NETFLIX 原创纪录片系列
For centuries, refined sugar was an unobtainable luxury. 几个世纪以来 精制糖是一种难以获得的奢侈品
Now, we eat 170 million tons a year. 现在我们每年吃到1.7亿吨
But the sweetest thing about sugar is selling it. 但是糖最甜蜜的地方是售卖
The people who ran the sugar companies were making money hand-over-fist 经营糖业公司的人赚得盆满钵满
and still are as we sit here. 在我们谈话的时候 他们还在赚钱
The best estimates say 保守估计 糖业项目的成本
the sugar program costs the U.S. consumer 花费美国消费者
three to four billion dollars a year. 每年30到40亿美元
For years, American sugarcane growers faced accusations 多年来 美国甘蔗种植者一直面临指控
of exploiting and abusing their workers. 剥削和虐待他们的工人
The sugarcane cutters knew they weren't being paid what they should be paid. 甘蔗收割者知道 他们没有得到应有的报酬
But if you complained, you got driven to the airport and sent home. 但如果你抱怨 你就会被开车送到机场送回家
The work is still brutal. 这项工作仍然很残酷
And some workers are still powerless. 一些工人仍然无能为力
Sometimes, I have food. Sometimes, I don't. 有时我有食物有时没有
Do you know how much I got paid this week? 你知道我这周的工资是多少吗？
Look at this: 325 pesos. 看看这个 325比索
Even the landscape has been bent to sugar's will, 甚至连自然也被糖的意志所左右
and it may never get the chance to fully recover. 它可能永远没有机会完全恢复
We're letting special interests in US Sugar and Florida Crystals dictate how our water was managed, 我们让美国蔗糖和佛州之晶 特殊利益集团支配了
and ultimately, dictate the future of our fisheries. 我们的水如何管理 最终来支配我们渔业的未来
It's harvest time in the Beta San Miguel sugar fields in Jalisco State, Mexico. 墨西哥哈利斯科州贝塔圣米格尔糖场 的收获季节到了
That means it's time to set the farms on fire. 这意味着是时候放火烧掉农场了
Burning the cane before the harvest 在收割前焚烧甘蔗是为了
is to protect the cane cutters from cutting their hands and so on, 防止切甘蔗的人把他们的手切伤
（约瑟平托 贝塔圣米格尔主席）
because the leaves of the sugarcane are like razor blades. 因为甘蔗的叶子就像刀片
We burn the sugarcane at night to minimize danger. 我们在夜间焚烧甘蔗以减少危险
During the day, the sun is shining. There's too much heat, 在白天
and we could lose control. 太热了 我们可能会失控
We could burn the light poles or the telephone poles. 我们可能会烧掉电线杆或电话杆
Mario, are you going to keep cutting? 马里奥 你还要继续切吗？
It's 10:30. 十点半了
One more, no? 再一个 不要了？
Yeah, that way we don't have that much for tomorrow. 是的 那样我们明天就没有那么多了
Carlos García oversees burning and cane cutting 卡洛斯加西亚 负责管理农民的焚烧和甘蔗采伐
for farmers that supply Beta San Miguel. 来提供给贝塔圣米格尔
When the sugarcane is ripe, only the weeds burn. 甘蔗成熟时 只有野草燃烧
If we take the cane without burning it first, 如果我们不烧就收割甘蔗
it'd be impossible to process 那就不可能处理
because it'd get stuck on the blades and the brushes. 因为它会粘在刀刃和刷子上
（卡洛斯加西亚 甘蔗农民）
It'd have so much debris, it wouldn't fit in the plant. 它会有这么多残渣 不适合放在工厂里
We burned yesterday. 我们昨天刚烧过
We cut and pick today, so the sugarcane is fresh. 我们今天收割甘蔗 这样甘蔗就新鲜了
We have to be careful. 我们要格外小心
If we burn too much and don't cut and pick it right away, it dries up. 如果我们烧得太多 不马上把它收割 它就会干枯
Sugarcane is a grass. 甘蔗是一种草
You cut it, and it grows back again. 你剪掉它 它又长出来了
And if you take very good care of your field, 如果你很好地照顾你的土地
it can continue for seven, eight years. 它可以持续七、八年
Each pile weighs approximately between 200 and 250 kilos. 每一堆的重量大约在 200到250公斤之间
One ton is four or five piles. 一吨是四五堆
Each cutter cuts between six and eight piles. 每个切割机切割六到八堆
It's hard, but that's a day's worth. 这很难 但这是一天的收获
They have a short work day. 他们的工作日很短
A lot of cutters like to work here 很多收割农民喜欢在这里工作
because we have health insurance for six months. 因为我们有六个月的健康保险
It also covers our families. 也可以保家里人
The men who cut this cane are called ca?eros. 砍这根甘蔗的人叫坎厄洛斯
For every ton of cane they chop and stack, 他们每砍一吨甘蔗把它们堆成一堆
they will be paid $2.30. 他们可以拿到两美金30美分
Harvesting sugarcane is a notoriously grueling 收割甘蔗是一件出了名的苦差事
and dangerous practice. 也很危险
The cane is tough and awkward, 甘蔗很硬而且很别扭
and when harvested manually, can take a brutal toll on the ca?ero. 当手工收割时 会对坎厄洛斯造成很大的伤害
But farmers often prefer manual cutting 但是农民们通常更喜欢手工切割 而不是使用更有效率
to the more efficient and less hazardous harvester. 以及危险性较低的收割机
A lot of producers don't like to use the machine 许多收割者不喜欢使用这台机器
because a lot of times, it takes the root out, 因为很多时候它会把根拔出来
so the next year, there's less sugarcane. 所以下一年甘蔗就少了
Manual cutting only cuts the cane, not the root. 手工切只会切甘蔗不会切到根部
The farmer is paid about $35 per ton by the mill where the sugar is processed. 糖料加工厂每吨付给农民35美元
Over 5,500 individual farmers send their cane to this one mill, 超过5500名农民 把他们的甘蔗送到这个工厂
the San Francisco Ameca Mill in Jalisco. 哈利斯科的圣弗朗西斯卡阿美咔工厂
Here we're going to the feeding tables. 这里我们要去处理台
The crane feeds the sugarcane 吊车把甘蔗
so it can be shredded 送过去 然后搅碎
and fed to the mills to extract the juice. 然后送到工厂榨汁
（弗朗西斯科格雷罗 贝塔圣米格尔雇员）
Sugarcane is the source of 80% of the world's sugar. 甘蔗是世界上百分之80的糖的来源
The rest is mostly made from beets. 其余的大部分由甜菜制成
It takes almost nine tons of sugarcane to produce one ton of raw sugar. 生产一吨原糖需要近九吨甘蔗
Over a million tons of cane are crushed at this mill each year, 这个工厂每年要粉碎100多万吨甘蔗
producing 120,000 tons of raw sugar. 生产原糖12万吨
This is the mills' tandem 这是工厂的串联车
where the shredded sugarcane has been fed. 处理搅碎的甘蔗
It goes through five mills 要通过五个碾磨机
so all the juice can be extracted. 这样糖汁才能被榨取出来
From there, all the leftover pulp goes to the cauldrons, 从那里 所有剩余的果肉进入坩埚
and the juice goes to be processed. 糖汁被加工
This is the cane juice tank. 这是甘蔗汁桶
The juice extracted from the five mills is stored here. 被五个碾磨机处理的糖汁 都在这里被储藏
Later, it's pumped to the manufacturing area 然后它被泵提取到制造区域
so it can be processed. 这样就可以处理
It still has a lot of impurities. 它仍然有很多杂质
Mexico produces almost six and a half million tons of sugar annually, 墨西哥每年生产近650万吨糖
and 20% of that is produced by Beta San Miguel. 其中百分之20都在贝塔圣米格尔生产
All the cane syrup's impurities are on top. 所有的糖浆杂质都在上面
