为文字。
Small genetic twists turned us 小遗传扭曲让我们感动
from a bunch of folks who grunt 来自一群咕噜咕噜的人
to a species that can tell xiao from xiao, 一个可以告诉xiao的小物种，
from xiao. 来自小。
Sharing ideas, communicating them, 分享想法，沟通，
lets us do things that alone would be impossible. 让我们做一些单独是不可能的事情。
Something pioneers know full well. 一些先驱者完全了解。
Okay, let's do it. 好的，我们来做吧。
I'm getting all kinds... I've wiped it off, 我得到了各种各样的......我把它擦掉了，
but I have all kinds of salt on me. 但我对你有各种各样的盐。
My shield got covered in salt. 我的盾被盐覆盖了。
Turn the water pump off. 关闭水泵。
We're here in Bolivia 我们在玻利维亚
trying to break the motorcycle world land speed record. 试图打破摩托车世界陆地速度记录。
We probably don't have a better opportunity 我们可能没有更好的机会
than we have right now to see just how fast this bike will go. 比我们现在看到的这辆自行车有多快。
This is a huge team effort. 这是一项巨大的团队努力。
We communicate a lot, the team and I. 我们沟通了很多，团队和我。
Communication is a huge advantage. 沟通是一个巨大的优势。
It takes so many people 这需要很多人
to come up with a machine of this caliber. 拿出这种机器的机器。
You have all these people doing all this stuff for you, 你让所有这些人为你做这些事情，
but once that canopy closes... 但是一旦那个树冠关闭......
You ready? 你准备好了吗？
You're all alone. 你一孤零零。
45, hit it, Rocky! 45，打它，洛基！
Full speed, 333.9. 全速，333.9。
Roger, six. 罗杰，六岁。
Whoa, whoa, whoa! 哇，哇，哇！
There's something wrong with the motor. 电机有问题。
He's coming to a... he's slowing down. 他来了......他正在放慢速度。
Everything okay down there? 一切都还好吗？
Seems okay. 好像没问题。
It is going really strong, 它真的很强大，
and it's, whoa, whoa, whoa. 它是，哇，哇，哇。
Main off? 主要关闭？
- Yeah. - Okay. - 是的- 好的。
Got up to right around 378 miles an hour, 达到每小时378英里左右，
and then the turbo coupler came off. 然后涡轮耦合器脱落。
It's frustrating. 这令人沮丧。
It's a huge team effort, 这是一项巨大的团队努力，
and, you know, we're all trying to reach our goal. 而且，你知道，我们都在努力实现目标。
Probably 95% of the time there is something going wrong. 可能有95％的时间出现问题。
That's why records last so long. 这就是记录持续这么久的原因。
Everything about land speed racing 关于陆地速度赛车的一切
is learning what's new and how to improve things. 正在学习什么是新的以及如何改进。
We learn a lot, and I think we can put that to good use 我们学到了很多东西，我认为我们可以很好地利用它
in the future. 在将来。
I'm with Rocky on this. 我跟Rocky在一起。
You get knocked down, you get back up again. 你被打倒了，你又回来了。
Communicating helps you face failure without fear. 沟通可以帮助您毫无畏惧地面对失败。
But our brains adapt. 但是我们的大脑适应了。
So if we lose the ability to communicate, 所以，如果我们失去沟通的能力，
our brain might find a work-around. 我们的大脑可能会找到解决方法。
It's flexible. 它很灵活。
Talk to Leland about it. 和Leland谈谈这件事。
During the time of recovery 在恢复期间
from my hearing accident, 从我的听力事故，
there was a point when I could feel my brain rewiring itself 有一点，我能感觉到我的大脑重新开始
to hear again. 再听一遍
The brain over time can make adjustments 随着时间的推移，大脑可以进行调整
to compensate for losses or changes. 弥补损失或变化。
我想这就是发生在我身上的事情。 And I think that's what happened to me.
我的听证会开始回归 My hearing started coming back
事故发生后大约三个星期。 about three weeks after my accident.
但我需要两年多才能恢复正常。 But it took two more years for me to recover properly.
最后，美国宇航局的首席医疗官 Then finally, the chief medical officer for NASA
拿出一张纸 pulled out a piece of paper
那说，“你现在已经被允许在太空中飞行了。” that said, 'You are now cleared to fly in space.'
那是我一生中最令人难以置信的日子之一。 That was one of the most incredible days of my life.
我再也没把我的大脑视为理所当然。 I never took my brain for granted again.
有了灵活的大脑， With that flexible brain,
我们学习，适应和解决问题。 we learn, adapt, and problem solve.
我们的大脑给了我们语言， Our brains give us language,
允许我们与他人分享这些经验教训。 allowing us to share those lessons with others.
写作让我们可以通过时间传递这些知识。 And writing lets us pass on that knowledge through time.
所有人类的脑力， All that human brain power,
所有这些知识都通过书面教科书， all that knowledge through written textbooks,
通过计算，通过数学。 through calculations, through mathematics.
这只会导致巨大的爆炸 That just led to a huge explosion
在文明的发展。 in the development of civilization.
