听译 乐澈
今天我要讲一个我很喜欢的导演 today I wanna talk about one of my favorite working film makers
保罗▪托马斯▪安德森 Paul Thomas Anderson
喜欢他电影理由可以有很多 there are multiple reasons someone could like PTA film
但对我来说，他之所以强大 but for me what makes him such a powerful film maker
是因为他用配乐升华故事的方法 is how he uses audio to enhance story
显然，他并非是第一个和优秀作曲家合作 clearly he isn't the first director to work with genius composer
或是将流行乐放到电影中的导演 or integrate pop songs into his work
但是他使用配乐的方法 but there is something about the way he uses sound
让他的电影高于爆米花片 that leaves his movies above the leverage of popcorn flick
我并非是说现代的片子都是些劣质的唱片或是配乐 I am not saying modern movies are bad recordings or unpolished soundtracks
但很多电影人都没有将配乐的功效发挥完全 but it seems most film makers don't utilize sound to its full potential
所以很多电影错过了能够清晰诠释角色 so many films miss opportunities to enhance our understanding of key characters
或是配乐所在情景的机会 or the world they inhabit through audio
以下是来自《美国队长3》的例子 here is an example from Civil War
这本是用来在极短时间内发掘角色的大量信息的 that is designed to quickly display a lot of information about our characters in a small amount of time
来往的车辆声和风声并没有给场景助多少力 those passing cars and gusts of wind don't enhance the scene
甚至还让人觉得分心 if anything, it's a tad distracting
实际上我喜欢在此处的打光，也喜欢英雄聚头的场面 actually I like the lighting here and I want to enjoy scene these heroes come together
但由于声音没有强调出啥，让人觉得平平 but since nothing is emphasized through the audio designed, it feels flat
我知道这个场景是在飞机场的停车坪 I understand this scene is in an airport parking lot
所以严格上讲，它的确可以作为背景提示 so technically the noise does work as background information
但罗素兄弟也应该有方法处理声音 but there is also few ways the Russo brothers could play with the audio
使其曾从实质上增加紧张和兴奋的效果 to essentially polish nervous and exciting in the scene
导演应该不惧使用声音去加强观众 director shouldn't be afraid to use sound to enhance the audience's understanding
对角色奇妙感受的理解 of how wonder to characters' feeling
就是因为荧幕上角色不是展示相同的情感 just because everyone on the screen isn't showing the same emotion
并不意味着观众无法得知配乐指向是何 doesn't mean the audience can't recognize who the audio cues apply to
如果你想展现角色们聚集时的情绪发泄 what if you want to show how emotionally charge to characters coming together can be
但又不想太过依赖对白 but don't want to rely on the dialogue to prove your point
大部分情况下，这种情绪及亲密的结合靠的是瞬时的配乐剪辑 mostly the emotion and this intimate union is conveyed through the sudden audio editing
因为不怎么需要其他元素 because little else is needed
比如不需要每个角色开口说我爱你 we don't need each character to say I love you
因为配乐早已表明 because the audio already makes that clear to the audience
即使荧幕上人物众多，配乐指向也清晰明了 even other multiple characters on the screen, it's obvious who the emotional cues apply to here
事实上，女演员边走边放歌 in fact, having the song continue to play as the actress walk by
展现了这对情侣之间的浓情蜜意 shows just how engrossed these two lovers are with each other
PTA在Wondering Sound的一次采访中说道 PTA even told Wondering Sound in an interview
that love of the crue of Punch Drunk Love didn't really understanding what the movie was about
一直到他们当场看他录制 He Needs Me until he played the version of He Needs Me over takes they watch onset
很多没听过的工作人员听完后都呆了
我在影片中放的时候，工作人员反应就是
我他妈终于懂你在说什么了，你怎么不早点放
这是人们对于电影元素反应如此激烈的一次
这儿有个问题，你怎么让场景充满力量 here is tricky question. How do you fill a scene with energy
作曲家乔▪布里昂，经典作品包括《暖暖内含光》 Jon Brion, a composer whose credits include classics like Eternal Sunshine and Spotless Mind
《纽约提喻法》 and Synecdoche New York
前四部作品都是与PTA合作的 work with PTA on his first four films
布里昂说安德森每部电影之前，他的脑子里都有了配乐的雏形 Brion insist that Anderson comes to each project with rhythms and audio cues already in mind
又是甚至剧本还没完成，就找作曲的谈论配乐了 sometimes even discussing music with composers before he finishes the script
in fact, when PTA shut his shots
他通常是边听节奏群边做 he usually does it while listening to rhythm groups
这个习惯能让他问清布里昂可用的别致套路 a habit that let him to ask Brion composer unique limited pattern form to use
作为发展场景的道具 as a tool when developing scenes
我很激动，因为我 I was really psyched because I
我说这很好呀，我们又有了一个真正的共通之处 I said well, this is great, here is another area where we could have true integration.