We separate them to create a clear juice. 我们把它们分开 形成一种清汁
This is the cane syrup tester. 这是甘蔗糖浆测试仪
We check the cane syrup's color 我们检查甘蔗糖浆的颜色
to make sure it doesn't have any impurities. 确保它没有任何杂质
The syrup is put in a boiler 糖浆被放进锅里
with seed crystals to aid the crystallization process. 与晶体种子一起 以协助结晶过程
The liquid and crystals are separated using a centrifuge. 液体和晶体用离心机分离
Then, crystals go through a dryer to create raw sugar. 然后晶体通过干燥器产生原糖
This is how the cane syrup goes to the next process 这就是甘蔗糖浆
to form the sugar crystals. 下一步是要来形成糖晶体
Sucrose, the sugar in cane and in beets, 蔗糖是甘蔗和甜菜中的糖
remains the single most used sweetener in the industrial world. 仍然是工业世界中使用最多的甜味剂
That's because sucrose has unique molecular properties 这是因为蔗糖具有独特的分子特性
that make food more appealing. 这使得食物更有吸引力
The crystals trap air, making cakes and breads lighter and softer. 这种晶体能截留空气 使蛋糕和面包变得更轻更软
Sucrose molecules bind well to water, keeping foods moist. 蔗糖分子很容易与水结合 保持食物湿润度
The sugar from Beta San Miguel will go directly 来自贝塔圣米格尔的糖 将直接进入消费者手中
to the consumer in the supermarket 进入超市 以及供给工业客户
and to industrial clients for soft drinks, bakeries, and the dairy industry. 用于软饮料、面包店和乳制品行业
But where the sugar refiners in Mexico would really like to sell their sugar 但是墨西哥的制糖商非常想
is to the US. 在美国销售他们的糖
Americans eat more refined sugar than anyone else, 美国人比任何人都吃更多的精制糖
about 40 pounds per person per year. 每人每年大约食用40磅
That's about one and a half cups a week. 大约一周一杯半
But it's not just the huge market that attracts sellers. 但吸引卖家的不仅仅是 一个巨大的市场
Everybody wants to send sugar to the United States 每个人都想把糖送到美国
because it has the highest price of imports. 因为它的进口价格最高
（纯砂糖）
Over the last five years, 过去五年来
the average world market price for raw sugar has been 15 cents per pound. 世界原糖的平均市场价格 为每磅15美分
In the US, that price is 25 cents, 40% higher. 在美国 价格是25美分 要高40个百分比
（优质纯蔗糖 美国产品）
That's not the invisible hand of the free market at work. 这不是自由市场的无形之手在起作用
Forget free market. Free market is bullshit. 忘记自由市场 自由市场是胡扯
There's no free market when it comes to these things. 在这些物品上没有自由市场
This is a controlled market that benefits a handful of companies. 这是一个受控的市场 少数公司从中受益
The sugar program is effectively designed 糖业项目得到了有效的设计
（文森特史密斯 经济学教授 蒙大拿州立大学）
to certainly highly benefit 可以让种植糖的农民和加工厂
farmers who raise sugar and processors who process them. 得到更高的利益
The US sugar program has three protectionist pillars. 美国的糖业项目有三大保护主义支柱
（美国纯蔗糖产品）
It limits the amount of sugar that can be produced in the US, 它限制了美国可以生产的糖的数量
it restricts imports, 限制了进口
（进口）
and if there's a surplus of sugar on the market, 如果市场上有多余的糖
the federal government effectively buys it from the producers. 联邦政府有效地 从生产商那里购买
（美国政府产品）
So even before consumers pay any of the health costs of sugar consumption, 所以即使在消费者为糖的消费 支付任何健康成本之前
they pay to line the pockets of sugar producers. 他们付钱让糖生产商中饱私囊
The best estimates, 保守估计认为
and these come from a range of studies, 这些来自一系列的研究
say the sugar program costs the US consumer 糖业项目让美国消费者付出了
three to four billion dollars a year. 每年30到40亿美元的代价
It's a policy with very real consequences. 这是一个有着非常现实后果的政策
It's one reason why in the 1980s we began drinking soft drinks 这就是为什么在20世纪80年代 我们开始喝
made with high fructose corn syrup. 由高果糖玉米糖浆制成的软饮料 原因之一
American sugar, with its government-protected price, 美国糖有着政府保护的价格
was just too expensive. 以前真的太贵了
The price supports are only one sign of the extraordinary power of American sugar, 价格支持只是美国糖业 非凡力量的一个迹象
an industry that has converted its sweet product 一个将甜食产品转变为
into deep and lasting influence in the corridors of power. 对权力有深远影响的产业
The sugar industry in Florida has had their political power grow exponentially. 佛罗里达州制糖业的政治权力 呈指数级增长
They have been very skilled at influencing 他们非常善于对联邦和州立法
both federal and state legislation, 施加影响
（卡尔希尔森 《迈阿密先驱报》专栏作家）
and they've been skilled at persuading governors of... 他们擅长说服两派的政治官员
of both parties, Democratic and Republican, 民主党派和共和党派的官员
that they're good for the state, and they wield enormous political power. 他们对国家有好处 他们拥有巨大的政治权力
Sugar has always held immense power over human beings. 糖一直对人类有着巨大的影响
For most of human history, very few people ate sugar. 在人类历史的大部分时间里 很少有人吃糖
Today, sugar accounts for one calorie out of every seven we consume. 今天 糖占我们消耗热量的七分之一
The engine for that enormous shift was slavery. 促成这一巨大转变的是奴隶制
The discovery that Brazil and the Caribbean offered 人们发现巴西和加勒比海
the perfect conditions for growing sugarcane 为种植甘蔗提供完美条件
meant it could be mass-produced, 也就是可以批量生产
one of the very first affordable luxuries. 第一批买得起的奢侈品之一
Bulk sugar fed a worldwide addiction to refined sweeteners. 大量的糖使全世界 都对精制甜味剂上瘾
In 1700, the average English person was consuming four pounds of sugar a year. 1700年英国人平均每年消耗四磅糖
By 1800, that amount had more than quadrupled. 到1800年这个数字翻了两番多
As many as four million enslaved Africans worked the island plantations 多达400万非洲奴隶 在岛上的种植园工作
before the Caribbean slave trade ended in the early 1800s. 这是在19世纪早期 加勒比奴隶贸易结束之前
After that, British and French sugar declined, 在那之后 英国和法国的糖产量下降了
but Spanish colonies, still powered by slave labor, thrived. 但是西班牙的殖民地 仍然依靠奴隶劳动力繁荣昌盛
Cuba became the Caribbean sugar capital and held that title for decades. 古巴成为加勒比糖都 并保持了几十年
Prior to 1959, 1959年前
many US sugar processing companies had considerable plantations in Cuba. 许多美国糖业加工公司都在古巴有相当大的种植园
On January 8th, the Revolutionary Army, 1月8日 古巴革命武装力量
with Fidel Castro at its head, entered Havana. 在菲德尔卡斯特罗的带领下 进入哈瓦那
After the Cuban Revolution, Castro nationalized land, 古巴革命后 卡斯特罗将土地国有化
and those companies no longer had access to cane sugar from Cuba. 这些公司也不再能从古巴进口蔗糖
So they began to seek other sources of supply 于是他们开始寻找其他的供应来源
