我非常喜欢这里的公寓 I’m really enjoying being here the apartments
就像是那些大多数的人们 Like so many people who’s
非常喜欢他们生长的家乡一样 just very much like my home where I grow up
我真的发现这里 I really find it here to be people
对于信息系统感兴趣的人来讲 who are interested in information systems
这就是家乡 我非常喜欢我们的讨论 and I really enjoy the discussion we had
这种持续不断的部分 This kind of continuing part of that
你知道的我们更密切的专注于 you know we’re focus on more closely on some of
一些信息系统研究方法 the information system research methodology
在这一领域 In this area
我要更加重视一些 I’m going to put more empiricism
行为方面的经验方法 on some of the behavioral approach
我也会转换话题 And I’m going to come back
来谈论设计科学 因为我认为 and talk about design science too because I think that’s
这在研究进展中非常重要 extremely significant in developing and I
并且我把它结合在一起 Yes as I bring it together
一些比较技术性的学习 Some of more technical learn
比如这个领域的发展 as the development of this areas and I think
是真正值得我们铭记的 it is something that we can really put our stamp on
那就是我们是谁 This is who we are
我将演示整个领域相关内容 I think it demonstrate what the whole field os around
那么我从哪里开始呢 So where I want to start
首先这是一篇写于1984年的文章 First this is a paper that I wrote in 1984
在那个时候 and at that time
我们只是看期刊 we were just looking at the journals
自然期刊 the nature journals
我们正在讨论 We were saying
在这个期刊里有哪些种类的研究 what kinds of research is being done in the journal
什么样的研究 我们需要 Just what kind of exercise to
尝试从期刊中挖掘出来 look at the journal to try to see in the journal
什么种类的研究 What kind of research
要做什么 What is being done
然后 这是从行为学的角度 And again this was from very much behavior perspective
并且这是它的一部分 and this was part of it
我要做的是使它有意义 What I was doing was to make scene of it
就像说 好吧 like saying all right
这是一段课文 here is a kind of text on
这是一种正在进行的事物 here is the kind of things that’s going on
因此回溯到1984年 So back to 1984
25年之前 25 years ago
在这25年中 over 25 years ago
在这个期刊包含了很多内容 this is pretty much what was going on in the journals
记载了相当多的内容 pretty much what was there
有一些定理证明 There is a little bit in terms of theorem proof
工程学内容 and a little bit terms of engineering
但是从实证的角度你会看到很多 but you are seeing much more in terms of empirical
你会看到案例研究 and you are seeing some case studies
一些调查研究 some survey
一些实地考察 some field test
实验中的实验 laboratory experiments
可能还有一点点.. And probably a little bit in terms of
在我们所谓的其它和 uh what we just called everything else
其它主观论点的角度 and everything else that is subjective argument
这是只有在期刊中的 which is just the kind of papers
这种论文可以看出 that were in the journal by seeing
学者说出了他们想说的东西 scholars’ saying what they want to say
这确实适合于目前的情况 That really fit in any type of local probe
在1984年的论文中 really quite a narrowing methodology
我们只使用相当有限的一部分方法 we were dominated in the literature in 1984
并且从 And from that
从我们开始看到一个不断延伸的界线 we began to see a expand line
甚至一些年以后 even a few years later
Galliers所做的和 what Galliers did and from Land
等一下 wait a minute
这段时间发生了很多事情 that’s a lot more going on
尤其是他们开始以一个更加欧洲化的方法 especially they came from more European prospective
他们的第一个研究更像是期刊方式的 And their first study is like more journal style
更加美式的方法 more USA based frankly
自从Galliers进入 From Land and Gallier come in
另外你知道的 in addition to you know
除去你经常写的东西之外 the kind of things that you usually report on there
在此还有一些什么其他的内容呢 what about other stuff was going on here
他们需要关注 they need attention as
信息系统方法的功能 function of information systems methodologies
因此 他们引入了方法 So they brought in things
例如预测和仿真 like forecasting and simulation
博弈理论 game theory
角色扮演 role playing
行为研究 action research
他们开始引入鼓励和 they began to bring in and encourage and
总结其它种类 in conclusion of other kinds of
方法论的方法 methodological approaches
这正是我们要做的正确的事情 It might be exactly the right thing to do
即使他们中的方法与 So even though there wasn’t much prevalence
那个时候的一些论文不是很相关 of some of these literature of that time
他们的感觉是 what they were saying was
来吧 我们让他们结合 come on let’s broad it up
我们让他们变得开放 let’s open it up
因此事实上 这个仍然在继续 And so in fact that continue to today
我发现一件事情 And one of the things that I found
我教的课上有来自很多 I teach in class where we have Phd. Students
商学院的博士学生 from all over the school of business
因此我不得不融入商学院 so I have to be familiar with discipline of school of business
而且他们在进行他们的研究 and they are presenting their research
和探索研究的方法 and research approach of methodological
你知道吗 我现在发现的是 What I find now is that
对于他们做的同一件事情 every student has a different methodology
每一位学生都有一个不同的方法 for at least the same thing they do
在某种意义上 这相当好 In some sense it’s really good
在工作和在方法学领域工作 to work in a era and area of methodological world
是相当不同的事情 a lot of different things
在另一个事情的另一方面 on the other thing on the other hand
我们需要他们回来并且说好的 we need they come back and say Ok
我们需要什么样的课程呢 What kinds of courses do we require
我们要用什么方式教方法学的课呢 What kind of ways which do we teach methodologies
如果每一个人都认为 If everybody thinks that
他们的方法学是独一无二的 their methodology is unique
那么你知道 我们如何教呢 how do we teach
我们怎样将人分类呢 How do we group people together
不仅仅是每一个人 It’s not just everybody
做完全不同的事情 is doing something completely different
但是识别出每个人 but getting everybody recognized
知道他们正在做什么 that which they were doing
和他们做的是如何与 and how they were related to that
别人正在做的事情相关 which other people were doing
所以我在最近两年的教课的过程中 And so s big part of my emphasis of last two years
强调的最主要的一部分是 in this teaching class is
让学生们去理解和 to get them to understand and
感激其他人现在正在做的 appreciate what other people were doing
而不仅仅是他们正在做的 not just what they are doing
而是试着发现和理解 but to come to present and understand
和感激其他人现在正在做的 and appreciate what other people are doing
因此他们才能 so that they become
开始他们自己的思想模式 and begin to create their own mental models
并且建立他们自己的 and their own sense of era of
同时混合了其他人的方法论的方法 Methodological approach mix in with others
和其余的多元化 and the rest of pluralism
我们使用的大多数方法 Now most of this that we use
是来自于其它学科 has been really appropriate from other disciplines
并且被应用到信息系统问题中的 and applied to IS problems
一些方法来自心理学领域 A lot of them come from psychology
一些方法来自教育领域 A lot of them come from some field like education
因此更确切的说 And so to some extent
对于大多数的部分 for the most part
信息系统不能创造方法 IS is not created methodological approaches
我们借方法论的方法从不同的 we borrow methodological approaches from other
学科 并且在工程学 科学和社会科学 disciplines and in the engineering science and social science
被带到了IS领域 and brought them in to the context of IS
什么是异常的设计科学 What’s exception is design science that why I think
那为什么我认为其中一个是非常重要的 is one of the things that is very important
最终会得到一些东西 It’s finally receive something
我们会在这个领域中留下我们更多的足印 It’s got more of our stamp on it
依照以方法论为核心的领域 in terms of methodology central to the field
基本上 在我们的研究中 Basically we were in our situation where
我们有许多定量 we have multiple quantitative approaches
和定性的研究方法 and multiple qualitative approaches
特别是在最近的10年中 And the qualitive aspect is coming to our research
质量方面已经融入到我们的研究中 in particularly in the last ten years
我们回到大约8年之前 And we are going back about 8 years ago
我们在香港城市大学所做的 what we did in CityU
我们将Land 和Marks 请来 We got Land and Marks to come to give us
他们给我们讲授一些关于定性方法的课程 a course on qualitive methods
因为我们看得到 because we were seeing in
我们看到定性方法在文献中使用的更加广泛 we were seeing qualitive methods become increasingly
变得越来越普遍 并且我们 prevalent in literature and in use and we are
将谈论一些 talking about some of those kind of things
我们做的事情尤其是在混合方法的环境中 we did particularly in the context of mixed methods
所以基本上 我们从一个有 So basically we’ve come from a relatively
很少关于常见的方法论的时代到现在几乎覆盖全部 small number of common methodologies
在过去的25年里 over last 25 years to everything
在这里 And within that
再次面临的挑战是 the challenges again to say
他们在中心领域工作 they work in the central areas here
并且得到我们的学生 and to get our students
并且我们自己来意识到 and ourselves to recognise
哪一种方法或者联合方法 which methodologies or combination methodologies
最适合于某类特别的问题研究 best suit particular problems
并且如何把它们成功的结合起来 and how to bring those together successfully
不要尝试把太多的东西放在一起 do not try to make several things in here
这会变成一个问题 it seems to be a problem
所以试着去做这样的理解 so trying to get that kind of understanding
对我来说这算是一个需要做的工作 to me it is a kind of work we engaged with now
这是我非常喜欢的一个来自爱因斯坦的引用 this is the quote I've always like form Albert Einsten
主要有两个引用 there are extraly 2 quotes
如果我们了解我们正在做的东西 if we knew what it was we were doing
那么它就不算做是研究 it would not be called research
它算吗 would it
我们就像是探索家 you know we an explorers
只是使用方法科学去辅助我们 and using methodology science just helping us
有些人说这么做很无聊 and it is boring somebody said
就像我们工作一样 we got work
我们努力尝试发现到底发生了什么 we are trying to figure out what is happening
同时还有另外一个引用 he also has another quote
我有时经常遇到 I need to find it sometime
一般来说 and basically says
你不可以在你创造出问题后去解决问题 you can not solve problems at the same level you creat them
所以我们平时做的事情的真实意义是什么 so what the meaning we really use
我们努力去处理和解决问题 we trying out to deal and solve problems
然后放到研究的领域里面 and do research areas
这很复杂 they are quit complex
并且我们同时需要 and we need also think about that
