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弗里曼: 我们生活在真实的世界中吗？
Freeman: Do we live in the real world?

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[闹钟响]
[ Alarm clock beeps ]

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还是一切都只存在于我们思维中？
Or is it all in our minds?

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宇宙就是我们看到的那样吗？
Do we see the universe as it is?

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还是我们的感觉欺骗了我们？
Or do our senses deceive us?

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科学观测揭示了隐藏的现实。
Scientific observation reveals hidden realities.

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我们的感觉判断并不可信。
The judgment of our senses cannot be trusted.

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[引擎启动]
[ Engine revs ]

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我们对生命和宇宙的基本设想
And our basic assumptions about life and the universe

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可能都是错的。
may be false.

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这种存在是幻觉吗？
Is existence an illusion?

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现实是真实的吗？
Is reality real?

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空间、时间、生命本身,
Space,time,life itself.

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宇宙的奥秘尽在穿越虫洞。
The secrets of the cosmos lie through the wormhole.

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什么才是真实？
What is real?

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我们认为日常生活中碰到的一切都是真实。
We assume it's everything we encounter in our daily lives.

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但我们又如何能确定
But how can we be certain

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我们看到的宇宙就是确实存在的？
the universe we see around us actually exists?

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我们又如何知道
And how can we know

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我们看到的世界,和别人对世界的看法是否一致？
that the world we see matches what anyone else experiences?

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我们的感官感受确实让现实看起来足够真实。
Our senses certainly make reality seem real enough.

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这些固态的东西,
These things are solid.

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但是...
But...

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假如它们其实不是呢？
What if they actually aren't?

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我们认为的现实可能是一个脆弱的幻象,
Our reality may be a fragile tissue of illusions

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关于我们自身,我们社会,
illusions about ourselves,our society,

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甚至整个自然界都是幻象。
and even the whole of the natural world.

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小时候,一个魔术师来到了我的小镇。
When I was young,a magician came to town.

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他表演的很棒。
He was pretty good.

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看着他的表演,我开始怀疑自己的双眼是否可靠,
Watching him made me doubt the reliability of my own eyes.

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无论我多使劲的看,也看不透他是如何做到的。
No matter how hard I looked,I couldn't see how he did it.

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我错过了什么？
What was I missing?

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而且我为什么会错过这些？
And why was I missing it?

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Lawrence Rosenblum是
Lawrence Rosenblum is a Professor

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知觉心理学领域的一名教授,
of perceptual psychology

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就职于加州大学河滨分校。
at the university of California,riverside.

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他同样也玩魔术。
He also dabbles in magic.

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比起大多数人,
More than most,

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Larry了解魔术师扭曲现实的手段。
Larry understands the mechanisms magicians use to warp reality.

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男人：女士们先生们,欢迎神奇的Larry！
Man: Ladies and gentlemen,the amazing Larry!

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Rosenblum: 女士们先生们,大家晚上好。
Rosenblum: Good evening,ladies and gentlemen.

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今天晚上,我要告诉你们关于认知感知的一些东西,
Tonight,I'd like to teach you a little bit about perception.

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这是个什么戏法呢？
How did that trick work?

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好吧,当我往上扔球的时候,
Well,as I was throwing the ball up,

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你们的注意力会跟着我的视线移动,
you were following my eyes with your attention.

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这一直持续到我最后一次扔球,
And that continued through the last throw,

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这次其实我并没有扔。
which was not a real throw.

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这种误导的手法
That technique of misdirection is just one

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只是专业魔术师用的众多手段之一。
of the many techniques that professional magicians use.

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弗里曼: 像David Gabbay这样的魔术师用到的戏法
Freeman: Illusionists like David Gabbay perform tricks

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一次又一次的欺骗了我们,无论我们离得多近进行观看。
that fool us again and again,no matter how closely we watch.

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他们利用了我们大脑想要
They take advantage of our brain's eagerness

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弄清这个世界的渴望。
to make sense of the world.

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Rosenblum: David并不为我们的大脑创造真实情况,
Rosenblum: David's not helping our brains create a reality

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而是通过不同的方式引导我们
as much as guiding our attention of the perceptual information

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对知觉信息的注意。
in different ways.

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通过这种手段,我认为David可以教给我们很多东西。
And in that way,I think that David has a lot to teach us.

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弗里曼: David的手法利用了一种心理捷径,
Freeman: David's trick exploits a mental shortcut

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称为“变形完成”。
called amodal completion.

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这是它的工作原理,
Here is how it works.

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假如你看到了一只兔子,
Let's say you see a rabbit.

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接着遮住你对于兔子的部分视野,
Then your view of the rabbit is partially blocked.

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那么这个兔子还在吗？
Is the rabbit still there?

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当然在。
Of course.

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你这么认为是因为你的大脑
You know that because your brain matches it up

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将这个兔子的三维模型
with a three-dimensional model of a rabbit

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和你记忆中的兔子整合了起来,
you have filed in your memory.

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你的大脑补充了无法看到的部分。
Your brain fills in the missing piece.

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看！
Voilà!

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弗里曼: 我们的思维中储存着千百万个这类模型,
Freeman: We have millions of these models stored in our minds.

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我们通过这些模型
We use them to assemble

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将看起来似乎是连续的世界图景
a seemingly continuous picture of the world

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组装成我们认为的真实。
what we think of as reality.

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我们的真实感被我们
Our sense of reality is profoundly affected

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共同工作的多种感觉深刻影响。
by the way our senses work together.

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举个例子...
For instance...

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Bah,bah,bah,bah...

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弗里曼: 你听到了什么？
Freeman: What do you hear?

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Bah,bah,bah...

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Larry似乎一直在说“Bah,bah,bah.”
Larry seems to be saying,"Bah,bah,bah."

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但将情况稍加变化就会变成这样,
but here's what happens when the picture is changed just a bit.

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Fah,fah,fah,fah...

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弗里曼: 现在听起来他就像在说“Fah,fah,fah.”
Freeman: Now it sounds like he is saying,"Fah,fah,fah."

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但闭上眼再听,
but close your eyes and listen.

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声音其实是没有变的。
The sound hasn't changed.

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Larry说的仍然是“Bah,” 发音是“B.”
Larry is still saying,"Bah," With a "B."

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bah,bah,bah.

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在这个例子中,听到“Bah”而看到“Vah”,
In the case with an auditory "Bah" And a visual "Vah,"

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结果就是视觉信息
what happens is the visual information ends up

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优先于听觉信息,
overriding the auditory information

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因为视觉信息更为显著,
because it's so salient.

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看东西更容易。
It is so easy to see.

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Bah,bah,bah.

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而这个例子中,感知脑,
And the perceptual brain,in this case,

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主要是听觉脑使用这些视觉信息
mostly the auditory brain ends up using that information

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将“Bah”变得听起来更像“Vah”,
to kind of push the "Bah" to sound more like a "Vah,"

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这样就造成了人们
and that's what people end up believing

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最终认为自己听到的信息。
they're actually hearing.

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弗里曼: 我们脑中有许多不同的感受系统相互作用,
Freeman: Many different sensory systems interact within our brains.

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我们的思维获取这些信息并整理成事件,
Our minds take this information and tell a story about it.

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我们称之为现实。
We call it reality.

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我们感知的信息比我们能够意识到的多很多,
We're perceiving a lot more than we realize.

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我之所以这么说是因为
And what I mean by that is

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所有的感知信息通道都可将信息
that there are entire channels of information

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在我们的意识水平之下
that are getting to the brain

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传送到我们的脑中。
underneath our level of awareness.

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而在每一次,
But at any one time,

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你不仅仅是在观看,
not only are you seeing something

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并集中注意力在你看的东西上,
and attending to what you're seeing,

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而你并没花精力注意的东西同样影响着你,
but what you're not attending to is affecting you as well,

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这种影响不仅仅是
and that isn't just from information

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你通过眼睛得到的信息,
you get through your eyes,

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还有从你的耳朵、
but information you get through your ears

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鼻子、皮肤得到的信息,
and through your nose and through your skin.

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所有的这些都在我们观看表演时进行着,
And all of that is happening as we're sitting there

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体验着我们认为的虚拟“现实”,
experiencing what we think is a visual reality.

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其他的感觉全都对其有着影响。
The other senses are affecting it all.

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弗里曼: 但对于所有的感知来说,有太多的信息我们都错过了。
Freeman: But for all we perceive,there is much we miss.

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大多数人有着同样的感知认识,
Most of us share the same set of senses.

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而有一些人看事物却与旁人非常不同。
Yet some of us see things very differently than others.

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我们之中会有人能够看到真实的世界吗？
Can any of us perceive the world as it truly is?

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Charles Falco教授是少数可以做到的人,
Professor Charles Falco is one of the few who can.

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他探索着不可见的世界,而其中的真实我们却都看不到。
He explores the invisible world the reality we can't see.

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[相机快门声]
[ Camera shutter clicking ]

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人类的视觉系统只能捕获
The human vision system only captures a really tiny fraction

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光谱中非常小的一个片段。
of the light that's available.

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那么这个半身雕塑,
If we look at a bust like this,

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裸眼看就是红色的,
we see it looks red to the naked eye.

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但如果我们打上紫外光,
But if we image this in the ultraviolet,

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这个雕塑就有可能发出荧光,
possibly,this bust will fluoresce

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这是因为其中的某些化学成分。
because of some of the chemical composition that's in it.

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红外光则可以在红色染料中透过很远,
Infrared typically penetrates fairly far through red pigment.

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这样我们就能看到染料下面到底有什么,
So we'll be able to see what's underneath the pigment,

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是否存在某些东西位于染料
if there's something between the pigment

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和石膏雕塑本身之间。
and the plaster bust itself.

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弗里曼: 在他位于亚利桑那大学的实验室中,
Freeman: In his laboratory at the university of Arizona,

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Charles的实验设备可以用从可见光
Charles had exotic instruments that can examine objects

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到不可见光所有波长范围的光
at resolutions across all ranges

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检测物体,
of visible and invisible light

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比如X射线、紫外光、红外光等,
x-rays,ultraviolet,infrared,

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这类仪器比人眼敏锐
and machines that see millions of times sharper

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上百万倍。
than human eyes.

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这台电子显微镜可以看到雕塑上,看似光滑的红色染料中的
This electron microscope can read the rough molecular surface

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粗糙的分子表面。
of the bust's seemingly smooth red paint.

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而他所有“收藏品”中的御宝
The crown jewel of his collection

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是一台可以检测原子间空隙的仪器,
is a machine that reads the space between atoms,

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这可以帮助物理学家以完全不同的方式
giving physicists a completely different way

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观测分子是如何构建的。
of looking at how molecules are constructed.

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Falco: 如果你只用自己的眼睛,
Falco: If you only have your eyes,

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看一些东西,你认为你已经了解它了,
you look at something,you think you understand it.

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可当你用更多的工具来观察它,
Turns out that the more tools you have to look at something,

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你就又能得到更多的信息。
it reveals much more information.

