and other rights
another rise speaking have for arm
questions the very end and the only other thing I might add is that
arm if any view
have questions II and lawyers sir
glad to talk to people about it a biological invasions
and serve anyone as a question I B glad to
carry on a more detailed conversation he emailed I think in the
arm wanna the web links box hard out there I think there's a list has my
buy whole page in that could have my email address there
so other some jumping into the presentation own
as the title suggesting that we talk about
in biological invasions a pic sodic
force its second season is this something I fish i feels really happy
talk about because I think a
unfortunately arm it's not think that
doesn't get enough attention I feel like in especially the united states that
probably people or
not aware of it das army I think we need to serve raise our consciousness about
the problem in a corset
invasions by of forest pests or something
really just a subset of a a larger problem
are which is that the larger problem biological
asians and in DC reflects the fact that you know over
thousands of years is evolution the world's
by Lodi has been divided into
separated by things like Oceans what on its evolved independently
arm and that now I've via arm modern technology these
these isolation mechanisms are being broken down and we have species living
from one continent to another and these school
explore costs problems arm it's only a in general like a lot of our problems
today I suppose you can
trace a problem back to do overpopulation world so that
as human population a Dempsey's have
have increased are one of the things that's happened is we've seen a steady
increase
in global travel in and trade in
are it pretty particularly with four stations I think we can't raise
most the abolished asian problems to increase its
in in global trade which is steadily increased
arm in a in invasion biology we refer to these things as
invasion pathways that is an invasion pathway is a mechanism that facilitates
a the movement species usually accidentally from one
a geographical region other such as comments
and what are the things we see is is six like shipping containers
which really wonderful devices for Glee goods around the world
turns out arm arm are
are effective mechanisms
accidentally living species I this is a sewed there's a
someone mentioned they can't hear Peter's high but not be
Peters at eat do you think
okay okay
maybe
the problem okie eso so things like go
are all good he got okay so things like containers are very strict
effective that actually moving things arm another thing
another invasion pathways historically is played a really important role as the
importation of us live plant material on this is why the sense that
%uh that arm it with the
eventos love more stringent regulations there's
definitely been progress made in in reducing his password for shares still
things like smuggling in and other
activities in which plants the blueberry plants as is not regulated in this also
for sleazy effectively if a movie it's X
diseases round a by the way I'm not gonna be talking at all about planet
Asia
sages there's only so much Commission could be country really honest
Force insect disease
stations other ago so these sites they take a long time to move forward
up three terms of fluorescence for for assistance
there's no question the promotion important invasion pathway
has been up the movement's a brawl word and this is what we refer to generically
as solid wood packing material because most the problems
art was necessarily within its law
switch II could pool
walls and daughter churches used 22
up brace material in ships very often in the
airports origin when a this would have used for packaging
the most low quality wood products such as that
has park on it is used for shipping contain pet
pallets cetera and very often the service material that its sector
inadvertently transferred
are it again there's been progress recently made about
about do international guidelines for limiting this but it's probably still
get rabate someone
problem up so the resolve up this is that over the last
a hundred years we've seen what appears to be a steady increase
in the number %uh arm a invasive
PS are non-indigenous its X
diseases this graph shows arm the number
loves force in sex arriving
each year and so you can see it's a rather are interesting
pattern that there's base the again sits up somewhere around 1900
pretty much as linear increase number I shove
arm effect CA get cleaners there's been a steady increase in the
in the number I love us arm species
pass coming in it with the things you might know so there's two lives it the
red line is busy increase in numbers us
assault on additions forced sex in the US the green light as those that
are not have some kind of economic impact you can see by far most these
non-indigenous species are not causing any
does impact but arm are the pattern of stoves
arrivals is very much paralleling that is serviced linear increase
arm in if he the we can actually estimate the number so on average a real
last 100 years we per se
summer route to species per year over the last century
are the this same pattern is evident when you look at
a different group of insects and diseases the fullest feeding insects
they've been the most common group of insect but sappy torsten
and wood bores which have been particularly problematic begin exhibit
the same
with your increase numbers species and certainly
ISO image before most the species are not once that cause problems but we
certainly have
a number of these that are notorious
arm its other these which have caused catastrophic impacts
up with choco to in a bit more leader
are what is a really interesting things is that this is actually love the
daytime showings
commit to a recent a project I've been involved with such
Nature Conservancy to bring together love the stator is if you look at that
at the distribution I'll us a
pass pieces again these are just species that are not to have any economic damage
are look at their geographical distribution United States
%uh there's a very distinct pattern thats that in the northeastern
up a United States as much higher frequency
us these cottages past are in the prior year later reasons for this
you could do it somewhere try to explored as me and I think it comes down
to actually to me since it turns out
from the most important reason is our that the source the northeaster actually
more day for said is we have
or arm tree species up tent certainly the western United States
up the other thing which also historically is probably important
explaining this distribution
are yeses number trees pieces know it as are more tree species it bc it creates
more targets
actually for for non-indigenous past but the second thing is probably it also
reflects historical
our distribution um she the population because say pointed out earlier body
these
species are one sick to it came in over some time ago
are and again the northeast there's longer history
a human it called humans commerce are it so that probably also explains
Ste its distribution arm by the way I wouldn't have to put in
a shameless advertisement here if you're interested these types
maps we have a website to reap that up
may be useful stew somebody called alien force pass Explorer
which is where that map to the the these other maps that show its cities you're