从科学的角度考虑 from methodological perspective
去了解如何做这些 to know how to do that
这是另外一个问题 that is another condition
我想我在努力地让 I think I try to get our students
我们的学生也真切的认同这一点 to really appreciate as well
研究是从一个问题领域开始的吗 is research starts with a problem area
然后学生们倾向于探讨它们 and our students have the tendency to talk
用系统的方式或者其他 in a system or something
我看到许多人彼此之间 I have seem a lot of people they are talking to
讨论问题是什么 each other what is the problem
尝试着引导彼此认识到一个大的问题领域 trying to get them to recognize the big problem area
在这个基础上 within which
然后他们开始把它们逐渐缩小范围 then they can start to narrow down
然后注重于某个特别的系统问题上 and focus on particular kinds of dynamic or systems
他们再继续 they are going on it
当发生在其他情况时 when it comes context
比如知识分享 for example knowledge sharing
我们通常都会认为知识分享是很好的 we generally think that sharing knowledge is good
我分享知识 你也分享知识 I share knowledge you share knowledge
就像我们现在做的事情一样 that is what we are doing now here
我们正在分享知识 we are sharing knowledge
但是如果我们再换到组织的环境中 but when we get into organizational context
有时候很难 sometime it is difficult to
把人们聚集在一起分享知识 get people to share knowledge
为了正确的分享知识 to share the right kind of knowledge
或者更有效的分享 or to share effectively and more efficiently
我们应该从何做起 how do the work begin with it
公司说 好吧 开始分享 companies say well share
我们说 好的 we would say well ok
然后我们怎么做 and what are we doing
我们让你分享知识 we are asking you to share
你就说我不知道 you will say well I do not know
我不知道怎么去分享 I do not know what to do that
那会发生什么 what happens as we got a lot of
当我们在很多情况和环境中 circumstance and situations that
需要涉及到知识分享 influence knowledge share
然后我们有了科技 and then we have got technology
所以信息系统 so information system who began to
将可以带入到知识分享中来 bring technology in here
我们可以肯定的说技术确实有所帮助 we will say technology do really help
在分享知识上 对吧 sharing information right
是的 那人们用它吗 yeah do people use it
有的时候 sometimes
他们能够按他们的需求使用它吗 do they use it in a way which they intend to
有的时候 sometimes
我们如何使它变得更常用 更有用呢 how we get it more used and useful
在任何情况下 for any sections
很多这种问题开始出现 a lot of these kinds of questions began to come up
我们都同意 We can now agree
共享知识是很重要 it is importance of knowledge sharing
我们已经开始尝试 We finished which we have then begun to try to
理解所有的关系 understand all the relationships
即那些属于不同种类事物之间的关系 between all these different kinds of things that go on
以及在这里信息系统是如何发挥作用 And how information systems become in there
这的确使我们的生活越来越好 And really help make the life better
使我们像学者那样来完成工作 It really afford you working like a scholar
所以 在这种事物中 So in the piece of the kinds of things
我们试图去帮助我们自己 that we try to do and intend to help the
更进一步地理解我们遇到的问题 develop the deeper understanding of the problem
我们以博弈的观点来看待事物 We use things like game theory
这个视角起到非常好的效果 that works very well
我喜欢 I like it
在所有的研讨会上 And all the seminar
我们目睹了 不同国家学习方式的出现 we began to see you know national learning occur
我认为我们可以在组织内找到这种情况 I think I can find that kind of stuff in organization
或者提出相反的解释 or I think that opposite explain
从某种程度上来说 You know to some extent
在组织环境中发生的事情 what can occur in organizational context
都可以加入到案例研究中 all it can lead this into a case study
以便我们做更深入的研究 where we can now dig more deeply
就这种商业中心来说 You know intend to this kind of mart
我们做的很多事情都与 So a lot of things we can do in term with
博弈论 流程建模 数学分析 game theory process modeling mathematical analysis
仿真 建立并实施原系统 simulation create and implement a prototype system
分析档案数据 收集新数据 analyze archival data gather new data
大家都知道 You know
这就是我们也许能够做的典型事情 it is typically something that we also might to do
所以我要告诉各位确定每一步是很重要 So I tell people it’s very important to set the stage
并且竭尽全力做事是非常重要的 and it’s very important to do as much as you can
为理解这些事情带来的优势 to understand a lot of these kinds of benefits
但是在一些时间点上 你很可能需要 But at some point time you probably get need to
收集一些差距信息并当把组合它们时 gather some new gap and when you bring together
然后将差距信息和对现状的理解相联系 with this understanding of what’s going on
如果想要发表 就应该实现这些 Publications really like this
因为你可能会马上学到新知识 Because you will immediately get something new to know
但是你需要构造一些事情 But you are also building on something
它们具有坚实的基础理论 that has sound foundations
而且这是期刊非常欣赏的一点 And so it is kind of thing journals really appreciate
在这种环境下 So in that context
我们有两种研究方式 we have two really domain kinds of both of things
一种是定量研究 一种是定性研究 One quantitative research the other qualitative research
我想要谈一下这些理论 So I’d want to talk about both of theories
并且也要讨论一下如何将它们融合到一起 and talk about how they mixed well
以及哪个可以增加收益 and come together which is increasing income
并且从定量的角度看 and from quantitaive respective
同时还有一些其他的方法 with also couple of ways we got doing
清楚的是我们可以采用归纳方法 Clearly we can be inducted
这里涉及到很多欧洲的传统 This has been a lot of European tradition
这些停留在观察阶段的欧洲传统观念 and European tradition standing in lots of observation
作为理论发展的基础 ground the theory developments
有很多不同的模式在里面 lots kind of distinguish patterns there
然后他们开始建立试探性的假说 and they are beginning to develop tentative hypothesis
形成理论 这很管用 theory that works
但是我们可以从另外一个方面考虑 But we can also build the other way round
我们用这种丰富的理论体系来支撑他们 We have a huge body theory install them
我们羞愧于立刻采取行动 and we really be ashamed to not take action that
坦白地说 Frankly
大多数都确定了相关原则 and most confirms reference disciplines
但是这里有很多种理论 But there are all kinds of theory
和这些理论相关联的文献 and all kinds of literature that goes along with the theory
这个可以给出一些可能的见解 That can give some possible insight into
见解针对于正在发生的事情 what’s occurring
现在回想一下昨天我们所说的 Now just back we said yesterday
我们记得大部分理论 we remembered the most that theory
在这个情境下得到发展 was developed in the westen context
在中国他们耶适用吗 Is that mean they are applable in china
不可行也没必要 No way Not necessary
也许是一些 这些东西并不奏效 Probably some of there probably get something that don’t work
所以这个渠道可能成为一种方式 So this channel that the deductive approach
即是利用这种理论体系的一种方式 of taking advantage of body in theory consults there
坦白说 他很管用 It is really quite useful frankly
我们可以从理论演绎出假设 From that we can develop hypothesis
观察和证明 observation and confirmations
通常我喜欢的是 And so usually what I like to encourage is that
利用这种机会 we take advantage of this kind of opportunity
利用外部的相关事务 take advantage of this things around there
从这个视角看理论是十分有用的 and theories from that perspective becomes very useful
这就是多方法的健壮性 it is multi-methodologically robust
他帮助识别概念 构念 It helps identified concepts constructs
变量和测量标准 and variables or measures
这一点尤为重要 This is especially important
当我们招收新的学生却没有商业经验 When we have new students don’t have business experience
如果你没有很多商业经验 If you don’t have a lot of business experience
你就没有办法融入组织 you have been out there organizations
把其他相关的一同考虑进去是有用的 It is useful to take a level of some other things
我们可以从历史的角度看 we can consider historically
他们说好吧 They say well
这并不意味着这种差异导致事情发生 It does not mean it is going to be occur in the gap
当每人都给你一些问题去考虑的时候 when everybody might give you something to think about
这些领域应用于特定的组织环境中 These area look into particular organizational situation
这也可以帮助你进行环境的保护 That can help you every guard
帮助你明确分析单元和对象 Help you clarify units of analysis and the subjects
帮助识别合适的文献 Helps identify appropriate literature
尤其是当我们进行 So especially when we were engaged
首次研究的时候 in our first research studies
非常不错的是 It is really good
当我们可以查查文献来看 when we be able to look into the literatures
前人的工作成果 to see what other people have done
以及查询这些可以接触到人 and these people who can also be contacted
我也告诉学生 I also tell my students
文章的作者你非常的喜欢 去google他 author in the literature are really like go google them
找出其他相关的已完成的事项 Find out what other things he have done
顺便 我们还可以找到电邮地址 By the waythe e-mail addresses probably there too
我猜测有一个问题你也许会问 And guess what you know if you ask a question
你说我读过你的文章并且我真的很欣赏它 you say I read your paper and I really enjoyed
但是我有一个问题 这样大多数时候你都会得到答案 but I have this question most time you will get the answer
这个问题很有用 hey that is useful
文献并不都是老的东西 You know so the literature is just not old stuff
文献也可以是活生生的 literature keeps alive
作者都是真实的人 他们人都很好 The authors out there were real people typically quite nice
尤其是当我们夸奖他们的文章的时候他们都会一直说 especially like we to say appreciated paper
谢谢 Thank you
论点提供了一个研究着手之处 So theory can provides starting point for doing research
让我们有信心进行的研究 you know with confidence
我认为这点是非常重要的 I think that is something very important
尤其是对那些 especially for the people
首次做研究项目的人 who are doing some of their first research projects
给他们更多的信心是有好处的 You know giving them more confidence is good
理论课程使得他们能够 And organized course by theory enables them
比较一个理论体系的结果 to compare with results into construction of a body of knowledge
与另一个理论体系的知识 and to the body of knowledge or something
所以它在很多方面都很有用 So it is useful in a lot of ways
但是正如你知道我所说的即使 But you know as I said that even though
这里有很多理论原因的例子 there are examples of a lot of good theories
我有一个 动因理论 要推荐 there is a reason action to refer
我们通过人们的理论依据做事 you know we do things with reason we are people