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所以真实是一个远比我们想象的
So reality is a much more complex thing

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更为复杂的东西。
than we think about.

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我们用越多的手段研究真实,
The more ways we have studying of reality,

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就越能体会到真实是一个
the more we realize reality is a bigger picture

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比我们能够理解的范围更宏大的图景。
than we could possibly have understood before.

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弗里曼: 并没有一种进化压力
Freeman: There is no evolutionary pressure

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促使某种生物进化到可以看清现实,
to create an animal that sees reality as it really is.

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我们只进化出了我们需要看到的“真实”,
We have evolved to see the reality we need to see.

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当我们看到什么东西时,我们的大脑
When we see something,how our brain interprets it

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并不会按照进入我们眼球的情况进行说明,
isn't usually what exactly is imprinted on our eyeball.

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我们不是摄像机,
We're not a camera.

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我们的视网膜后面还有一个大脑,
We have a brain behind our retinas.

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这个脑可以处理信息,
And the brain processes the information

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告诉我们它想看什么。
and tells us what it wants us to see.

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我们身边的世界中
There is so much visual information

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有太多的视觉信息,
in the world around us that it turns out

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而大脑给了我们有限的注意焦点,
our brain gives us a limited spotlight of attention,

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这样我们就能集中注意力于我们面前的事情,
where we focus our attention on exactly what's in front of us,

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忽略掉其他地方正在发生的事。
ignoring things that go on everywhere else.

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弗里曼: 当你的注意力被什么东西吸引时,
Freeman: When your attention's attracted by something,

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神经细胞就会增强
neurons enhance the sensitivity

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你对视场中央区域的敏感性,
of the central region of your field of vision

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并抑制对周围区域的敏感性。
and suppress the sensitivity of the surrounding regions.

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我们就这样通过双眼看世界。
And this is how we see the world  through binoculars.

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我们只能看到
We see only a tiny fraction

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面前的真实的一点点片段。
of the reality that's in front of us.

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有过多的感知信息,
There is so much sensory information,

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过多的视觉信息,
so much visual information

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将它们全部处理实际上是不可能的。
that,in fact,it's impossible to process it all.

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所以每个人的大脑、每个动物的大脑,
So everyone's brain,every animal's brain

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都被进化设置为只接受
has been programmed by evolution to accept

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信息的一小部分并对其进行处理,
only a small fraction of the information and process it.

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否则就会过载。
Otherwise,there'd be total overload.

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弗里曼: 但真实并不是单纯的决定于你或我是如何看世界的,
Freeman: But reality isn't defined solely by how you or I see the world

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而是我们共享的东西。
it's something we share.

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我们靠别人的观察
We check our observations

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来检验自己的观察,
against the observations of others.

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如果我们在什么是真实的问题上存在分歧,
If we didn't agree on what is real and what is not,

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社会就不能运作。
society couldn't function.

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但这个人认为
But this man believes

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我们共同认为的现实才是最大的幻象。
our shared reality is the greatest illusion of all.

196
00:10:44,000 --> 00:10:47,190
我并不是真实的,
I am not real.

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00:10:47,200 --> 00:10:50,590
你看到的我只是屏幕上上千个发着光的
You are looking at thousands of glowing,colored dots

198
00:10:50,600 --> 00:10:51,930
彩色点组成,
on a screen.

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00:10:51,940 --> 00:10:54,260
这些点的模式
The pattern of these dots changes

200
00:10:54,270 --> 00:10:56,430
在每30分之一秒后改变一次,
once every 30th of a second,

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00:10:56,440 --> 00:10:59,530
这样就创造了运动的影像。
creating the illusion of movement.

202
00:10:59,540 --> 00:11:03,140
而我也并不是现在就说着话,
And I'm not saying these words right now.

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00:11:03,150 --> 00:11:04,740
这是录制后的影像,
This is a captured impression

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00:11:04,750 --> 00:11:08,910
而其中我说的话都是过去发生的,
of something I said in the recent past.

205
00:11:08,920 --> 00:11:10,280
真是这样吗？
Or is it?

206
00:11:10,990 --> 00:11:13,280
如果我这么做呢？
What if I did this?

207
00:11:13,290 --> 00:11:16,320
当画面上说“Live(直播)”,
You've been conditioned

208
00:11:16,330 --> 00:11:19,220
你就会依此认为
to believe that,when something says "Live,"

209
00:11:19,230 --> 00:11:21,620
这是此时此刻正在发生的。
it's really happening right now.

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00:11:21,630 --> 00:11:24,890
我们的社会也被这些共同的信条所同步,
Our society is tied together by these shared beliefs.

211
00:11:25,000 --> 00:11:27,650
但这是何种程度的真实？
But how much of it is real?

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00:11:27,660 --> 00:11:32,660
有多少又是复杂精致的幻觉？
And how much is just an elaborate fantasy?

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00:11:34,000 --> 00:11:34,990
对于他的大半生来说,
For much of his life,

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00:11:35,800 --> 00:11:38,690
科学家兼哲学家的Jim Baggott
scientist and philosopher Jim Baggott has been haunted

215
00:11:38,700 --> 00:11:43,630
都被“什么才是真实的”这一简单问题所困惑。
by a simple question what is reality?

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00:11:43,640 --> 00:11:47,830
所有的真实都是我们脑中创造出的幻象。
All reality is a fantasy created in our own heads.

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00:11:47,840 --> 00:11:50,030
我们都被禁闭于自己的思维之中,
We are locked in the prison of our own minds,

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00:11:50,040 --> 00:11:53,700
这样的结果就是,我们为自己创造了一个
and as a consequence,we have to create for ourselves

219
00:11:53,710 --> 00:11:56,010
基于我们能够接受什么的
an understanding of what reality is like

220
00:11:56,020 --> 00:11:58,410
自己对于现实的理解,
on the basis of what we can absorb,

221
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我们能够学到什么,能够看到什么。
what we can learn,what we can see.

222
00:12:01,190 --> 00:12:04,350
[门嘎吱作响]
[ Door creaks ]

223
00:12:04,360 --> 00:12:06,320
当我们用眼睛看时,
So when we see with our eyes,

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我们察觉到的并不是真实本身,
what we perceive,of course,is not reality as such.

225
00:12:09,860 --> 00:12:13,160
毕竟我们的大脑只是一块
Our brains are,after all,just clumps of tissue

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00:12:13,170 --> 00:12:17,260
重约3.5磅的粘稠组织,
weighing about 3? pounds,with a consistency of cold porridge.

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00:12:17,270 --> 00:12:20,600
只有当我们在意识思维中
It's only when we interpret the electrical signals

228
00:12:20,610 --> 00:12:23,600
通过脑产生的电信号
generated by our brain in our conscious mind

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00:12:23,610 --> 00:12:26,800
才创造出了我们每个人的真实。
do we create our individual reality.

230
00:12:26,810 --> 00:12:28,300
这就引出一个问题,
That begs the question

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00:12:28,310 --> 00:12:31,540
当这些电信号都关闭后会发生什么？
what happens when those electrical signals are shut off?

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00:12:31,550 --> 00:12:33,680
好吧,我马上就知道答案了。
Well,I'm about to find out.

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00:12:35,560 --> 00:12:39,210
弗里曼: Jim将会关闭自己的听觉和视觉
Freeman: Jim's going to have his hearing and vision blocked out

234
00:12:39,230 --> 00:12:41,250
十五分钟,
for 15 minutes.

235
00:12:41,260 --> 00:12:44,720
这种简单的消除感觉的形式
This simple form of sensory deprivation

236
00:12:44,730 --> 00:12:47,960
将他带入到另一种现实中。
sends him into an alternate reality.

237
00:12:47,970 --> 00:12:50,030
他失去了时间观念...
He loses track of time...

238
00:12:50,040 --> 00:12:51,430
[闹钟响]
[ Alarm clock rings ]

239
00:12:51,440 --> 00:12:55,330
...并经历了生动的幻觉。
...and experiences vivid hallucinations.

240
00:12:55,340 --> 00:12:57,570
在没有感觉输入的情况下,
In the absence of sensory input,

241
00:12:57,580 --> 00:13:01,540
Jim“制造世界的机器(脑)”创建了一个
Jim's world-making machinery manufactures a reality

242
00:13:01,550 --> 00:13:05,380
与他身体外部世界毫无联系的现实。
with no connection to the world outside his body.

243
00:13:05,390 --> 00:13:10,010
Baggott: 失去了我的两个最主要的感觉输入后,
Baggott: Deprived of two of my most important senses,

244
00:13:10,020 --> 00:13:14,380
我的脑从其他感觉上勉强拼凑出了
what happens is the brain scrambles for inputs

245
00:13:14,390 --> 00:13:15,750
感觉输入。
from other senses.

246
00:13:15,760 --> 00:13:19,160
嘴中的味觉就会变得敏感,
So you become very conscious of the taste in your mouth

247
00:13:19,170 --> 00:13:21,790
我躺着的床也变得坚硬。
and the hardness of this bed that I'm lying on.

248
00:13:21,800 --> 00:13:25,830
我开始进入一种梦一般的朦胧状态中,
I began to drift into some dreamlike states.

249
00:13:25,840 --> 00:13:27,160
但当我的眼睛
But then I became aware

250
00:13:27,170 --> 00:13:29,200
重新睁开后,
that me eyes are,in fact,wide open,

251
00:13:29,210 --> 00:13:32,470
我就完全清醒并具有清晰的意识了。
and I'm fully awake and conscious.

252
00:13:33,510 --> 00:13:35,510
弗里曼: 当你感觉被关闭了,
Freeman: When your senses are shut off,

253
00:13:35,520 --> 00:13:39,940
你的脑就创造了你自己版本的现实。
your brain makes up its own version of reality.

254
00:13:39,950 --> 00:13:45,680
但根据Jim的理论,我们全都生活在一个虚假的现实中,
But according to Jim,we all live in a false reality

255
00:13:45,690 --> 00:13:48,550
一个由社会创造的充满幻象的超现实,
a hyperreality created by society,

256
00:13:48,560 --> 00:13:52,220
它变得对于我们来说
filled with illusions that have become more real to us

257
00:13:52,230 --> 00:13:55,860
比起周围的物质世界更为真实。
than the physical world around us.

258
00:13:55,870 --> 00:14:01,430
我们都是这个思维共同体的一部分,
We are all part of a community of minds,

259
00:14:01,440 --> 00:14:06,100
这个共同体是一个由数十亿个大脑
a world created by billions of brains working in concert

260
00:14:06,110 --> 00:14:08,170
一致工作数千年的世界。
over thousands of years.

261
00:14:08,180 --> 00:14:10,770
现代的消费社会
The modern consumer society

262
00:14:10,780 --> 00:14:14,310
是我们集体思维进化出的,使我们这个物种前进的
is the latest twist our mass mind has evolved

263
00:14:14,320 --> 00:14:17,310
最新形式的对真实的扭曲,
to advance the species.