that they could obtain in a commercially advantageous way. 可以通过商业优势获得
Cuba's biggest sugar baron was Alfonso Fanjul. 古巴最大的糖业大亨是阿方索凡珠尔
He fled his homeland 他逃离了祖国
and decided to rebuild his empire in central Florida. 并决定在佛罗里达中部重建他的帝国
In 1960, Fanjul bought 4,000 acres of land and planted cane. 1960年 凡珠尔买下16平方公里土地 种植甘蔗
His farm became Florida Crystals, 他的农场变成了佛州之晶
the owner of Domino Sugar, 多米诺糖业公司的拥有者
the most consumed brand of bagged sugar on US supermarket shelves. 是美国超市货架上 消费最多的袋装糖品牌
If you look at the four years from 1961 to 1965, 如果你看看从1961到1965的四年
after the Cuban Revolution, you see a surge to 200,000 acres 古巴革命之后 你会看到 土地面积激增到800平方公里
in land producing sugar in Florida. 在佛罗里达州的产糖土地
There are two main growers. 有两个主要的种植者 一个是美国蔗糖
（麦克格伦瓦尔德 《沼泽》作者）
One is U.S. Sugar, United States Sugar Company, 美国蔗糖公司
and the other is Florida Crystals, 另一个是佛州之晶
which is owned by the Fanjuls. 是属于凡珠尔的公司
（美国蔗糖 佛州之晶）
Together, those two companies have really kind of controlled 这两家公司加在一起控制了
not only the sugar production, 不仅仅是制糖产业
but the sugar lobbying in Florida. 还有在佛罗里达州的糖业游说
All you need to know about the sugarcane industry in Florida is 关于佛罗里达州的甘蔗产业 你只需要知道
that sort of monolithically, 这是一个垄断局面
they're known to the politicians, to the media, to... 政治家和媒体都熟知
and... and really, to the-- everyone as Big Sugar. 即大家熟知的“糖业巨头”
But the sugar business has always faced the same problem: 但制糖业一直面临着同样的问题
harvesting the stuff is just plain awful. 收割实在是太可怕了
Cutting sugarcane is one of the most horrid jobs 切甘蔗是人类发明的
（爱德华塔滕汉姆 律师）
that man ever invented. 最可怕的工作之一
（1990年《H-2工人》片段）
To cut the cane, you use this razor sharp machete. 要砍甘蔗 你得用这把锋利的大砍刀
So in order to avoid chopping off an arm. or a hand, or a leg, 为了避免砍掉一只胳膊、一只手或一条腿
you have to wear what essentially looks like chainmail. 你必须穿看起来像链甲的衣服
It's hotter than Hades, 比地狱还热
and they're just wailing away with these machetes 他们只是拿着这些大砍刀
as fast and as hard as they can. 尽快地努力收割
In a extremely difficult crop like sugarcane, 像甘蔗这种极其困难的作物
you want a captive workforce, and if you can't enslave them, the second best thing is 你想要一个被俘虏的劳动力 如果你不能奴役他们
to have them contractually bound to the company. 其次好的是让他们与公司签订合同
US sugar producers took advantage 美国糖业生产商 利用了一项临时签证计划
of a temporary visa program called H-2 to import Jamaican labor to cut the cane. 叫H2 来进口牙买加劳工来砍甘蔗
Foreign workers had been coming to cut cane in the US 自20世纪50年代该项目创立以来
since the program was created in the 1950s. 外国工人一直来美国砍甘蔗
By the early 1980s, about 8,000 workers were coming each year. 到20世纪80年代初 每年大约有8000名工人来到这里
When the worker's only choice is 当工人唯一的选择是取悦雇主
to please the employer who got him his visa, 让他们给他办签证
his only choice is to do the job 他唯一的选择是做这项工作
at whatever he is paid or go home. 不论薪水是多少 不然就回家
Yes, it's like slavery. You have... 是 就像奴隶制 你有…
Depending on how far away home is and how much you need the money, 取决于你离家多远 还有你的工资多少
you don't have any choice. 你毫无选择
（1990年《H-2工人》片段）
The sugarcane cutters knew 切甘蔗的人知道
they weren't being paid what they should be paid. 他们没有得到应有的报酬
What they say on the contract is not what you get on the contract. 他们在合同上说的 不是你在合同上得到的
It's a different picture totally. 是完全不同的
I was working in Washington for a government-funded legal aid organization 我在华盛顿为一个政府资助的 法律援助组织工作
and my job was to, uh, represent foreign workers, basically. 我职责是代表基本上是代表外国劳工
（在甘蔗田里使用移民 引起人们关注）
In 1989, Edward Tuddenham and a colleague 1989年 爱德华塔滕汉姆及同事
filed a class-action lawsuit against the sugar companies for underpaying their workers. 提出一起集体诉讼 控告糖业公司给工人的工资过低
（甘蔗工工资少三千万美元）
Well, it's fairly typical for employers to exploit foreign workers. 雇主剥削外国工人是很典型的
It's just so easy. 这样做很简单
They can't complain. 他们不能抱怨
The massive scale 佛罗里达甘蔗产业
with which the Florida sugarcane industry did it, 这么大规模的做
that was unusual. 也不寻常
We won on what's called summary judgment. 我们赢得了所谓的即决判决
The judge agreed, and we won, 法官同意了 我们赢了
（判决对甘蔗收割者有利）
were awarded $50 million in back wages. 我们得到了5000万美元的拖欠工资
But three years later, this decision was reversed on appeal. 但三年后的上诉推翻了这一决定
The litigation continued. 诉讼仍在继续
In 1998, U.S. Sugar settled for $5.1 million, 1998年 美国蔗糖以510万美元和解
but the Fanjul companies fought on. 但是凡珠尔的公司还在抗争
After we settled with U.S. Sugar, then the other companies, um... 我们和美国蔗糖公司谈妥后 其他公司…
refused to settle, and we went to trial and lost every one of them. 拒绝和解 我们上了法庭 输了每个案子
No representative of Florida Crystals or U.S. Sugar agreed to be interviewed for this documentary. 美国佛州之晶公司没有同意派代表接受采访
In a written statement, Florida Crystals said 在一份书面声明中 佛州之晶公司表示
that honoring their commitments has always been a core principle of the company, 履行他们的承诺一直是 公司的核心原则
and that juries determined that the company abided 陪审团认为公司遵守了
by the contracts and regulations. 合同和规章制度
It was a huge blow. 这是一个巨大的打击
I mean, I'd been working on it off and on for 15 years 我是说 我一直在努力 来来回回15年
and to have it all come to nothing. 一切都化为乌有
If I've ever deserved to win a case, it was that case. 如果我有资格赢得一个案子 那就是这个案子
And we didn't. 但是我们没有
（1990年《H-2工人》片段）
The workers not only lost the case, 工人们不仅输掉了官司
they lost their jobs. 也失去了工作
It was cheaper to, uh, to use machines. 使用机器更便宜
So in the course of, I think one or two seasons, 所以在这个过程中 我想一两个季节里
they terminated the 10,000 hand cutters 他们终止了一万名甘蔗工的合约
and went completely to mechanized harvesting. 完全转向机械化收割
The machines took over. 机器接管了一切
The Jamaicans went home. 牙买加人回家了
And the case has largely been forgotten. 这个案子基本上已经被遗忘了
I found the influence of the sugar companies, 我发现了糖业公司的影响
their ability to get what they wanted, one way or another, 他们以某种方式 得到他们想要的东西的能力
daunting, to say the least. 至少可以说是令人畏惧
I'd never run into it before, 我以前从未遇到过
uh, at that extreme, um, 这么极端的情况
and... 而且