interested in
is kinda map data actually provided a address for
the web links in arm are are and this is the address is there
arm so 00 is is a Choson
cutting out periodically problematic area hope if people are having more
problems with audio
maybe let me know anyway but this this website
you can actually a cultured and you can select from
from arm about fifty different plant species
arm in and and display are
%uh maps absurd Kurt distribution
the speech Bertuzzi's as well as the distributions are susceptible hosts
arm %uh there's a question that was would you say that
the geographical description tests that there's a negative affective increased
biodiversity know it's actually quite the opposite actually
it's the diversity of los trees sewed other words is it because the Northeast
or the east in general we have larger number UVs
host trees are this probably
promotes the ER the rival the establishment larger number of
most arm I'll pest species biko's
again there's more opportunities for different species
a first past establish given a larger number trees lot of
its X diseases are rather host specific
it so it gives the or host tree species that Arthur
the more targets ours actually shirt espy's
so I'll in addressing the whole problem with biological patients a
there's really pulitzer universal
shacks about invasions is that is it probably recognized as there's three
phases Danny Ainge
invasion up that the first is is the arrival phase which
over which has to do with the species actually be transported there
army and I match before we we widely we recognize many different
Asian pathways which are are really the cause is why
the biological major problems is his decreased
extended house up and then the second phase is the
up establishment phase in %uh stash refers to the
to the grosses populations such that the a
the populations reproduced to a point where they're no longer gonna go extinct
in
we know that many more species arrives in actually establish
but many of them just go but way by chance are many probably arrive in there
are no
post trees for them to feed our nurse tablet on
arm but establishment are is what these
critical parts arm in the final stages
is spread it spread is basically the idea that what's a species
stab list do the area it will then arm expand its range
have sprouted new Cotner wherever region it's tablished
Jordan eventually fully occupies the reach where
are where it's possible for organs to reproduce
arm so corresponding to to
are this these three phases invasions there's
a arm is a good way for for separating out
as the different methods for managing biological patients as well
and and again this is something the people the it seems like
it may not be that important but it's very important always to keep in mind
these
these three phases up biological asians
arm so terms the corresponding methods managing it asians
arm thus the for sick corresponding to arrive on other words to prevent arrival
are we use international cortines inspection said is that
are incoming cargo list suspected
are if if are circle Rd is found to be
periodic repeatedly its contaminated with subs are potential past
then are dead there governments normally it will
posts or Corti to prevent the importation temperature
this is get this stuff gets tricky because
we get into the realms up 68 trade agreements which actually
have very strict guidelines but where did when cannot
impose quarantines arm correspondent establishment others to prevent
establishment
are we are used to txt ratification
and so the idea with detection is that are
if there's a potential P has species that you know that
it's not established in North America but potentially could cause a lot of
problems
arm governments will a run
programs to tonight right survey for for species
arm using things like with it's actually use terrible traps for detecting
populations
and when new populations you colonies are found to be
our president area we use a radical cation which is
are basically the idea was a rare occasions he won a trip to Li
eliminate species from a geographical region
in and finally with up spread in order to limit the
arm spread of an organism are we typically use
barriers olds or domestic warranty so for example
up right now with with several ash borer there's lot concern
as well as Asian all our people that the species
their present Party United States they could be moved around elsewhere the US
via
the firework it's that's why
a lot state states are posing cortines
gutman limiting the movement of firewood are
an all touch on some this debt arm so finally the finals in deny there's a
serve a final short stage any biological invasions what's the
the organism is stab listed that spread to its permanent range
up there's one a purse up engine option which is very
useful thats biological control which is
Inc we refer to as classical biological control
a the typical procedures going out to the
up the geographical area first origins species
in looking for cash on me 68 predators parasites that
potentially bite control that population
are introduced us know many people a
my dish a to circuit said by logical choice sometimes got a bad name because
they're certainly
out some historical use it was case very old cases were
us are certain biological control agents were introduced up
as people work that careful about let
other affects biological control agents with half but
are I should it really need to point out that that
biological control their spit a lot we've learned about biological control
and hence these days when these procedures carried out
there very arm intense efforts are made to screen
up for other hosts for biological control agents
are it so the search the problems are not likely to 20
arising or so it you really should keep
by the pilot controls potentially certainly not all cases but pennies
situation has been really successful at at limiting the damage
cost by invading species pass keys
so ugh texting back on a out some unease with
operatic our survey and and detection
I should point out that an image before the whole problem biological agents
up doesn't have it probably should be more widely recognized the problem that
it is
now inner-cities you ever travel to New Zealand
Arbor is really interesting to contrast that country with ours
in the sense that the whole problem biological invasions
much higher profile are it being an island country from a forestry
perspectives a
have their retire first 0 forestry industry is based on a single species
in a single exotic species actually could be heard
complete decimated by the
establishment absurd PS PCs this country goes to great efforts to keep
our pest species out in it to some extent sirs is a nice model for what
perhaps address the world could be doing for example a if
if you ever traveled there the which I that they actually X-ray all their
incoming
package looking for things like smuggled through
that's her saying up and the inspect a hundred percent other shipping
containers looking again for non-indigenous species in
you contrast just here in the United States we Wiese
we r inspect as less than one percent of
shipping container so arm its wanna it just hours an example of what can be
done
if with more intense attention to the problem
arm so the others
another a is also gonna make reference to the
to texan eradication again using New Zealand as an example