264
00:14:17,320 --> 00:14:20,850
金钱位于这个社会的中心,
Money lies at the heart of this society.

265
00:14:20,860 --> 00:14:22,450
但从许多角度来说,
But in many ways,

266
00:14:22,460 --> 00:14:27,620
这才是我们所有创造中最超现实的。
it is the most hyperreal of all of our creations.

267
00:14:27,630 --> 00:14:31,460
Baggott: 这里我有一张50美元和50英镑的纸币样张,
Baggott: I have here a $50 bill and a 50￡ note.

268
00:14:31,470 --> 00:14:34,900
现在的汇率告诉我们
Current currency-conversion rates tells us that the pound

269
00:14:34,910 --> 00:14:38,040
英镑的汇率是美元的1.5倍,
is about 1.5 times greater in value than the dollar.

270
00:14:38,050 --> 00:14:41,140
而这些小片纸张却像咒符一样
And these little pieces of paper hold such a spell

271
00:14:41,150 --> 00:14:42,170
主宰我们的生活,
over our lives.

272
00:14:42,180 --> 00:14:44,240
它们几乎决定了
They tell us whether almost

273
00:14:44,250 --> 00:14:46,310
谁能活下去,谁将会死去。
who is gonna live,who is gonna die.

274
00:14:46,320 --> 00:14:48,410
但价值确是
But,really,value is something

275
00:14:48,420 --> 00:14:51,680
我们创造的超现实的一部分,
that's part of the hyperreality that we've created,

276
00:14:51,690 --> 00:14:54,550
而我并不知道这片由四分之三的棉纤维
and I don't know what the real value of a piece of paper

277
00:14:54,560 --> 00:14:57,690
和四分之一亚麻做成的纸的真实价值,
made of three parts cotton fiber and one part linen really is,

278
00:14:57,700 --> 00:15:02,090
但我可以告诉你,它的价值绝对远小于50美元或50英镑。
but I can tell you it's a lot less than $50 or 50￡.

279
00:15:04,670 --> 00:15:10,100
弗里曼: 如果我们不相信金钱所代表的价值,它们则一文不值。
Freeman: Money would be valueless if we didn't all believe in it.

280
00:15:10,110 --> 00:15:12,440
我们共同认为的现实
Our shared reality is an illusion

281
00:15:12,450 --> 00:15:14,500
其实是一个我们努力在维持的幻象,
we have to struggle to maintain.

282
00:15:14,510 --> 00:15:18,070
如果我们不严格遵守其中的规则,
And if we fail to strictly observe its rules,

283
00:15:18,080 --> 00:15:21,680
现实就会轰然崩塌。
reality can crumble.

284
00:15:21,690 --> 00:15:23,780
Baggott: 一旦这些结构就这么出现在这里,
Baggott: Once these structures are out there,as it were,

285
00:15:23,790 --> 00:15:26,120
发展出属于自己的规则,
they develop,you know,laws of their own.

286
00:15:26,130 --> 00:15:28,820
发展出自己的生命,
They develop a life of their own almost.

287
00:15:28,830 --> 00:15:31,320
而对这些规则的误读,
And that misinterpreting those rules

288
00:15:31,330 --> 00:15:33,820
对规则的扭曲和改变,
and distorting those rules and changing those rules

289
00:15:33,830 --> 00:15:36,360
我们就这样将自己置于险境。
we do that at our peril.

290
00:15:36,370 --> 00:15:39,300
弗里曼: 也许没有更好的例子
Freeman: There is perhaps no greater example

291
00:15:39,310 --> 00:15:42,130
能比得上最近全球金融系统的崩溃。
than the recent near collapse of the global financial system.

292
00:15:42,140 --> 00:15:43,030
[ATM机响]
[ Atm beeping ]

293
00:15:43,040 --> 00:15:47,040
Baggott: 2008年全球银行业危机
Baggott: The global banking crisis of 2008

294
00:15:47,050 --> 00:15:50,370
起因就是银行家玩弄这些“游戏规则”,
resulted from bankers playing with the rules of the game.

295
00:15:50,380 --> 00:15:51,710
作为结果,
And as a consequence,

296
00:15:51,720 --> 00:15:55,380
金钱的价值基本一夜之间就被毁掉了。
the value of money,literally overnight,was destroyed.

297
00:15:55,390 --> 00:15:55,980
[ Bell ringing ]

298
00:15:55,990 --> 00:15:58,920
女性：华尔街在创纪录的跌幅后陷入了恐慌.
Woman: Wall street is a panic after a record drop.

299
00:15:58,930 --> 00:16:02,420
弗里曼: 在这短暂的时刻,人们意识到了
Freeman: For a brief moment,people became conscious

300
00:16:02,430 --> 00:16:06,390
金钱的本质只是一个幻象。
that money is essentially an illusion.

301
00:16:06,400 --> 00:16:10,260
但如果我们不再相信全球货币体系,
But if we stop believing in the global monetary system,

302
00:16:10,270 --> 00:16:12,500
社会就会崩溃,
society could collapse.

303
00:16:12,510 --> 00:16:16,100
所以我们选择了继续相信,
So we choose to keep on believing.

304
00:16:16,110 --> 00:16:19,000
文明也基本屈服了。
Civilization was brought almost to its knees.

305
00:16:19,010 --> 00:16:21,600
但文明并不会消失的这一事实,
But the fact that civilization didn't disappear

306
00:16:21,610 --> 00:16:23,610
也许在告诉我们这种超现实,
perhaps tells us that hyperreality,

307
00:16:23,620 --> 00:16:26,280
尽管它只是存在于我们的思维中,
despite the fact that it exists only in our minds,

308
00:16:26,290 --> 00:16:29,480
这种超现实仍难以消除。
is still too tough to kill.

309
00:16:29,490 --> 00:16:33,280
弗里曼: 为什么我们这么容易的就生活在虚幻的世界中了？
Freeman: Why is it so easy for us to live in a fantasy world?

310
00:16:33,290 --> 00:16:35,920
究竟是什么让作为人类的我们
What is it about being human

311
00:16:35,930 --> 00:16:39,920
被迫创造了这个超现实？
that compels us to create a hyperreality?

312
00:16:39,930 --> 00:16:42,490
是社会压力吗？
Is it social pressure?

313
00:16:42,500 --> 00:16:43,560
[婴儿哭泣]
[ Baby crying ]

314
00:16:43,570 --> 00:16:45,800
还是我们与生俱来的？
Or is it born into us?

315
00:16:45,810 --> 00:16:49,030
这位神经科学家认为
This neuroscientist believes the answer is buried

316
00:16:49,040 --> 00:16:50,900
答案就在我们脑中,
deep in our brains

317
00:16:50,910 --> 00:16:55,040
我们对现实的拒绝也许是
and our denial of reality may be essential

318
00:16:55,050 --> 00:16:59,580
我们这个物种能够生存的本质。
to the survival of our species.

319
00:17:00,000 --> 00:17:04,360
人类大脑喜欢编故事,
The human brain is a storyteller.

320
00:17:04,370 --> 00:17:07,830
它告诉我们关于事物的故事,
It tells us tales about the way things are,

321
00:17:07,840 --> 00:17:12,500
这样我们就能想象事物可能会是什么样的。
and it allows us to imagine the way things could be.

322
00:17:12,510 --> 00:17:18,200
但如果我们告诉自己的故事都不是真的呢？
But what if the stories we tell ourselves aren't true?

323
00:17:18,210 --> 00:17:20,540
我们又如何知道呢？
How would we know?

324
00:17:20,550 --> 00:17:25,540
假如所有的大脑都联系起来讲述虚假的现实、
What if all our brains are wired to lie about reality

325
00:17:25,550 --> 00:17:29,050
虚假的生活场所呢？
and our place in it?

326
00:17:32,330 --> 00:17:34,520
这个人正要骑着他的摩托车
This man is about to ride his motorcycle

327
00:17:34,530 --> 00:17:36,990
穿越伦敦街头的交通堵塞。
through the traffic-clogged streets of London.

328
00:17:37,000 --> 00:17:41,990
当他这么做的时候,他就会进入另一种现实之中。
When he does,he will enter an alternate reality.

329
00:17:42,000 --> 00:17:43,790
[引擎发动]
[ Engine turns over ]

330
00:17:43,810 --> 00:17:45,500
[引擎旋转]
[ Engine revs ]

331
00:17:47,780 --> 00:17:50,440
摩托车仅占了
Motorcyclists make up less than one percent

332
00:17:50,450 --> 00:17:54,440
不足百分之一的英国交通,
of vehicle traffic in Britain.

333
00:17:54,450 --> 00:17:58,810
但却造成了总死亡及重伤人数的14%。
But they suffer 14% of total deaths and serious injuries.

334
00:17:58,820 --> 00:18:02,650
美国的骑手在车祸中也会比汽车内的人
Bikers in the U.S. are about 37 times more likely

335
00:18:02,660 --> 00:18:05,820
高出37倍的死亡率。
to die in a crash than people in a car.

336
00:18:05,830 --> 00:18:07,150
[警笛鸣叫]
[ Siren wails ]

337
00:18:07,160 --> 00:18:10,790
但对于这个人来说,这些数字并不适用,
But in this man's reality,those numbers don't apply,

338
00:18:10,800 --> 00:18:13,290
起码不适用于他。
at least not to him.

339
00:18:13,300 --> 00:18:16,360
尽管知道这些残酷的数据,
Despite knowing the grim statistics,

340
00:18:16,370 --> 00:18:19,300
他就像数百万个骑手一样,
he,like millions of other bikers,

341
00:18:19,310 --> 00:18:24,040
继续骑着他的摩托车。
continues to ride his motorcycle.

342
00:18:24,050 --> 00:18:29,110
为什么有这么多人继续无视这种风险？
Why do so many people consistently disregard risk?

343
00:18:29,120 --> 00:18:31,340
在英国伦敦大学学院,
At university college London,

344
00:18:31,350 --> 00:18:34,610
神经科学家Tali Sharot发现
neuroscientist Tali Sharot has discovered

345
00:18:34,620 --> 00:18:37,250
在人脑中存在一种
there's a reality-distortion mechanism

346
00:18:37,260 --> 00:18:39,820
现实扭曲机制。
built into the human brain.

347
00:18:39,830 --> 00:18:45,220
她写了一本关于这种机制的书,叫《乐观的偏见》,
She wrote a book about it called "The optimism bias."

348
00:18:45,230 --> 00:18:46,690
乐观的偏见
so the optimism bias

349
00:18:46,700 --> 00:18:49,630
是我们在生活中过高估计积极事物的倾向,
is our tendency to overestimate the positive things in our lives

350
00:18:49,640 --> 00:18:52,970
以及低估生活中负面事物的可能性。
and underestimate the likelihood of negative things in our lives.

