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There is a state, which beheads
and even crucifies its citizens.

2
00:00:16,001 --> 00:00:19,003
Where those who question
its authority are lashed...

3
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..and locked up for years.

4
00:00:23,004 --> 00:00:25,016
A state where women
lack many basic rights.

5
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Patrolled by religious police...

6
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Where children are indoctrinated.

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(DISGUISED VOICE)

8
00:00:42,016 --> 00:00:44,016
But this is not the Islamic State.

9
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This is the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

10
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A close ally which buys billions
of pounds worth of British arms...

11
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..whose security forces
we equip and train...

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..even though they're in conflict
with many of their own people.

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Whose oil we buy

14
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and whose royals
get the red-carpet treatment.

15
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We have
a relationship with Saudi Arabia

16
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because we receive from them

17
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important intelligence and security
information that keep us safe.

18
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Working with a team
of Saudi undercover cameramen,

19
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this film sets out to penetrate

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one of the world's
most secretive and repressive states.

21
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The women, they are imprisoned.

22
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They just fear freedom.

23
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Because of American and European
support to the Saudi monarchy,

24
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our people have suffered.

25
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And we will uncover
how Saudi money and ideology

26
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have helped drive terrorism
around the world.

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(AUTOMATIC GUNFIRE)

28
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There's a very real threat
that the ideology that comes
from there is posing to us.

29
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Morally, we need to make a stand.
I think the chickens are
coming home to roost on this one.

30
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In January 2015,

31
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the Union Jack was flown
at half-mast in Westminster...

32
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..a very special mark of respect
for a close ally.

33
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The Saudi ruler King Abdullah
had died.

34
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Many world leaders came to the
capital city Riyadh to pay tribute.

35
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(PRAYING IN ARABIC)

36
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In the same month,
in another Saudi city...

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(TANNOY ANNOUNCEMENT)

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..a young blogger
was whipped in public.

39
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Raif Badawi was convicted
of insulting Islam,

40
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after he spoke out
about his government and religion.

41
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He wrote, 'The only way
to deal with an unfree world

42
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is to become so absolutely free

43
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that your very existence
is an act of rebellion.'

44
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For comments like this, Badawi,
a father of three young children,

45
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was sentenced to ten years in prison

46
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and 1,000 lashes.

47
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We don't approve
of what Saudi Arabia does.

48
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We don't like what they do.

49
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But they are a necessary evil
in combatting other regimes.

50
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And of course, ultimately,
they have a lot of oil.

51
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No country is the perfect ally,

52
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the perfect partner,
without any reservations whatsoever.

53
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So, you know,
welcome to the real world.

54
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Welcome to the premier league.

55
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(SEAGULLS CALL)

56
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(DISGUISED VOICE)

57
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Yasser is part of an underground
network of activists in Saudi Arabia.

58
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It's one of the most secretive
countries in the world.

59
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No journalist can operate freely,

60
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and you can't even get in
as a tourist.

61
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So Yasser's come to Istanbul
at great risk

62
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to collect an undercover camera.

63
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Over the next six months, he will be
filming secretly inside Saudi Arabia.

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If caught, he'll be imprisoned.

65
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Two days later,

66
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Yasser is flying back into Riyadh
to begin filming undercover.

67
00:05:29,015 --> 00:05:32,017
In Saudi Arabia,
the king is all-powerful.

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Since he came to the throne in 2015,

69
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King Salman's face
looms large over the streets.

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Saudi Arabia
is the home of Islam's holiest sites

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and the world's largest oil exporter.

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Its state oil company
is worth an estimated £7 trillion.

73
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The royal family and their
inner circle are worth billions.

74
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Yasser films an avenue of palaces.

75
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The external face of Saudi Arabia

76
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is ostentatious wealth
and luxury shopping malls.

77
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But the global crash in oil prices
has hit the Saudi economy hard.

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Despite spending billions
on social welfare,

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it's been estimated up to a quarter
of the population live in poverty.

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This is how millions of Saudis live -

81
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a reality rarely seen by the world
because you can't film openly here.

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Yasser's in Saudi's second city -
Jeddah.

83
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He shows us how women often
end up begging on the streets.

84
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It's estimated only one in five Saudi
women of working age have jobs...

85
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..and without a man's support,
many end up on the street.

86
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(MUEZZIN CALLS IN BACKGROUND)

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Yasser and his friend head down
to the beach to play their lute.

88
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But before they even get there,

89
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they run into the religious police
on patrol.

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In Saudi Arabia,
playing music in public

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is forbidden by the religious police.

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(LUTE MUSIC)

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After Yasser and his friends
have been there
for less than five minutes,

94
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the police return.

95
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This was the last shot recorded

96
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before Yasser's lute
and hidden camera were smashed.

97
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For Yasser and his friends,

98
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the religious police
are a constant menace.

99
00:09:09,024 --> 00:09:13,002
Their official title is
the Committee for the Promotion of
Virtue and the Prevention of Vice.

100
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They patrol the streets and shopping
malls, enforcing strict Islamic laws.

101
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Activists like Yasser
have been filming and sharing clips

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to expose what they say
is their constant harassment.

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They force women to cover themselves

104
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and drive people out of cafes
to go and pray.

105
00:10:02,018 --> 00:10:06,000
Their strict form of Sunni Islam
is known as Wahhabism.

106
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It is the religion
on which Saudi Arabia was founded.

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(SCREAMS)

108
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Here the religious police
are smashing bottles,

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thought to be alcohol.

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The majority of Saudis are thought to
support the state Wahhabi ideology.

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(AMPLIFIED PREACHING)

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Filming secretly in a mosque,

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Yasser records this preacher
spreading hatred of other religions.

114
00:11:02,004 --> 00:11:06,002
The state Wahhabi ideology is taught
to Saudi children from an early age.

115
00:11:08,002 --> 00:11:10,010
Yasser films a 14-year-old Saudi boy

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showing him the books
they use at his school -

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books made in Saudi Arabia,

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but exported to the world.