are they've had in the last ten years series
invasions by up several are exotic
live in a tree its peak a boss BC Caesar lamee'a treated the same
family a false the gypsy moth said and
up the arm above the
four let me a tree it's that were introduced the successfully eradicated
three of them
arm a both by largely a user's affair more traps to deliver populations
and the answer is the are aerial spraying are using
pectoral pesticides and are maybe these unforeseen many times with these
the species could arrive up because they're so see it with
with humans and she would converse a very often establish
in urban areas so if this is the case
New Zealand at the end up having to a really treat
urban areas in Auckland with splits of leftists
PT sometimes as many as 24 applications
PT over a two-year period and up but they
been six like a midget the forces these efforts have been successful they've
been able to
to prevent many the species from becoming established
but again I I think the US is Ben a less acceptance is kinda thing
but that perhaps is the problem becomes more serious
knows societal attitudes change 'em
the finalization mention and the other management activity that
we use are bear years old said domestic for teens
army there we actually do have a very nice examples
from the Forestry realm in the United States Swissy
did gypsy was slow the spread project which has been it affects her
almost ten years are and his at the gym others butts
gradually expanding its range originally introduced your
near Boston are in the late eighteen hundreds
expanding its range and currently there's a a barrier zone exist as a
hundred kilometer
and running all the way from from the Canadian border to the Atlantic Ocean
and in that area a several traps are used to identify
the whole strategy with with just lost a should be noted
like love the species status gradually expanded what happens is that people
actually
boots I stages Headley FS front at these for these
isolated colonies which that grow and that coalesce
and so by finding these colonies a and retarding their crows
it's possible to just limit its spread it's a the these I say colonies are
Saudis a
Cheryl traps are over 100,000 Sharma traps are put out
in this band running from from Canada to the Atlantic Ocean
on it this this know how we all the shows up is just
child was starts each dot there represents one chairman chap
home and an this these data or
he had el GPS are used to to collect the data from his traps
are in the end audibly the critter traps are used to find these
is the colonies up say colony is found to be present at its treated
and then are what's the area it's treated at its
auditor to see if that IC colony is as been disappeared
up the treatments about 95 percent the treatments are done
a currently virginity while teasing be disruption
which is a a to non very specific agent
doesn't kill anything including jesse was just prevents
aiding up in this this approach have sold the spread with a spare your son
has been
I've pretty successful that private there's actually a pilot program
in the early 1980s did shifted to national program
are in a run 1994
and prior to this the program that the rate spread a bit around 21 clubs per
year
and it the date indicated the race president cut out
well below 50 percent Fleetwood was prior to that so
is kinda programs can be expensive becomes an expensive as programmers
costs about eight million dollars a year but economics research
test I'll rate
yes so a anyways so
arm in %uh now get a jumper callous shift gears
and are talk a little bit about arm
about impacts arm censure the something
that many if you're interested in are and
are in the same age before you know we have a multitude
love for as pest species posts atom
are are innocuous that is we don't really notice so damaged
are but a few observer particularly catastrophic
are it's all these are certainly shown in this slide
r1 I actually didn't show their arm is
I'll the Red Bay wilt disease which actually disease
southeastern United States affected by a
bipedal are its its the print the catastrophic category for its
looks like it's gonna kill bows to the bed pay sows
up the emerald ash borer is is also what I would put this callous
can't carry a catastrophic the
because sir it was only discovered in the United States
2002 up but it looks like
you know that we're not actually sure what it's going to do but is a good
chance that
he essentially limini the entire cheetahs
tracks strum from North America
by the time it's so are and chess a plate of course was
another good examples %uh catastrophic
arm it faces past it delivered complete
virtually eliminated a chessboard
American chestnut eastern North America are
and those are you sure that you know it though there were two BC
all we see our stop such as mertz and on
and occasionally the this trees they get to be about six-inches'
diameter before they they succumb to the disease
I'll so I'll so get these these cat these species that
deter cause catastrophic mortality are certainly the most support once but
the big question very official ecologically what's really
a.m. the ultimate result as these cats affect mortality factors
a phenomenon and course in in
arm in in forest ecology we know that
it with endemic or or the native species in sex very often play an important role
in in for succession are and
arm certainly are in many fours communities
are there there's serves you know daschle's cycle of for succession
associated with some sort of insect outbreak which which Bay
causes its for us to revert back to some sort morse
early successional for ski are
and understood goes through using up three hits samples and again that's
it would be really nice to explore more than this that the live without it I
really it going to be able to address
three of the aboard notorious sir arm
the SBC's are and are
answer for cease its gonna be Chesser plate before jumping into that
arm I think one of the important things to address it terms is
a especially eastern North America in the in the impact us
a exotic sources say seizes is that forests in the eastern united states are
very much
a a moving target up and this is because
I'll win when im sure the summit was your slur wesat when
europeans called iced eastern North America
essentially they've removed the entire forest are
and so what we're dealing with now is is or the aftermath
loves the a us the removals
us a source it so the dominant trend are
that we've seen is that in in this is really true for most
eastern states is that are many states
were predominantly agricultural land is now are
reverting back to 24 isn't and in no way
are the forests that we have sry much
eastern North America it's hard to say them
the summer exactly pristine in anyways probably
are very different in in many ways in then
source existed there in settle at times
are and so it's a legacy this great situation which we serve the public for
us that
the source are all very very much change are
it so we have to looking at the impact these PCs
has we have to consider it in the context is changed
it's already take place up so jumping right into does go
eurostar Chester plate which arm damage before certainly is one other
catastrophic
a species is a a fungal pathogen are
that was sought to as a but actually introduced
to New York City are in the truth century on
are probably aren't plant material that was introduce