351
00:18:52,980 --> 00:18:54,270
比如说,
So,for example,

352
00:18:54,280 --> 00:18:57,470
人们会过高估计自己的成功概率,
people overestimate their success professionally,

353
00:18:57,480 --> 00:18:59,070
自己的寿命,
their longevity.

354
00:18:59,080 --> 00:19:00,910
人们会低估
They underestimate their likelihood

355
00:19:00,920 --> 00:19:04,310
患癌或离婚的可能性。
of suffering from cancer,of getting divorced.

356
00:19:04,320 --> 00:19:06,410
我们比真实的更为乐观,
We are more optimistic than realistic,

357
00:19:06,420 --> 00:19:08,650
大多数人并不会去注意现实,
but most of us are oblivious to the fact.

358
00:19:08,660 --> 00:19:10,750
我们并不会意识到现实。
We're not aware of it.

359
00:19:10,760 --> 00:19:15,750
弗里曼: 有80%的人都会受到这种偏见的影响,
Freeman: Nearly 80% of the population is affected by this bias.

360
00:19:15,760 --> 00:19:17,760
这在活动中很容易发现,
It's easy to see it in action,

361
00:19:17,770 --> 00:19:21,560
Tali就随机用一组学生进行了证明。
as Tali demonstrates with a random group of students.

362
00:19:21,570 --> 00:19:24,760
我会列出许多能力与特征,
So,I'm gonna give you a list of abilities and characteristics,

363
00:19:24,770 --> 00:19:27,060
我想让你们思考这些能力,
and I want you to think,for each of these abilities,

364
00:19:27,080 --> 00:19:29,900
选出自己更擅长哪种能力。
where you stand relative to the rest of the population.

365
00:19:29,910 --> 00:19:33,000
好的,第一种能力是良好的与他人相处。
So,the first one is getting along well with others.

366
00:19:33,010 --> 00:19:35,510
谁认为自己是后25%的人？
Who believes they are at the bottom 25%?

367
00:19:35,520 --> 00:19:38,680
好的,没人。[笑]
Okay. No one. [ Chuckles ]

368
00:19:38,690 --> 00:19:42,720
谁认为自己是前50%的？
Who thinks they are at the top 50%?

369
00:19:42,730 --> 00:19:45,220
好的,大多数人都这么认为。
Okay. So that's most people.

370
00:19:45,230 --> 00:19:46,750
我们发现
So,what we find is

371
00:19:46,760 --> 00:19:50,960
大多数人都将自己排在多数能力的平均值之上,
that most people rate themselves above average on most abilities.

372
00:19:50,970 --> 00:19:52,560
当然这样的数据是不可能的,
And that's,of course,statistically impossible,

373
00:19:52,570 --> 00:19:55,060
因为我们不可能全都比别人强。
'cause we can't all be better than everyone else.

374
00:19:55,070 --> 00:19:58,600
有谁认为自己的孩子会是天才？
Who here thinks that they will have talented kids?

375
00:19:58,610 --> 00:20:02,030
大多数人都这么认为。
That's most of us here.

376
00:20:02,040 --> 00:20:05,140
有谁认为能在自己的职业生活中
And who here thinks they will be successful

377
00:20:05,150 --> 00:20:07,510
获得成功？
in their professional life?

378
00:20:15,090 --> 00:20:16,980
弗里曼: 一般认为
Freeman: It's commonly believed

379
00:20:16,990 --> 00:20:19,620
当你的预期没有实现时,
that,when your expectations are not met,

380
00:20:19,630 --> 00:20:22,050
你就会改变自己的期望。
you alter your expectations.

381
00:20:22,060 --> 00:20:24,620
Tali的实验表明大多数人
Yet Tali's experiments show that most people,

382
00:20:24,630 --> 00:20:27,460
尽管面对许多消极的证据,
despite all evidence to the contrary,

383
00:20:27,470 --> 00:20:32,900
仍在现实面前表现得很乐观。
remain optimistic in the face of reality.

384
00:20:32,910 --> 00:20:36,900
她决定找出这样的原因。
She decided to find out why.

385
00:20:36,910 --> 00:20:38,870
通过脑部扫描仪,
Using a brain scanner,

386
00:20:38,880 --> 00:20:41,040
Tali监测了当我们脑内处理信息时
Tali monitors what happens in our heads

387
00:20:41,050 --> 00:20:43,540
都发生了什么。
when we process information.

388
00:20:43,550 --> 00:20:46,080
今天,这个人会了解到
Today,this man will learn

389
00:20:46,090 --> 00:20:50,150
他是否脱离了现实世界。
if he's out of touch with the real world.

390
00:20:50,160 --> 00:20:52,380
Sharot: 好的,你将会看到许多负面的生活事件,
Sharot: Okay,so you're gonna see the negative life events,

391
00:20:52,390 --> 00:20:53,620
比如癌症,
such as cancer,

392
00:20:53,630 --> 00:20:56,320
你要做的是估计在你生命中
and what you need to do is estimate your likelihood

393
00:20:56,330 --> 00:20:59,320
发生这些事件的可能性。
of experiencing this event in your lifetime.

394
00:20:59,340 --> 00:21:01,460
然后你会看到这些事件发生在
Then you will see the average likelihood

395
00:21:01,470 --> 00:21:03,760
像你这样的人身上的平均可能性。
of someone like you experiencing that event.

396
00:21:03,770 --> 00:21:08,700
弗里曼: 骑手Nick会被要求估计在未来经历这些
Freeman: Nick the biker will be asked to calculate his chances

397
00:21:08,710 --> 00:21:13,640
一共80种负面事件的可能,
of experiencing 80 different negative events in the future.

398
00:21:13,650 --> 00:21:15,840
Nick认为他患肺癌的可能性是
Nick thinks his chances of getting lung cancer

399
00:21:15,850 --> 00:21:18,510
大约10%。
are about 10%.

400
00:21:18,520 --> 00:21:22,810
实际上,在他的年龄和生活方式中,患肺癌的可能性是30%。
Actually,it's 30% for a man of his age and lifestyle.

401
00:21:22,820 --> 00:21:26,050
现在他会看到更多的负面事件,
Now he's presented with more negative events.

402
00:21:26,060 --> 00:21:28,150
每一个新的情况中,
With each new scenario,

403
00:21:28,160 --> 00:21:33,360
他都在得知真实数据前给出预测的可能性。
he gives a prediction before finding out the real statistic.

404
00:21:33,370 --> 00:21:35,290
当Nick听到了好消息,
When Nick hears good news,

405
00:21:35,300 --> 00:21:39,630
他的脑部扫描表明大脑额叶活性增强,
his brain scans show plenty of activity in the frontal lobes.

406
00:21:39,640 --> 00:21:43,200
但当他听到坏消息时,活性就会弱得多。
But when he hears bad news,there is much less activity.

407
00:21:44,710 --> 00:21:47,270
现在Nick将进行第二次测试,
Now Nick will take the test again

408
00:21:47,380 --> 00:21:50,880
来看看这些事实是否改变了他之前认为的可能性。
to see whether these facts have changed his beliefs.

409
00:21:51,000 --> 00:21:53,520
Sharot: 我们一次又一次发现
Sharot: What we usually find,again and again,

410
00:21:53,530 --> 00:21:56,560
人们在第二次的测试中,对于每个事件
is that people change their estimates quite a lot

411
00:21:56,570 --> 00:22:00,690
他们的估计都发生了很大的变化,
in the second session for items where they got information

412
00:22:00,710 --> 00:22:02,930
而真实概率都比他们估计的概率要好。
that was better than their own estimates.

413
00:22:02,940 --> 00:22:04,570
比如说,如果Nick认为
So,for example,if Nick says

414
00:22:04,580 --> 00:22:08,070
他患阿兹海默症(老年痴呆)的可能性是30%,
that his likelihood of suffering from Alzheimer's is about 30%,

415
00:22:08,080 --> 00:22:09,470
我们就告诉他
and we tell him,

416
00:22:09,480 --> 00:22:11,970
其实患阿兹海默症的概率只有10%,
well,the average likelihood of Alzheimer's is only 10%,

417
00:22:11,980 --> 00:22:14,180
我们就发现了大多数人都会在第二次的测试中
we find that most people change their estimates

418
00:22:14,190 --> 00:22:15,480
改变自己的估计。
the second time around.

419
00:22:15,490 --> 00:22:17,340
他们会说,“好吧,也许我患阿兹海默症的
They would say,"Well,maybe my average likelihood

420
00:22:17,350 --> 00:22:19,880
平均概率有12%。”
of Alzheimer's is only about 12%."

421
00:22:19,890 --> 00:22:23,050
我们就看到大脑额叶
and we see,in the frontal lobes,

422
00:22:23,060 --> 00:22:26,420
就会在人们得到比自己预期还要好的信息时
enhanced activity when people get information

423
00:22:26,430 --> 00:22:28,490
增强了活性。
that's better than what they expected.

424
00:22:30,370 --> 00:22:34,030
弗里曼: 但当人们得知的真实情况,比自己的预计要糟糕时,
Freeman: But when people get information that's worse than expected,

425
00:22:34,040 --> 00:22:36,530
人们似乎并不会被影响,
it doesn't sink in.

426
00:22:36,540 --> 00:22:41,530
尽管被告知他有30%的可能性死于肺癌,
Despite being told he has a 30% chance of dying of lung cancer,

427
00:22:41,550 --> 00:22:47,740
Nick仅仅把自己的可能性从10%提升到13%。
Nick barely changes his estimate from 10% to 13%.

428
00:22:47,750 --> 00:22:52,610
我们的大脑似乎会排斥负面信息,
Our brains seem to resist negative information,

429
00:22:52,620 --> 00:22:55,750
除非不好的事真正发生了。
but only when it applies to us.

430
00:22:55,760 --> 00:22:58,290
Sharot: 我们对于自己的事基本都是乐观的,
Sharot: So we're mostly optimistic about ourselves,

431
00:22:58,300 --> 00:23:01,190
我们对自己的孩子、自己的家庭都是乐观的,
and we're optimistic about our kids,about our families,

432
00:23:01,200 --> 00:23:03,930
但我们对其他人就不乐观了。
but we're not optimistic about other people.

433
00:23:03,940 --> 00:23:06,530
这样人们就倾向于甚至有些悲观的
So people tend to be even slightly pessimistic

434
00:23:06,540 --> 00:23:09,800
看待国家的未来、世界的未来。
about the future of the country and the future of the world.

435
00:23:09,810 --> 00:23:12,970
人们确实会有一些悲观预期,
People do have quite pessimistic expectations

436
00:23:12,980 --> 00:23:15,240
比如经济会如何发展,
of where the economy is going,for example,

437
00:23:15,250 --> 00:23:17,610
但人们又倾向于认为自己会没事的。
but they tend to think that they will be okay.

438
00:23:17,620 --> 00:23:22,210
弗里曼: 这就是为什么香烟包装上的健康警告,通常都不会为人注意。
Freeman: And this is why the warnings on cigarette packages go unheeded.