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The textbook doesn't just
attack other religions.

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It portrays the Shia Muslim minority
at home as the enemy.

121
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The Saudi education system

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has been intended
as an insurance policy,

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as a security measure,

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to protect the ruling family,

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and to mislead
the millions of students

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into hatred of other religions,
other cultures

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and into the worship
of the Saudi ruling family.

128
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Saudi Arabia is said
to have made some progress

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00:12:23,016 --> 00:12:27,014
reforming its textbooks, removing
the worst examples of prejudice.

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But these books are still found

131
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in mosques and schools
around the world -

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everywhere from Britain to
areas of Syria controlled by ISIS.

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No wonder thousands of Saudis

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joined ISIS
and and other terror groups

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because they were trained
in Saudi schools.

136
00:12:50,019 --> 00:12:52,023
From the foundation of Saudi Arabia,

137
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the support of the religious
establishment has been central

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to the royal family's grip on power.

139
00:12:59,011 --> 00:13:02,015
The regime uses
traditional Islamic punishments.

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Executions
are often carried out publicly

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00:13:07,010 --> 00:13:09,023
with one sword blow to the neck.

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The headless bodies are sometimes
then displayed publicly.

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According to human rights groups,
King Salman has asserted his rule

144
00:13:22,022 --> 00:13:24,017
by stepping up
the rate of executions

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to its highest level for 20 years.

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00:13:30,024 --> 00:13:35,019
In 2015,
Saudi Arabia executed 157 people.

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00:13:37,015 --> 00:13:41,010
This Burmese woman was convicted
of killing her stepdaughter.

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00:13:48,006 --> 00:13:50,011
(WOMAN SCREAMING)

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00:13:54,001 --> 00:13:56,010
This was filmed by a policeman.

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He was later arrested
after posting it online.

151
00:14:01,012 --> 00:14:05,022
The Saudi government claims only the
most serious criminals are executed,

152
00:14:05,023 --> 00:14:09,001
and punishments are carried out
in line with Sharia Law.

153
00:14:09,002 --> 00:14:13,002
They say trials are fair,
though human rights groups disagree.

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00:14:20,012 --> 00:14:23,013
(DISGUISED VOICE)

155
00:14:57,020 --> 00:15:00,013
In Saudi Arabia,
criticising the government,

156
00:15:00,014 --> 00:15:04,014
criticising religious people
are considered as acts of terror.

157
00:15:04,015 --> 00:15:09,009
People are reporting on each other,
targeting their fellow citizens,

158
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so everyone becomes, you know,
more religious than ever,

159
00:15:12,020 --> 00:15:15,022
everybody becomes
more pro-government than ever.

160
00:15:16,024 --> 00:15:19,001
So we are going into
a fascist society.

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00:15:19,002 --> 00:15:22,014
The Saudi government
says the anti-terror laws

162
00:15:22,015 --> 00:15:25,001
strikes a balance
between prevention of crimes

163
00:15:25,002 --> 00:15:28,008
and protection of human rights,
according to Islamic law.

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00:15:30,005 --> 00:15:32,024
One activist story
more than any other

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00:15:33,000 --> 00:15:36,000
encapsulates Saudi suppression
of free speech.

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00:15:46,010 --> 00:15:51,015
This is Raif Badawi, speaking
before his eventual arrest in 2012.

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00:16:33,010 --> 00:16:35,018
For most of his sentence,
Raif has been held

168
00:16:35,019 --> 00:16:40,003
in one of Saudi Arabia's
most notorious prisons - Briman.

169
00:16:42,021 --> 00:16:47,000
Saudi Arabia shows outsiders
state-of-the-art prisons,

170
00:16:47,001 --> 00:16:50,014
but people rarely see the reality.

171
00:16:50,015 --> 00:16:52,019
Since Raif was imprisoned,

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00:16:52,020 --> 00:16:56,011
Yasser's network has managed to
smuggle camera phones into Briman.

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00:17:01,017 --> 00:17:04,019
What they found
was chaos and lawlessness

174
00:17:04,020 --> 00:17:07,020
and prisoners injecting themselves.

175
00:17:07,021 --> 00:17:10,006
Here a prisoner is abused
by his fellow inmates.

176
00:17:24,004 --> 00:17:27,004
The British government
had approved a £6 million contract

177
00:17:27,005 --> 00:17:29,023
to train Saudis
on how to run its prisons.

178
00:17:29,024 --> 00:17:33,011
Amid the international outcry
about cases like Raif Badawi's,

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00:17:33,012 --> 00:17:36,003
it decided to cancel the deal,

180
00:17:36,004 --> 00:17:40,002
saying it was focusing its resources
on domestic priorities.

181
00:17:45,008 --> 00:17:48,021
Raif Badawi has received
no more lashes since the first 50,

182
00:17:48,022 --> 00:17:52,009
but his sentence of ten years
still stands.

183
00:17:53,018 --> 00:17:55,018
(APPLAUSE)

184
00:18:04,000 --> 00:18:07,010
Thousands of miles away,
his wife Ensaf and three children

185
00:18:07,011 --> 00:18:10,011
have received asylum
after escaping Saudi Arabia.

186
00:18:13,008 --> 00:18:16,014
They haven't seen their father
for four years.

187
00:18:47,003 --> 00:18:50,005
MAN: When does he think
he will see his dad again?

188
00:19:03,017 --> 00:19:05,017
Ten-year-old Dudi and his sisters

189
00:19:05,018 --> 00:19:09,005
only get very rare phone calls
with their father from prison.

190
00:19:11,004 --> 00:19:14,014
Their mother Ensaf works tirelessly
to keep up the family's morale

191
00:19:14,015 --> 00:19:17,011
and to raise pressure
for his release.

192
00:20:07,003 --> 00:20:09,015
Ensaf's campaigning
and international pressure

193
00:20:09,016 --> 00:20:13,008
mean that Raif's case
is up for review in a Saudi court.