nursery stock are but it spread very quickly through eastern North America in
by 1960 American chestnut was
by large it certainly is a dominant species
by large gone are and despite affected many stance throughout the at least
region chest what's you'd when it's really what i've
many very dominant species arm unfortunately there
in retrospect it would have been nice if there were more studies paid to
to tracer document the effects apps just up late
arm on the that
forest composition in North America
and so we really have limited information is or speculate on
on what really the effects have been but is certainly where the
nice days is one done by Dean monk back seventies and they actually had
%uh data that actually corrido a forest in North Carolina
that actually documented the the disappearance
us arm American chestnut and we could see that basically what happened is that
a in its place it that's
other species que bien and boasted that the the the dominance that
that are decreased as result us
have chess at disappearing was arm was taken up by
Oaks %ah and many should know that ok said a lot us
ecological properties that were fairly similar to chichester
to me that's not surprising arm but it in other studies
up this is a either stay buy back its civic and also the eighteen seventies
but this is from the Allegheny Plateau western Pennsylvania
they found a very different result that is in in Chester dominated stance
arm arm yet arm
many the stance have been replaced by Stan sitter dominated by black cherry
our business is very different result in its suggested
I'll a serious a tool paths were
for successional patterns falling the catastrophic
Portelli caused by chest up light are
and that's it in the dryer sites up we
see that Oaks decreasing their dominance
book in the more music sites that up
cherry's in and other species are
arm that that became important
in dominated the site so it's a it's a cut like a lot of things a complicated
things
and it in and it's a situation which i think is very typical are these
organisms that that that the the
changers are very much a specific to the
to the conditions that exist site in
as results for Gmail or or difficult to protect
apps that the next job species are gonna dresses
is gypsy moths which is certainly one of my favorite another three other people
straight hits but
arm at the distributions the Gypsy Moss is
is a very it's a very common a boss PCs through much of Europe in Asia
arm an a even at North Africa
and in contrast to do a lot of species where
are with these pieces we don't really know the details how they
how the they got a actually moved we could serve a leak yes
the day see but just what is actually know exactly how it got there that's
other we actually know whose fault it is arm and so
are we know there was this for this at Heliopolis
true flow who's actually I have to admit that I this July personal problems
search saturated sky in %uh he was actually
a in artist living in in bechard messages
suburbs Boston loves professional artist but Lake
he had a ape aperture interest its exit was his people like to collect
grow its X apparently but Jersey was pappas Europe
trip are and a that in his neighborhood
probably about two hundred fifty years after six accident occurred
arm the a large outbreak star in his neighborhood and
and it was recognized by the state government that
something to be done about this they try to eradicate arm
species up that these photos are just chilling ok
people are scraping egg masses of us trees its
be I'm sure many viewers dollars the story it's it's really interesting story
in its
up virtually sad that the eradication efforts were
successful I I think you in these days because we
on these days were actually it's much
it's very easy to replicate city of outbreaks because we have several traps
we have
or sectors that its you sexy Ariel
pesticide applications a more effective so it's rather unfortunate
despite a great effort went to replicate this piece see successful
'em so the story the gypsy moth because that the females
in North America few logic CMOS are not keep a loss like this beast
very slowly expanding its range are in
are the current distribution a course not something about where this
as black light is here in them
the the owner jerry rig shows where the suitable
shores archer's it's a are and are
you can see that it really hasn't got to solve the best for a skit
easterners America sir are in the
Ste this organism arm a like a lot of
other forests diesel leading species has a
episodic or periodic outbreaks arm
and arm in the last as if you look at the start time series
adjustables defoliation such a bitch that like love laptops have these
this species gets very high levels and a to levy
de folie alt remove all the full which trees in these these outbreaks occur as
what
episodic fashion we actually know that they occur periodically
are the last few %uh gypsy moth outbreaks haven't been at large but
the last word which started around 2006-2007
up has been pretty good a it
infected leaves the numbers I saw some 2008 which are child here
arm think Pennsylvania alone we had
over a million acres arm defoliation
so so it's the gypsy moths lay species once it becomes established just
continues to cause problems doesn't darlie wipe out a species Lakes HS up
late
or emerald ash borer but it certainly
cause problems just aerial photographs to relationship
Centre County thats 2007 are
so I in the APAC story socializes other solid feeding insects are primarily
arm gross loss but also mortality which usually
occurs when when he gets
maybe two or three years defoliation Road particularly when its associated
with
with up with heavy with
with drought and I should also mention that there are also a lot of us
arm secondary its X a insects and diseases
very often trees are we can buy chips Boston then
various insects diseases
all actually kill trees are so despite these stiff the big indexes
really isn't that much and let me know that too you know the church alaskan
can cause gross also noted cause catastrophic
mortality certain circumstances but the the overall regional impacts are that
while no this was the best studies what's
or one very nice study that was done back a by cancer back
nineties are to with the only a temp sensors measure
the impacts love loves its insect regional basis
are up where's he took an area in
the Poconos in eastern Pennsylvania area that
the nose been Haveli defoliant by the gypsy moth and then you store's
inventory data from
a over over ten year period to look at
what are the changes associated with Savita lesion and
are in a what he thinks he fight he found that
that up even certainly there's a question you can see the many these ok
species
are suffered very high levels cortelli this is
a the the amount of standing dead trees that were in these
a plus so you know somewhere fifteen to twenty percent of
up these trees were dead but despite this heavy mortality if you look at a
regional basis
the the actual total volume loves of alt
actually increased its this is kind of is kinda period
para a seems kinda contradictory and up
impossible to stand by thanks in part to keep my this even though
you're getting a lot of trees dying you're also getting lotteries third
rolling at the same time
and so are sick in the certainly the jersey let's not take
example this piece ever avi a.m.