因为如果你真的要在节奏上搞出点事情来 Because if you really doing something to a rhythm,
我就有那东西的真正拍子 I have the actual tempo of the thing
那你的场景和拍子就能完美融合 then you 're actually doing the scenes and the tempos inherent
正在拍的，还有 and what's being shot and then
我甚至能写出一套管弦乐，或是什么都做不成 I could even write full orchestra music over it or not any number things could be done
配乐和视觉信息的融合 the sense of integration between audio and visual information
让PTA的电影流动性滞后 give PTA's movies fluidity most lag
电影《大师》里，一个音轨淹没了角色之间的互动 in The Master, a drowning track continues to across multiple character interactions
创造了操纵的不快感 building a dreadful sense of manipulation
当杰昆▪菲尼克斯扮演的弗雷迪 as what Joaquin Phoenix's Freddie
在一个神秘的精神疗法上越陷越深 falls deeper into a mystery programe
这个疗法是由菲利普▪塞莫▪霍夫曼扮演的兰开斯特▪多德创建 one by Philip Seymour Hoffman, Lancaster Dodd
节奏不仅与他在房间走动时的散乱脚步所吻合 not only does the rhythm match his scattered movement surround the room
它还渐渐地大概制成他阴暗的目的 its slowly and shoddily established his dark intention
若没有毛骨悚然的背景音，这根本不会被注意到 that wouldn't be noticeable without that drown creeping long in the background
PTA知道怎么通过配乐来像观众传达角色的情绪 PTA knows how to manipulate sound to bring characters' emotions to the forefront in the viewers' mind
比方说，你想展现某人在重压之下濒临崩溃 for example, let's say if you want to show someone start to crack under pressure
最简单的方法，让角色干坐着，一个劲说自己的焦虑 the easiest way to do this is simply have the character stand around and explain their anxiety
《不羁夜》里有个场景，PTA 恰好相反 in the scene from Boogie Nights, PTA do the exactly opposite
他并没有设定尬人的台词 instead of some awkward dialogue
我们从吵闹的音乐和修理的震动声中可以听到马克▪沃尔伯格的焦虑 we hear Marky Mark's nervousness through a combination of loud music and jolting sound of fix
你甚至可以看到约翰▪C▪赖利和他沟通了几次 you can even see John C. Reilly try to communicate with him few times
但是他的声音被音乐盖过去了 but his words were muffled by the music
强调了德克对环境 emphasizing just how uncomfortable
不适以及专注 and absorbed the Dirk is become with the situation
《赌城纵横》，他的处女作 in Hard Eight, his first movie
他在格温妮丝▪帕特洛扮演的角色身上施加了同样的技巧 he did something similar with Gwyneth Paltrow's character
不同于《不羁夜》里配乐与场景相融 unlike in Boogie Night with music is actually part of the scene
这里的配乐却是在脑中，代表她对观众的想法 the audio here is in your head, representing her thoughts for audience
她第一次进西德尼的公寓，在晚餐上交流时，并无配乐 there is no music as Sydney and her interact over dinner when she first enter his apartment
但就在他自告奋勇请她参观卧室时 but right as he offers to show her the bedroom
一阵不祥的钟声敲响 an ominous bell starts to play
她不确定西德尼是否是真正的朋友 she is unsure whether or not Sydney is being a real friend
还是说只想睡她 or just trying to sleep with her
钟声来来回回 and the bell going back and forth
代表她专注思考 represents how engrossed she is with the thought
只有当她听到西德尼从其他房间返回的时候 only when she hear Sydney coming back from the other room
她才真正回神 be she able to snap back to the moment
此时钟声也停止了 representing by the bell fading out
她直接了当问西德尼想要从她身上得到什么 and ask Sydney straight up what he wants from her
PTA也许很喜欢层次化的音景 well PTA might love a layer soundscape
但他也同样了解无声的力量 it's clear he also understands the power of silence
并非每个场景都充满背景音或是配乐 instead of clattering every scene with background noise and score music
他对于声音的时间把控也非常挑剔 he is very particular about when sound is used
声音越少，角色的脆弱性就越明显 the less audio in the scene, the more vulnerable a character can come across
想象一下，在《血色将至》的片尾 imagine if at the end of There Will Be Blood
我们被白噪音和高音弦乐轰炸耳朵 we were bombarded with white noise or high strings during this confrontation
这对理解片中角色多无用 see how that does nothing to enhance understanding of these people
这里，老兵们在二战结束后回乡 here we see a group veteran returning home after World War Two
他们在课堂上了解重新适应平民生活的困难 as an official lectures them about the difficulties of readjusting the civilian' life
那一刻，我们可以尽览他们的想法 we could be running through their head in that moment
渴望，焦虑，忧郁 yearn, anxiety, depression
我觉得大部分人并不能和他们感同身受 I don't think most people can relate or understand what they been through
为了反映这一点，PTA让角色现身这个场景 so reflect that, PTA make the scene feel empty
鸦雀无声 as the characters themselves appear
所以如果你要成为优秀的电影人 so if you're an inspiring film maker
记住，声音在创造场面上有重要功能 remember how important sound is to building a world
因为如果你使用不当 because if you don't use it right
你的电影就会缺少一块 your movie will be missing something
你所需的工具就是你的手指 all the tools you need right there, your fingertips
为什么不将其弄的清晰明了呢 so why not make it as explicit as possible
每个人都可以诠释自身 anyone can explain themselves
但需要勇气才能表明心迹 but it takes guts to say you heart out