I've never filed another case in Florida since then. I can assure you of that. 从那以后 我再也没有在佛州 提起过诉讼 我可以向你保证
Squeezing harsh labor from helpless migrants 从无助的移民那里压榨苦力
has essentially vanished from the Florida plantations, 从佛罗里达的种植园上消失了
but just offshore, it's still happening. 但在海外 这种情况仍在发生
Just over 700 miles from Florida, 离佛罗里达只有1100多公里
the Dominican Republic has been sending sugar to the US for close to a century. 近一个世纪以来 多米尼加共和国一直在向美国运送糖
Dominican sugar makes up one sixth of low-tariff sugar imports into the US, 多米尼加的糖占美国低关税糖进口的六分之一
a huge proportion. 这个占比巨大
Close to half of all Dominican sugar is produced by one company, 多米尼加近一半的糖 是由一家公司生产的
Central Romana. 罗马纳中央公司
Central Romana is owned in part by the Fanjuls. 罗马纳中央公司一部分 属于凡珠尔
Life for a sugar worker in the D.R. is lived 一个多米尼加共和国的糖料工人
in primitive villages known as bateyes, 住在被称为比特兹的原始村落里
tiny, crude settlements carved out of endless fields of cane. 从一望无际的甘蔗地里 挖出来的简陋的小定居点
The bateyes are owned by the sugar companies. 比特兹归糖业公司所有
Workers rarely leave the plantation. 工人们很少离开种植园
Going to a bateye is quite an experience because it's so isolating. 去比特兹是一种难忘的体验 因为它是如此的孤立
I kept thinking, "Oh, my God, if somebody has an emergency here, 我总在想 “天呐 如果出现紧急情况…
（卡桑德尔西雅娜 国际人权律师）
what do you do?" Because it's so far. It's so removed. …你会怎么做？” 因为那里太荒芜了
All you can see back to the horizon are just cane, sugarcane. 沿着地平线你能看到的 只有甘蔗
I mean, I had seen some very poor conditions, 我的意思是 我看到过一些非常糟糕的环境
places like Honduras, Afghanistan even, 像洪都拉斯 甚至阿富汗
but I never saw anything like this face-to-face ever before in my life. 但我这辈子从来没面对面 见过这样的场面
The primitive conditions... 这种原始的环境…
（夏洛特彭蒂塞利 美国劳务部国际事务副秘书长）
and the squalor despite the efforts of these poor people to try to neaten it up. 尽管这些穷苦的人做了很多努力 想要变整洁 但还是很脏乱
I can't remember when I've been so moved. 我不记得我什么时候这么震撼过
In 2011, former Labor Department official Charlotte Ponticelli helped initiate 2011年前劳工部官员夏洛特彭蒂塞利 帮助发起了一项美国调查
a US investigation of the bateyes owned by the major sugar companies. 对主要糖业公司 拥有的比特兹进行调查
My office, at the US Department of Labor, 我的办公室在美国劳工部
was charged with overseeing the implementation 负责监督我们在
of our free trade agreement 中美洲和多米尼加共和国
with Central America and the Dominican Republic. 自由贸易协定的执行情况
There was a team that went down 有一支队伍去现场亲眼目睹了
and witnessed some of the irregularities, violations first-hand, 一些违规行为
and heard first-hand from the workers, the sugarcane workers. 并直接听取了甘蔗工人的意见
And many of the workers mentioned in the report 报告中提到的许多工人
were threatened by their employers 在团队到达之前
before the team got there, 受到雇主的威胁
"If you talk to the Department of Labor team, “如果你和劳工部的团队谈话
you will be fired from your job, or you will be deported." 你要么被解雇 要么被驱逐出境”
That's a forced or compulsory situation, 这是一种强迫或强制的情况
because the worker's rights are taken away. 因为工人的权利被剥夺了
Also, after the team left, 而且在团队离开后
there were several workers who had spoken anyway 有几个不管怎样依然发声的工人
and ended up losing their jobs. 失去了他们的工作
Since I was 18 years old, 从我18岁开始
I've been involved... 我就一直
（赫苏斯努涅斯 活动家）
...in issues related to bateyes. 和比特兹有联系
I dedicated myself to teach sugarcane workers how to read and write. 我致力于教甘蔗工人读书写字
And I help them organize to fight for their rights. 我帮助他们组织起来 为自己的权利而战
Advocate Jesus Nu?ez is helping to coordinate a US lawsuit 倡导者赫苏斯努涅斯 正在帮助协调美国的诉讼
against the owners of the Central Romana Plantation, 反对罗马纳中央公司种植园的主人
based on workers' claims 因为工人声称除草剂和其他化学品
of health problems caused by herbicides and other chemicals. 造成了健康问题
We're waiting to see what happens... 我们等着看…
（罗马纳中央公司被审查）
...with the lawsuit. …法律诉讼会发生什么
I've been working for this company for 45 years. 我在这家公司已经工作45年了
I've cut the sugarcane, cultivated it, carried it. 我砍过甘蔗 种过甘蔗 扛过甘蔗
Then, I sprayed the sugarcane. 还给甘蔗杀过虫
This has been very bad for me. 这对我来说非常糟糕
It has destroyed my leg and my hand. 它毁了我的腿和手
My knee gets swollen. I can't walk properly. 我的膝盖肿了 我不能正常走路
I'm old. I'm 70 years old, and I'm fucked. 我老了 70岁了 彻底完了
At the sugar fields, there are very few safety measures. 在糖场几乎没有什么安全措施
This is part of what we're fighting for. 这是我们奋斗的目标之一
The workers have to furrow the fields. 工人们不得不犁地
Sometimes, they use tractors. 有时他们用拖拉机
That's the way it should be, with tractors, 应该是用拖拉机的
but it's cheaper to use manual labor. 但是用人力更便宜
Then you have the guys that do the sowing of the cane. 然后是负责甘蔗播种的人
Then, the guys that get rid of the weeds. 然后是那些除草的人
These workers carry a tank with poison on their backs, 这些工人背着有毒的桶
spraying poison on the weeds. 喷洒有毒的杀虫剂
Have you had any problems? 你有过什么问题吗？
I have headaches. 我有头疼问题
When it's hurting really bad, 有时候会很糟糕
my nose starts bleeding. 我的鼻子会流血
These workers are not Dominican. 这些工人不是多米尼加人
They're Haitian. 他们是海地人
Members of a permanent underclass of guest workers 下层社会的永久异乡工人
who have been harvesting sugar for more than three generations. 他们已有三代人在这里收糖
America's sweet tooth helped bring them here. 美国人对甜食的喜爱 使他们来到这里
Now, it helps keep them here. 现在它帮助他们留在这里
The modern day sugar industry 多米尼加共和国的现代制糖业
in the Dominican Republic began in the early 20th century 随着在20世纪初美国
（阿泰尔罗德里格斯 国际人权研究员）
with the United States invasion or occupation. 入侵和占领而开始
The island's occupation forces included the United States Marines. 该岛的占领军包括美国海军陆战队
The United States occupied the Dominican Republic from 1916 to 1924. 美国从1916年到1924年 占领了多米尼加共和国
American interests took control of the Dominican sugar fields. 美国的利益集团控制了 多米尼加的糖场
Sugar production doubled. 糖产量翻了一倍
Originally, Dominican workers took a role. 最初多米尼加工人扮演了一个角色
However, soon enough, 然而好景不长
they realized that it was easier to have workers that wouldn't speak the language, 他们意识到 有不会说这种语言