194
00:20:33,000 --> 00:20:38,014
In part two, we go into Saudi Arabia
undercover ourselves

195
00:20:38,015 --> 00:20:41,014
and come face-to-face
with the Saudi state.

196
00:20:51,021 --> 00:20:56,016
Our undercover cameraman, Yasser, has
been filming for us at great risk.

197
00:20:56,017 --> 00:21:00,005
He and his network are trying
to reveal the other side
of our close ally.

198
00:21:05,013 --> 00:21:07,013
(SCREAMING)

199
00:21:07,014 --> 00:21:10,012
Saudi Arabia doesn't allow tourists

200
00:21:10,013 --> 00:21:13,009
and they don't allow journalists
to operate without minders.

201
00:21:14,011 --> 00:21:16,022
So we're flying into Riyadh
as businessmen

202
00:21:16,023 --> 00:21:18,023
after setting up a fake company.

203
00:21:29,011 --> 00:21:32,012
We're taking secret cameras
to record our trip.

204
00:21:36,000 --> 00:21:39,000
When we get to passport control,
there's a bad moment.

205
00:21:42,000 --> 00:21:44,013
The border guard looks directly
at our hidden camera.

206
00:21:58,008 --> 00:22:00,008
What's this?

207
00:22:06,014 --> 00:22:11,003
Now we're in Saudi Arabia,
all filming we do is forbidden.

208
00:22:14,011 --> 00:22:18,013
Our cover story is that we're here
for a business conference.

209
00:22:20,001 --> 00:22:23,022
On the way, we visit one of Saudi
Arabia's most notorious landmarks,

210
00:22:23,023 --> 00:22:25,023
known as Chop-Chop Square.

211
00:22:28,012 --> 00:22:31,024
It's the scene of many of
Saudi Arabia's public punishments

212
00:22:32,000 --> 00:22:34,002
and there's a heavy police presence.

213
00:22:37,010 --> 00:22:40,007
It has drainage for the blood
from the executions.

214
00:22:45,010 --> 00:22:47,017
Two Westerners in the middle of
Chop-Chop Square

215
00:22:47,018 --> 00:22:49,024
inevitably raise suspicion.

216
00:22:57,016 --> 00:23:00,005
We're going to
a cyber security conference

217
00:23:00,006 --> 00:23:05,009
representing Cyber Safe UK,
a company we've set up for this trip.

218
00:23:07,015 --> 00:23:10,004
We've been placed right next to
the Ministry of Interior,

219
00:23:10,005 --> 00:23:13,018
the very people who arrest activists
like Raif Badawi.

220
00:23:16,001 --> 00:23:18,015
And we're approached
by two senior police officers.

221
00:23:37,000 --> 00:23:39,023
This man is head of cyber security
for the Saudi police.

222
00:23:41,004 --> 00:23:44,001
He's keen to talk about his
connections to Britain and America.

223
00:24:00,009 --> 00:24:02,021
British police officers?
Oh, my...

224
00:24:02,022 --> 00:24:05,019
The British government
has been reluctant to make public

225
00:24:05,020 --> 00:24:08,008
details about its contract
to train the Saudi police.

226
00:24:09,021 --> 00:24:12,005
But now we are hearing about it
from two officers

227
00:24:12,006 --> 00:24:14,006
who have been through the training.

228
00:24:47,021 --> 00:24:49,021
Yeah, there's a close relationship.

229
00:24:49,022 --> 00:24:53,002
The British government
has since confirmed to us

230
00:24:53,003 --> 00:24:56,009
they have provided more than
300 Saudi officers with training

231
00:24:56,010 --> 00:24:58,010
since December 2012.

232
00:25:04,017 --> 00:25:08,018
Despite some reforms in education,
employment and politics
in recent years,

233
00:25:08,019 --> 00:25:12,003
women still don't have
the same legal rights as adult men.

234
00:25:12,004 --> 00:25:16,014
Women can't drive and struggle
to perform many simple tasks

235
00:25:16,015 --> 00:25:19,003
such as going to the doctor's
without a male guardian.

236
00:25:25,008 --> 00:25:28,012
In some cases of abuse,
the authorities do act,

237
00:25:28,013 --> 00:25:30,020
but if a woman is the victim
and tries to report it,

238
00:25:30,021 --> 00:25:33,007
the police may tell her
she needs a male relative

239
00:25:33,008 --> 00:25:35,008
to file a complaint.

240
00:25:37,009 --> 00:25:40,002
It's a tribal society and it's being
kept this way.

241
00:25:42,010 --> 00:25:46,011
Violence is a symptom of
the position of women in a society

242
00:25:46,012 --> 00:25:50,009
because it reflects how people
view the roles of women.

243
00:25:51,010 --> 00:25:54,024
The philosophy of the government
is to keep the control of the man

244
00:25:55,000 --> 00:25:57,003
or the power of the father,
basically.

245
00:25:57,004 --> 00:25:59,011
Violence is used
as a disciplinary way,

246
00:25:59,012 --> 00:26:01,012
or a controlling way.

247
00:26:04,009 --> 00:26:08,004
But some women in Saudi Arabia
are starting to fight back.

248
00:26:10,007 --> 00:26:13,017
One woman has become the figurehead
for the new women's rights movement.

249
00:26:15,004 --> 00:26:17,004
It's to meet her
that we've come to Saudi.

250
00:26:19,012 --> 00:26:23,024
Loujain Hathloul is Saudi Arabia's
most prominent women's activist,

251
00:26:24,000 --> 00:26:26,018
a constant thorn
in the side of the regime.

252
00:26:29,018 --> 00:26:31,017
She uploaded videos
of herself driving

253
00:26:31,018 --> 00:26:34,008
as part of a campaign
to change the ban against it.

254
00:26:45,007 --> 00:26:46,021
Moments after this was filmed,

255
00:26:46,022 --> 00:26:49,013
Loujain was arrested
trying to enter Saudi Arabia.

256
00:26:50,023 --> 00:26:54,012
She was imprisoned for 73 days
without trial.