你们找到构建的连接从而思考更加专业 you find link of construct think about more specifically
当你在拿到数据的时候 as you got your data
你可以得到类似媒体同步那样的理论 You can get things like media synchronicity theory
我喜欢这个理论 I like this one
因为是我学生的理论 because these are all my students'
Dennis Fuller 和 Valacich Dennis Fuller and Valacich
他们都是我的学生 they are all my students
现在他们找到了重点 And so now they’ve gone into the point
他们开始去发展和创造 where they begin to develop and create
他们自己的一些理论涉及信息技术 Some of their own theory about how information technology
如何进行互动可以更好地 begins to interacting can be better
应用到一些标准化的分析当中 used in some certain standard analysis
我说 那很好 我很乐意看见这样 I say that’s good I’d like to see that
因为我们做了一些演讲 Because I talk about something like reason lectures
就是要特别注意一些媒体 to give some specific kinds of attention to what media
信息技术可以做什么和不可以做什么 what information technology might be able do or not do
以及从它们那里期望获得什么 and what we might or might not be able to expect
所以这类理论和持续不断的发现新的理论是有用的 So the kind theory and continual developed theory is useful
已经说过 理论并不适合所有的事物 Having said that theory is not good for everything
首先如我所说的 Because first of all as I mention
如果理论是在西方国家发展的 if theory is developed in western context
如果只是简单地应用到中国 and you just try to use it and apply in china
它仅仅是不正确的 It is just not right
很可能只是我回答的一部分 Parts of my reply most likely
你发现了新的事情 那很好 you discover new things that is good
你保证你做出了贡献 You guarantee you definitely make a contribution
理论可能很有用 Theories can be very useful
但是同时理论也需要被视为一种辅助的方法 but also theories need to be considered as one kind of help
一种帮助 one kind of assistance
当你在考虑着把它引入研究之中的时候 As you begin to involve it into things
这儿有个关于我们刚开始研究并没有理论的例子 This is an example we started out without theory
并且我会展示给你们看之后发生了什么 and I will show you what occor from that
这是我一个学生做的研究 他叫做 jiangxi this is one of my students just do this job Jiangxi
我们只有两种总体上更好地理解 We have just two kinds of in general better understand
组织奖励怎样影响知识的共享 how organization reward effect the knowledge sharing
我们试图帮助组织奖励 We are able to help organizational rewards
正面的影响知识共享 posivitely influence knowledge sharing
但是这种影响还会受到交换思想观念的调节 but the effect was reflect on Exchange ideology
人们怎样自然的交换知识 how comfortable are people exchanging knowledge or not
好 你知道 第一感觉是 Well in yourfirst plot will be you know
如果人们自然地转向交换知识 if people convert general comfortable with exchanging
就会促进更多的知识交换 knowledge that could be courage more knowledge sharing
好 我们将得到一些数据 Well here we would have to get some data
这些数据是由MBA学生调查的 did a bunch of surveys by MBA students
有个案例询问很多人他们在思考什么 Here is a case asking lots of people what they think
高度现实的合理性 Reasonably high degree of realism
在那时我们并没有做 At this point of time we was not doing any kind of
没做实验室实验检验处理 and wasn’t doing laboratory experiment to test treatments
具有很高的严格性 with high degree of rigor
这只是探索的一种形式 this was just a kind of exploratory
同时在这种意义来讲 它不算做是实地研究 And it also can not be field study at this point
因为它是一般的探究或者调查 because it is general exploratory and survey thing
现场研究是一种好的方法 Field study is a good way
因为一旦你理解一些事情的基础 because once you get basic understanding of something
那么你就能继续做下去 then you can really go after it
但是在这个特殊的案列中 but in this particular case
发生的是交换观点负面地影响 what happened was exchange ideology negatively affected
报酬和知识共享的关系 the relationship between reward and knowledge sharing
这个合理吗 does it make sence
所以我的第一个问题是你确定你做的分析正确吗 so my first question was you sure you did your analysis right
确定没把某些什么弄颠倒了么 sure you didn't turn something upside and down
结果显示它没有 turned out this was pretty much
那么数据是什么呢 What the data set
只是一种调查方法的问卷 Just from this kind of one exploratory survey
去外面问了全部的成百或者上千的MBA学生 and going out asking a whole hundred or thousand MBA students
所以然后我们就开始思考原因了 so then we start to do
这就又是为什么他们经常强调理论的重要性的原因 This is again why they always stress some importance of theory
因为结果显示呈负向的调节 because all this said here is a negative modulatory
当你期望是正向的时候 when you expected to be positive
你说到底发生了什么 And you say what is going on
好吧 开始再看看理论怎么说 ok start to take a glance of theory
另外一类事情发生了 so another kind of thing begins to coming
社会交往在这里 Social exchanges here
开始给你一些想法 Begins to give you some ideas of what might be going on
在意识形态的背景下 in the context of ideology
而且 在这个案例中 Also in this case
它有结构化的思考 it has structure of thinking about
什么是知识共享的可视性 what is visibility of knowledge sharing
换一种说法 Another words
如果你有对知识共享感兴趣的人 if you get people who were interested in sharing knowledge
但不能多可见性是 but can’t much visibility is
人们真的知道谁是否在做知识分享还是没有呢 do people really do know who is doing knowledge sharing or not
以及他们之间如何相互影响 and how do this begins to interplay there
她开始思考寻找组织的联结或颠倒 she gets to think seek junction of organization or reverse
因为在信息系统中 Because in the information system
支持知识共享的环境 supported environment with knowledge sharing
你想给他们多少 how much credit and how much recognition
信誉和赞誉呢 do you want to give to people
是否要鼓励他们分享呢 and whether to encourage them to share more or not
或者如果他们有倾向于或者想要分享更多 or if they tend to share if they love to share more
平常而言就应该更加的鼓励而不是不鼓励 in general that was futher encourage than was disencourage
对于那些不愿意分享知识的人 For those people who don’t like to share knowledge much
将得到认可和鼓励 will be recognized and encouraged
他们开始思考 They start to think all this kind of
在发生的事物的联系 the combination of things that go on
然后你会说 哇 so now the same you began to say wow
我们现在开始找一些理论 We are gonna to find theories
开始思考像搭便车这样的事情 so you start to think about things like free-riders
还有一些其他的理论 and a couple of other kind of theories
你试图得到一个更好的理解到底是怎么回事 You try to get a better sense of what might go on it
长话短说 To make a long story short
现在这个看起来讲得通了 this now then begin to start to make sense
这里的解读是 What begin to occur on here is
认识到这里有潜在的相互作用 the recognize there were the potential interactions
关于调节变量间的潜在的相互作用 of moderators on moderators
开始用那种方式进行思考 and beginning to think about that way
我们发现在这里的相互作用 We begin to see the interactions that were going on in there
这才有了意义 And all of a sudden it makes sense
在那种情况下 In that case
你可以积极地影响知识的共享 you can positively influence knowledge sharing
通过组织奖励 through organizational rewards
拥有正确的知识的可视性 that have the right combination of visibility
结合和技术的应用 of knowledge and use of technology
去做相互联系 to go interaction with there
并且针对不同的人 and for different kinds of people
同时有句话叫做 and what also says that
萝卜白菜各有所爱 different strokes for different forks
你应该有不同种类的奖励 you have to have different kinds of rewards
在不同的情形 for different kinds of situations
因此 开始去探究事物进展的内在因素 So begin to give some inside to what is going on there
但是这个模型还是不能给出 but it still doesn’t give the answer
在组织中情况将会是如何的答案 as what might going on the organization
所以你现在是表面上的了解了 And now you are a kind of apparently
回顾理论并能更好理解 review the theory now we got a bit better understand
潜在所发生的 potentially at least what is going on there
然而 他仍然不能 but that still doesn’t tell us
在组织的背景下 in the organizational context
用特殊的知识管理系统 with the particular knowledge management system
组织将会或者可能会 what that organization should or could do
并且他们的应用是怎么样的 and what the application for that are
她又做了如下的工作 She begins to take another step
我想要说的是 and what are the things I want to mention
来讨论更多关于社交网络的内容 talk about these more in terms of social networking
结构方程建模是很重要的 The importance of structural equation model
因为当她开始进行一个复杂的模型时 because when she starts to get into a complex kind of models
这个模型比较简单 and this a very simply one
当她开始做一个 when she starts to get in to models
拥有很多自变量和因变量的模型时 with lots of independent variables and dependent variables
你会怎样了解它的意义 how do you make sense of that
并且你怎样使用数据 And how do you use statistics
去支持你提出的论点 to support the argument that you make
这时就会有人说 You know that kind of people would say
是的 你是正确的 Yes I think you are right
结构方程建模已经成为 Structural equation modeling has been modeling techniques
非常流行的建模技术 that is specially in vogue
在过去十年的学术领域中 all over the last ten years in our literature
并且这种方法要追溯到25年之前 and it goes back about twenty five years
但那时你很难 But at that time it was so hard to do
如果你已经是一个统计学家了 if you were not already a statistician
圆满的做到 You just couldn't creditably do it
但现在可以 But now it’s easy to do
通过期刊人们知道现在得人可以做到 In journals people can see you can do it
并期望更多 and expecting you do it
所以你在这样一种情况下 So you are in a situation
有相当多的因变量和独立变量 there are a lot of independent variables
和他们之间的变量关系 and dependent variables and relationships between things
你可以尝试去解释 and you are trying to explain
在组织情况中正在进行的事情 what is going on in the organizational situation
如果你没有结构方程模型 If you do not have structural equation modeling in there
评论者就要去寻求原因 there reviewers are gonna to ask for why
它是如此的简单 it is just that simple and not difficult
所以结构方程模型 So structural equation modeling
是一个强有力的 really gives a powerful form
具有变量关系 of model testing complete with variable
重要性的模型检验形式 relationship importance
并且在确定理论模型 and it is useful to determine the extent to