yes that's causing first its posts case Oaks to disappear
are but even though it is having having Impax
arm are in the other thing about gypsy moths which is very important to keep in
mind that
as the sexiest Asian held our sites
in the late eighties were they looked at the effects on regeneration
even though you may not see hose disappearing are
from over story that the understory something very different
arm and effect actually this its e-commerce
displayed over dear his it
so you can see in these stance basically these
the stance is very heavy a defoliation
subsequent mortality the word the most abundant species was red maple
which hearst's the trend that's going on in a lot of ok dominates
even those that don't have jobs and the the the with the dominates
species differed quite a bit depending whether it's the or the dryer cites the
rigid Vallier
worries excites Allegheny Plateau but the
the important day you can see years there is a much ok
in the regeneration regeneration and in this
but buddy ken this reflects up this isn't
a trend that's necessarily do that I really do digiti fossett's probably
reflecting a trend that we see even in the absence chips
awesome ok dominate stance that's that that that we're not getting very good
generation probably has more to do with as purses
post in the chatbox airs at
up Dear are having a huge impact in gypsy moths have anything or just maybe
speeding along
this process that that's already there are it so
to to serve look at this day grammatically we see really is it
that that whereas ok C Street persisting
arm at least some extent in or dryer sites
the music stand armies excites ok since be
largely disappearing from the stance begin this is an entirely
due to gypsy moths it's a it's a process it's already there probably be expelled
along by
by deer browsing are other factors
Angeles just speeding process law
so now the the last are species are going to mention
a is beach Bertuzzi's are publishers oh say no. so many if you're a pic
something
that a is pretty awesome earlier risks
for lot of you and up Beach Bertuzzi's
we refer to as a disease complex because it includes both a its second this
season
the insect is a scale at 6:30 small its act that
that ditch that feeds are out
Parkash peach trees up this is an exotic species its
its data to Asian was accidentally introduced
are at the did speeding by the scale insect
allow it provides it entry clerk a tree court for
a for a several arm
parasitic fungi up in the genus Dec Sharia
are and these in till recently we used to think that at least one of these
such I was also nada ditches industry sleeve
us out that that actually both these PCs are atria
are actually a toast to you to North America so it's really only the scale
that sick but
that is it's only the scale insect that that's thats on
non-indigenous but it turns out that's stuffed
arena is essentially the scale that really sets the stage for the whole
problem
are as other in terms of the overall growth symptoms what you have associated
with
with with peach heart diseases is dieback trees
in and the we very of searches speech snap free of the tree will
or break midway up of and Zoe
its stance a bit heavily affected by peach heart disease
the associate with a large part of tree mortality
post I backed mortality up the disease was introduced
%uh the turn of the century Upton are Nova Scotia at the spin
gradually expanding its its range
three-course America arm
and up what is a really important things about peach again I'm sure most
believe youre sheler with us a could set speeches such
Tom it in your area is that it features is curious phenomenon does
a producing copious basil sprouts up and
Islas Forrester Research's PGL are
an it is resolved a very awesome what you have apiece for Disease killing
arm over story treaties arm are
the larger story trees this results intense
are a densities %uh speech saplings
are as you see it peace is the result is beach just never goes away
are the this is caesar's some be few years ago we we looked at
at summer to try to get channel tickets for the regional impact each part 2 C's
we took
for secretory Intel's data from the northeastern US
you could see certainly the areas where Pittsburgh seats tablished you can see
there's quite a bit of
standing dead peach and probably less
that elsewhere home arm
in elsewhere the US yet it's a good
to point out that yes beaches it's great firewood but
i'd of foresters a don't always other it doesn't necessarily have that many
characteristics make a great forestry species
so in a way it serves asleep this case it's a
probably laos forces might be happier to see the species disappear
which its not so arm it affects our to looking at the long-term
trance love arm us arm
up Beach Bertuzzi's a we begin with we turgid
source for Tori Italian state and one is that a
so we actually im are for should probably the slideshow she doesn't show
up too well by
computer pressure how are you could see that but easier for someone to read
elsa state a cause the the start basically summer in the lakeshore
40's early 50's it's essentially what we do is we took
are are a FA data and and
and calculated the amount of volume poster
American peach sugar maple these have wats is los peces
that that her alongside each other a lot of
are which stance on in and reached a deal black bars
are show the timing of up win
arm a beach part 2 C's became
established when was first discovered a adverse
let it be /c become it discovered that stated when it was
centuries tablished throughout the entire state it's a way you could see is
that
it to the interesting thing is it shows a curse a volume of most these species
is continuing this is volume
reach the species in as you see the volume all these beezies keeps going up
which is not very surprising since Sir the general
trend that we see a throughout the Northeast which reflects
again sir that the after massive agricultural band amid all these cancer
busy getting bigger are in
she service the the surprising thing is that there is a
really a remarkable decrease in in the dominance
a peach are the be there may be a few cases
ASEAN pets a deer neighbor looks like may actually be a little bit be up to
the amount of peach
but in most cases Beach volume just continues to to increase
arm and so again the situation with Swizz Beatz bird diseases may be
different than the others