257
00:26:57,017 --> 00:27:01,000
Eventually she was released,
but she is banned from travelling

258
00:27:01,001 --> 00:27:04,002
and she says she still has
terrorism charges against her.

259
00:27:06,004 --> 00:27:08,024
Despite the risk,
she is still happy to meet us.

260
00:27:09,000 --> 00:27:13,000
She may be under surveillance,
so we have to meet her
in a secret location.

261
00:27:15,011 --> 00:27:17,024
I've been threatened
since the beginning.

262
00:27:18,000 --> 00:27:23,008
My car was broken, I almost
got beaten up just because of
the campaign.

263
00:27:23,009 --> 00:27:25,022
People wrote me letters on Facebook

264
00:27:25,023 --> 00:27:31,011
and er...send me all sorts
of weapon pictures

265
00:27:31,012 --> 00:27:37,014
saying that if I continue I would
be murdered or my family harmed.

266
00:27:37,015 --> 00:27:41,009
Loujain's campaign sparked
a debate inside Saudi Arabia.

267
00:27:42,022 --> 00:27:44,022
To some women, she became a hero.

268
00:27:44,023 --> 00:27:47,023
To the more conservative elements,
a hate figure.

269
00:27:47,024 --> 00:27:50,014
I try to represent their rights.

270
00:27:50,015 --> 00:27:53,016
Some of them don't believe
that it's their own rights.

271
00:27:53,017 --> 00:27:55,017
They refuse it, they reject it.

272
00:27:55,018 --> 00:28:00,009
But I believe that they're
imprisoned in their own old ways

273
00:28:00,010 --> 00:28:06,005
and their old mindset,
or they just fear freedom.

274
00:28:08,006 --> 00:28:12,008
Although banned from activism,
Loujain hasn't stopped campaigning.

275
00:28:14,000 --> 00:28:18,000
She's registering as a candidate
in the 2015 municipal elections,

276
00:28:18,001 --> 00:28:20,017
the first in which Saudi women
can participate.

277
00:28:30,016 --> 00:28:34,009
It's scary. I'm not saying
it's not scary, but I'm continuing.

278
00:28:34,010 --> 00:28:38,000
I am not stopping. I am stepping -
shaking while stepping, yes -

279
00:28:38,001 --> 00:28:40,001
but I'm not giving up.

280
00:28:44,012 --> 00:28:46,011
We've managed to meet
a Saudi activist

281
00:28:46,012 --> 00:28:48,018
without being detected
by the security forces.

282
00:28:54,007 --> 00:28:57,002
But when we get back to the hotel,
there's a shock.

283
00:28:58,021 --> 00:29:01,014
The fake company website
we've set up has been hacked.

284
00:29:12,014 --> 00:29:14,016
We don't know
who's testing our cover story,

285
00:29:14,017 --> 00:29:17,020
but we're forced to leave early
and head straight to the airport.

286
00:29:20,011 --> 00:29:24,008
Hopefully there's no ban...
no travel ban on our passports.

287
00:29:26,007 --> 00:29:29,000
If we're discovered,
we know we'll be arrested.

288
00:29:39,022 --> 00:29:43,002
We'd got out, but Yasser
is still filming inside.

289
00:29:47,001 --> 00:29:51,000
One of his network is driving
to a region that's witnessed
serious unrest

290
00:29:51,001 --> 00:29:54,016
and the first signs of potential
cracks in Saudi rule.

291
00:29:57,022 --> 00:29:59,010
The east of Saudi Arabia

292
00:29:59,011 --> 00:30:02,015
is where most of the Shia Muslim
minority live.

293
00:30:02,016 --> 00:30:04,021
He's come to meet the family of a boy

294
00:30:04,022 --> 00:30:07,020
who has been condemned to death,
aged just 17.

295
00:30:10,003 --> 00:30:13,017
Ali Nimr's punishment marked
the beginning of what activists say

296
00:30:13,018 --> 00:30:16,003
is a dangerous new phase
for the Saudi regime.

297
00:30:27,023 --> 00:30:29,023
(CHILD SQUEALING)

298
00:30:47,002 --> 00:30:50,002
In 2011, Ali Nimr was a schoolboy

299
00:30:50,003 --> 00:30:53,009
who joined in street protests
inspired by the Arab Spring.

300
00:30:53,010 --> 00:30:55,010
(CHANTING)

301
00:30:55,011 --> 00:30:59,007
Young Shia men hit the streets
in unprecedented numbers

302
00:30:59,008 --> 00:31:01,017
in a country
where protests are illegal.

303
00:31:06,015 --> 00:31:07,024
As the days passed,

304
00:31:08,000 --> 00:31:11,019
the confrontations with the security
forces became more intense.

305
00:31:13,021 --> 00:31:16,014
The Saudi police reacted
to the protesters with bullets.

306
00:31:19,002 --> 00:31:21,006
Scenes like this
have raised questions

307
00:31:21,007 --> 00:31:23,014
about Britain's contract
to train Saudi police.

308
00:31:23,015 --> 00:31:25,015
(GUNFIRE)

309
00:31:30,007 --> 00:31:32,024
Protests sprung up
in other parts of the country

310
00:31:33,000 --> 00:31:35,022
and activists
like our cameraman Yasser

311
00:31:35,023 --> 00:31:38,007
sensed weakness in the regime
for the first time.

312
00:32:08,006 --> 00:32:12,002
Eventually, after tens of protesters
were killed and many more arrested,

313
00:32:12,003 --> 00:32:15,005
the regime succeeded in putting down
the uprising.

314
00:32:23,016 --> 00:32:26,000
Ali recorded his anger
at the police's reaction

315
00:32:26,001 --> 00:32:28,010
in this confrontation
outside a police station.

316
00:32:32,013 --> 00:32:35,007
Soon after this was recorded,
Ali was arrested.