439
00:23:22,220 --> 00:23:26,180
每年有六百万人因抽烟死亡。
Yes,smoking kills six million people a year.

440
00:23:26,190 --> 00:23:29,850
但抽烟的人认为,它只会导致其他抽烟者的死亡。
But smokers believe that it kills the other guy.

441
00:23:29,860 --> 00:23:33,090
他们是特别的,他们会存活下去。
 They are unique. They will survive.

442
00:23:33,100 --> 00:23:34,790
[深深的吸烟]
[ Inhales deeply ]

443
00:23:34,800 --> 00:23:38,930
弗里曼: 这就是生活在虚假现实中的负面作用,
Freeman: That's the downside of living in a false reality.

444
00:23:38,940 --> 00:23:42,160
但其也有一个强大积极的方面,
But there is a strong positive aspect to it,as well.

445
00:23:42,170 --> 00:23:45,670
所以乐观改变了我们看世界的方式。
So,optimism changes the way we see the world.

446
00:23:45,680 --> 00:23:47,130
男性：纳尔逊·曼德拉！【南非前总统】
Man: Nelson Mandela!

447
00:23:47,140 --> 00:23:50,600
Sharot: 但其也改变了客观事实,
Sharot: But it also changes objective reality.

448
00:23:50,610 --> 00:23:54,380
而造成这样,正是因为它可以成为实现自我的预言。
And it does so because it acts as a self-fulfilling prophecy.

449
00:23:54,390 --> 00:23:58,910
所以积极的预期,改变了我们的行为,改变了我们
So positive expectations changes our actions and our interactions

450
00:23:58,920 --> 00:24:00,780
与身边的人、与世界的交流方式,
with the people around us,with the world,

451
00:24:00,790 --> 00:24:03,950
这又的确改变了我们身边的世界。
and that actually changes the world around us.

452
00:24:03,960 --> 00:24:08,560
弗里曼: Tali认为这种扭曲现实的机制
Freeman: And this reality-distortion field,Tali believes,

453
00:24:08,570 --> 00:24:12,390
是我们人类能够生存和进步的基本。
is essential to the survival and advancement of the human race.

454
00:24:12,400 --> 00:24:16,800
希望也许不总是现实的,
Hope may not always be realistic,

455
00:24:16,810 --> 00:24:20,970
但它确实让世界变得更好。
but it makes the world a better place.

456
00:24:22,410 --> 00:24:26,770
我们生活在许多现实中,
We all live in many realities.

457
00:24:26,780 --> 00:24:29,680
我们的思维中存在的现实,
There is the reality in our minds,

458
00:24:29,690 --> 00:24:33,280
我们与他人共享着的现实。
and there is the reality we share with others.

459
00:24:33,290 --> 00:24:37,480
我们现在知道了这些真实并不能完全相信,
We now know these realities can't be entirely trusted.

460
00:24:37,500 --> 00:24:40,020
但是物质世界
But what about the physical world

461
00:24:40,030 --> 00:24:43,090
的确存在于思维之外吗？
that exists outside of our minds?

462
00:24:43,100 --> 00:24:44,360
当然,
Surely,

463
00:24:44,370 --> 00:24:47,900
在这个绝对可靠的因果世界中,
in the rock-solid cause- and-effect world of nature,

464
00:24:47,910 --> 00:24:53,070
我们可以把物质当做毋庸置疑的事实。
we can rely on things to be indisputably real.

465
00:24:56,780 --> 00:24:58,440
或许并不是。
Maybe not.

466
00:25:01,000 --> 00:25:07,660
在许多方面,我们无法看到大自然的真相,
In many ways,we are blind to the true nature of reality.

467
00:25:07,670 --> 00:25:11,130
我们对世界的认知是有限的,
Our perceptions are limited.

468
00:25:11,140 --> 00:25:15,300
我们的大脑扭曲了真相,
Our brains distort the truth.

469
00:25:15,310 --> 00:25:18,440
那我们能知道什么才是真实吗？
So can we ever know what is real?

470
00:25:18,450 --> 00:25:21,210
深入探索大自然的众多谜题
That's the mission of science

471
00:25:21,220 --> 00:25:24,640
找到自然界的终极真相
to probe deep into the massive puzzle box of nature

472
00:25:24,650 --> 00:25:27,810
正是科学的任务。
to find its ultimate truths.

473
00:25:27,820 --> 00:25:31,350
但我们能有多成功呢？
But how successful have we been?

474
00:25:31,360 --> 00:25:37,860
假如我们无法发现全部的空间维度呢？
What if we are blind to an entire extra dimension of space?

475
00:25:38,800 --> 00:25:41,960
有两类物理学家,
There are two kinds of physicists

476
00:25:42,000 --> 00:25:44,750
一类是理论物理学家,他们做出许多猜测
theoreticians,who make informed guesses

477
00:25:44,760 --> 00:25:47,520
来解释世界为何以这种方式运作,
as to why the world works the way it does,

478
00:25:47,530 --> 00:25:50,290
另一类是实验物理学家,
and experimentalists,

479
00:25:50,300 --> 00:25:54,160
他们把物质撞开来看里面有什么。
who break things apart to see what's inside.

480
00:25:54,170 --> 00:25:58,130
Steve Nahn是一位实验物理学家。
Steve Nahn is an experimentalist.

481
00:25:58,140 --> 00:26:01,270
我绝对相信真实就是真正的东西,
I absolutely believe that reality is a real thing,

482
00:26:01,280 --> 00:26:04,110
但这并不代表我们完全了解它了。
but that does not mean that we completely understand it.

483
00:26:04,120 --> 00:26:06,880
当你看历史上第一张世界地图时,
When you look at the first maps of the world,

484
00:26:06,890 --> 00:26:10,480
直接能看到的是许多大块的空白,
what you notice immediately is there are major pieces missing.

485
00:26:10,490 --> 00:26:11,950
但随着我们的探索,
But as we explored more,

486
00:26:11,960 --> 00:26:15,020
我们绘制的地图也就越来越精确,
our accuracy on the maps got much,much better,

487
00:26:15,030 --> 00:26:16,520
我们就发现了大陆,
and we discovered continents,

488
00:26:16,530 --> 00:26:19,320
比如美洲、南极洲、澳洲。
like the Americas or Antarctica or Australia.

489
00:26:19,330 --> 00:26:22,990
时至今日,通过人造卫星我们可以绘制非常精确的地图,
Today,thanks to satellites,our maps are incredibly accurate.

490
00:26:23,000 --> 00:26:25,830
但到了更深层次的真实时,
But when it comes to the deeper levels of reality,

491
00:26:25,840 --> 00:26:28,230
我们就像是看到第一张地图一样,
we're kind of like those first maps here.

492
00:26:28,240 --> 00:26:30,470
那里有什么东西我们什么都不知道。
We don't know everything that's out there.

493
00:26:34,010 --> 00:26:37,910
弗里曼: 物理学家通过日内瓦的大型强子对撞机(LHC)
Freeman: Physicists map the subatomic levels of reality

494
00:26:37,920 --> 00:26:41,240
绘制了亚原子水平的真实地图。
using the large hadron collider in Geneva.

495
00:26:41,250 --> 00:26:45,650
LHC是世界上最大的显微镜,
The LHC is the biggest microscope in the world.

496
00:26:45,660 --> 00:26:48,180
它将质子
It smashes together protons

497
00:26:48,190 --> 00:26:56,860
以光速的99.999999%的速度撞在一起。
at 99.999999 percent of the speed of light.

498
00:26:56,870 --> 00:27:00,260
Steve是这个小型“科学家军队”的一员,
Steve was one of the small army of scientists

499
00:27:00,270 --> 00:27:05,400
他在2012年7月发现了希格斯场的特征痕迹。
who found the signature traces of the Higgs field in July 2012.

500
00:27:05,410 --> 00:27:09,140
希格斯场承担了宇宙中
The higgs field is responsible for the existence of matter

501
00:27:09,150 --> 00:27:10,710
物质存在的原因。
in the universe.

502
00:27:10,720 --> 00:27:14,340
但这个卓越的发现也许只是开始,
But this remarkable discovery may be just the beginning.

503
00:27:14,350 --> 00:27:20,420
LHC中出现了许多奇怪的东西...
Many more strange things could emerge from the LHC...

504
00:27:20,430 --> 00:27:23,350
或许甚至有通往看不见的真实的大门。
Perhaps even gateways to unseen new realities.

505
00:27:23,360 --> 00:27:25,690
嗯？
Huh?

506
00:27:25,700 --> 00:27:29,120
除了我们知道的以外也许还有
There may be dimensions of space and time

507
00:27:29,140 --> 00:27:31,460
许多空间和时间维度,
beyond the ones we know,

508
00:27:31,470 --> 00:27:35,300
这些维度也许能够解释物理学中
dimensions that could explain one of the greatest mysteries

509
00:27:35,310 --> 00:27:38,300
最大的谜题。
of physics.

510
00:27:38,310 --> 00:27:40,570
我们已经知道
There are four fundamental forces

511
00:27:40,580 --> 00:27:42,770
驱动一切的四种基本力,
that drive everything we know.

512
00:27:42,780 --> 00:27:44,940
有电磁力、
There is the electromagnetic force,

513
00:27:44,950 --> 00:27:47,610
强(核)力、弱(核)力、
there is the strong force and the weak force,

514
00:27:47,620 --> 00:27:50,750
还有我们知道的最弱的力,
and then there's the one that we know the least about,

515
00:27:50,760 --> 00:27:52,250
引力。
and that's gravity.

516
00:27:52,260 --> 00:27:55,990
引力比起其他力弱了
Gravity is a trillion,trillion,trillion times weaker

517
00:27:56,000 --> 00:27:58,690
上万亿万亿万亿倍,
than the scale of those other forces.

518
00:27:58,700 --> 00:28:01,120
那么引力怎么了？
So what's going on with gravity?

519
00:28:01,130 --> 00:28:03,090
它为什么这么弱？
Why is it so much weaker?

520
00:28:03,100 --> 00:28:07,330
这是我们想要通过LHC寻找的答案之一。
That's one of the questions we'd like to be answer at the LHC.

521
00:28:07,340 --> 00:28:11,370
弗里曼: 许多物理学家怀疑我们已知的三维空间
Freeman: Many physicists suspect the three dimensions we know

522
00:28:11,380 --> 00:28:14,440
是一个更大的宇宙的薄片。
are slices of a much larger universe.

523
00:28:14,450 --> 00:28:17,710
在其他尚未检测到的维度中,
In other,as yet undetected,dimensions,

524
00:28:17,720 --> 00:28:21,710
引力也许和其他三种力一样强,
gravity may be as strong as the other three forces.

525
00:28:21,720 --> 00:28:25,580
发现一些相似的高能粒子
The proof would be discovering high-energy clones

526
00:28:25,590 --> 00:28:28,750
或许就是证据。
of familiar particles.