that wouldn't create unions, workers that were migrants. 不会创立工会的工人容易 这些就是外籍工人
Sugar is the Dominican Republic's most important product. 糖是多米尼加共和国最重要的产品
More than 800,000 tons last year. 去年超过80万吨
An easy source of labor on the same island are the Haitians. 海地是一个很容易获得劳动力的地方
Haitians were the perfect labor source. 海地人是非常合适的劳动力
The former French Colony shares the same island 前法国殖民地
with the Dominican Republic, 与多米尼加共和国共享同一岛屿
and Haiti had a long sugar-growing history of its own. 海地有自己悠久的制糖历史
In 1950, Haiti came under the control of General Paul Magloire. 1950年 海地被马格洛大将军控制
He struck a deal with his Dominican counterpart, 他与多米尼加总统达成了一项协议
dictator Rafael Trujillo, 即独裁者拉斐尔特鲁希略
to essentially sell 16,000 Haitians to harvest Dominican sugar. 出售16000名海地人 来收获多米尼加糖
There was a cost per head per worker, 有人均成本
and there were also kickbacks. 还有回扣
So, it is believed that the Haitian government earned millions of dollars 因此人们相信海地政府从那些 双边贸易协定中
from those bilateral trade agreements from this trade in human beings 从这种人类贸易中赚了数百万美元
to work on the sugarcane fields. 就是在甘蔗地里干活
Magloire was soon deposed, and Trujillo was assassinated, 马格洛很快被废黜 特鲁希略被暗杀
but the contract in this modern slave trade survived. 但是现代奴隶贸易中的契约仍然存在
In the late 1970s, Haiti was still earning three million dollars a year off this trade in its citizens. 上世纪70年代末 海地仍从这份人口交易中赚着钱每年有300万美元的利润
I think you can absolutely trace a lot of the issues that we're seeing today 我认为你绝对可以将 我们今天看到的很多问题
back to the initial bilateral trade agreements 追溯到最初的双边贸易协定
that brought Haitians to the Dominican Republic in massive numbers. 将海地人大批带到多米尼加共和国
In September 2013, 2013年九月
the investigation started by the US Labor Department concluded. 由美国劳工部发起的调查得出结论
The department found that child labor, forced labor, 劳工部发现多米尼加制糖业
and terrible working conditions in the Dominican sugar business 有童工 强迫劳动 工作条件也很糟糕
all appeared to violate labor law. 所有这些似乎都违反了劳动法
And yet, the US never threatened any sanctions against Dominican growers. 然而美国从未威胁 对多米尼加种植者实施任何制裁
The report was he essentially ignored. 这份报告基本上被无视了
Things got even worse for Haitian sugar-cane workers 海地甘蔗工人在2013年末
in late 2013. 变得更糟
The Dominican Republic Supreme Court 多米尼加共和国最高法院
sanctioned years of mistreatment of Haitians 对多年对海地工人的不良对待 实施制裁
by issuing a decision effectively stripping tens of thousands of ethnic Haitians 有效地剥夺了数以万计的
of their Dominican citizenship. 海地人的多米尼加国籍
The fact that they don't have a legal status means 他们没有合法身份的事实
that they won't have access to health insurance, 意味着他们将无法获得医疗保险
and it means also 这也意味着他们可能会
that they will probably have difficulties with their pensions. 拿不到养老金
Now the government, 现在政府
the same government that automatically took money 也就是那个自动
out of their paychecks to put towards the social security, 从他们的薪水中扣钱 放到社保里的政府
tells them that they are not able to pay out the pensions to them 告诉他们 他们无法支付养老金给他们
because they do not have legal documentation. 因为他们身份不合法
I was born in this batey. 我出生在这个小镇
I started working in 1961. 我1961年开始工作
When I started working, I was 10 years old. 当我开始工作时 我只有十岁
（雷蒙达斯 罗马纳中央公司甘蔗工人）
The story about my dad and my mom is that they were immigrants. 我爸爸和我妈妈的故事是 他们是移民
They arrived here in 1945. 他们1945年来到这里
I started working, as a kid, with my old man growing sugarcane. 我从小就开始工作 和我爸爸一起种甘蔗
I transported it. I sowed it. 我运输甘蔗 种甘蔗
I've done everything in the farm to make ends meet. 我在农场里做的一切 都只是刚好贴补家用
Well, my health problem is 我的健康问题是
that my chest gets tight, and I can't breathe. 我的胸部总是发紧 我无法呼吸
I've gone to see some doctors, but I can't find any remedy. 我去看了医生 但我找不到任何治疗办法
That's the only thing that keeps me from working. 那是唯一使我不能工作的原因
I'm retirement age, and I put in the paper for my pension in 2010, 我到了退休年龄 我在2010年提交了养老金申请
and to this day, I still haven't got it. 直到今天我仍然没有得到它
Who has cut for more than 40 years? Raise your hand. 谁收割了超过40年？请举手
Okay. Put them down. 好的 请放下
Raise your hand if you don't have a pension. 如果你没有养老金 请举手
This is what we're fighting for. 这就是我们奋斗的目标
Because you've been contributing your whole lives to social security. 因为你一生都在为社会保障做贡献
And now that they have to pay the pension, 现在他们必须支付养老金
they're demanding papers. 他们要求合法身份
-Gentlemen, without sugarcane workers... -There's no sugar. -先生们 没有甘蔗工人 -就没有糖
-Without sugarcane workers... -There's no sugar. -没有甘蔗工人 -就没有糖
Jesus Nu?ez has seen some success in his advocacy for the ca?eros 赫苏斯努涅斯在为甘蔗工人 争取利益上获得了一些成功
with one exception. 有一个例外
We have successfully got thousands of pensions for sugarcane workers 我们已经成功地为甘蔗工人 拿到了数以千计的养老金
but not for workers from Central Romana. 但是罗马纳中央公司的工人是例外
None of the Central Romana workers we spoke with 我们采访的所有罗马纳中央公司工人
had received pensions. 都没有拿到养老金
Central Romana Corporation wrote in a statement 罗马纳中央公司在书面声明中写道
that it is the responsibility of the Dominican government 这是多米尼加政府的责任
to provide pensions, 来提供养老金
and that Central Romana provides its employees 罗马纳中央公司会提供 所需要的书面文件
with all necessary paperwork to get them. 来帮助员工们得到养老金
The statement said that all of its bateyes have access 声明说 所有的比特兹
to potable water and sanitation, 都提供饮用水和卫生设施
and that all employees get proper protective equipment 所有员工都要有适当的防护装备
and access to medical care. 也有医疗保险
Central Romana wrote 罗马纳中央公司写道
that the Department of Labor report offered conclusions 劳工部的报告给出的结论
that were not properly supported or evidenced, 没有得到适当的支持或证明
and that the reports criticisms did not single out any particular sugar producer. 报告中的批评并没有针对 任何特定的糖生产商
About safety and health problems on their farms, Central Romana stated, 关于他们农场的安全和健康问题 罗马纳中央公司表示
"We have not heard of such complaints in our company “我们公司没有在多米尼加共和国 任何法院
or in any courts of law in the Dominican Republic." 或在公司内部听到过这样的投诉”