317
00:32:36,014 --> 00:32:40,022
He was charged with numerous offences
including throwing a Molotov cocktail

318
00:32:40,023 --> 00:32:42,024
and organising protests
by text message.

319
00:32:44,005 --> 00:32:46,016
His family say he was
tortured into confessing.

320
00:33:18,009 --> 00:33:21,002
The punishment for treason
is beheading,

321
00:33:21,003 --> 00:33:23,008
followed by being publicly crucified.

322
00:33:28,007 --> 00:33:31,012
But some felt Ali was being punished
because of this man.

323
00:33:31,013 --> 00:33:34,002
Sheikh Nimr was Ali's uncle.

324
00:33:34,003 --> 00:33:37,006
He was seen as the spiritual leader
of the protests.

325
00:34:19,005 --> 00:34:22,014
The British government says
it has lobbied to spare Ali
the death penalty.

326
00:34:24,009 --> 00:34:28,009
But in September 2015,
Ali's death sentence was confirmed

327
00:34:28,010 --> 00:34:30,010
with no more chance to appeal.

328
00:34:33,016 --> 00:34:35,000
In the same week,

329
00:34:35,001 --> 00:34:40,013
it was revealed that Saudi Arabia was
made the chair of the UN Human Rights
Council panel of experts.

330
00:34:50,011 --> 00:34:54,019
Ensaf, the wife of Raif Badawi,
the blogger sentenced to 1,000 lashes

331
00:34:54,020 --> 00:34:57,015
is in Strasbourg to collect an award
on his behalf.

332
00:35:00,012 --> 00:35:03,002
It's good for her campaign,

333
00:35:03,003 --> 00:35:06,003
but the review of Raif's case in the
Saudi courts has not gone well.

334
00:35:26,000 --> 00:35:28,002
In response to his appeal
being denied,

335
00:35:28,003 --> 00:35:30,019
she says Raif has begun
a hunger strike.

336
00:36:13,003 --> 00:36:16,020
In part three, we uncover
how internal Saudi ideology

337
00:36:16,021 --> 00:36:18,021
has been spread around the world.

338
00:36:27,024 --> 00:36:29,008
For more than 70 years,

339
00:36:29,009 --> 00:36:33,010
Saudi Arabia has been Britain and the
West's key ally in the Arab world.

340
00:36:34,016 --> 00:36:36,016
The government says
they've kept us safe

341
00:36:36,017 --> 00:36:39,012
by sharing intelligence
and helping us fight terrorism

342
00:36:39,013 --> 00:36:41,013
and foil attacks.

343
00:36:41,014 --> 00:36:43,014
Very, very nice to see you.

344
00:36:43,015 --> 00:36:45,023
Since David Cameron's government
came to power,

345
00:36:45,024 --> 00:36:49,020
we've sold Saudi Arabia
more than £5b of weapons.

346
00:36:55,013 --> 00:36:58,015
Saudi Arabia has been
a very important partner.

347
00:36:58,016 --> 00:37:03,002
We've got our oil from them, we've
sold weapons technology to them

348
00:37:03,003 --> 00:37:05,020
and they have been an ally
in providing intelligence

349
00:37:05,021 --> 00:37:08,024
about low-level Al Qaeda activities.

350
00:37:10,006 --> 00:37:13,009
But there's an irony there and that
is because actually Al Qaeda

351
00:37:13,010 --> 00:37:17,003
stems from an extreme interpretation
of Wahhabi Salafism,

352
00:37:17,004 --> 00:37:19,010
which is the official religion
of Saudi Arabia,

353
00:37:19,011 --> 00:37:23,015
which has been spreading
around the world since 1979.

354
00:37:23,016 --> 00:37:26,014
Erm...so there's an ambivalence
to that relationship.

355
00:37:30,011 --> 00:37:34,000
The Saudis have spent
at least $70 billion

356
00:37:34,001 --> 00:37:36,015
spreading Wahhabi Islam
around the world.

357
00:37:36,016 --> 00:37:40,002
But they've always denied any
official link to terrorism...

358
00:37:41,008 --> 00:37:43,008
..and are now preparing
to send troops in

359
00:37:43,009 --> 00:37:45,002
to fight against ISIS in Syria.

360
00:37:48,019 --> 00:37:50,013
But evidence has come to light,

361
00:37:50,014 --> 00:37:53,009
related to the most high-profile
terror attack of all.

362
00:37:56,000 --> 00:37:57,020
Holy shit!

363
00:38:03,001 --> 00:38:07,012
15 of the 19 hijackers on 9/11
were Saudi citizens.

364
00:38:07,013 --> 00:38:11,015
Osama Bin Laden himself
came from a prominent Saudi family.

365
00:38:13,021 --> 00:38:15,017
It prompted the United States

366
00:38:15,018 --> 00:38:18,018
to investigate Saudi links
to terrorist organisations.

367
00:38:21,001 --> 00:38:23,024
There were individuals
within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,

368
00:38:24,000 --> 00:38:25,020
some of them prominent citizens,

369
00:38:25,021 --> 00:38:28,013
some of them people
with ties to the royal family,

370
00:38:28,014 --> 00:38:31,018
who were funnelling funds
to all kinds of activities.

371
00:38:31,019 --> 00:38:34,023
We saw tremendous amounts
of money were going

372
00:38:34,024 --> 00:38:38,013
to promote a Wahhabi variation
of Sunni Islam.

373
00:38:38,014 --> 00:38:42,018
And that led to, I think,
mostly unintended consequences,

374
00:38:42,019 --> 00:38:46,006
but theyshould have been
recognisable consequences.

375
00:38:48,010 --> 00:38:51,010
According to US Government documents
we've obtained,

376
00:38:51,011 --> 00:38:54,013
a pattern emerged of Islamic
charities supporting terrorism.

377
00:38:56,018 --> 00:38:58,010
The CIA reported that governments

378
00:38:58,011 --> 00:39:01,021
in the Islamic world had supported
the charities' religious activities,

379
00:39:01,022 --> 00:39:06,001
but were unable to monitor them
or how their money was used.