被样本数据支持的程度上是非常有用的 which a theoretical model is supported by sample data
因为 Because
模型完全被支持是没有可能的 it is not always you completely supported
并且你渴望知道 and you would want to know
被支持与不被支持的程度的什么样的 how much the model is supported and how much is not
其中有多少解释清楚了 多少没有 How much the variance explain and how much left out there
以及你想要知道那种关系方式更强大 and you’d like to know which relationship is stronger enough
你有几种易用的分析工具 We have good tools they are easy to use
其有效性针对于不同问题 and useful for different kinds of things
PLS适用于小样本 PLS is useful for smaller sample size
PSL是免费 最好用的 the smart PSL is free No.1
并且相对的应用起来很简单 and it is also relatively easy to use
休斯顿的一个学生 A student from university of Huston
应用PLS is someone who particularly applied it
并且在早期为PLS的应用提供了创造性的贡献 and do part of creation of PSL in the early days
现在他在阿拉斯加 he is now in Alaska
AMOS是一种广泛应用 AMOS is one that applied widely
并且在营销学领域是非常高效有用的工具 and in some of marketing area very useful very good
线性结构关系是介于 LISREL is across
这两种之间的更简便的方法 the two and is much easier doable
问题的关键是我们有工具 The point is that we have the tools
但是关键在于 but the point is
你需要确保你有模型 you have to make sure if you have got the model
你有思路 and you got the thinking
并且用这种方法进展所有的问题 and got all of the things that come along the way
所以你仅仅收集了数据 So you just now take in the data
并且将所有的数据应用进这种方法来看有什么发生 and throw all in there and see what happened
当你去做的时候 When you do
我可以保证 that I can guarantee
你的期刊论文的书写会有大的麻烦 that your journal paper is in big trouble
并且 你将得到反馈 because you will get a come back and see
我看不到 that I don’t see
你论点的发展体系 the systematic development of your argument there
我们看到 I don't see it
它看起来就像是一个非法调查 it looks to be a fishing expedition
那些对你来说是很遗憾的 Those are bad things that happen to you
当你正在做一项研究 When you are doing one of the studies
并且当你据顶发表 and when you are going to publish
在一本顶级期刊时 in one of the top journals
你必须确定你是在进行一次远征 you must make sure that you are match a long way
例如说 在阅读上有错误 for example here is the problem reading here
在研究问题上有错误 is the research questions
如何运作 问题在哪 方法在哪等等 How it’s going on here’s why and here’s how
一步步按部就班 all the way through
最后再得出结论 And then you’re saying there’s the result
现在这篇文章才有希望 and this hopefulness now
并为论证提供依据 Provides support for arguments
我将要着重 I will talk about this more
在第二部分关于社交网页的 in a particular study in the second part of our talk here today
特殊研究上谈论一下 I talked about here evidence of social network
有很多应用 It has lots of applications
但这仅仅是一个在这里的结果 But this is just one of the results here
结果前两天提到 It turns to mention couple of days ago
我们准备找出 we were ready to find out
学生用于互相交流 what students were using to interact with each other
并且它对于大学来说也很有用 and it is useful too in a university
这不是一个学习管理系统 It wasn’t a learning management systems
它并不是我们平时做的那种有结构的事物 it wasn't a kind of stuff that we were doing as a structures
它是facebook it was facebook
他们每天平均至少上4次 facebook they are average on it 4 times a day on facebook
Facebook社交网站是人们 Facebook is a primary mechanism for people
相互联系的主要机制 to interact with each other
并且需要考虑的一个事情是 And one of the things we began to think about is that
我们学到的东西不仅仅是我们从书本上看到的 education is not just what you learn from books
也是我们从其他人 and education is also what you learn from each other
和联系的其他学生那里了解的 and what is your in value interactions with other students
同时也来自于 and sometimes between students and the instructors
在一些社交网站环境下的学生和教师 in a more socially network and more network can...
你开始拥有更多的全盘的了解 You begin to have more holistic learning
你开始知道怎样去学习 and you begin to learn how to learn
你开始在你的所学中建立起自信 You begin to have more confidence in your learn
并且你开始更加感激将要发生的事情 and you begin to appreciate what’s going on more
我们试图扩大我们在教育上的接触范围 so we were trying to expand what we were doing from the education
一些前景实体比如Broders Arenas 意识到 prospect entities kinds of Broders Arenas recognizing that
我们相互交流的人 we interact with people
科技也是如此 and technology do so
并且这个符合 And this is consistent with
我们正处于的环境 what we are doing is the institutions
在这种环境下人们互相交流 通过互联网互相进行联系 that we are interacting and networking with each other
并且国家也可以通过互联网相互交流 and the countries are networking with each other
所以这是一个图画中的众多部分 So this is all parts of a big picture
所以我们的动机是真实打算去看它如何 So our motivation is really trying to see how it
应用于一个教育背景 exists now beginning coming into an education context
以下是结论 Here is the results
以下是物流与供应链管理结论 These is the PLS results
所以这个给了我们一个机会 So this gives us a chance
去解释一些事情 to explain some of the things
此后我们将要从细节方面讨论 And we will talk about in details later of
模型的含义是什么 what the implications are
在这种情况下 In this case
我们对一下几个方面感兴趣 we were interested in several things
自我效能理论 Self-efficacy belief
你对自己满意吗 are you comfortable with yourself
社会接受 Social-acceptance
你对其他人满意吗 are you comfortable with other people
文化适应 Acculturation
你已经成为了大学环境中的一员了吗 are you becoming part of the university environment
在对数情况下 We found that in most cases
一些都是统计准确性高的 those things were statistically accurate
并且得到了一个很强的关系 and there is a strong relationship
自动的 哦 我今天早晨已经讲过了 automaticly I have talked about it this morning
我们讨论一下模型结果的隐含意义吧 in terms of what is the implication does summary the result
在自我评价的环节中 In terms of self-esteem
我们可以看到R方是56.8% we can see that the R square is 56.8%
并且在变量中得到了非常好的效果 and it is pretty good in terms of amount of variability
通过社会接受度和文化认同有近60%的 we offer that 60% range of self-esteem through social acceptance
自我满意评价 and culturation We feel pretty comfortable
有57%的方差值 这个结果很好 In dealing with 57% variation that's pretty good
在自我评价的环节中 so in terms of self-esteem
社交网络确实帮助了学生 we got clearly with online Social network is helping
对于学生的自我评价而言 students’ self-esteem
对于他们大学生活的满意度 Satisfaction with their university life
我们可以看到的是47.7%的差异 we can see that 47.7% varience is out there
效果也是相当好的 that was pretty good pretty strong
有什么事要做来应对GPA呢 Is there anything to do with the GPA
社交网络开始帮助学生 Does online social network helps people do better
去达到GPA最高点了吗 in terms of traditional GPA
没有 No
另外有90%的不可以测差异 There is another 90% of unpredicted variance
指出 that going on out there in terms of
什么是真正影响学生成绩的条件 what is really happening with students’ grade
虽然这只是说 While that just says that
这个模型并不合适 this model is not good for that
这个模型对于这些事情 This model is good for things
诸如自尊和大学生活满意度是有益处的 like self-esteem and satisfaction with university life
但它并没有告诉我们从GPA的角度来说 But it does not tell us anything
需要做什么事情去帮助学生 about what to do so students
表现的更好 can perform better from a traditional GPA perspective
所以这是一个关于 So this is an overview of
学生社会化学习的概述 social learning of the students
我们发现在教育中 A couple of other things we found that
并没有性别的差异 there is no gender difference
你知道 You know
所以你总是 so you always
在检查 put this kinds of things you always checking
人们是否有 if there were gender difference or some difference
不同之处 in the population
并且 在人们当中 But the population in this case
存在着很小的学习水平的差异 turns out a little bit difference
者激励了我们 in this case this is someting that was encouraging to us
对于在第二年 For students that were at the second
或者是第三年水平的学生 or third year level
相较于一年级的学生 as composed to the students at the first level
他们倾向于在学术环境中 they tend to make better use of social networking
要更好的利用社交网络 in the academic environment
并且他们开始看到它是如何有用处的 and could really begin to see how it might be useful
然而尤其是一年级的学生说 While especially the first year students said that
你知道 这是为了玩 You know that this is for playing
为了学习 and this is for learning
我们为什么不认为它们是一起的 why don’t we even think they were together
而二年级和三年的学生说 While the second and third year students say that
我们可以开始看到 I think this could begin to see
彼此的结合 where some of this could come together
它们帮助我们 and they help us
得到一个更好的学习结果 to get a better learning outcome
但是我们还有很长的路要走 But we have a long way to go
图表的意思 The figure means
是它能提升GPA的表现能力 it can increase the GPA’s performance that 297 on top
它是一个自动的显著关系 It’s a significant relationship but automatically in the end
最终与预测的没有显着的差异 it is not much very variance that predict
所以这样的事情 So that’s the kind of thing
我喜欢关于结构方程的模型 that I like about structural equation model
在这种情况下 In this case
很多事情是有意义的 it turns out almost too many things were significant
一切都是有意义的 Everything was significant
但是当我们去看差异性的时候 but when we came out to look at the varience
可以帮助我们去解释 并且这个值不是很大 that really helps to explain and it is not much
这是非常有趣的 It is interesting to see it’s OK
这可以帮助这个模型 差异值可以帮助我们 this model helps us from varience was in here as a kind of way
作为一种使我们得到自尊和满意度的方法 we get self-esteem and satisfaction
但是我们着重看 but it says in terms of figure on
我电脑电源的声音 that was my power
从导师的角度来看 in terms from the instructor from educator perspective
这种事真的影响他们的绩效 this kind of things is really influencing their performance
有三个路径出现在图上 Is there three figures that present on the top
这儿有三条路径 There are three different ways
第一条是自尊 The first one is for self-esteem
第二条是满意 第三条是成绩 the second is satisfaction and the third is GPA
