along welcome to new front is on CCTV
International hemti shattering in
Beijing and today we're starting a brand
new series called Chinese civilization
the series sets out to illustrate the
evolution of Chinese civilization
through an investigation of oculus Co
discoveries historical site and cultural
relics and in the course of this it will
reflect the enduring desire for
self-improvement and social commitment
that are a feature of the Chinese nation
and today's program will be going back
to the dawn of Chinese civilization
5,000 years ago the Yellow River gave
birth to Yin T the en Emperor and Huang
deep the Yellow Emperor it was then that
people here first started to cult
themselves Chinese
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beginning from 5,000 years ago when the
Yellow River gave birth to Yin Dee of a
yen Emperor and one day the Yellow
Emperor the two greatest heroes and
Chinese antiquity people in this land
started to call themselves Chinese with
the seeds of civilization planted 10,000
years ago sprouting growing and blooming
in the central plain the development of
Chinese culture was gathering momentum a
great nation was about to be born
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in the year 91 BC the great Han Dynasty
historian somach am finally finished his
great book records of the historian a
work that begins with a legendary figure
1d but are there any tangible facts to
prove that this hero and his people even
existed in ancient antiquity is MIT and
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she's young showers a deserted village
in me Angier County her nan province
located on the southern bank of the
Yellow River and towards it zigzags an
equally deserted road before long these
dilapidated walls the remains of
dwellings that date back to ancient
antiquity will disappear leaving only
the villagers name to be remembered
the first significant clue about the
identity of this place was discovered by
a Swedish geologist Johan Andersson in
1921 Andersen made a second visit to the
area around youngchul in the hope of
finding fossils of vertebrate animals
but instead he noticed an unusual soil
strata from which he and his scientists
associates unearthed a pile of stone
tools and pieces of pottery Andersen
wondered whether these dark objects some
of which bore colour patterns dated back
to prehistoric times later are the
discoveries of a similar nature
unearthed from the southern bank of the
Yellow River confirmed that they were
and Edison named the prehistoric culture
he had discovered young shall culture
after comparing the finds from yangshao
culture with ancient scalloped artery
from Central Asia and Europe
Edison noticed that there were many
similarities perhaps he considered they
all shared the same birthplace but of
soap where was that birthplace perhaps
this culture had been born in the West
and had later spread to China
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des Chinese culture originated in
China's West and later move eastward to
answer this question a number of Chinese
scholars turned their eyes to Shandong
Province and China's central plain
hoping to locate the roots of Chinese
civilization a civilization native to
Shandong neither foreign nor from
China's West in 1928 27 year-old wall
jean Dean climbed a tall ancient wall in
the town of Long Chen called by his
friend a town of geese and ducks
perhaps Jing ding wandered this area had
needed a town for geese and ducks in
ancient times it was somehow related to
ancient history in the greater than
strata on a cliff in longshan he found
some pieces of shiny glaze pottery or a
very dark black not long after two teams
hid by li ji and Jung soo-jung carried
out separate archaeological
investigations and what they found
revealed a mysterious culture never
before known this previously unknown
culture was characterized by shiny black
pottery objects that were entirely
different from the type found in
Yangzhou as a painter the sculpture
longshan culture
the discovery shocked the established
belief that Chinese culture come from
China's western regions and suggested
instead that they had been based on the
central plain in 1934 BGN Byeong su
yeong's findings were published in a
book titled Chung zouriya the first
archaeological field report ever
published in China
the defining characteristic of longshan
culture as it's finely crafted black
pottery and so for a long time all
prehistoric cultural relics found
wherever black pottery was present where
regarded as belonging to long sham
culture the pottery craftsmanship
required to make these black pottery
items was indeed impressive for instance
among the pottery objects firm was ass
amazing black pottery cup it weighs just
50 grams is one millimetre thick at the
thickest point and astonishingly is just
0.3 millimeters thick at the thinnest
thinner met an eggshell this type of
pottery is thus called
eggshell pottery and even making it
today is unimaginable to contemporary
pottery craftsmen
archeologists have determined that
longshan culture dates back to 4,000 to
4600 years ago burns where did this
culture come from and what was the
parent culture
the significance of the discovery of
long shank culture was that it put paid
to the established belief that Chinese
civilization had come from the West
instead it seemed to have originated on
the central plain in 1959 a site it was
discovered with more than a hundred
ancient tombs dating back 6,000 years
this previously unknown ancient culture
was given the name
Darwin Koh
when construction began on a two-way
line for the Beijing pool coal railway
in 1959 more than a hundred ancient
tombs were brought to light their
occupants had remained buried
undisturbed for 6,000 years the
discovery revealed that some 6500 years
ago people living around Mount Tai had
created a brilliant oriental culture
this newly discovered ancient culture
was given the name Darwin called culture
everything found in the tomb suggested
that 5700 years ago the established
family structure was built around
monogamy as after death the husband and
wife had been buried together in the
same term it was also clear that
equality inside the clan had been
abandoned inside the tombs of the rich
were large numbers of beautifully
crafted pottery objects while inside
those of the poor were just a few
coarsely made objects
archeologists were puzzled by a
particular kind of mysterious burial
objects found in these tombs that looked
rather like a modern-day gun shell some
scholars felt it likely that the
patterns carved on these were China's
earliest written language others
concluded that one of the patterns meant
sunrise from the east
it was clear that the eastern part of
China around Mount Tai had seen the
flourishing of a culture that was quite
different from that in Yangzhou that
being the case then we're head young
shall culture come from
legend has it that 1d was the leader of