380
00:39:06,002 --> 00:39:09,002
The name of one charity came up
repeatedly -

381
00:39:09,003 --> 00:39:12,013
the Saudi High Commission
for Bosnia and Herzegovina.

382
00:39:14,017 --> 00:39:17,004
It was set up in Sarajevo
by Saudi Arabia

383
00:39:17,005 --> 00:39:21,017
and provided more than £300 million
in aid for Bosnian Muslims.

384
00:39:21,018 --> 00:39:26,008
The Saudi High Commission was
a significant state-funded charity,

385
00:39:26,009 --> 00:39:30,009
and it was tied in certain instances
to financing terrorism,

386
00:39:30,010 --> 00:39:32,013
in particular in Bosnia,
for example.

387
00:39:32,014 --> 00:39:34,023
There were people within
this institution

388
00:39:34,024 --> 00:39:38,004
who were funnelling funds
to terrorist groups at the time.

389
00:39:40,001 --> 00:39:42,017
But more than allegations
of passing on money,

390
00:39:42,018 --> 00:39:46,015
we've found evidence the Saudi High
Commission was providing employment

391
00:39:46,016 --> 00:39:48,013
and cover for terrorists.

392
00:39:50,020 --> 00:39:54,005
Inside this New York courthouse
are boxes of evidence

393
00:39:54,006 --> 00:39:56,019
for a case brought by the families
of 9/11 victims

394
00:39:56,020 --> 00:39:59,023
against the Saudi government
and the Saudi High Commission.

395
00:40:01,015 --> 00:40:04,000
The families
are currently appealing their case

396
00:40:04,001 --> 00:40:07,012
after it was dismissed last year
on the grounds of sovereign immunity.

397
00:40:08,014 --> 00:40:10,011
Among the material is this tape,

398
00:40:10,012 --> 00:40:14,012
recorded testimony from a convicted
Al Qaeda terrorist.

399
00:40:15,022 --> 00:40:18,012
It's never before been broadcast.

400
00:40:18,013 --> 00:40:20,016
(SPEAKS NATIVE TONGUE)

401
00:40:20,017 --> 00:40:23,001
This is Ali Hamad, a jihadi

402
00:40:23,002 --> 00:40:27,001
who fought with the mujahideen
in Afghanistan and Bosnia.

403
00:40:27,002 --> 00:40:28,023
He alleges he
and others were employed

404
00:40:28,024 --> 00:40:30,018
by the Saudi High Commission

405
00:40:30,019 --> 00:40:33,024
and that local officials
at the charity knew

406
00:40:34,000 --> 00:40:36,011
that he was linked to Al Qaeda.

407
00:40:36,012 --> 00:40:39,020
He says Bosnia was seen
as a crucial foothold in Europe

408
00:40:39,021 --> 00:40:42,007
for Al Qaeda to plan future attacks.

409
00:40:52,001 --> 00:40:56,009
Hamad was later involved in setting
off a car bomb in Bosnia in 1997

410
00:40:56,010 --> 00:40:58,011
after the war had ended.

411
00:40:59,020 --> 00:41:02,012
It was apparently
designed to kill non-Muslims

412
00:41:02,013 --> 00:41:04,012
and reignite the fighting there.

413
00:41:08,007 --> 00:41:10,023
Documents obtained by lawyers
for the 9/11 families

414
00:41:10,024 --> 00:41:14,024
also reveal Washington knew about
the charity's direct links to terror.

415
00:41:17,003 --> 00:41:20,007
But it was only after 9/11
that action was taken.

416
00:41:21,013 --> 00:41:23,012
NATO's heightened state
of security...

417
00:41:23,013 --> 00:41:25,015
Two weeks after the 9/11 attacks,

418
00:41:25,016 --> 00:41:29,001
NATO special forces raided
the charity's offices in Sarajevo.

419
00:41:29,002 --> 00:41:32,004
Are you saying
that you have evidence

420
00:41:32,005 --> 00:41:35,023
of Al Qaeda's activities
here in Bosnia?Yes.

421
00:41:35,024 --> 00:41:39,005
We've spoken to another
senior officer involved in the raid,

422
00:41:39,006 --> 00:41:43,002
who described the material they
uncovered as 'very disturbing'.

423
00:41:45,004 --> 00:41:48,010
A hard drive of maps
of military buildings in Washington,

424
00:41:48,011 --> 00:41:51,002
information on how to fake
State Department badges

425
00:41:51,003 --> 00:41:55,003
and before-and-after pictures
of the World Trade Center.

426
00:41:59,000 --> 00:42:00,017
The scope of the evidence,

427
00:42:00,018 --> 00:42:02,024
the number of people
with terrorist connections

428
00:42:03,000 --> 00:42:05,001
who were affiliated
with this organisation,

429
00:42:05,002 --> 00:42:07,024
the amount of money that flowed
out of it, undermines the notion

430
00:42:08,000 --> 00:42:10,020
that it was a purely legitimate
humanitarian organisation.

431
00:42:10,021 --> 00:42:13,001
There was certainly
something else going on.

432
00:42:16,004 --> 00:42:18,017
Documents filed in court confirm

433
00:42:18,018 --> 00:42:21,024
that the Saudi High Commission was
an official arm of its government,

434
00:42:22,000 --> 00:42:24,008
which provided a third
of its funding.

435
00:42:26,021 --> 00:42:30,013
And that the charity's president
throughout this period was the man

436
00:42:30,014 --> 00:42:34,011
whose face now hangs
over the streets of Riyadh -

437
00:42:34,012 --> 00:42:37,014
at the time Prince, now King Salman.

438
00:42:38,018 --> 00:42:42,014
And Saudi media reported
he visited its offices in Sarajevo

439
00:42:42,015 --> 00:42:44,011
a year before it was raided.

440
00:42:47,022 --> 00:42:52,013
The Saudi High Commission
was linkedto radical individuals

441
00:42:52,014 --> 00:42:56,004
who, in several different instances,

442
00:42:56,005 --> 00:42:59,011
were allegedly involved
with Al Qaeda.