我们可以变得更聪明， We can get a lot smarter,
因为我们可以从前几代人那里学到更多东西。 because we can learn a lot more from the previous generations.
人性通过思想网络联系在一起 Humanity is linked together by a network of minds
跨越时空。 that spans time and space.
这有助于我们创造出令人眼花缭乱的复杂性。 And that's helped us create things of dazzling complexity.
我们曾经做过的最复杂的事情就是漂浮在我们之上。 The most complex one we've ever made is floating above us.
点火序列开始。 Ignition sequence start.
五四三二一。 Five, four, three, two, one.
你正在离开这个星球。 You're lifting off of the planet.
感觉胸部有3 Gs Feeling 3 Gs on your chest
当你被推向宇宙时。 as you're being propelled to the cosmos.
这是一次乘车。 It is one heck of a ride.
失去听觉后， After losing the sense of hearing,
我花了这么多年才到达发射台， it took so many years for me to get to the launchpad,
但它只需要几分钟就能进入轨道。 but it just took a few minutes to get to orbit.
早上好，休斯顿。 Good morning, Houston.
我们到了太空，我看到了这个星球。 We got to space, I saw the planet.
它只会打击你的想法。 It just blows your mind.
这一阵色彩。 This burst of color.
我以前从未见过那些充满活力的颜色。 I've never seen colors that vibrant before.
而且我几乎不得不自己回去工作。 And I almost had to, like, smack myself to get back to work.
如果你能得到另一个...... If you could get the other...
探险队的四名船员，我们看到了他们。 the expedition four crew, that we have them in sight.
然后我在地平线上看到了这个小点。 And then I saw this little dot out on the horizon.
而且我们越来越近了。 And we get closer and closer and closer.
我第一次看到空中站飞过头顶， The first time I saw the space station flying overhead,
我从来不知道车辆有多复杂。 I never knew how complex a vehicle it was.
你知道，你可以看到错综复杂的设计 You know, you could see the intricate design
在这些模块中，所有这些事情 in these modules, all these things
这是人类大脑所设想的。 that were envisioned by the human brain.
所以，你知道，当你接近它时， So, you know, when you approach it,
它真是太美了。 it's just so beautiful.
这是一个惊人的，惊人的工程奇迹。 It's an amazing, amazing engineering marvel.
毫无疑问，空间站 There's no question that the space station
是最伟大的国际科学项目 is the greatest international scientific project
这是有史以来的。 that's ever been undertaken.
就像，哇，这件事很棒。 It's like, wow, this thing is awesome.
而且我会活在那件事上 And I'm gonna get to live on that thing
四五个月 for four or five months.
现在进来并携带相机， Coming in now and carrying the camera,
任务专家Leland Melvin。 mission specialist Leland Melvin.
你好吗？ How you doing?
公牛在瓷店，男人。 Bull in a china shop, man.
爬上这座小山到太空 Climbing this hill to space
是我做过的最艰难的事情之一。 was one of the hardest things I've ever done.
我从没想过自己会聋子， I never imagined myself going deaf,
我从没想过会回来 I never imagined coming back
在那次事故之后获得这个机会。 and getting this opportunity after that accident.
这对全人类来说都是一个类似的故事。 And it's really a similar story for all of humankind.
我们作为一个物种所取得的一切 Everything we've achieved as a species
是幸运链事故的产物。 is the product of a lucky chain of accidents.
到了这里，我们需要一个行星来凝结灰尘。 To get here, we needed a planet to congeal out of dust.
在适合生活的地方塑造和塑造我们的世界， In the right place for life to form and mold our world,
让我们呼吸和成长复杂。 allowing us to breathe and grow complex.
我们需要屏蔽我们的太阳， We needed to be shielded from our sun,
有月亮的天赋， gifted with a moon,
并授予季节。 and granted seasons.
我们需要足够的轰炸 We needed just enough bombardments
和近乎湮灭 and near-annihilations
让生命蜿蜒 to let life meander
通过它的曲折 through its twists and turns
并进化出一个物种 and evolve a species
像你和我一样复杂的大脑。 with a brain as complex as yours and mine.
我在空间站的时候， When I was on the space station,
回望这个星球， looking back at the planet,
它给了我深刻的感激之情 it gave me a profound appreciation
我们认为理所当然。 in what we take for granted.
人类是一种奇妙而奇特的奇怪。 Humans are a wonderful, extraordinary oddity.
干得好，伙计，伟大的比赛。 Good job, man, great game.
有了这一滴Jell-O， With this blob of Jell-O,
这860亿个神经元， these 86 billion neurons,
我们离开了这个星球 we've left the planet
远远地望着宇宙， and looked far, far out into the universe,
试图解开宇宙的奥秘。 trying to unravel the mysteries of the cosmos.
但无论我们看多远， But no matter how far out we look,
我们发现的最遥远的事情 the most far-out thing we've ever found
就在我们耳边。 is right between our ears.
下次... Next time...
当你最终回到地球时感觉如何？ What does it feel like when you finally come back to Earth?
真的没有像家一样的地方吗？ Is there really no place like home?