in that beach just stays there and at the top minutes apiece just seem to be
declining
are and up the but maybe the more important characteristics
terms a total basal area may not be declared a but
the stand structure the structure these dances prolly being
heavily impacted are because is to have having lotsa
large peaches are in the aftermath for us we have
lots little speeches and this could have support
ecological effects sure many whereof up
what is a bit me apartments being that large features produce a lot of Bathurst
that peach seeds are very poor food supply for lot of
apart wildlife species so stance has been heavily impacted by peach part 2
C's
have had probably been heavily impacted in terms mass production
arm soldiers generalizing the these
ecological sex successional sex
us a exotic pest species I think it's important
are to keep in mind that stores are changing already and so
a in makes it little more difficult to generalize
so their PC tweaking the special chance are already in place
up and and in many cases the disturbance don't necessary reversed
are the succession trance arm in the the other final things I think it's
important to keep in mind is that
that that the the successional trance very much dependent on
site conditions there's see for example hi please turn local internet service
arm the last thing I want a ser point out before we close out here
is arm are did
we would over talking all along here about
pest species in trouble with behest certainly was its excuse me think Coast
as her before sorry these are trees that her actually she
insects that are ceding are trees are
but 00 is a pointed out I think that their craft that showed
earlier said you know bows to the exotic pest species
0 will the mideast are not not necessary past
in effect many these are not even heard for speed is that there are a lot of
us a in feeding other dishes species is
a insects did are that
they're not her before said really good example this RM
are ambrosia beetles that are these are species that
called ice is typically called allies dead
a would and you know we don't usually pay a lot of attention to them because
they're not
you know they're not kill trees but the ecologically the really important
because they decompose treason
in effect in many parts & Poor's American our finding out that
Lucy ambrosia beetles actually not a digit speaker
and one other reasons for this is because things like solid wood packing
material
are very he it's very easy to you have the Saints just
loaded with with these these its X colonize
deadwood answers result we have in North America we have
slaughters a exotic ambrosia beetles and other
pedals that the torch kill trees but that
but a reporter's the decomposition in it to be honest we have absolutely no idea
how's this is
affecting are a nutrient cycling I
that's affecting decomposition rates and so this is you know what are the many
are histories that that we still
love eat it too to cite you noticed clarify
and in the other thing i ID to point out to seize many the species that that we
say or not pass that are actually her
force they may also be cause a effects
are things like facilitating disease other the
spread that serves say that we just don't know about so
are I think sadly there's a very often a long lag time between
when exotic species arrives
let us recognize that it's a problem so the even over
I think there's been some progress made in terms close its of the
the invasion pathways up we're still gonna continue to see
a a lot of us do problems associated with us
invasions by forced sex seasons so
I think that is actually my class slight Peter
and seichas weaken d many people have questions
weaken the because people can just write them in the
the chat part is that right in
who
while I don't nobody knows I mean I I think the one thing that's probably
clear is that
you know that it isn't necessarily the more the merrier you know that
because I think what for what happens very often see these kinda things is
that when you
have one species becomes established in so dominant and that's usually the case
these powerful
expose be these ambrosia beetles is that they essentially out-competing exclude
I'll another species and and so is possible it again
we don't really no but it's certainly possible that
that some of these other species the invasive species may actually be
less efficient at decomposing arm
upward and this like he say this could affect carbon
cycles a lot of others think so we we really don't know
but Tom yeah and again it's a saying that first things we really don't know
what's what's causing a lot easier
these effects let's see
here the rest one hot question here we're
yeah
your
yeah ice I yeah I saw one
popped up earlier there which was served but I would sayer the top
for top five for problem the pics releases
an open letter will be the top five I would say for me I would say
interest %uh the species I've find the most scary right now is
is the emerald ash borer you know we refer to as he AP
um and this is because
you know week he was like a Save As probably became
established are in Detroit maybe in the early nineteen nineties
sweats absurd Lisa d'etre dispensaries d'etre chronological reconstruction
efforts
spread but wasn't discovered until 2002 are
at that time it was killing arm Lake
are billions loves a are thousands of trees
in the arm Detroit area and
arm a and a curse
in insist people be easy to solve all these trees were had ashey
yellows are you know ashes love disease problems but
it so when it was discovered in 2002 the sexually
exotic species the population already expanded to such a large area that it
was possible to eradicate
arm and so what's happened since 2000 his is discovered were kinda finding out
well what this
species does and it looks like in the areas where it's been established for
five or more years sets the result is that looks like it's just killing
maybe ninety-nine percent at the ash
so and you know there's there are some efforts underway to find biological
control agents
alright are in the cases that insect Lake
to be ours was mostly boring insects it hasn't been that much success with
with biological troll I think it's worth trying but I'm not really optimistic
that
Britain to find anything that that stops at and
so this species is probably I can say in
and all the doors are there some variation in terms of resistance to