527
00:28:28,760 --> 00:28:31,320
Nahn: 假设你发现了一些新粒子
Nahn: Suppose that you found some new particles

528
00:28:31,330 --> 00:28:33,520
与你喜爱和了解的粒子
that were sort of kissing cousins

529
00:28:33,530 --> 00:28:35,320
关系非常密切,
to the particles you love and know,

530
00:28:35,330 --> 00:28:36,930
而且具有更大的质量。
only at higher mass.

531
00:28:36,940 --> 00:28:38,560
对于每个电子来说,
So for each electron,

532
00:28:38,570 --> 00:28:41,230
你都有另一个与之对应的拥有更高质量的电子,
you have another electron that's at much higher mass.

533
00:28:41,240 --> 00:28:44,230
对于每个夸克来说,你都有与之对应的更高质量的夸克,
And for each quark,you have another quark at higher mass.

534
00:28:44,240 --> 00:28:46,300
而这可能就是就是额外维度的标志,
And that would be a signature for extra dimensions,

535
00:28:46,510 --> 00:28:48,870
这就很有可能为我们提供一个线索,
and it would actually provide,possibly,a clue

536
00:28:49,000 --> 00:28:50,990
用来解释引力发生了什么,
for what's going on with gravity.

537
00:28:51,000 --> 00:28:54,160
因为一些粒子可以穿梭于这个额外维度中,
Because some particles can travel in this extra dimension,

538
00:28:54,170 --> 00:28:55,660
而另一些则不能。
and some particles cannot.

539
00:28:55,670 --> 00:28:57,760
但如果你能进入这个维度,
But if you could go off in that extra dimension

540
00:28:57,770 --> 00:28:59,060
深入到某个地方,
somewhere further away,

541
00:28:59,070 --> 00:29:02,470
引力就会变得和其他力一样强。
gravity becomes just as strong as the other forces.

542
00:29:04,510 --> 00:29:08,170
弗里曼: 物质在这个隐藏的真实中就会变得非常不同,
Freeman: Things would be very different in this hidden reality.

543
00:29:08,180 --> 00:29:11,880
但首先发生的就是它们会变得更重。
For one thing,they would be much heavier.

544
00:29:11,890 --> 00:29:13,880
Nahn: 拿着这个篮球,
Nahn: Take this basketball.

545
00:29:13,890 --> 00:29:15,380
让我们假设这就是个粒子,
Let's pretend that it is a particle

546
00:29:15,390 --> 00:29:17,010
它能够进入其他维度中。
that can travel in the extra dimension.

547
00:29:17,020 --> 00:29:20,350
如果我们所在的是另一个维度的某处,
If it's here where we are,in that extra dimension,

548
00:29:20,360 --> 00:29:23,750
我扔掉它,重力就会把它拉向地面,
and I drop it,gravity pulls it to the ground,

549
00:29:23,760 --> 00:29:25,220
地面则要足够强
and the floor is strong enough

550
00:29:25,230 --> 00:29:26,990
才能把它弹回到我的手中。
to push it back up into my hands.

551
00:29:27,000 --> 00:29:28,790
但假设我们到了
But suppose that it then moves

552
00:29:28,800 --> 00:29:31,290
这个维度中的其他地方,
somewhere else in this extra dimension,

553
00:29:31,300 --> 00:29:34,000
在这里引力指数级的增长,
where gravity grows exponentially stronger.

554
00:29:34,010 --> 00:29:35,500
在这里我扔掉球,
If I drop it over there,

555
00:29:35,510 --> 00:29:37,500
地面不够强...
the floor wouldn't be strong enough at all...

556
00:29:38,780 --> 00:29:41,200
...篮球就会笔直的穿过地面,
...and the ball would go straight through the ground,

557
00:29:41,210 --> 00:29:43,970
砸向我们下面的建筑。
crashing through the building below us.

558
00:29:43,980 --> 00:29:46,640
弗里曼: 我们回到日内瓦的大型强子对撞机,
Freeman: Back at the large hadron collider in Geneva,

559
00:29:46,710 --> 00:29:50,370
粒子会被给予足够的能量相撞在一起,
the beams will soon be smashing together with enough force

560
00:29:50,380 --> 00:29:52,870
来证明这个引力-重量维度
to prove whether or not

561
00:29:52,880 --> 00:29:57,880
是否的确存在。
this gravity-heavy dimension actually exists.

562
00:29:57,890 --> 00:30:00,550
LHC也许会撼动正统理论,
The LHC may shake up the orthodoxy

563
00:30:00,560 --> 00:30:03,650
通过证明这些理论的对错。
by proving these theories right or wrong.

564
00:30:03,660 --> 00:30:05,990
我自己并不站在哪一边,
I myself do not take sides.

565
00:30:06,000 --> 00:30:08,620
我的工作就是找出到底有什么、
My job is to find out what is really there

566
00:30:08,630 --> 00:30:11,160
到底没有什么。
and what is really not there.

567
00:30:11,170 --> 00:30:13,730
有很多不同的可能性,
There are many different possibilities.

568
00:30:13,740 --> 00:30:17,730
就像旧时候绘制地图,我们现在正在探索未知领域,
Like the mapmakers of old,we are exploring terra incognita

569
00:30:17,740 --> 00:30:22,630
试着绘制出自然界真实面貌的地图。
and trying to draw new maps of the true nature of reality.

570
00:30:22,640 --> 00:30:26,340
弗里曼: 宇宙拥有的维度
Freeman: The universe may have more dimensions

571
00:30:26,350 --> 00:30:28,170
可能比我们已知的还要多,
than the ones we know.

572
00:30:28,180 --> 00:30:32,340
但还有另一种更为激进的可能,
But there is another even more radical possibility.

573
00:30:32,350 --> 00:30:37,520
如果宇宙的维度比我们认为的还要少呢？
What if there are fewer dimensions than we think?

574
00:30:37,530 --> 00:30:42,250
如果真实比呈现给我们的还要简单呢？
What if there is less to reality than there appears to be?

575
00:30:42,930 --> 00:30:46,760
我们生活在一个因果世界中,
We live in a world of cause and effect.

576
00:30:46,770 --> 00:30:51,570
宇宙似乎以可预测的方式运行,
The universe appears to behave in predictable ways.

577
00:30:51,580 --> 00:30:55,540
但当深入到亚原子水平时,
But down deep,at the subatomic level,

578
00:30:55,550 --> 00:30:58,710
现实发生了变化,
reality shifts and changes.

579
00:30:58,720 --> 00:31:02,280
我们已知的世界给量子的奇异性让了路,
The world we know gives way to quantum strangeness,

580
00:31:02,290 --> 00:31:05,410
在这里所有的现实同时发生,
where all realities happen at once,

581
00:31:05,420 --> 00:31:10,590
所有事件的结果都是不可知的。
and the outcome of any event is unknowable.

582
00:31:12,000 --> 00:31:16,420
一个物体能同时在两个地方吗？
Can an object be in two places at once?

583
00:31:16,430 --> 00:31:19,930
物质会无中生有吗？
Can things appear out of thin air?

584
00:31:21,140 --> 00:31:24,700
在我们生活的现实中当然不会,
Not in the reality we live in.

585
00:31:24,710 --> 00:31:27,970
但大自然有很多层面。
But nature has many layers.

586
00:31:27,980 --> 00:31:29,970
我们离得越近观察,
And the closer we look,

587
00:31:29,980 --> 00:31:35,040
我们发现真实就越破碎,
the more we find reality as we know it breaks down

588
00:31:35,050 --> 00:31:38,710
魔术也成了真实的了。
and magic is real.

589
00:31:40,000 --> 00:31:43,020
好了,朋友们,一个神奇的戏法,
Okay,guys. An amazing sleight of hand.

590
00:31:43,030 --> 00:31:46,730
看着硬币,猜猜在哪个手里。
Just follow the coin,guess the hand.

591
00:31:46,740 --> 00:31:48,230
准备好了吗？
You ready?

592
00:31:51,040 --> 00:31:52,800
好吧,再来一次...
Do this one again to see...

593
00:31:52,810 --> 00:31:56,340
弗里曼: David Tong并不是职业魔术师,
Freeman: David Tong is not a professional magician.

594
00:31:56,350 --> 00:31:59,100
他是位理论物理学家,
He's a theoretical physicist

595
00:31:59,110 --> 00:32:02,870
就职于剑桥大学的数学科学中心,
at Cambridge university centre for mathematical sciences,

596
00:32:02,890 --> 00:32:05,780
在这里他研究量子世界中的魔术。
where he studies the magic of the quantum world.

597
00:32:05,790 --> 00:32:07,450
[硬币掉落]
[ Coin drops ]

598
00:32:07,460 --> 00:32:08,480
[笑]
[ Chuckles ]

599
00:32:08,490 --> 00:32:10,580
好的,在我看来,我可以说
Okay,in my defense,I could argue

600
00:32:10,590 --> 00:32:13,250
这就是量子不确定性的例子。
that this is just an example of quantum uncertainty.

601
00:32:13,260 --> 00:32:14,720
对于像电子这样的粒子,
For particles like electrons,

602
00:32:14,730 --> 00:32:16,450
你绝对无法知道
you never know where they're gonna be

603
00:32:16,470 --> 00:32:18,120
它们在下一分钟后到达哪里,
from one minute to the next.

604
00:32:18,130 --> 00:32:19,590
事实上,
In fact,

605
00:32:19,600 --> 00:32:22,460
当你到达真实的基础水平时,
by the time you go down to the fundamental level of reality,

606
00:32:22,470 --> 00:32:26,270
你会发现一切都只是幻象。
it looks like everything is something of an illusion.

607
00:32:29,040 --> 00:32:33,570
弗里曼: 在亚原子世界,即已知现实的最小程度,
Freeman: In the subatomic world,at the smallest known level of reality,

608
00:32:33,580 --> 00:32:37,680
像电子这样的粒子并不遵守常识法则,
particles like electrons don't obey the laws of common sense.

609
00:32:37,690 --> 00:32:41,750
它们遵从量子力学法则。
They obey the laws of quantum mechanics.

610
00:32:41,760 --> 00:32:43,850
在量子世界中,
In the quantum world,

611
00:32:43,860 --> 00:32:46,690
一个粒子的性质似乎
the properties that a particle seems to have

612
00:32:46,700 --> 00:32:48,920
依赖于你对其做的实验。
depends on the experiment you do.

613
00:32:48,930 --> 00:32:51,920
你可以测量一个粒子的位置,
You can measure the position of a particle

614
00:32:51,930 --> 00:32:54,430
正如你希望的那样准确,
with as much accuracy as you like,

615
00:32:54,440 --> 00:32:57,160
或者你也能测量它的速度,
or you can measure its speed,

616
00:32:57,170 --> 00:33:01,170
但你不能同时测量位置和速度。
but you can't measure both at the same time.