你是对的 You are right
他们都是正向显著的 It’s positively significant
你知道 如果感觉更好是有意义的 You know and that make sense if you feel better
GPA只有一条线 that is only one way to the GPA
其他的都不是 and then the other kind of things is no
社会认可和文化适应 your social acceptance and acculturation
这有一点可怕 this is a little bit scare
因为你在考虑文化适应的影响 because you are think acculturation with these kind of effect
然后你静下心来仔细想想 对于低年级的学生而言 and then you come down you look at for the first year students
所以我们应该去鼓励学生提高他们的GPA成绩 we come to encourage to help these students to improve their GPA
不 不能那么做 但是你可以说等等 no that is wrong but you can say wait a minute
我们可以对二三年级的学生做调查 we can survey with second and third years students were doing
他们开始刻画自己 They began to figure themselves
他们开始适应 they began to figure
怎么可能符合提高一些绩效 how might possibly fit with improving some academic performance
因此 当这些事情立刻探索 So when the things is exploring right now
它是方程的第二部分 it’s just talk about little more the second part of the equitation
这就是我们所做的 It’s what we do about that
教育工作者又怎么样呢 what is the educators now
我们开始做和探索 We begin to do and explore
让我们看看什么是适合加入的 let's see what can fit in
什么有意义 什么没有意义 what makes sense what doesn’t make sense
本研究是一个早期的研究 This study was an early study
给了我们更多的动力 that gives us more motivation
绩效的发展 what’s going on the performance
所以这让我们有另一个假设 So this lead us to another hypotheses
那就是我们想要在第二部分讲的内容 and that is we want to talk about in the second part
但是通过以上的例子你看出来为什么结构方程模型很有用了吧 But did you see to use the quick example that why SEM is useful
它是有用的帮助理解 It’s useful for help with respect to understanding
你现在做的如何 where you are now
而且变异差表示解释了变量的多少 but also the varience explain by certain variables
并且帮助你识别出你还可能需要做的其他研究工作 but also helps you to identity what you need do more research
因为很明显 我们在这种情况下 Because clearly the varience in this case
并且这是作为教育者的一个核心的课程 and this is one of the courses heart as educators
所以结构方程模型是非常有用的 So structural equation model is really useful
这代表了我们一直所做的统计 it represents the on-going application of a lot of the statistics
和我们之前所做的事情 and a lot of kind of things we have done historically
并且试图去理解人们和社会科学的不同 and try to understand differences in population and social science
所以现在我们是提供两个关键课程 So right now we are offer two critical courses
只是在结构系统中创建结构模型 just systematically in structure equation model
是我们希望人们所熟悉掌握的 is we want to get people more familiar
不仅仅是让人们熟悉使用工具 and we want get people not just familiar with how to use the tool
使用工具是非常简单的 how to use the tool is extrally pretty easy
了解如何计划 the important part is understand how to get the setup
以及如何把一切组织起来 and how to get everything organized
所以你就得到了结果 So what result you got
当你把数据放入工具得到结果的时候 when you put the data into the tool make sense
我们有来自美国和香港的 we have presentation by young new faculty
教师做的演讲 from the US and HK give the presentation
和正在使用的结构方程模型 and using structure equation modeling
我正看这些讲座 I'm looking at it
我很确定这里面有很多错误 I'm saying somthing is really wrong here
应该尽量精炼讲座 To make a long story short
在讲座之后 我告诉他们 After the presentation I talked to them
你没有考虑组织行为 You have not consider organizational behavior
你还没有真的想清楚 you haven't really though through very well
你只讨论了数据和模型 You just talk the data and shut it on the model
没有想好 那真是太 without thinking through that was really
所以这是我们为什么 So that is the reason why we would better
要给学生一个更好的课程 have a course of this for students
要让他们理解各种各样的事情 So they really understand all kinds of things
而并不是只是把数据扔进软件里去分析 instead of just throw the data into the softwares
所以定性研究是很有意义的 So quantitative research is very meaningful with respect
对我们在信息系统研究 to what we do in information system research
可以从行为学的角度所做的 from behavior perspecitive
现在我们理解定性研究 因为 Now we see qualitative research come in as well
定性意味着事物在质量上的平衡 the reason is quality can help you balance something going on in quantity
在定量方面 In quantitative
你会得到基于测量的问题 you get instrument-based questions
表现的态度 观察和普查数据 performance attitude observational and census data
但总是有事情 But there is always things going on
你心里知道但不能捕捉它 that you know in your heart but cannot capture it
所以现在引进一些开放式的问题 So qualitative allows you to bring in some open-ended questions now
访谈 观察 文档 interview talk to people observations
视听资料 文本和图像分析 some text and image analysis
还有其他数据的好的来源 somethings from other kinds of good source of data
你怎样能从人们那里学到很多东西 How can from the people you can learn a lot
所以定性研究可以把它们全部包含进来 so qualitative analysis can bring all that in
这就是为什么 And that’s why
我们发展定量分析 we develop the quantitative in analysis
并且和信息系统研究联系起来 And the junction with IS research
并且给了一些分析 And give some analyses
回到谈论的研究 Coming back to the research model that we talked about
因为我们开始理解 IT的功能在哪里 as we begin to analyze what the function the characteristics of IT
在这点上 At this point of time
我可以通过在一个机构内的事例研究 say we take a case study in an organization
努力更好的理解 trying to better understand
什么影响着知识管理 what the impact of knowledge management systems
在一个特定机构作为背景下 in a particular organization context
检验系统的排序和模型是不是仍然有效 and whether the rest of that model still help a lot
所以在我们案例中 So in this case
它嵌入了一个调查 it actually refit the survey inside the organization
在实际在做研究之前 that have done before
显示出调查结果 showing up the results of the survey
利用数据收集和分析得到的 with data collection came out relative things
来展现我们的组织逻辑 to show that the organization
是完全符合其他事情的 was consistent with the other things he have done
这个案例着重于一个特定问题 While in this case it focuses on a particular perspective from orgnization
即到底什么因素影响知识分享 of what is the influence of the knowledge management systems
给不同IT特质的 with different kinds of IT features
这一点很重要 which is really important
他倾向于做这些基于一个大比例人口基 And he tends to do that with a big population
因为他们都有不同的系统 because they all have different system
所以他们尝试去理解什么影响了IT So they try to understand what is the impact of IT
他们进入组织 and they go inside the organization
通过和人们沟通 采访 by talking to people and interviewing people
这都可以给你对于这个案例的更好理解 do the kind of things can give you better understanding
当你达到这些 这就是一篇论文 so when you get that that was theses
所以论文包括定量研究 so thesis has both quantitative
早期的模型设计 early on modelling stuff
同时还要引入一些定性研究 and then it will also have this kind of induct qualitative study
来自于组织的案例研究 in your case study in the organization
再此之后可以说你在学术中做了一定的贡献 and then you made a good contribution
现在有各种各样的 Now there are all kinds of
定性研究方法 qualitative research options
且我们没有时间去和他们详细的交谈 And we do not have time to talk about them in details
因为这将花费几周的时间 we will talk about this for days weeks
这是Saeker于2007年照的一张照片 And this is a paper by Sarker a really bright guy in UW
这张照片努力 This was try to get a sense of
去解释一些研究操作 whether these somethings fit
如果你想讨论传统性质的调查 If you talk about classical qualitative suveys
实验室经验 lab experiments
那他们应该基于推演和客观的 they are basically deductive and pretty objective
随着大多数的定性研究 with most the qualitative stuff
你可以演绎或归纳 You could be inductive or deductive
或者漂亮的个人陈述 or pretty subjective
你拿到的数据是不同的 so you've got data that is different
这里有很多定性的选择 There are lots of qualitative approach out there
且如果你有一个积极的案例 And if you have a positive case study
运用了很多的理论 where you use theory a lot
而且你融入到一个组织 and you go inside into an organization
这就可以是相当客观的 and it is reasonably objective
你能运用很多其他的事情 You can use lots of other kinds of things
在你做基础理论时 where you are doing grounded theory
这些基础理论是更抽象偏演绎的 which is more inductive
你能做一些东西来领悟人文 You can do somethings that get into humanities
并更具有主观的人性理论 which is more under subjective context of anthroposophy
作为一位人类学家在一个机构内 where you are almost an anthropologist in an organisation
所以 也有很多定性的方法 So there are lots of qualitative approaches
如果你想用它 You can take if you want to
你可以把它加进来使用 bring it in and use it
自己创造 by invite myself
或者把它和定量方法连接在一起 or do conjunction with some quantitative approaches
所以把它当一个原始资源使用 so use it as a source use it as a original
因此 我们将不会进一步讨论 So we will not go in details
但是你能看一眼这个照片 but you can take a look at this paper
并且可以记住它 and put some emphasis on it
我会把一些文献留给熙铜 I will leave these material to XiTong
如果你想要的话就找他拿吧 if you want these references stuff just throw all there
所以这就是一些考察研究和其他的一些类型 so these are all exploratory causes and other kinds of thing
所以这就意味着 So it just means
有很多定性研究方法 that we have a lot of qualitative approach we can take
我们能够利用能够辅助我们 that can potentially help us
有一个更好的理解对于 Have a better understand of some of
为什么和怎么样的问题 the why and how questions occur
如果你看到照片就在那 If you look at the picture out there
这更好的解释了这些事情 it better explains some of these kinds of things
但是这里给了限定时间 but given the limited time here
我最好先不讲了 继续 I’d better drop on it and keep going
在定性研究分析中 Case study is really something
案例运用如此的多 we use a lot in the qualitative research
案例允许我们 Case study allows us
给出一个组织的核心思想 to give an inside of the organization
它给出更深更好的理解 It allows to give an in depth to better understand