today a sad sack arm but
arm it looks so far it looks like
alls the that none of the North America dash PCs really have
any substantial
resistance to this and sick time is an example that the
the it the ash in in Asia alerts dados
are virtually all resist see it's an insect only
latex dead and dying ass but here
it it can attack and kill perfectly healthy arm
trees IIT emerald ash borer in my opinion is
is the most scary for the recent Vader's the other
there's also I think I mentioned this arm
bed they wilt disease again not the Northeast addicting but it looks like it
will these months
that's correct maybe completely wipe out a species
arm arm I E and you know the other
group 7 have I'm sure many viewers North hemlock woolly adelgid its
helical it dealt it isn't one that that causes
a entire tree species to disappear were gonna
riddick continue to house eastern hemlock but
I i think that is in a research become established its cause
very high levels mortality are it so the results again the stroller situations we
don't really know
completely how this is gonna play out because Havelock
a sits sorry of its its most abundant right period areas
how this affects its extreme water chemistry temperatures
you know wildlife habitats it's hard to say it's a 'em
Asian longhorned beetle was another 1i think that many people
I'll in in in New York
area York State England states
slut sir about it because sugar maples
what if its primary host are n
I would say editor for those who don't know that it's your first was discovered
in
in New York that Chicago are and we thought that we had a radically
different
up at least we have the Misato as a revocation Chicago they're just this
year turned up again
but the scary thing about Asian longhorned beetles turning up in
it was to Massachusetts because it's the first law is over it
it's a very large population thats baby can be very difficult
apostle radically and the others it's the first time that we've ever see this
sect in natural you know it the wild
sized stricture but forces for supper seeing it in
in in natural for us an are
I A I don't think Asian longhorned beetle was gonna cause
some its I could be like emerald ash borer sets eliminating species but
I suspect it'll be a least
you know a thorn in our back the it still be a species
will certainly be colonizing dead and dying trees it may be perhaps
in years such as drought years populations by
pop up in in orbital many outbreaks but to be honest we don't really know how
it's going to play out
so it's just speculation so let's see I should split sees other questions
are a buoyant maybe I should go up to the event
working for the bottom up what's the
arm controls for Beach Park disease arm
I'm not familiar with whether there's any sorry lucia
it's a good question I I'm not sure sir you know sur la to show the
its urs Suresh in Jack injection do you know
rate
Road Road right so that its initial cry and I actually don't know
weather for beach scale if there's any if anyone's sir
developed a assistant lecturer say it actually was the funny things about
peach heart diseases that
to be honest a it doesn't get the attention that it deserves
good gussied up sir
believe you know it's service
you know with the jury is certainly a federal pest management agencies
there is a much interest in doing anything about it
so Scott fortunate arm
let's see Isaac tourists are someone as but ok we'll
are all
I didn't know so there's Oakland outbreak in Schenectady New York
let you know about that that ok lawless is really a serious problem but it's
so far been limited to arm
are the lake Lake States
Wisconsin Minnesota area in
arm also down in like Texas
those areas in arm in many cases it's actually the
arm somewhat more than urban problem
I'll because as you know get although to be honest with a lot of these
a sores and sixties in fact I've been involved in this as I think I mention
this project on
value the economic impacts us Ashish
other digits for SPS in where you really get into the big money is whizzer but
raises for his he'd know that
that that arm either that
anything click the causes largely
shade trees to die is can a
cause substantial economic impact and thats kinda been the case first
was ok lot in that you get these disease centers are
and and which then the
do saroo grafting whatnot the disease center spread out
but there's also been a lot summit the controversy that ok what about
whether it's indigenous are
are exotic and it certainly seems to be a case works it may actually be
indigenous to parts of North America in home
in but certainly the the air though
populations up to the lake States are are not native sir
arm maybe the populations did in in Southwest
are are nato's I had to be as I hadn't heard about a pig found in
it's connected sets its kinda scary
see with other questions
yaaay EA be is getting closer
and so its arm it's something
to be concerned about %uh implications for climate change me this is where the
sinks that
there's been a lot of discussion about how climate change
an non-indigenous species interact arm
in certainly what are the things is that is that we've
seen certain native species
native PS arm that as that apparently is resolved climate change
has been expanding their range it's a in the sense that become
biological invasions normally with biological invasions we think I've
species the fiction one continent to another
are as result list just path lace Lee little Salt Lick act mature a lot sir
but what's also happening at the same time it looks like it's that
arm certain species that may have where the range was previously is limited by
by climate say for example
cold winter temperatures as result of climate change
they've been able to expand the range in this has happened the problem was
spectacular example that is
this mountain pine beetle outbreak up in the northern Rocky Mountains
northern British Columbia Alberta where
this the out by Bill previously had never
personal record outbreaks the species up there because it's simply too cold
to complete generation and now with climatic warming going on as well as
in his words a perfect storm combined with fires pressure creating more stuff
suitable
trees the species has expanded its range
probably will be /c or that think
hearts are I'll
see each hi Blaine wood ash will be gone
the we're actually BJ days just working on this project is