US lawyers have been bringing cases against the Fanjul Corporation 自从2018年初 美国律师一直在对凡珠尔公司
in American Courts for Central Romana health conditions since early 2018. 在美国关于罗马纳中央公司的 健康条件提起诉讼
Both cases have been dismissed 这两起案件都已被驳回
on the grounds that American courts do not have jurisdiction. 因为美国法院没有管辖权
The plaintiffs are appealing those rulings. 原告正在对这些裁决提起上诉
Harvested amidst the misery of the bateyes, 在比特兹的痛苦中收割的 多米尼加糖
Dominican sugar flows by the ton into the cakes and cookies we eat, 一吨又一吨地流进 我们吃的蛋糕和饼干里
the ice cream, and loaves of sliced bread. 冰淇淋和切片面包
And the sugar industry's profits flow into a highly effective lobbying apparatus. 制糖业的利润流入一个 高效的游说机构
People assume they must be a very big industry. 人们认为他们一定是 一个非常大的行业
（麦克格伦瓦尔德 《沼泽》作者）
They must create a lot of jobs. 他们一定创造大量的就业机会
They must be really vital to the Florida economy, 他们一定对佛罗里达的经济非常重要
but it's really not true. 但是这不是事实
The old horror stories about the way they used to treat their workers 关于他们过去 对待工人方式的恐怖故事
are really no longer applicable. 真的不再适用了
They hardly have any workers. 他们几乎没有工人
What they have is an extraordinary campaign finance 他们拥有的是一笔非凡的竞选资金
and lobbying operation 以及他们部署的游说行动
that they've deployed very effectively, very intelligently, 非常有效 非常聪明地
in a very bipartisan way. 以两党合作的方式进行
Sugar makes up two percent of all American crops by value. 按价值计算 糖占美国所有农作物的百分之二
But one recent study found that sugar companies make a third 但最近的一项研究发现 所有农作物生产公司的竞选捐款
of all campaign contributions by crop-producing corporations. 制糖公司占了三分之一
You have no idea how much clout they've got. 你不知道他们有多大的影响力
The last number I heard was 我听到的最后一个数字是他们有…
（卡尔希尔森 《迈阿密先驱报》专栏作家）
that they have 72 lobbyists in Tallahassee alone, …仅塔拉哈西就有72名说客
and that's just at the state level. 这只是在州一级
They're just an incredibly... 他们只是一个令人难以置信的
uh, powerful political force. 强大的政治力量
And if you look at any kind of map of Florida, 如果你看佛罗里达的地图
basically south of Lake Okeechobee, 基本上在奥基乔比湖的南面
which had been traditionally the prime drainage and flow area for the Everglades, 佛罗里达大沼泽地的传统排水流道
most of it is now just sugarcane fields. 现在大部分是甘蔗田
Lake Okeechobee is one of Florida's unique features. 奥基乔比湖是佛罗里达的 一个特别存在
Over 700 square miles of freshwater, 超过1800平方公里的淡水
about half the size of Rhode Island. 面积有罗德岛的一半
It has been permanently linked to the sugar business 它与制糖业有着永久的联系
and changed by the business as well, 也因这个产业而改变
because the lake is the origin point of the distinctive Florida wetland 因为这个湖是佛罗里达 独特湿地的发源地
known as the Everglades. 被称作佛罗里达大沼泽地
Naturally, South Florida was essentially a giant marsh. 自然而然的 南佛罗里达本质上是一个巨大的沼泽
The Everglades is... people call it a river of grass. 佛罗里达大沼泽地被称作绿草之河
And it really is an incredibly wide, incredibly shallow, 它真的是一条非常宽、非常浅
incredibly slow-moving river, 非常缓慢的河流
dribbling its way through the saw grass all the way from Lake Okeechobee 从奥基乔比湖一路淌过克拉莎草
down to Florida Bay. 流向佛罗里达湾
Just like a river, 就像河一样
except the size of Connecticut. 只不过面积和康涅狄格州一样大
The Everglades worked great for the saw grass, and the birds. 佛罗里达大沼泽地对克拉莎草 生长很有利 还有这里的鸟
and bugs that thrived in it, but it really didn't work for people. 还有虫子都在这里繁衍生息 但是人却不适合在这里生活
It was too wet to farm, too dry to sail. 太潮湿不能耕种 太干燥不能航行
In the 1950s, the Army Corps of Engineers converted 20世纪50年代 陆军工兵部队
the Northern Everglades into farmland. 将佛罗里达大沼泽地变成了农田
Thousands of acres were drained and irrigated 成千上万英亩的土地被抽干并灌溉
for the production of fruits and vegetables. 用于生产水果和蔬菜
It was called the Everglades Agricultural Area. 它被称为大沼泽地农业区
It was 2,000 miles of levees and canals, 那是3200公里长的堤坝和运河
pumps so powerful 那里泵很有力
that the engines had to be cannibalized from nuclear submarines. 发动机不得不从核潜艇上拆下来
Then, Alfonso Fanjul arrived in the US. 然后阿方索凡珠尔来到了美国
After Castro came to power, 卡斯特罗上台后
the US government really made a... concerted effort 美国政府真的
to promote sugar growing in the United States, 为共同努力 促进美国的糖种植做了很多
and the obvious place for that was in the Everglades Agricultural Area. 最明显的地方是大沼泽地农业区
Fanjul's sugar operation was founded right in the northern Everglades. 凡珠尔的制糖公司 就建立在大沼泽地的北部
Eventually, hundreds of thousands of acres of this land were planted with sugar. 最终这片土地上 种植了数十万英亩的蔗糖
The cane was nursed with fertilizers rich with phosphorus, 这里的甘蔗用富含磷的肥料施肥
and for more than two decades, 20多年来 糖厂一直在抽水
the sugar farms pumped that plantation runoff into the lake. 那些种植园的水流入湖中
By the early 1980s, there were a lot of complaints 20世纪80年代早期
about the water quality problems in the lake. 关于这个湖的水质问题有很多抱怨
In 1986, the phosphorus in the fertilizer helped nurture 1986年 化肥中的磷帮助培育
an explosive growth of blue-green algae on the lake's surface. 湖表面蓝藻的爆炸性增长
Environmentalists say it has spread so fast, 环保人士说传播得如此之快
it now covers 150 square miles of this lake. 现在蓝藻覆盖了 这个湖的380平方公里
In the 1980s, Big Sugar became a kind of national scapegoat 20世纪80年代 糖业巨头成了国家的替罪羊
（拯救死亡的湖）
（清理我们的水资源）
like Big Tobacco or Big Oil. 就像烟草巨头或石油巨头
It was seen as a... kind of national symbol 它被认为是…
of corporate greed and corporate welfare. 象征着大集团的贪婪和福利
At the same time, there was this increasing understanding 与此同时 人们的理解也在不断加深
that they were sitting in the middle of a national treasure 他们坐在国家宝藏的中央
and not only polluting it, but really causing problems. 不仅污染环境 还会造成问题
We knew it wasn't good when you had billions of gallons of water 当你有数十亿升的并不干净的水 倒进河流中
that were not clean and that were pouring through the river. 我们就知道这样不好了
It was getting worse. 情况越来越糟
In 1988, the US attorney in South Florida was a Republican 1988年 南佛罗里达州的联邦检察官 是一名共和党
named Dexter Lehtinen, 名为德克斯特莱赫蒂宁
who also, it turned out, had been a real swamp rat as a kid. 他小时候也是一直在沼泽中玩耍
He loved the Everglades, he loved fishing there, 他喜欢佛罗里达大沼泽地 他喜欢钓鱼