对在组织中的人和实际发生的事情 the people and what really happens in the organization
因为能仅仅利用调查 Because you can only do so much with survey
和其他的事情做这么多 and other kinds of things
且我们真的想知道 and you really want to understand
怎样以及为什么事情会如此发展下去 how and why things are occurring
为什么我们经常鼓励案例研究 why we offen encourage case study
在案例中 在一个组织中现象 In case studies influenced
往往受到上下关联因素的影响 by context within an organization
我有一个案例 I have one study
是以单个国家为分析单位 that the unit of the analysis is the whole country
且都是来自世界不同的国家 and there is countries all over the world
因此案例不需要一定是组织 So case studies don’t need to be organizations
他们也可以是某些大的企业 and they can be big things like industries
案例帮助我们有更深的理解 Case study helps get in depth
能够帮助你过得在那个机构内的人 helps you get more into what is happening from the people
发生了一些什么事并且他们处于一个什么样的状态 in that oranization and in that situation
这些都是在有限时间的范围内 活动在继续 and bounded by time and some activities that going on
你收集到不同范畴的数据 You get different sets of data collection
关于这个案例 that going on there
他可以帮助你和管理你的其他事物 and that can help you and conduct with some of your other things
案例可以是一个或者多个 Case study can be single or multiple
你可以把它其它结合 You can combine it with
其他类似于调查这样的研究方法 other research methodologies like survey
这非常有用 It’s quite a lot useful
你可以遵循这些方法 You can proceed or follow methodologies
把这些方法结合起来 mix methodologies
现在我们回到这次行为学的实验 So here we come back in this ethological earl
你能将很多事情联想到其中 You can mix a lot of things in
你做很多各种各样的事情 You can do a lot of different kind of things
定性的和定量的 qualitatively quantitatively
考虑到各个层次的分析 Think about a wide range levels of analysis
个体 团队 组织和你都能做一些 Individuals groups and organizations and you can do some
嵌入式研究 与此同时 Imbedded studies where you can look at
在研究中你能发现一些不同的事情 several different things at the same time
这些研究很有趣 That's very interesting
在某种情况下 也是一个对组织内 That’s much better and in-depth
复杂状况的更好更深入的理解 understanding of a complex situation in an organization
这有一些案例研究的类型 So there are case study types
探索型或者更加描述型 exploratory or they can be more descriptive
它们可以很好的加以诠释 It can be explanatory
你能利用单独案例或多个案例研究 and you can have single or multiple case studies
所以案例研究是非常有用的工具 So case studies are powerful tool
前面的学者已经做了一些典型的工作 Some classic work by Yan and others out
其他学者无疑也做的很好 there are really good no much doubt
案例研究 Case study
从文献你会发现 if you look at it in some of the bigger changes
它在过去10年发生了很大的改变 in the literature in last ten years
你发现大多数案例研究的关注重点 You see more attention of case studies
人们都更深入的有所涉略 people were getting involved in more depth
除此之外 In addition to
我们刚刚谈到定量工具的使用 the use of quantitative tools we have talked about
关于案例研究的重点 Important things about case studies
和定量研究 and qualitative research in general
这是实证研究多重来源的好处吗 Is it takes advantage of multiple sources of evidence
它不仅仅是对人们的访谈 It is not just interviewing people
而且我们会获取很多 And we get a lot of data
关于正在发生的事情的数据 that’s out there now
还有你可以获得那些更好地 You get documents letter
与企业状况有关的文件 associated with organizations and situations
这样你可以得到很多数据和文献 You get archive recodes and a lot of data just out there
然后对其进行分析 You can analyze it
这是个好的开始 that's a good place to start
但访谈不同于我们做的其他事情 But interviews different from something we do
因为访谈来自于组织中 Because that's from the people in an organization
真正的人和正在发生的事情 what’s really going on what’s really happened
因此这非常有用 So that’s useful.
有时候你只是看到了 Sometimes you just look at the physical artifacts
厂房办公楼车间这些物理实体 the buildings office layouts workspace
Julian KenCandel是新泽西的一个成员组织 Julian KenCandel was a faculty member in New Jersey
他们到处走然后给办公室拍照 They go around and they take pictures of offices
他们宣称通过对办公室拍照 They claim by taking pictures of the offices
可以判断出企业正在发生什么 they can tell you what’s going on in the organization
哦 也许吧 但这真的很有趣 Well maybe but it’s interesting
如果你利用这些信息 It’s interesting if you make use of it
将它与其他的要素的关联起来会很有趣 with conjunctions of other contribution
你可以被邀请 Direct observations you can be invited
进入企业直接观察 into the organizations
看看企业里发生了什么 You can see what’s happening
记住 无论何时当你走进 Remember that whenever you go and look at
一个厂房并且观察某个人的时候 somebody working in a factory
你对你观察到的事物做出了改变 You just changed what’s going on in there
他们看到了你 They see you there and
老板也在看着他们 the boss are looking at them
他们会以他们 Are they going to do things
一直以来的方式来做事情吗 the same way as they always do
所以你必须要认真地处理这类信息 So you have to be careful with that kind of information
但是这一点还好 but that’s ok
你还可以借助其他人来帮助你 You can have other people to help you
在这方面 in that regard
因此案例研究非常有用 So case studies are useful
但是每一点的信息 But each one point of information
都只为你提供了一些机会 only gives you some things give you some opportunities
如果你参与其中 If you participate in there
那么很好 that’s good
因为你是真实参加并体会到的 Because you can read it helps become involved
比如DVA学生 So the DVA students for example
他们是组织中典型的执行者 they are typically executives of organizations
他们做研究并且参与其中 They are doing research and they are participants
他们能够进行创造 在企业中推行 They are able to help create situations and do things
他们认为好的 新的和有趣的东西 in an organization that they think is good, new, and fun
有一个潜在的偏见 That’s potential point of bias
就是他们深入其中 just their presence
他们在企业中所做的 and what they are trying to do in an organization
会影响到结果 can influence the results
因此你必须清楚一点 so you have to keep that clear
需要很多的努力 it takes hard work to take advantage
利用好你所得到的资源 of the kinds of things you can get
作为企业的一位参与者 by being a participants in an organization
同时建立一种 at the same time being
公平毫无偏见的判断 a fair and unbiased injunction
在你的研究中 to put into your study
所以所有的这些你都必须做好 so all of this has to vary things in line
如果你要做一个定性研究的话 if you get a qualitative analysis
你应该将重心 you get into this kind of judgments
放在这种判断上多于定量研究上 a lot more than you would in a quantitative study
没有任何一个研究方法 so no one research approach is more useful
比其他的研究方法更有用 over than another
问题在于我们引入了很多三角测量 The point is that we use a lot of triangulation
我们引入了很多的资源 We bring in multiple source of evidence
我们带来了大量的数据 We bring in multiple source of data
我们将它们放在一起考虑 We check things against each other
我们进行权衡 We triangulate
而且我们需要确保我们的结论 we are looking to make sure that
在一定适应范围内有效 对吧 our result are bound right
我们想要保证我们有可信度 We want to make sure that we are credible
所以这就是我们要做的各种各样的事情 So these are all parts of kinds of things we do
在做研究或建立研究体系时 As we assure our researches and as we build studies
我们可以说 can we said that
更偏重于行为 that’s more on the behavior
偏重于分析 that more on the analysis
以及发生的事实 and what’s happening
从问题出发 我们有许多事情可做 But that’s also a lot that we can do from my ask
比如设计工作 that’s design work
从问题出发 我们做设计 我们建立体系 From my ask we design things we build things
我们有工程性的或类似工程方面的工作要做 We’ve got the engineering side or the sort of work in engineering
我们能够做事 We can do things
所以这一点本身是非常非常重要的 so this is really really important
有时候 有些事 and some things that sometimes
我们会忘记 we forget about
或者有时我们只是将其分别地对待 Or sometimes we just treat them separately
但并非如此 but it’s really not
因为实验设计的工具性 Because design is kind of instrumental
在我们所从事的每一部份中都得以体现 in everything we are doing
无论我们是设计一个学术研究 Whether we Design a research study
还是设计一个人工制品 or design an artifact
设计应该包含于 Design is something that comes through
多种多样的事物 in a lot of different kinds of things
所以设计可通过定性研究 So it comes through a qualitative research
或者通过定量研究的手段得以实现 or come through a quantitative research
最后 如果你单一地使用定量研究 So ultimately if you purely quantitative
就可以考虑加一些定性方面的研究 think about making things in some qualitative kind
这很有用处,很有用处 it’s useful. It’s useful
如果你单一地使用定性的研究 If you purely qualitative
考虑一些定量的数据是非常有用的 think about some quantitative kind of data
因为这真正有助于加强你的论点 because it can really help to strengthen your argues
所以这些方式方法并非非此即彼 So these things are not either-or
许多年来 And for a number of years
我们可以回顾到这样的情形 人们曾争论 especially going back to where people are arguing
到底应该选择定量还是定性研究 whether you should be quantitative or qualitative
但 最终 人们认识到 finally people recognized
这并不是你想做这个还是想做那个的问题 it's not whether you should do this or that
而你应该为解决问题选择正确的解决之道 you should do which is right for the problem
去思考将两种方法 and think about the opportunity
更合理地结合在一起的机会 bring them together much more sensible
所以在某些复杂的情况下 So in those complex situations
没有一种方法 no single methodological approach
能解决所有的问题 is going to do everything for you
你可以考虑一下 You can by thinking about
引进某种程度的 bringing in some kind of some degree of
多方法论研究 multi-methodological research
你将能够解决 You will just be able to address
并且你对所研究的问题得出的结论 larger and more complex questions
并且你对所研究的问题 And much more confident
会更加自信 in the kinds of conclusions you draw
这就是为什么现在 So that’s why now
要把 we are bringing in
定性和定量的影响引进 qualitative as well as quantitative
我们的PHD项目中的原因 influence into our phd programs
你会在文献中看到很多定量与定性研究 you are seeing a lot now in the literature
并且它们也大量存在于对个人研究的评判标准中 seeing a lot in the judgment of individual studies
以及存在于我们之前谈及过得研究系列中 as well as research strings as we have talked before.