you never try to model ash the spread of I'll
arm several dash for spread and
it'll probably and need water things into this with the interesting things
about
about that we're learning from arm when you look at the spread of all the
species is that
like a special for a gypsy must day if get these sir
a liar populations really jump ahead and and spread and
that's definitely the case with us Wis emerald ash borer
that you know even though that the the main focus is the population is in
the Detroit area we have these a liar populations
places like the server Ian Maryland
West Virginia Virginia are it says the presence the six greatly
arm facilitates spreaders PCs that fortunate they
is they're probably you know the weather big problems with emerald ash borer
which is same problem with say love these would bring its occasional orbital
same place we don't have
good methods for for fighting where they are
so there's really no question with several dash for
there are many more these a liar populations out there we just don't
know about it yet and we won't know about it until they've probably killed
home now is it reasonable they fall over
assaults head or something like that so I'll I suspect that emerald ash borer
spread is gonna be
sasser's then will go pretty quickly
there there's also there are efforts under way are
there's live effort in it rider como something like the slow the spread
prague programs for
emerald ash borer are but the big problem again is is that we don't house
a are we don't have sets
survey techniques is just the last bf these terrible track tech
traps are very sensitive tools for detecting these
you populations and we don't have anything like that forever last four
ray rape
year the troubles all these things is farcical
show
I'll because I R
L in the proper course is always Copp
camping so you know you have someone
other I mean I remember the day after they found
emerald ash borer in in home West Virginia driving
down the my local interstate here there is a
which a pickup truck with Indiana plates
in arm they have another tailgate open I could see its nice little
pile of firewood in the back and and I think what will happen slut rides at
Cedar
someone's gotta go to other camping trip and
they have a shower they're thinking she would be fun to take some
firewood along they've got a pickup truck so it would be hard to do that and
theirs is dead tree in my backyard or cut at Upton
take along and so the it's very hard to
you know I think it's a tough thing to get the message out to people
not do that it's difficult but
I mean I take them some places like it in Michigan now at the
mackinaw bridge they actually iron
andy is permanent but for a while they were actually running an inspection
station
in stopping cars expecting
looking for for fired
so the CE AB survey messages underused Monaro yes this is Steve
eat method of a fish %uh monitoring server
up emerald ash borer using this predation
lost which which I'll searches out
a cry love peep rested Beatles as spray
arm which sits pretty neat but unfortunately
it's probably difficult only have you know this problem with all the
with with with all these search sorry Beth it's
its kinda labor-intensive so this is the problem
you know to its with using even trapped researchers are kinda for the
made matters have been used to date are using
girl trees in that militaries are girls
in Turley's spring and then at the end to the summer there
dissected for ash for larvae
just tremendously labor text you can't do that
than so not sure many have you seen that the purple panel traps that
they were see can
reads total number how many thousands these for
deployed last year's via USDA funding and
arm the troubles are just not that
affected at X at detecting
as for populations
your I don't really know that much matters group but there
but I do know is that through most I've the
my understanding about is that let that in all the CLI ciated
formerly cleese you depart North America there were no
earthworms there no data for its Web site so all the earthworms
in those areas are exotic and
serve I guess I would put 'em largely in that category of some
a farm you know sir like this approach appeals that
there certainly is the certain dont charismatic
she has the trouble is that it with these are not charismatic species that
that they don't attract that much tension but ecologically could be having
just
a huge having a huge effect we just don't know
so are know I can say
United I noticed there's barely as far as I know I've
they're really just a few people doing research on
exotic earthworms in east across america sir
it just doesn't deserve the attention it deserves an its other things up
virtually
a I i think that arm
you know i think is pretty sweet lady I could sink before beach for two seasons
get that much tension part is probably it you know here is is tiny little
insect
are and where is something like East all or be launched soon ugent sect
probably it's a lot more attention are so
that's just the way it is but and i think is especially true for the species
that dot nursery
kill trees but maybe half affect things like decomposition
probably are having affects we just don't know
Ste
rate will suspend really nice because they didn't quite get up to
to brocco bothers a numbers $3.3 billion people watching is sir
in addition to the
year or maybe the 7 o'clock
the a disc or tell how say
a seat for three million people leave shift
hot dollar
it you think you know I wonder sets the band lets her
do you think I should try maybe I should try from a hole tonight
we should def late estate year yeah
really seasick it's it's not worse the Surrey doing anything up
he will have a laptop plugged into a docking station right now
yeah
yell though I probably although I would probably be connecting via wireless
which may be would be such a great idea no
you know
yeah I think it might be might be safer to do it here my office because
me the other day hopefully at seven there won't be anyone else here so
hopefully
there be more you know who knows maybe speedo people are downloading files that
Sir saying
it's a bit 7 there probably won't be so I I think it might be safe is just do it
here
your soldiers plan to come on
all I'll just drop rejoining at like 6:45 or so
okay so they're usually more
marsh
she wrote
it
okay
the
year okay good
year yeah
but