and he was really upset about what was happening. 他对所发生的一切感到很沮丧
So without telling his bosses in the Reagan Administration, 所以在没有告诉里根政府的情况下
who never would have approved something like this, 而且在里根绝对不会批准的情况下
Dexter filed a federal lawsuit 德克斯特提起了联邦诉讼
against the State of Florida and the sugar industry. 反对佛罗里达州和制糖业
That led to this clash of the titans, 这就导致了这场诸神之战
the immense resources of the federal government 联邦政府的巨大资源
（托马斯范兰德博士 大沼泽地基金会科学家）
versus the immense resources of the state of Florida and the sugar companies. 和佛罗里达州和糖业公司的 巨大资源相较量
After three years of fighting in court, 经过三年的法庭斗争
the federal government approved a settlement 联邦政府批准了一项解决方案
that ultimately required the sugar industry 这最终需要制糖业
to reduce their use of phosphorus 减少磷的使用
and to contribute to cleaning up the lake. 为净化湖泊做出贡献
It has led the sugar industry to adopt all kinds of best management practices 它使制糖业采用了各种最佳管理方法
to really clean up their act. 来真正清理他们的行为
They've dramatically reduced the phosphorus content of their runoff. 他们极大地减少了径流中的磷含量
（每磅一便士的税提议 帮助拯救大沼泽地）
Then, in 1996, environmentalists managed to propose an amendment to the State Constitution 1996年环保主义者设法 对州宪法提出了一项修正案
（这是糖业巨头对战大沼泽）
that would force the sugar industry to pay for the Everglades cleanup. 这将迫使 制糖业为大沼泽地的清理买单
The amendment would impose a tax of one cent for every pound sold. 修正案将对每卖出一磅糖 征收一便士的税
Al Gore went down to Everglades National Park 艾尔戈尔去了大沼泽地国家公园
to announce his support for a state tax on the sugar industry. 宣布他支持对制糖业征收州税
We are asking the sugar industry to share responsibility 我们要求制糖业 在这个历史性的计划中
in this historic plan. 分担责任
Specifically by putting a penny a pound toward enhancing water quality 尤其是用一便士一磅的钱来改善水质
and ensuring water quantity in South Florida. 确保南佛罗里达的用水量
Everybody cheered when he gave his speech, 大家都为他的演讲欢呼
（拯救大沼泽地 拯救南佛罗里达）
and that afternoon, 那个下午
President Clinton was in the Oval Office, 克林顿总统当时在总统办公室
and according to the Starr Report, 根据斯塔尔的报告
（独立检察官 肯尼斯斯塔尔的通信）
he was breaking up with Monica Lewinsky. 他正在和莫妮卡莱温斯基分手
He interrupted to take a phone call from Alfonso Fanjul, 他不得不去接了阿方索凡珠尔的电话
the CEO of Florida Crystals. 也就是佛州之晶的首席执行官
Doesn't surprise me. 我一点也不吃惊
I think they have, if not Oval Office access, 如果接不到总统办公室
I think they certainly can get the Chief of Staff of the White House 我认为他们肯定能让 白宫办公厅主任接电话
on the phone for any number of Presidents. 拿到任何总统的电话
（佛罗里达选民拒绝征收糖税）
In the end, whether because of political influence 最后 不管是因为政治影响
or an expensive PR campaign by the sugar industry, 或者是糖业昂贵的公关活动
the Penny Per Pound Amendment did not pass. 一便士一磅的修正案没有通过
（糖业被控逃避大沼泽地清理费用）
Most of the two billion dollars in cleanup costs have been covered by taxpayers. 20亿美元的清理费用大部分由纳税人支付
Trouble followed the flow of the Everglades from north to south. 大沼泽地从北向南奔流而来 带来了麻烦
The southern end of the Everglades is Florida Bay, 大沼泽地的南端是佛罗里达湾
where the fresh water from inland meets the Atlantic Ocean. 是内陆淡水与大西洋交汇的地方
There you go! Alright! 来吧 好嘞！
（大卫普雷斯顿 净水首领）
-So awesome! -Yeah! -太棒了 -是啊！
That fish might be 100 pounds. 这条鱼有90斤吧
Get him, buddy! 抓住他 伙计！
Nice job! 好样的！
These fish that are here 这里的鱼
are the fish that go up the east coast to the Carolinas. 是一种从东海岸到卡罗来纳的鱼
There's no fences out here. 这里没有栅栏
Chris Wittman has been a professional fisherman and guide 克里斯威特曼一直都是专业的渔民
in South Florida for 20 years. 在南佛罗里达做导游有20年
When this bay is healthy, 当这片海湾是健康的时候
there's tens of thousands of wading birds out on these flats at low tide. 退潮时 有成千上万的涉水鸟
（克里斯威特曼 合作创始人 净水首领）
They're here because of the food that the grass habitat supports. 在这些平地上 它们来到这里是因为栖息地上的食物
The shrimp, and crustaceans, and small bait fish 虾类、甲壳类和小型饵料鱼
that live in that seagrass attract all those birds and supply their diet. 生活在那片海草 吸引这些鸟 提供它们的食物
The bay was a thriving aquatic habitat, 这个海湾曾是一个繁荣的水生栖息地
all sustained by a dense floor of seagrass. 所有的一切都由浓密的海草支撑着
This... 这个…
is seagrass. 是海草
This is supposed to be connected to the bottom. 这个应该和底部相连
When it's alive, this is the base of this habitat. 当它活着的时候 这是这个栖息地的基础
But thanks to the Army Corps of Engineers, 但是因为美国陆军工程兵团的改变
freshwater that had flowed to the Bay for thousands of years was diverted away. 几千年来流入海湾的淡水被分流了
The salt content of the bay surged. 海湾的含盐量激增
In the late 1980s, the habitat began to die.It just got too salty. 在20世纪80年代末 这种栖息地开始消亡
The grass couldn't handle those salinity levels, 太咸了 海草无法生长
and it shed its blades and died. 这些盐分水平使它的叶片脱落并死亡
Without that grass there, 没有那片海草
any little bit of wind just stirs up the sediment and silt. 任何一点风都会搅动泥沙
That was crystal clear water, turquoise blue 那以前是清澈的水 蓝绿色的
with lush, lush grass flats, and, I mean, now, it's... mud and silt. 这里有茂盛的草地 我的意思是 现在都是淤泥
In 2015, 50,000 acres of seagrass died in Florida Bay. 2015年 佛罗里达湾 有20平方公里的海草死亡
Wittman decided to act. 威特曼决定要开始行动
He co-founded an advocacy group 他与人共同创立了一个倡导团体
to fight to save Florida's coast and the Everglades. 为拯救佛罗里达海岸和大沼泽地而战
Captains for Clean Water. 净水的首领
Saving these fish is saving all the fish. 拯救这些鱼就是拯救所有的鱼
This right here is the nursery for everybody's tarpon. 是啊 这里是每个人的摇篮
Exactly. If we lose the Everglades... -是啊 -如果我们失去大沼泽地
-The butterfly effect. -Yeah. -蝴蝶效应 -是啊
Years of study yielded a solution. 多年的研究得出了一个解决办法
Build vast reservoirs south of the lake to store and clean the water 在湖的南面建造 巨大的水库来储存和净化湖水
and then send it down the Everglades to the Bay. 然后把它从大沼泽地送到海湾
The problem was that the obvious place to build it is in the sugar fields, 问题是 建造它的明显地点 是在糖地里
and the sugar industry doesn't want that. 制糖业不希望这样
The State of Florida owns land that would be perfect for a reservoir, 佛罗里达州拥有的土地 非常适合建水库
16,000 acres south of the lake. 湖以南的65平方公里
But that land was being used. 但是那块土地被使用