如果你做的是混合的策略 If you do mixed strategies
你可以做相续的研究, 你可以先作定性研究 you can do sequential you can do qualitative first
也可以先做定量的研究 or you can do quantitative first
这取决于哪种更加适合你的具体情况 Its just whatever seems to fit the situation
取决于你的设计都有哪些组成部分 It's what makes the part of your design
取决于你认为 make the part of your thinking
关于你将如何去解决这个问题 about how you going to address that question
实际上你能够实现 And you actually can do it
让两种研究方法同时齐头并进 at the same time too
你将更多地在研究方法间相互转换 You can make more transform into it
从而拥有很多不同的方法去思考问题 So lots of different kinds of ways to think about it
并且会有众多资料可查并从中汲取帮助 there are good references out there to help you on that
考虑到时间问题 Recoganizing out time
我想讲一些有关设计研究的事情 I want talk a little bit about the design research
因为设计研究在很多方面 because design research in many ways
可以将我们刚才从信息系统设计视角谈论过的所有元素合而为一 brings together all of the things we have talked about
对IS的讨论汇集起来 in IS from design perspective
建立信息系统 Creation of information system
评估它们 through to evaluate them
不论是通过定性的还是定量的方法 Whether qualitative or quantitative
并且将其放在一起 and bring it all together in a way
通根据它给出的特性作为原则 that It gives some identity as a discipline
我认为设计研究是非常重要的 I think design research is really important
五年前 在Suter Wang和Thraw March 之后 The people who have been in T-and-F started a vote
那些在T&F中的人开始了一次投票 five years ago after Suter Wang Thraw March
基于这篇MISQ的文章的确是有益的 rooted this MIS Quarterly paper really instrumental
并且具有设计研究方面的标识性意义 and put a tag on this of design research
帮助那些多年从事该领域研究的学派 helping a lot of schools who have been doing this for years
更好的理解我们所做的事 understanding this better which we have
在某种意义上随着时间推移 And in a sense that time surely record
在澳大利亚 in Australia
在这个领域已取得非常突出的成就 it’s been very prominent in this area
Elicopter在2010开了一个新的博客 Elicopter has a new blog now as in 2010
我向你推荐 它是非常棒的 It is really good I encourage you
它是免费的 它在向你招手 It’s free it’s wiggle
它是可用的在线电子资源 It’s available on-line electronically
进行设计研究是非常好的 So a design research is really good
因为它来源于大量的科学工程基础理论 because it comes out of a lot of science engineering
科学工程基础理论是我们的基本原则 foundations that is part of our discipline
它产生于这种创造性的设计 it comes out of this design creation of things
这就是我们 That's what we do
作为信息系统研究人员所要做的 as information system professionals
我们创造新事物 We create things
创造信息系统 we create information systems
我们创造组织环境 we create circumstance in organization
来辅助实现组织功能 that help organization’s function
因此 这种设计科学的方法 So this kinds of approach design science
是我们研究的基础 brings out some of our roots
我想这真的很重要 I think that’s really significant
这也是一种通用的问题求解模式 And it's a kind of a general problem solving paradigm
我们从工程学科领域 that something that we bring from engineering discipline
引入到我们领域的 into our field
这是我熟悉的领域 and it's the area I can figure out
人工制品可以是构念 Artifacts can be constructs
模型 方法 产品和实体 models methods products and instantiations
它们可以是许多东西 They can be a lot of things
它们不必是实际的软件 They don't have to be actual pieces of software
他们可以是你所定义的 They can be whatever you can identify
又或是你所创造的 something you create
它是一类有用的东西 So that’s useful kind of things as well
因为我们不能够经常获得 because we don't always have pieces of
一些软件或实际的物理系统 software or actual physical systems
因此 创建业务流程时的业务过程改进 So business process improvement
例如在设计科学分类中 for example in the classifying of the design science
你在建立一个商业研究进程 you know you are creating a set of business process
就可以看作是一个人工制品 that can be an artifact
如果你要评估 You gonna evaluate how well that works
在不同情景下的工作绩效如何 under different circumstances
这时设计科学是十分有用的 So design science is useful
解决广泛的研究疑问 over a quite wide range of research questions
和研究问题 and research problems
这又回到了Herbert Simon A lot of it goes back to Herbert Simon’s work
获得诺贝尔奖的 on science and the artificial
关于科学与构造的研究上来 where he won the Nobel Prize
实际上 他指出 In fact he came to say
人们创造的很多东西都是人工制品 as people we create a lot of things that are artificial
除了空气 we see it a lot in this building
在这座大楼里的很多东西 except atmosphere
都是人工制品 These are artifacts
这些都是我们所创造的 These are all things we created
它们不是自然的 that are not natural
它们不会生长 they don't grow
它们不会像外面的树一样 they are not out there as a tree
它们是我们创造出来 They are something we have created
它们是人工制造的 they are artificial things
但是在这样的情况下 But within that context then
我们可以系统地认为 we can systematically think
它是一个进程 或是一个产品 it as a process or product
任何我们希望将它定义成为的东西 and it's whatever we want to define it
我们可以将设计研究作为一种方法来使用 And we can use design research as a method
这有助于系统地评估它们 they help us to systematically evaluate them
所以这是非常核心的强大工具 So this is a very power tool
一个信息系统中 that is very central to the information system
这是MISQ2004年文章 This is from MIS Quarterly paper in 2004
到2011年也就是6年前的文章了 6 years ago from now 7 years ago its 2011 now
这实际上说明 It show how in fact
我们可以引入环境要素 we can bring together aspects of the environment
那些涉及 the kinds of things we are involving
组织与技术中的人的部分 with people in an organization technology
我们可以从相对的角度 We can bring that in
引入它们 from relevant perspective
我们可以从一个严格的角度 We can bring in from a rigor perspective
引入我们所获得的所有事物 all the kinds of things we have gotten
通过历史性的方法论 with methodologies historically
我们将所有东西放在一起 And we bring that together
来思考将会发生什么 to consider what happens now
正如我们要开发一些东西 as we develop or create something
并且系统的评价他们 and systematically evaluate it and then learn from that
要使用论文的写作过程 and get into this literature process
创造 评价 creating evaluating
并使用结果去创造 and using the results to create it again
正如我前两天 Now I mentioned yesterday
所提到的那样 that and the day before that
我们可以引入群组报告系统 we can involve some group report systems
而这也正是我们所做的 That’s exactly what we did
当我们在大学里做设计科学研究的时候 What we did in a colleague design science then
我们将其称之为 we called it
“我们正在构建或者评估一个系统” we are building it or evaluating it
但是我们从未将其称为设计科学 but we haven’t called it a design science
事实上 信息系统专业的人们 In fact a lot of this
正在做大量的类似工作 has been going on in the IS discipline
当设计科学真正地将其界限 When design science really
和程序规范给出的时候 gives its perform lists bound and procedures
我们才能把它 that we can use frankly to teaching them
教的更好 to make it more useful in conjunction
通过更广阔的人群 with research steps
与其它研究领域连接起来 by a boarder collection of people
所以这就是我真心希望你们 So this is something I really encourage you to
在学习中 think about and make use of it
去思考和应用的东西 in the context of study
人工制品 行为学 这些事物 Artifacts behavior these kind of things
在一起高效地运行着 work together very effectively
并且互相协作 and they are synergistic
互相引发 one leads to the other
行为学会产生人工制品 反之亦然 Behavior leads to the artifact and vice versa
因此他们在一起运行着 So these all work together
以评价的角度来看 In terms of evaluation
所有这些你能够处理的定量的和定性的事物 all the kinds of qualitative and quantitative things
都可以在设计科学中 you deal with can be used as part
成为评价的一部分 of the evaluation in the design science context
所以我们正在构建 So we are building
那些已经完成的事物的底层 underneath of the kind of things we have done
再一次地 你可以讨论理论 And again you can talk about theory
和理论构建 theory building
你可以讨论评价 you can talk about evaluation
你可以讨论创新 you can talk about creation
你可以做任何 you can do all the kinds of things
有意义的事情 that make sense there
有助于我们解决 and help us deal with some of the
一些感兴趣的复杂问题的事 complex questions for which we are interesting
那么这些东西要把我们带到什么样的地方去呢 Now where do all these lead us
没错 是有效性 Well it leads us into validity
如果我们能够开始观察 If we can know starting looking at
一些更加复杂的问题 some of these more complex problems
并且通过我们 and through the kinds of
所能够应用的研究方法 methodologies we can apply