617
00:33:01,180 --> 00:33:07,170
同样的,一个电子可以以粒子或波的形式出现,
Similarly,an electron can appear as a particle or a wave,

618
00:33:07,180 --> 00:33:11,180
但不可能两种形式同时出现。
but never as both at the same time.

619
00:33:11,190 --> 00:33:17,120
量子物体非常模糊,就像影子的边缘。
Quantum objects are fuzzy,like the edges of shadows.

620
00:33:17,130 --> 00:33:21,250
这虽然讲不通,但的确是大自然
It doesn't make sense,but this really is the way nature works

621
00:33:21,260 --> 00:33:24,020
在最基本层面上运行方式。
at the most fundamental level.

622
00:33:24,030 --> 00:33:27,130
Tong: 量子力学无非是我们发展出的
Tong: Quantum mechanics is simply the best scientific theory

623
00:33:27,140 --> 00:33:28,530
最好的科学理论。
that we've ever developed.

624
00:33:28,540 --> 00:33:31,500
它加深了我们对于宇宙万物的理解,
It underpins everything we understand about the universe.

625
00:33:31,510 --> 00:33:33,430
也从来没有证据表明它是错的。
It's never been found to be wrong.

626
00:33:33,440 --> 00:33:35,100
但这给我们带来了什么？
But where does this leave us?

627
00:33:35,110 --> 00:33:37,440
什么才是真正的真实？
What is the true reality?

628
00:33:37,450 --> 00:33:40,810
弗里曼: 量子力学中流行的理论表明
Freeman: The prevailing theory of quantum mechanics

629
00:33:40,820 --> 00:33:43,480
我们永远无法知道真相,
suggests we will never know

630
00:33:43,490 --> 00:33:45,640
因为我们不能以绝对的确定性
because we can never measure all of the properties

631
00:33:45,650 --> 00:33:48,910
测量量子物体的性质。
of quantum objects with absolute certainty.

632
00:33:48,920 --> 00:33:50,950
这有点像柏拉图洞穴的故事,
It's like the story of Plato's cave.

633
00:33:51,060 --> 00:33:54,020
两千年前,古希腊哲学家柏拉图认为
2,000 years ago,the Greek philosopher Plato suggested

634
00:33:54,030 --> 00:33:57,220
我们永远不能了解真实的真正意义,
that we could never understand the true meaning of reality.

635
00:33:57,230 --> 00:33:59,530
他认为我们像是小小的囚犯,
He said we were a little like prisoners,

636
00:33:59,540 --> 00:34:02,090
被锁链困在洞穴之中,被迫看着后墙。
chained in a cave and forced to look at the back wall.

637
00:34:02,100 --> 00:34:03,500
而在这些囚犯背后,
Behind the prisoners,

638
00:34:03,510 --> 00:34:06,330
有一个遥远的火堆将他们的影子投向墙壁,
there is a distant fire which throws shadows over them,

639
00:34:06,340 --> 00:34:08,930
这些影子反应的生命就在墙壁影像的后面,
shadows of the life that's going on behind the prisoners.

640
00:34:08,940 --> 00:34:11,300
但这些囚犯不可能看到真实的生命,
But they never get to see that life.

641
00:34:11,310 --> 00:34:13,110
他们能看到的只是影子,
All they see are the shadows.

642
00:34:13,120 --> 00:34:14,510
这么看了一会儿之后,
And after a while,

643
00:34:14,520 --> 00:34:17,810
他们认为真实实际上就是二维的影像,
they think reality is some two-dimensional dancing image.

644
00:34:17,820 --> 00:34:19,850
他们没有办法转身,
They've got no way of ever turning around

645
00:34:19,860 --> 00:34:22,050
来看他们身后美丽多彩的
and seeing this beautiful,colorful three-dimensional world

646
00:34:22,060 --> 00:34:23,280
三维世界。
behind them.

647
00:34:23,290 --> 00:34:25,820
现在,这与量子力学有些类似,
Now,this is a little bit like quantum mechanics.

648
00:34:25,830 --> 00:34:27,590
我们不可能了解
We can never understand everything

649
00:34:27,700 --> 00:34:28,920
量子波的一切,
about the quantum wave.

650
00:34:28,930 --> 00:34:30,690
我们不能测量
We can never measure all of the information

651
00:34:30,700 --> 00:34:32,520
其中包含的所有信息。
which is contained in it.

652
00:34:32,530 --> 00:34:34,630
我们能看到的都只是投影,
All we can see are projections,

653
00:34:34,640 --> 00:34:37,230
就像真实的影子。
like the shadows of the true reality.

654
00:34:37,340 --> 00:34:41,830
弗里曼: 但是David认为真相也许比这个还要奇怪,
Freeman: But David says the truth may be even stranger than that.

655
00:34:41,840 --> 00:34:46,710
墙壁上的影子可能才是真实。
The shadows on the wall may be the true reality.

656
00:34:48,150 --> 00:34:51,640
这是关于全息原理的争论,
This is the contention of the holographic principle.

657
00:34:51,650 --> 00:34:54,280
数学家尝试计算
Mathematicians attempted to calculate

658
00:34:54,290 --> 00:34:58,050
能够塞入黑洞的信息量,
the amount of information you can cram into a black hole.

659
00:34:58,060 --> 00:35:01,090
他们发现这些信息量
They realized the amount is proportional

660
00:35:01,100 --> 00:35:04,420
与黑洞的表面区域成比例,而不是黑洞的体积。
to its surface area,not to its volume.

661
00:35:04,430 --> 00:35:06,760
假如黑洞真的是这样,
And if this is true for a black hole,

662
00:35:06,770 --> 00:35:11,760
他们推断,空间中的任何区域都有可能这样。
they reasoned,it's probably true for any region in space.

663
00:35:11,770 --> 00:35:14,500
现在我们有可能就在一个巨型黑洞之中,
Right now,we could all be inside a huge black hole

664
00:35:14,510 --> 00:35:15,670
只是我们不知道。
and not even know it.

665
00:35:15,680 --> 00:35:21,610
现实也许的确只是二维的。
Reality may actually be two-dimensional.

666
00:35:21,620 --> 00:35:25,680
想象一下,宇宙万物都是信息,
Think of everything in the universe as bits of information,

667
00:35:25,690 --> 00:35:29,450
就像这面墙上存放的书籍。
like the information stored in the books on this wall.

668
00:35:29,460 --> 00:35:31,180
当把书这么整齐地放着,
When the books lie flat like this,

669
00:35:31,190 --> 00:35:33,090
就呈现出二维的性质。
they appear two-dimensional.

670
00:35:33,100 --> 00:35:35,320
但如果我拿出一本,
But,of course,when I pull them out,

671
00:35:35,330 --> 00:35:38,290
我们就看到这些书其实是三维的,
we see that the books are three-dimensional at heart.

672
00:35:38,300 --> 00:35:40,530
信息也是三维的。
The information is three-dimensional.

673
00:35:40,540 --> 00:35:44,200
全息原理告诉我们不仅仅这是幻象,
The holographic principle says that this is an illusion

674
00:35:44,210 --> 00:35:47,570
你、我、地球、星辰都是幻象,
not just this,but you,me,the earth,the stars,

675
00:35:47,580 --> 00:35:49,030
甚至空间本身,
even space itself

676
00:35:49,040 --> 00:35:51,040
一切三维的东西
everything that's three-dimensional

677
00:35:51,050 --> 00:35:53,540
实际上都只是幻象,
is actually an illusion.

678
00:35:53,550 --> 00:35:56,680
真正的现实就是墙上的书,
The true reality is the books lining the wall.

679
00:35:56,690 --> 00:36:00,010
真相以二维的形式存在。
The true reality lives in two dimensions.

680
00:36:00,020 --> 00:36:04,120
弗里曼: 这就解释了为什么量子物体对于我们来说如此模糊,
Freeman: And this explains why quantum objects look fuzzy to us.

681
00:36:04,130 --> 00:36:05,450
它们只是投影,
They are projections

682
00:36:05,460 --> 00:36:09,720
实际并不存在于三维空间中。
that don't actually exist in three-dimensional space.

683
00:36:09,730 --> 00:36:12,460
Tong: 我们认为现在的三维世界
Tong: And what we think of as this three-dimensional world

684
00:36:12,470 --> 00:36:14,330
仅是从宇宙中的某个表面上
is just a holographic projection

685
00:36:14,340 --> 00:36:16,760
投射出来的全息影像,
from a surface somewhere in the universe

686
00:36:16,770 --> 00:36:18,200
成为了我们看到的空间。
to create the space we see.

687
00:36:18,210 --> 00:36:21,970
这样的话,柏拉图的囚犯就是正确的,
It's as if Plato's prisoners had it right all along.

688
00:36:21,980 --> 00:36:23,570
影子才是真实的,
The shadows are real.

689
00:36:23,580 --> 00:36:26,370
影子以外的都是幻影。
What's behind them was the illusion.

690
00:36:26,380 --> 00:36:29,070
弗里曼: 现在还没有办法证明
Freeman: Right now,there is no way to prove

691
00:36:29,080 --> 00:36:30,880
全息原理是否是
whether the holographic principle

692
00:36:30,890 --> 00:36:33,540
对真实的正确描述,
is the genuine description of reality

693
00:36:33,560 --> 00:36:37,320
还是理论物理学家所共同持有的错觉。
or the shared delusion of theoretical physicists.

694
00:36:37,330 --> 00:36:39,920
但也许有另一种解释,
But there may be another explanation

695
00:36:39,930 --> 00:36:41,790
来说明量子论的不可思议。
for quantum weirdness.

696
00:36:41,800 --> 00:36:44,760
真实如此模糊的原因
What if reality gets blurry

697
00:36:44,770 --> 00:36:47,630
是因为它从未存在过吗？
because it was never there to begin with?

698
00:36:47,640 --> 00:36:49,460
一些科学家认为
Some scientists say

699
00:36:49,470 --> 00:36:54,400
现实是一个故意创造的幻象。
our reality could be a deliberately created illusion.

700
00:36:58,000 --> 00:37:00,320
通过科学的工具,
Using the tools of science,

701
00:37:00,330 --> 00:37:04,720
我们只能一瞥这巨大结构的一小部分,
we catch glimpses of the vast structure of creation.

702
00:37:04,730 --> 00:37:08,390
有太多的我们无法看到,
There is so much we cannot see.

703
00:37:08,410 --> 00:37:12,700
为什么找出真相如此困难？
Why is the truth so hard to find?

704
00:37:12,710 --> 00:37:17,000
也许是因为我们生存的宇宙
Perhaps it's because the universe we live in

705
00:37:17,010 --> 00:37:21,240
只是一个更大真实的一小部分...
is just a small part of a larger reality...

706
00:37:21,250 --> 00:37:28,420
我们都只生活在梦中的世界,
And we are all just living in a world of dreams.