In fact, it was being used by the sugar business, 事实上 它被糖业使用
which had leased it from the state to grow sugarcane until early 2019. 在2019年初之前 该公司一直从加州租用甘蔗种植用地
For them, growing sugar is like printing money, 对他们来说 种植糖就像印钞票
and they would like to do as much of it as possible, 他们愿意尽可能多地去做
so they've been fighting it for a long time, 所以他们已经为此奋斗了很长时间
and they've at times agreed, 他们有时也会同意
and then they've sort of taken back their agreements. 然后他们收回了他们的协议
But after the real meltdown of the estuaries the last few years, 但在过去几年河口真正崩溃之后
I think there was sort of an understanding that something was gonna happen. 我想大家都知道会有事情发生
Final approval to end the lease, 终止租约的最终批准
leaving the land open for the reservoir project, 为水库工程留下空地
was in the hands of a state agency 掌握在一个国家机构手中
called the South Florida Water Management District. 机构被称为南佛罗里达水资源管理区
We have these state water boards across the State of Florida 我们在佛罗里达州 有这些州的水委员会
that supposedly are the guardians of our pristine water. 它们应该是我们原始水源的守护者
Right, so we have very busy agenda today, 好的 我们今天的日程很紧
and I'd like to start off with some housekeeping items. 我想从一些整理方面开始
The South Florida Water Management District, 南佛罗里达水资源管理区
along with the Army Corps of Engineers, 还有陆军工程兵团
are in charge of essentially controlling South Florida's water. 主要负责控制南佛罗里达的水
They decide where the water goes, 他们决定水的去向
and they are a heavily political agency. 他们是一个高度政治化的机构
Essentially, whenever there is a conflict 本质上 只要有
between the needs of the natural system and the needs of the sugar industry, 介于自然系统的需要 和制糖业的需要之间的冲突
the lobbyists for the sugar industry make it very clear 糖业的说客们向
to the Water Management District what needs to happen, 水资源管理区说清楚 他们想要发生的事情
and they just about always get their way. 他们就总会能得逞
Right, so do we have any agenda revisions? 对 我们有议程修订吗？
At 9:30 the night before the meeting, 会议前一天晚上九点半
I got a phone call that they had added an agenda item to the agenda, 我接到一个电话 说他们在议程上增加了一个议程项目
you know, with 12 hours to go until the meeting, 离会议还有12个小时
that they were going to vote on whether or not to renew the lease 他们将投票决定是否续签租约
on the state-owned land that the reservoir was slated to be built. 计划建水库的国有土地
You've clearly had conversations about this issue 很明显你们已经和私人公司
with private entity for months. 讨论这个问题好几个月了
I think the public, who you actually work for and represent, 我认为你为之工作及代表的公众
deserve more than 12 hours of notice. 应该得到超过12小时的通知
The Governor would like to be briefed and be able to know 州长希望听取简报
（布赖恩马斯特 佛罗里达共和党18区议员）
that we are not putting in place additional hurdles 并且能够知道 我们没有设置额外的障碍
to bringing this reservoir to fruition. 使这个水库得以合理使用
The water board voted to extend the lease. 水委员会投票决定延长租期
No Reservoir. Nothing changed. 没有水库 没有什么改变
Florida Crystals said in their statement that the company is amongst 佛州之晶在他们的声明中说 该公司是
the most sophisticated and sustainable agricultural producers in the world 世界上最先进和可持续的农业生产者 其中之一
and has a long track record of supporting plans 并有长期支持
that will help restore the entire Everglades system. 恢复整个大沼泽地系统的纪录
The state just didn't say, 州政府只是没有说
"Oh, let's just extend this lease to Florida Crystals." “让我们把租期延长给佛州之晶吧”
Somebody from the sugar industry wanted that extended, 制糖业的一些人想要延长
and they knew where the property was located, 他们知道产业的所在地
right in a place needed for the reservoir construction. 正好在水库建设需要的地方
And yet they made it happen. 但他们还是做到了
Overall, sweetener consumption in the US peaked in 1999, 总体而言 美国的甜味剂消费量 在1999年达到峰值
at more than 400 calories a day per person. 每人每天超过400卡路里
Since then, it has dropped by almost 16%. 从那时起 它已经下降了近百分之16
But the big loser in that drop is not cane sugar. 但这一下降的最大输家不是蔗糖
It's high fructose corn syrup in soft drinks, 是软饮料中的高果糖玉米糖浆
which is viewed as a leading cause of obesity and diabetes. 这被认为是肥胖和糖尿病的主要原因
As a result, soda bottlers, like Pepsi, 因此 汽水厂商 比如百事可乐
turned back to sweetening their drinks with sucrose. 他们又开始往饮料里加蔗糖
We eat 7% more sugar today than we did 20 years ago. 我们今天比20年前 多吃了百分之七的糖
Sugar's victory in the marketplace may, of course, 当然 糖在市场上的胜利可能会
help shore up their influence in the political arena. 帮助巩固他们在政治舞台上的影响力
It has been very careful to cultivate those politicians 培养这些政客是非常谨慎的
to protect its sweet deal, 来保护这份甜蜜交易
and it's hard to blame them for doing it. 很难责怪他们这么做
You know, they're a profit-maximizing corporation. 他们是一家利润最大化的公司
I'm always more critical of the politicians, 我总是对政客们更挑剔
who are supposed to be serving the public, 他们应该是为公众服务的
and allow them to do it. 却允许公司这么做
That means consumers can act not only in the supermarket, 这意味着消费者 不仅可以在超市发挥权利
but at the ballot box. 也可以在投票箱里付诸行动
Public pressure on politicians may be paying off. 公众对政客的压力可能正在得到回报
The current governor of Florida campaigned on a promise 佛罗里达州现任州长在竞选时承诺过
not to take contributions from Big Sugar, 不要接受糖业巨头的捐助
and up to the time of production, he had kept that promise. 截至本片制作之时 他没有拿一分钱
I think they could have stayed under the radar 我想他们本可以在价格上提供支持
on the price supports forever. 永远不被发现
But I do think you touch the American conscience 但我认为如果你触动了美国人的良知
and the conscience of some lawmakers 以及一些立法者的良知
when you say they're contributing to the demise of the Everglades 当你说他们是大沼泽地灭亡
and the whole freshwater system. 以及整个淡水系统的罪魁祸首
That's where it got fucked up for them. 这就是他们搞砸的地方
Everglades restoration got off to a very rough start, 大沼泽地的修复开始时非常艰难
but I always remember that you've got all this science, 但我一直记得 你掌握了所有的科学知识
you've got all this water, 你掌握了这片水
and you've got this extraordinary political commitment. 你掌握了非凡的政治承诺
You know, everybody says, "We've got to save the Everglades." 你知道 每个人都说 “我们必须拯救大沼泽地”
Well, I'm always a short-term pessimist and a long-term optimist. 我一直是短期悲观主义者 和长期乐观主义者