443
00:42:59,012 --> 00:43:03,009
That suggests to me
a questionable sense of judgement

444
00:43:03,010 --> 00:43:07,003
about what thedrivers of terrorism
historically have been.

445
00:43:07,004 --> 00:43:10,016
King Salman could or should have
done a better job

446
00:43:10,017 --> 00:43:14,014
in exerting oversightover the
organisations in which he was chair.

447
00:43:16,023 --> 00:43:19,005
The Saudi government in the past
has said

448
00:43:19,006 --> 00:43:22,009
that none of its agencies knowingly
provided funds to Al Qaeda

449
00:43:22,010 --> 00:43:24,006
or other terrorist groups.

450
00:43:24,007 --> 00:43:26,018
There is no suggestion King Salman,
the royal family

451
00:43:26,019 --> 00:43:29,012
or senior Saudi officials knew about,
or were involved in,

452
00:43:29,013 --> 00:43:33,011
the alleged support for terrorism 
at the Saudi High Commission.

453
00:43:33,012 --> 00:43:35,006
The 9/11 Commission said

454
00:43:35,007 --> 00:43:37,020
that although Saudi Arabia
had long been considered

455
00:43:37,021 --> 00:43:39,018
the primary source
of Al Qaeda funding,

456
00:43:39,019 --> 00:43:42,014
it had found no evidence
that the Saudi government

457
00:43:42,015 --> 00:43:45,011
or senior officials individually
funded Al Qaeda,

458
00:43:45,012 --> 00:43:48,003
but that this did not exclude
the likelihood

459
00:43:48,004 --> 00:43:51,014
that charities with significant
Saudi government sponsorship

460
00:43:51,015 --> 00:43:53,012
diverted funds to Al Qaeda.

461
00:43:55,014 --> 00:43:58,013
Since 9/11, Saudi Arabia
has wanted to show the world

462
00:43:58,014 --> 00:44:00,015
that they are tackling terrorism.

463
00:44:00,016 --> 00:44:04,013
They themselves have been the target
of attacks and they have passed laws

464
00:44:04,014 --> 00:44:07,013
to clamp down on private donations
from inside the Kingdom.

465
00:44:07,014 --> 00:44:10,013
They have carried out airstrikes
against ISIS

466
00:44:10,014 --> 00:44:13,021
and are now preparing for
a ground war against them in Syria.

467
00:44:13,022 --> 00:44:19,003
They also deny Saudi Arabia
supports ISIS ideologically.

468
00:44:19,004 --> 00:44:21,017
But many feel that it is
the underlying Wahhabi

469
00:44:21,018 --> 00:44:23,015
ideology that's the wider problem.

470
00:44:25,021 --> 00:44:30,024
The ideology of ISIS is not much
different from the ideology

471
00:44:31,000 --> 00:44:35,001
that Wahhabi Salafi Islam
in Saudi Arabia adheres to.

472
00:44:36,016 --> 00:44:40,001
Unless the Saudis
deal with this issue,

473
00:44:40,002 --> 00:44:43,019
we are going to constantly fight
yesterday's war,

474
00:44:43,020 --> 00:44:46,013
and even if we defeat ISIS,

475
00:44:46,014 --> 00:44:48,019
there'll be another terrorist
organisation,

476
00:44:48,020 --> 00:44:50,017
perhaps with a different name,

477
00:44:50,018 --> 00:44:55,015
as long as they have this ideology
that emanates from Saudi Arabia.

478
00:45:00,007 --> 00:45:02,001
I think our national interest

479
00:45:02,002 --> 00:45:04,020
needs to take into account
the very real threat

480
00:45:04,021 --> 00:45:10,000
that the ideology that comes
from there is posing to us.

481
00:45:10,001 --> 00:45:14,003
We see this in ISIS, we see it
in our domestic terrorism.

482
00:45:16,004 --> 00:45:18,015
And so I think that, morally,
we need to make a stand.

483
00:45:18,016 --> 00:45:22,000
I think the chickens are coming home
to roost on this one.

484
00:45:23,003 --> 00:45:25,008
King Salman's government
says it is leading

485
00:45:25,009 --> 00:45:27,019
a crackdown on terrorism
at home as well as abroad.

486
00:45:29,016 --> 00:45:31,019
They have led a coalition
against an uprising

487
00:45:31,020 --> 00:45:33,018
by a Shia militia
in neighbouring Yemen,

488
00:45:33,019 --> 00:45:37,012
using British and American weaponry
in a widespread bombing campaign.

489
00:45:39,009 --> 00:45:41,019
(EXPLOSION)

490
00:45:41,020 --> 00:45:46,009
And on the 2nd January, 2016,
they announced the execution

491
00:45:46,010 --> 00:45:50,000
of 47 men for terrorist offences
in Saudi Arabia.

492
00:45:50,001 --> 00:45:53,010
TV NEWS: 'Saudi Arabia says
it has arrested 47 people...'

493
00:45:53,011 --> 00:45:56,018
It was the largest mass execution
since 1980.

494
00:45:58,014 --> 00:46:01,010
Whilst many were convicted Al Qaeda
terrorists,

495
00:46:01,011 --> 00:46:04,009
several others
were political activists.

496
00:46:06,011 --> 00:46:08,021
Ali Nimr was spared for now,

497
00:46:08,022 --> 00:46:13,002
but his uncle, the Shia cleric
Sheikh Nimr, was executed.

498
00:46:13,003 --> 00:46:16,010
(PROTESTORS CHANT)

499
00:46:16,011 --> 00:46:18,024
This new footage
smuggled out by Yasser's network

500
00:46:19,000 --> 00:46:21,020
in the last few weeks
shows how his execution

501
00:46:21,021 --> 00:46:26,009
has sparked the first major protests
in the East since the Arab Spring.