定性的或者定量的和设计科学 qualitatively quantitatively and design science
来逐渐地接近 we can probably come up with the best available
我们正在做的 approximation of the truth
事情的事实 of what’s really going on there
通过这个 我们可以利用研究 And from that we can begin to help organizations
来帮助企业更有效率地运行 more effectively through our research
所以这就是我们所讨论的东西 So this is where all these conversations
所产生的影响 we had about impact
将实践团体结合起来 having engagement with communities of practice
所有的事物都聚集在一起 all begin to come to together
现在我们可以开始倾向于 Now we can begin increasely to
做有效的研究了 do research that is valid
有效性帮助我们理解 Validity helps us to understand
我们为何可能错了 how we might be wrong
因此我们可以有条不紊地进行工作并且说 so that we can systematically go and say
我不认为是这样的 well I don't think it’s this
这是我们的解决方案 Here is our future solution
我觉得这才是对的 I think this is right
因为其它的都不行 because the alternatives don't make sense
所以我们现在有很多的途径 So we thought a lot of approaches now
我们能做 And we can do
我在论文中 This is always one of the things
一直寻找一样东西 that I look for in a journal paper
那就是作者是否 have people given consideration to
对结论的有效性进行了考虑 the validity of your conclusion
作者是否意识到了 And have you recognized
研究的局限性 the limitations of your study
如果有 If there are
那就是你未来研究的方向 that’s the directions for future researches
所有的这些事物最后都开始拟合在一起了 So all of these things begin to fit together
在处理有效性问题的时候 When dealing with the validity threats
从定量的角度来讲 from a quantitative perspectives
就是控制组 where you got things like control groups
取样以及显著性检验的问题 sampling and test statistical significance
从定性的角度来讲 Or qualitative
就是你如何在解释过程中 where you making more arguments of ruling out
将其它可能性 other alternatives
和挑战排除的过程 and challenges through explanation
它们都归结于此 They all go there and it all works
所以 综上所述 So finally inter-junction with this
信息技术在企业中是普遍存在的 information technology is pervasive in organizations
它真的是到处都存在 Its really everywhere
包括在整个社会中也是 and its pervasive in society
那就是我们昨天所讲的事情 Those are the things we were talking about yesterday
信息技术快速地改变着整个环境 It’s rapidly changing in this kind of environments
这也就 So it's there
给我们这些学者一个机会 it’s an opportunity for us the research
我们拥有大量的研究方法 What we have got is a wide range of methods
和分析层次来研究这个 and levels of analysis to do so
其中一部分是定量的 some is quantitative
一部分是定性的 some is qualitative
还有一部分是设计科学 some is design science
所有的这些都结合在了一起 All of these can work together
因此从这个角度来看 这是一个巨大的机会 So it’s a great opportunity from that perspective
我们能够借此来帮助解决 to do the kind of research to help to address
农业 物流 气候等 a lot of the very large kind of symmetrical problems
各行各业中的 in agriculture, logistics and climate
大量这类问题 all of the kinds of things in business
现代企业中存在着 all of the kinds of things
所有的这类问题 in current business organization
重要的是 分析工具比以前好用了 Importantly the analytical tools are getting better
而且变得越来越好用 tools are getting better and better
并且他们正在被使用着 And they are being used
以便我们解决 so that we can deal with
一些更加复杂的问题 some of the more complex problems
并且切实地贡献知识 and really add to the body of knowledge
这就是我所希望的研究方法论 This is all what I like to kind of encourage
在实际应用中的作用 in applications of methodologies in research
我们可以花几小时 We can talk about this for hours
几天甚至几年时间来讨论这个 we can talk about this for days years
这就是我们所做的全部 It’s all part of what we do
我真正欣慰的是你在思考这个问题 so what I really encourage is you think about it
思考你想要做什么 think about what you want to do
如何结合你的研究 how it fits in your research
思考你可以使用的 think about the different kinds of approaches
各种不同的研究方法 you can take methodologically
并发现对人们的 and to recognize there is good support out there
交流和工作能够 for that and these people as well
有很大的帮助作用 to communicate and work together
所以 我将一些资源 So I put some resources here
留在这里 留给熙铜 and I will leave with Xitong
有什么想要问的吗 Any questions
您提到说游戏是 You mentioned that gaming is as one of the methodology
众多的研究方法中的一样 among those many methodologies
您是否在高质量的IS研究中 Have you seen any high quality IS research work
看到过使用理论游戏的吗 using theories gaming
博弈理论吗 game theory
不是博弈理论 赌博 是理论游戏 not game theory gaming theories Gaming
我们用来指导研究 that we use to conduct IS research
博弈和 gaming and sence of
让一些学生做一些角色扮演 getting in some students and do role playing
角色扮演 role playing
是的 从某种意义上说 Yeah in one sense
这种研究通常发生在实验中 some of that occurs in some of the laboratory experiments
实际上你是在做一个交易 where in fact you are doing a treatment
并且这种交易是属于赌博类的东西 and that treatment is a gaming kind of thing
找来一些学生 you are getting the students
或者一些其他行业的工作人员 or other people working on a particular kind of fashion
然后你确保他们会那么做 and you checking to make sure they do that
并且将其与其它因素进行比较 and how that compares with other facts
因此 这个听起来就像是管理科学的行为 pretty good that sounds more of management science action
这个确实很不错 Its good it’s good work
非常好的工作 very very good work
您将研究方法分为三类 You classified three kinds of methodologies
设计科学 定性和定量 design science qualitative and quantitative methods
您觉得设计科学 Do you think design science
是否是包括了另外两类 includes other two methods
是的 这是一个我们 Yes this is something
一直以来都在争论的问题 that we have been arguing back and forth
设计科学究竟是完全不同的一类方法 Is design science something that’s really different
还是包括了另外两类方法 or its something that includes these
对我来说 它们仅仅是结合在一起 To me they just all work together
我并不想说 and I don't try to say
哪个是最顶层的 which one is the top of the pile
哪个是最基础的 and which is the supportive
我觉得它们就像是一种思维方式一样结合在一起 I think they work together as a perspective
至少对我来说需要考虑的是 To me at least to think about
如果我面对信息系统 as if I got a situation where the creation of
是创新的 the information system
重点的情况 is the dominant focus and frankly
即信息系统是 that was the dominant focus of
我们所有早期群决策系统的重点 all our early group support systems
我们就非常关注他们是 We were really focused on
如何获取这些技术和软件的 how they get this technology and the software
行为学仅能帮助我们有限地 The behavioral things came in just to help us
理解所发生的事情 understand a little bit more about what’s going on
所以对我来说 So to me
在这里设计科学就是驱动力 that is where design science is the driver
尽管我们不这么称呼 Even we don't call it that
我们放弃了 We were driven from
更加技术化 that more technological kind of design
的设计架构 building into near perspective
评估则是源于底层的 and evaluation came kind of underneath
大量的其他研究表明 A lot of other kind of research says
人们进入一个企业后 you know if people go into an organization
你更可能会加入到信息系统的 you probably more involved in
开发中去 developing an information system
因为信息系统就在那儿 since its just there
情况就是这样 Well that circumstance is there
你则会随着情况变得 but really you getting there being more
倾向于定性的研究或者定量的研究 as a qualitative or quantitative
如果你是个行为学的学者 You are a behavior researcher
你就会试图去理解 you trying to understand what
信息系统 that information system
在组织中的作用 is doing in that organization
你不能影响信息系统的 And you may not be able to influence the features
特点或者功能 or the functionality of the information system
所以 在这种情况下 So you know
设计科学 design science
不会发挥很重要的作用 is not taking a very prominent part of this
设计科学最主要的是 It most in the end it is giving some suggession that
提供建议以帮助改进信息系统 maybe help the information system should be changed
在那种情况下 你将会以定性或者 There you will be driven by more quantitative or
定量的行为学研究视角来进行研究 qualitative behavior analysis perspective
对我来说 一切视情况而定 To me it depends on situation
但是 人们总是会谈论这个问题 But yeah people talk about that a lot
发生很多的争论 A lot of great arguments
还有问题吗 Ok other questions
我们休息一下吧 let's have a break
让我们休息一下 let’s do a break
回来后 and we will come back
我们可以讨论下关于网络的问题 and talk about some of the network kind of thing