707
00:37:30,630 --> 00:37:35,660
[闹钟响]
[ Alarm blaring ]

708
00:37:35,670 --> 00:37:36,690
[哔,响声停止]
[ Alarm beeps,blaring stops ]

709
00:37:36,700 --> 00:37:39,630
你是否做过递归梦...
Have you ever had a recursive dream...

710
00:37:39,640 --> 00:37:40,790
[闹钟响]
[ Alarm blaring ]

711
00:37:40,800 --> 00:37:41,930
[哔,响声停止]
[ Alarm beeps,blaring stops ]

712
00:37:41,940 --> 00:37:45,200
...就是梦中有梦又有梦？
...a dream with a dream within a dream?

713
00:37:45,210 --> 00:37:48,640
[闹钟响]
[ Alarm blaring ]

714
00:37:48,650 --> 00:37:49,970
[哔,响声停止]
[ Alarm beeps,blaring stops ]

715
00:37:49,980 --> 00:37:53,810
Jan Westerhoff就做过,
Jan Westerhoff has.

716
00:37:53,820 --> 00:37:57,210
根据他所知道的,他可能还在梦中,
And for all he knows,he might still be dreaming.

717
00:37:57,220 --> 00:38:00,550
或者你现在正在梦着这些。
Or you might be dreaming this.

718
00:38:00,560 --> 00:38:03,820
Westerhoff: 你如何知道今天早上你醒来
Westerhoff: How do you know whether waking up this morning

719
00:38:03,830 --> 00:38:05,220
是真正的清醒？
was actually a real awakening?

720
00:38:05,230 --> 00:38:08,990
也许你只是从另一个梦中醒来。
Perhaps you just woke up into another dream.

721
00:38:09,000 --> 00:38:11,060
你应该对此担心的原因
The reason why you should worry about this

722
00:38:11,070 --> 00:38:13,290
正是因为有很大的可能性表明
is that there is actually a significant chance

723
00:38:13,300 --> 00:38:15,460
我们现在正在做梦。
that we are dreaming right now.

724
00:38:15,470 --> 00:38:17,360
我们来算一下。
Let's do the numbers.

725
00:38:17,370 --> 00:38:19,600
弗里曼: 根据Jan的说法,
Freeman: According to Jan,

726
00:38:19,610 --> 00:38:24,710
大多数人每天需要8小时睡眠,16个小时处于清醒状态。
most people spend 8 hours asleep and 16 hours awake every day.

727
00:38:24,720 --> 00:38:29,040
睡眠中大约有20%的时间处于
About 20% of sleep is spent in the r.E.M. State,

728
00:38:29,050 --> 00:38:30,540
快速眼动睡眠期,
when you dream.

729
00:38:30,550 --> 00:38:35,010
8的20%,就是1.6,这表示...
20% of 8 is 1.6,which means...

730
00:38:35,020 --> 00:38:37,550
Westerhoff: 我们知道在这个时期中,
Westerhoff: We know that,at this very moment,

731
00:38:37,560 --> 00:38:40,390
此时你有十分之一的机会正在做梦,
you have a 1 in 10 chance of dreaming right now,

732
00:38:40,400 --> 00:38:43,290
这的确是一个很高的可能性。
which is actually quite a significant probability.

733
00:38:47,140 --> 00:38:50,600
弗里曼: Jan其实也并不相信自己生活在梦境,
Freeman: Jan doesn't actually believe he lives in a dreamworld,

734
00:38:50,610 --> 00:38:54,600
但作为英格兰杜伦大学的哲学家,
but as a philosopher at the University of Durham in England,

735
00:38:54,610 --> 00:39:00,040
他的工作就是对事物为什么是这样进行提问。
his job is to question how and why things are the way they are.

736
00:39:00,050 --> 00:39:03,510
不论概率数字是多少,
And despite what the numbers say,

737
00:39:03,520 --> 00:39:08,850
逻辑会告诉你你可能并不是在睡觉。
logic tells you you are probably not asleep.

738
00:39:08,860 --> 00:39:10,350
如果这是梦境,
If this was a dreamworld,

739
00:39:10,360 --> 00:39:13,120
为什么会被因果关系所束缚？
why would it be bound by the laws of causality?

740
00:39:13,130 --> 00:39:16,560
为什么狂暴的火龙不会来到伦敦,
Why don't fire-breathing dragons go rampaging through London,

741
00:39:16,570 --> 00:39:18,830
摧毁这座城市？
destroying the city?

742
00:39:22,670 --> 00:39:24,360
好吧,这是不可能的。
Well,they don't.

743
00:39:24,370 --> 00:39:26,700
你看到的都只是幻象。
What you saw was just an illusion.

744
00:39:26,710 --> 00:39:28,670
现实要遵守一系列严格的规则,
Reality follows a strict set of rules,

745
00:39:28,680 --> 00:39:31,470
即使在量子层面会有些模糊。
even though it gets a little blurry at the quantum level.

746
00:39:31,480 --> 00:39:32,810
这又如何解释呢？
What might explain that?

747
00:39:32,820 --> 00:39:35,210
也许我们生活在由高层次现实
Well,perhaps we are living in a simulation

748
00:39:35,220 --> 00:39:37,310
模拟的真实中。
made by a higher-order reality.

749
00:39:38,790 --> 00:39:41,850
弗里曼: 换句话说,现实可能并不是梦境,
Freeman: In other words,reality may not be a dream,

750
00:39:41,860 --> 00:39:44,220
但很可能是一种计算机模拟。
but it could be a computer simulation.

751
00:39:46,330 --> 00:39:49,420
想象这么一个时间,也许从现在开始几个世纪后,
Imagine a time,perhaps centuries from now,

752
00:39:49,430 --> 00:39:51,260
当我们的后代有能力
when our descendants have the power

753
00:39:51,270 --> 00:39:55,600
用计算机构建人脑全部功能的模型时,
to model fully functional human brains in computers.

754
00:39:55,610 --> 00:39:58,060
这些模拟的思维就存在于
These simulated minds could be placed

755
00:39:58,070 --> 00:40:00,230
计算机模拟世界中,
in computer-simulated worlds,

756
00:40:00,240 --> 00:40:03,270
也许甚至可以重建过去。
perhaps even re-creations of the past.

757
00:40:03,280 --> 00:40:06,410
他们永远不会知道他们并不是真实的。
They would never know they weren't real.

758
00:40:06,420 --> 00:40:09,440
假如这一切早已发生了呢？
What if this has already happened?

759
00:40:09,450 --> 00:40:14,280
Westerhoff: 我们如何知道我们所处的当代
Westerhoff: How do we know that the present year we are in here

760
00:40:14,290 --> 00:40:18,620
的确是真实的,而不是过去的重放,
is actually the original rather than some sort of rerun

761
00:40:18,630 --> 00:40:22,320
真实过去发生的那些奇怪事件可能已经被修改,
where some weird event in the past had been changed

762
00:40:22,330 --> 00:40:25,690
成为了我们现在看到的过去真实的分枝？
just to see what kind of ramifications it had?

763
00:40:29,410 --> 00:40:32,060
弗里曼: 无论你是否相信,
Freeman: Believe it or not,

764
00:40:32,080 --> 00:40:37,440
有这么一个几率表明,我们都是这个巨型模拟中的一部分。
there is a chance we are all part of a giant simulation.

765
00:40:37,450 --> 00:40:40,470
想象一下,比如说,我买到了一幅达利的画,
Imagine,for example,that I buy a dalí print.

766
00:40:40,480 --> 00:40:42,480
我很激动,
I get really excited about this

767
00:40:42,490 --> 00:40:45,080
因为我很喜欢里面融软的钟。
because I just love melting clocks.

768
00:40:45,090 --> 00:40:48,210
现在问题就是根据专业人士判断,
Now the problem here is that,according to experts,

769
00:40:48,220 --> 00:40:51,590
市场上约90%达利的画都是假的。
about 90% of all dalí prints on the market are fake.

770
00:40:51,600 --> 00:40:55,820
所以我的这幅画是假的的概率为0.9。
So the chance that I've got a fake here is 0.9.

771
00:40:55,830 --> 00:40:57,160
嗯？
Huh?

772
00:40:57,170 --> 00:41:00,490
弗里曼: 我们的世界有多大的可能性是假的呢？
Freeman: What are the odds that our world is a fake?

773
00:41:01,670 --> 00:41:04,700
有人说高达二十分之一,
Some say as high as 1 in 20.

774
00:41:04,710 --> 00:41:08,140
但Jan认为可能性并不重要,
But Jan says the percentage isn't important.

775
00:41:08,150 --> 00:41:12,170
如果你有可能是被模拟出来的,
If there is any chance at all that you are simulated,

776
00:41:12,180 --> 00:41:15,210
那么你就不能排除
then you can't dismiss the possibility

777
00:41:15,220 --> 00:41:18,180
你就是被模拟出来的。
that you are simulated.

778
00:41:18,190 --> 00:41:19,750
但问题就在这儿,
But here is the thing

779
00:41:19,760 --> 00:41:23,020
就算一切都是梦,又有什么关系呢？
even if this is all a dream,does it really matter?

780
00:41:23,030 --> 00:41:24,850
即使这是一块梦中的蛋糕,
Even if this is just a dream cake

781
00:41:24,860 --> 00:41:30,090
我用梦中的钱买下了它,它尝起来仍然很不错。
and I paid for it with dream money,it still tastes great.

782
00:41:30,100 --> 00:41:33,430
假定这一切都顺理成章,
So presupposing this all continues,

783
00:41:33,440 --> 00:41:36,560
那么是梦还是模拟还有什么关系吗？
does it really matter whether it's a dream or a simulation?

784
00:41:36,570 --> 00:41:39,570
我仍然能规划我的生活,因产生果,
I can still plan my life,causes will have effects,

785
00:41:39,580 --> 00:41:43,070
做出行为就造成结果。
and actions will have consequences.

786
00:41:49,720 --> 00:41:53,810
现实是真实的吗？
Is reality real?

787
00:41:53,820 --> 00:41:57,150
看起来当然是真实的。
It certainly seems real to us.

788
00:41:57,160 --> 00:41:59,950
但现在我们知道,我们所感知到的现实
But we now know the reality we perceive

789
00:41:59,960 --> 00:42:03,490
仅仅只是真实的一小部分。
is just a small slice of what really is.

790
00:42:03,500 --> 00:42:07,790
可能最终这不重要,
And,perhaps,in the long run,that doesn't matter.

791
00:42:07,800 --> 00:42:12,630
对我们来说最重要的是我们所知晓的那部分真实。
What matters most to us is the reality we know.

792
00:42:12,640 --> 00:42:17,140
正如哲学家皇帝马可·奥勒留两千年前所写的,
As the philosopher-king Marcus Aurelius wrote 2,000 years ago,

793
00:42:17,150 --> 00:42:21,410
“宇宙是变化的,
"The universe is change.

794
00:42:21,420 --> 00:42:25,910
我们的生活取决于我们心态。”
Our life is what our thoughts make it."