502
00:46:39,018 --> 00:46:41,018
(SPEAKS NATIVE LANGUAGE)

503
00:47:03,020 --> 00:47:07,006
The execution of Sheikh Nimr
is a signal

504
00:47:07,007 --> 00:47:10,024
that the Saudis were sending
not to the Shia only,

505
00:47:11,000 --> 00:47:13,010
but to all dissidents -

506
00:47:13,011 --> 00:47:18,010
secular and Islamic - that they
will not tolerate any dissent.

507
00:47:18,011 --> 00:47:23,002
Because they are viscerally
opposed to sharing power.

508
00:47:25,011 --> 00:47:27,017
The executions
have clearly had an effect

509
00:47:27,018 --> 00:47:29,017
on the activists we've been filming.

510
00:47:31,008 --> 00:47:34,003
Yasser has now been working
undercover for six months,

511
00:47:34,004 --> 00:47:37,002
every day risking arrest.

512
00:47:37,003 --> 00:47:39,016
But he tells us
that after the executions,

513
00:47:39,017 --> 00:47:42,016
the situation has become
too risky to continue.

514
00:47:42,017 --> 00:47:44,017
(SPEAKS NATIVE LANGUAGE)

515
00:47:55,023 --> 00:47:58,023
The elections, billed as a great
advance for women's rights,

516
00:47:58,024 --> 00:48:00,019
went ahead.

517
00:48:00,020 --> 00:48:04,016
But women's activist Loujain Hathloul
was missing from the ballot.

518
00:48:04,017 --> 00:48:07,014
Definitely, yeah,
I'm a troublemaker for them.

519
00:48:07,015 --> 00:48:09,019
That's why they don't really...

520
00:48:09,020 --> 00:48:13,013
Actually, I think it's about me
being a very vocal person

521
00:48:13,014 --> 00:48:16,004
about human rights
and women's rights.

522
00:48:21,000 --> 00:48:24,020
Unfortunately, the religious
establishment is not really aligned

523
00:48:24,021 --> 00:48:29,014
with any of the economic, social

524
00:48:29,015 --> 00:48:32,019
or best interests of the 30 million
people living in Saudi Arabia.

525
00:48:34,004 --> 00:48:37,000
Their needs and best interests
and voices should be heard.

526
00:48:37,001 --> 00:48:39,014
It will continue to be an issue
for the people

527
00:48:39,015 --> 00:48:41,017
and political system
until it's resolved.

528
00:48:41,018 --> 00:48:44,012
It's not gonna go away because
people are being imprisoned,

529
00:48:44,013 --> 00:48:46,004
or even executed.

530
00:48:52,008 --> 00:48:55,003
A year since Raif Badawi
was publicly flogged,

531
00:48:55,004 --> 00:48:57,016
he is still serving out
his ten-year sentence.

532
00:49:03,022 --> 00:49:08,001
His wife Ensaf hasn't heard from him
since the executions happened.

533
00:49:49,004 --> 00:49:52,009
In response to the film
the Foreign Office told us -

534
00:49:52,010 --> 00:49:54,015
MAN: Only by working
with Saudi Arabia

535
00:49:54,016 --> 00:49:57,012
can we bring about changes
we would like to see.

536
00:49:57,013 --> 00:49:59,020
We regularly raise with them
the importance

537
00:49:59,021 --> 00:50:02,001
of compliance
with international law,

538
00:50:02,002 --> 00:50:04,008
including in the Yemen conflict.

539
00:50:04,009 --> 00:50:09,001
Senior Saudi leaders have condemned
sectarianism and ISIS' ideology.

540
00:50:10,006 --> 00:50:12,022
Our police training
undergoes strict assessment

541
00:50:12,023 --> 00:50:15,021
and is designed to improve
human rights compliance

542
00:50:15,022 --> 00:50:19,023
of the Saudi justice system.
Our arms sales are subject to

543
00:50:19,024 --> 00:50:23,024
one of the most robust
export controlregimes in the world.

544
00:50:24,000 --> 00:50:27,017
We are extremely concerned
about Raif Badawi

545
00:50:27,018 --> 00:50:31,003
and have raised his case
at very senior levels.

546
00:50:31,004 --> 00:50:36,000
The Saudi government has assured us
that Ali Nimr will not be executed.

547
00:50:36,023 --> 00:50:38,022
The Saudi Government told us -

548
00:50:38,023 --> 00:50:42,001
MAN: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
utterly rejects the partisan nature

549
00:50:42,002 --> 00:50:44,010
and sensationalist tone
of this documentary,

550
00:50:44,011 --> 00:50:46,002
which sets out
to portray the country

551
00:50:46,003 --> 00:50:49,000
in a negative and unbalanced light.
The Kingdom's legal system

552
00:50:49,001 --> 00:50:52,009
is based on the due process
of Islamic Sharia Law.

553
00:50:52,010 --> 00:50:55,003
The Kingdom is at the forefront
of international efforts

554
00:50:55,004 --> 00:50:57,005
to combat terrorism
and will pursue anyone

555
00:50:57,006 --> 00:50:59,013
who supports and funds
terrorist activity,

556
00:50:59,014 --> 00:51:02,022
and to suggest otherwise is a slur.
In keeping with its biased agenda,

557
00:51:02,023 --> 00:51:05,009
ITV chose to undertake
covert filming

558
00:51:05,010 --> 00:51:08,015
when they could have applied for
and received a journalistic visa,

559
00:51:08,016 --> 00:51:10,016
like many of their counterparts.

560
00:51:12,018 --> 00:51:15,006
(GUNSHOT)

561
00:51:15,007 --> 00:51:18,000
Activists say they're
being forced underground,

562
00:51:18,001 --> 00:51:20,004
but with the spread
of phones and cameras,

563
00:51:20,005 --> 00:51:21,022
it has become impossible

564
00:51:21,023 --> 00:51:24,015
for the regime to control
what the world sees.

565
00:51:24,016 --> 00:51:26,016
(GUNFIRE)

566
00:51:57,021 --> 00:52:01,017
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