a great tribe called the cafe while the
nd who was one Ds cousin was the leader
of another great tribe both came from
the way Shui River area in China's West
the source of young shale culture had
been found at the foot of Mount hua a
mountain and China's waist and at Mount
Tai in China's East somehow the two
sites seemed to form a mysterious
balance both with the cradle of Chinese
civilization
about six thousand seven hundred years
ago a branch of young shall people came
to the foot of Mount hua and there made
their home today this place is called
been poor
in 1954 the mysterious veil masking the
face of the been or people was finally
lifted in ancient antiquity been poor
had been a paradise on earth
a veritable Garden of Eden and so
surrounding it was a trench about eight
meters wide and six meters deep to make
it inaccessible to outsiders these are
the remains of a typical living area in
ancient times of a type that was very
common along the way who a river the
people living within Mehcad off from the
outside world most such communities
consisted of around 100 dwelling rooms
housing a total of around 500 people all
of whom lived by growing what we call
today millet about 8,000 years ago
people living on the eastern tae-hun
mountains and developed the species of
millet from wild grass
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cheese was a thousand all the tools used
in farming were made of stone or animal
bones fields were plowed using stone
spades crops were harvested with stone
knives and grain was shelled using stone
colors but as well as engaging in
farming been poor people fished and
hunted and they depicted these
activities in decorative paintings on
pottery utensils red paint can still be
seen inside this ink stone that belonged
to some unknown artists
this pottery part of a small mouth and
pointed base required considerable
ingenuity to make when lowered into
water it automatically falls to receive
water and win full rights itself when
poor people knew how to make creative
use of the principles of gravity and
balance
young shell culture is found in the way
her River areas of the western part of
present-day Hunan province and the
southern part of Shaanxi province spans
a very long period of history from 7,000
to 5,000 years ago and as it happens the
vast area the culture encompasses
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as found in the wake River area spends a
very long historical period from 7,000
to 5,000 years ago in fact legend has it
that flung DND both originated from the
wake of River area at around the time of
young shall culture
a branch of Yangzhou culture spread
north along the phenoix river east to
the Yellow River were admit another
developed culture now named Hongshan
culture in the northern part of
present-day Hubei province after
conducting field research in a place
called Hong Chen and Chu Fong city and
Inner Mongolia in 1908 Chinese and
foreign archaeologists decided to name
what they had found Hongshan culture
in 1981 a stone tomb was found in the
arming province in northeast China at a
place called the overly young Indian
pink county confirmed as being 5,500
years old the site consisted of a large
pile of rocks on top of a tomb a method
of burial now known to be typical of
Hongshan culture when the huge stone
slab and the dust of history were
removed a number of surprising finds
were revealed they were now pottery
objects inside this tomb but they was
plenty of jade the owner of the tomb had
clearly been a great lover of jade a
jade dragon had been placed on his chest
a telling reference perhaps to why
contemporary Chinese call themselves
even today the descendants of the Dragon
this is a world of stone built on top of
a mountain by Hongshan people who
believe that by doing this the dead
could get closer to heaven however these
huge rocks were not from close by they
had been brought here from a site 15
kilometers away and the said required
considerable manpower who would have
been able to mobilize so many people for
such a huge project stone steps about a
meter high kept the owner company for
thousands of years
from the size of the steps it seems
clear that the owner must have been a
royal the triple ring stone altar is
particularly interesting the diameter of
the outer ring is exactly twice that of
the inner ring this is probably the
result of observations of the orbit of
the Sun during points and summer and
winter using the traditional Chinese
calendar is this evidence of the
discovery of astronomical principles
5,000 years ago
after restoration pieces of broken
pottery found beside each ring formed a
hollow barrel like object apparently not
for any practical use it would appear
the subject was used for some kind of
religious purpose perhaps communicating
with heaven
from what they found the archaeologists
concluded that the site 150 meters long
east to west and 80 metres wide south to
north was used for worship ceremonies
but triple ring stone altar was for
worshipping heaven the stone tomb for
worshipping the earth the idea that the
sky is round and the earth is square was
an ancient belief in China that lasted
all the way up to the 19th century
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in Hongshan culture the coffins for the
dead were made of stone but where did
people stay when they were alive in
woods close to the site pieces of clay
sculptures and the jaw bones of a bear
were found the proportions of the broken
pieces caused the archaeologists to be
astounded at the size of the original
sculptures as the highest had been five
meters tall
the sculptures had slender fingers round
shoulders and well-developed breasts all
suggesting they'd been part of a group
sculpture depicting a number of women
further studies disclosed this place had
been a temple housing a goddess
what became clear was that 5000 years
ago in the lyoha River area of China's
north they had existed a powerful
Kingdom the ruler and people of which
had built a huge worship site comprising
the temple of the goddesses an altar and
13 stone tombs scattered over an area of
around 50 square kilometers Cindy Allah
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while the Yellow River area and the
other areas in China's north were
developing their own cultures the
Yangtze River area in China South
quickened its steps towards the era of
civilization two distinct regions
claimed to have given birth to Chinese
agriculture it was along the Yellow
River that the first corn and millet
were grown and the Yangtze was the
birthplace of rice cultivation
well we've seen something of the
cultures that emerged along the Yellow
River in the north as for begin see
we'll examine this progress towards
civilization in our next episode and
please stay tuned thank you for staying
with us on today's new frontiers I'm
cheese a dream from CCTV international
Butler
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